Document Lpnq2O0BZ2YmQ8YvEYBdLOLZg
ou/f{j?mr'iindbetglf Blvd."* ' -St. Louis 66/Missour
CHEMICAL SPECIALTIES DATA REPQ.RT
The Information In thin .report wna compiled to aulsl you in your evaluation and development of apecial uses lor Monsanto products. Every effort hasi been made to include pertinent material bearing on the subject. This Information la Intended
to guide your development work, but Monsanto cannot take port In the specific formulation or evaluation of any finished product.,. since knowledge of such should be reserved to yourself end.tagften your moot valuebU trade secret
Nor.Date
CS-18 November, 1963
1197\
AROCLOR COMPOUNDS
Unique Property-Improving Additives
. . for wax formulations, , . for investment castings waxes, . . for binding matrices for powdered glass and metals
The Aroclor compounds are a series of utterly inert, highly stable, low
"sirups" and reBinS that are compatible with an exceptionally wide
'variety of organic systems, including the various commercial waxes. rW: iThe Aroclor compounds range from thin liquids to hard, crystal-like
*>S*esins. ' 'They are mutually compatible in all proportions." They can im-
>art a most amasing variety of physical effects to''a particular kind of
formulation. Thejr possess - - and impart to formulations containing '
them-- great resistance to chemical attack, to heat degradation, to *
txidation. fiecause of their.phyaiCal inertness.Aroclor compounds en-s
ible wax coinpounders to ^custom-build" formulations and virtually to |
j&iiiU&rpreeie'eiytithe characteristics -of wax (as well as asphalt, resin, ^
mdgum)prPducts,for.specific applications.
!
<T' '
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^Chemically ,-theAroclor compounds til- and-pely-phenyl molecules that
heve heen chlorinated to provide a definite per-pent-by-weight of inert, |
JSbound chlorine injeach Aroclor compound. ^Physically, they range, in :
W......................................
'....................
"
'Aroclor is a trademark-of Monsanto Chemical Companyfor its chlorinated
aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives, -including chlorinated'di-
phenyl, Reg U. S. Pat. Office.
^
62ei53
Yhs information In thfo bulletin is, 4o our beat knowledye. truv end ccurate, but oil recommendation* or wtMOdion* art made without -<gueriintr#. wince the condition* of*u*e am beyond our control. The
.'^furwenlo Chcrmml Company dUcUum any liability Incurred In .
connection with the uo nf Ihor data or nttfodoM,
., Furthermore, nolhtnf contained haroln shall hr construed am .
- mendalion to um any product tn aonrUct with eilultng patent* covering
, : any material or tta *. ,
*0 jo,-
. Al SMLd
TOWOLDMONOQ43735
.rm and appearance from Aroclor 1221, a mobile oily liquid, to Aroclor 5460,
a hard transparent resin. Intermediate Aroclor compounds include viscous .
fluids and soft resinous solids. The Aroclor compounds are impervious to
. moisture, acids and alkalis; they are extremely heat stable and will not support
combustion.
'
'
This report describes some of the values of Aroclor compounds when added to
commercial waxes; in investment casting waxes and in binder formulations
for making powdered gla'ss and metal products
. > ,
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HOW AROCLOR ADDITIVES FUNCTION IN WAX, BINDER, AND SEALANl
FORMULATIONS
The aroclor compounds serve a variety of uses; primarily as a physical property modifier and performance improver. When put into formulations, Aroclor com pounds can be depended upon to impart chemical.and oxidation resistance; to increase fire-resistance and often, to lower the cost of the finished product. They have various unique properties, such as high boiling points, no flash points, and will volatilize in "fired compositions" without burning or ashing.
Aroclor compounds are compatible with a wide range of natural waxes such as Carnauba. By blending these expensive waxes with Aroclor resins, properties can be improved although raw material .costs are lowered.
^WKeK,13Ieil3eiS %it(i'waxes used tb'forhiulaFc'
Aroclor. compounds
*!S,lP-inipart-.to;the`Tmrshed formulation a npmber`Of-dejlrable properties;
Siazdneae-without-brittlisWes's "resistance..to.-shrinkagevaharp definition; sharp
......................
. t .
mi* ..... . -x-. v...
.....,.v.
_ . rnej' ing.ppinls-and-lfifb'Tdgistance, Waxes formulated with Aroclor resins are
^,,^Oh.lA^ya^JdiihjgWT^ai>le. ,.
...........
Aroclor-containing waxes are widely used in making dental castings, yi'VheT/ preciwicm'i'c.a,sting 'of ttijrC-raft-partS'^raftd for -casting' costume jewelry. Aroclor ll^T4465,` andt5 460^.are tlie ones most frequently1 used, the proportions (as
described later) depending upon the properties required in the finished wax.
" ' WHY AROCLOR COMPOUNDS ARE VALUABLE ADDITIVES FOR WAX AND .
: ' BINDER FORMULATIONS
,.
i . Aroclor compounds span a wide range of physical properties. Over the series, the properties vary in a regular gradient. The properties that make the Aroclor
series so valuable as additives for wax or binders for powdered material's are'
Chemical Resistance: Aroclor compounds are remarkably ' resistant to either alkaline or acid hydrolysis. Boiling .
!
Chemical Specialties Data Report CS. HBtSbUh:.u-uAuiudi1.;-..
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TOWOLDMONOQ43736
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with sodium hydroxide solution or sulfuric acid produces no hydrogen chloride in experiments designed to test the stability of typical Aroclor compounds
Prolonged heating of an Aroclor in a closed system even at 600 F. produces no decomposition.
Oxidative Resistance: Bomb tesls'at 140C- in oxygen pressure of 240 psi fails to develop acidity or sludge - demonstrating the remarkable inertness of Aroclor com pounds.
Adhesion: Aroclor compounds contribute excellent adhesive properties to formulations used as costings. This is im portant in glass or metal formulations that are subsequently fired to volatilize away the carrier portion (wax-Aroclor).
Flame-Retardancy: With their high chlorine content, Aroclor compounds contribute "built-in" fire resistance to any formulation into which they are incorporated.
( Volatilization Without Ashing: Investment wax castings,
marking inks, ;ahd powdered metal binder formulations are
. used in processes that ultimately require firing It is
extremely important that such formulations volatilize without
residual ash or Undesirable residues interfere -with color-or -
subsequent processing.
/.
Melting Point: The melt point of the individual Aroclor compound varies in a regular gradient over the entire series. i ' This gives a formulator a-wide"choice for picking the Aroclor , - (or Aroclor combination) that fits his requirement. The individual melting points are listed in the tabletsf properties.
, -
' Compatibility: ^'SBeiSiP'eiOTHpbinidsmraato^ ^.arAet-y-rpfairea-iTlffmtiliz-iSd in~speci al formulations. This property
/enables researchers to blend and homogenize other mutually ... incompatible materials into a stable composition. For practical use, Aroclor compounds are compatible with the following! :
' ..
. ` . '
iTOTKAsphalt-i^
'
^Benzyl Cellultis'e .
^.Carnauba Wax^ .
..
' ' eJlu1ot e AcetMd Sutyfiite
.
."'"y :
1 .
. Chemical Specialties Data Report CS-18 .................................................. ..
Page 3
.,
06261^
'Alrliisi
TOWOLDMONOQ43737
JftCoumarone-indene Resins
if/Dammar Resin
.
Tl Ester Gum
*
f.
l^jEthyl Cellulose
hi Epoxy Resins
.
. .
,hl/ Manilla Gum
T'I' Nitrocellulose
Paraffin
Phenolic Resins
.......
Polyester Resins
Polyethylene
Polystyrene Resins
FSolyisobutylcne ,1 Polyurethanes
Polyvinyl Acetate
Polyvinyl Chloride and Polyvinyl Butyral
Polyvinylidene Chloride
Rosin
Rubber
Styrene Butadiene Co-polymers
Vinyl Resins
...USE OF AROCLOR COMPOUNDS IN WAX POLISHES
'lends of inexpensive waxes in Aroclor have been used successfully to replace '
poi-tionof expensive carnaubawax, *
em'.:'
, - -C ' .
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SJnl'he following characteristic properties are necessary for a good carnauba wax
^substitute:
`.
\,
> .. - '' ' - i ' ' '
.Hardness or penetration value should be at least equal
aSfctffel't.vto that of natural *.u- '-tsr
.
amm'/-
, - i.-,,
~
.
'
j. .
:.vv. i, .
Texture should be homogeneous, preferably non-crystalline, somewhat brittle.
hWV
/'
hWf .Melting point should be similar to natural wax and the
.
setting point should be within 6C. of this point (to
' '. '
M' U havoid protracted cooling phenomena).
'A'
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; ' . ..A
Performance must duplicate that of natural wax; especially
in the working characteristics needed for the particular
' end-use application.
* See Carnauba Wax Substitutes by G. W. Wood (Maxwaxa, Etd, ), Manufacturing Perfumer, 1948, Vol. XIX.
Chemical .Specialties Data Report CS-18. ...................................... ....................... .. . Page 4
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TOWOLDMONOQ43738
(8) \ (9)
Composition
Parts by Weight
Color
Aroclor 1268 Aroclor 1242 Carnauba wax Cercsin
,
35.0) 5. 0)
50. 0) 10. 0)
: Cream _
Aroclor 5460 Aroclor 1242 Ouricury wax Ceresin Paraffin
30.0) 5. 0)
30. 0) 20. 0) 15. 0)
JLight buff
Texture
Softening Point
Smooth; carnauba ringed surface
Very . smooth, hard
Melting Point 88C.
78. 5C.
Note that a liquid, plasticizing type Aroclor (1242) is mixed with a resinous
or solid type Aroclor (1268 or 5460) in the above blends. This combining
technique insures the compatibility of the solid Aroclor compounds with the
wax and increases the nolubility of the blend in such inexpensive solvents
as mineral spirits. '
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..
Some suggested wax polish formulations, based upon the above compositions
are the following: \
`
.
t- r ,
Household Polish ;
,-
..
, , ' '.
Composition
-
' Parts by weight
' '* j'"*" . .
'
Composition No. - 5 (Table I)...... . '
'1:..
.. 3
Paraffin, hard ............................... .
' '26 ' ' '
Mineral spirits...... ..............
i .' ' 70
.. '
:
'
' '
:'
'
' '
Characteristics. This is a smooth, soft paste possessing very good polishing
properties on wood and linoleum.
. | ;
' . Car Polish
;:
7/; ^
Composition
Parts by weight"
> ;
Composition No. 5 (Table 1).......... .. ,..
Natural ozokerite................... .............. . . Mineral spirits...................................... . .
15 2
3. 80
,
Characteristics. This is a smooth paste possessing good polishing properties
on all automobile paints and on leather upholstery.
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TOWOLDMONOQ43739
Gar Polish (Ouricury)
Composition
. Parts by weight
Wax blend (as prepared above)... Natural ozokerite............................ Paraffin, hard............................... Aroclor 1242.................. Mineral spirits................
.
8 2 10 5 75
In this formulation, the Aroclor 1242 is dissolved with agitation in the
mineral spirits before adding to the molten waxes. It is noteworthy that
i aluminum stearate should not be used in this composition. Characteristics.
The color of this composition is a light brownish-tan similar to polishes
made from fatty gray carnauba wax. It has good polishing properties on
all types of surfaces.
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USE OF AROCLOR WITH ETHYLENE/ VINYL ACETATE
The ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer must be plasticized to serve as an
v\, effective base for pressure sensitive adhesives. Aroclor compounds are
5 recommended as a plasticizer for this application. Blends of this copolyr
'withAroclorcan be '.'tackified " with Aroclor products. sy. . .
.
.
j'^Following are starting formulations for various applications: ' '
Non-Skid Rug. Backing 1
:
.Composition.
Parts by weight
^V ' ^-Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer . t> Arocior 1254
50 . 50
I M'r , If,":'
Strong Pressure Sensitive Adhesive
. .r f -Composition
Parts by weight
Ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymer .
Aroclor 54/>0
.
Aroclor 1254 - 1 ''
,1
\ v;'.'. 30 / 45
' Z5. ^
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TOWOLDMON0043740
Xvus.^y,-AROCTXIR'IN rj^VESYMgN1^CroT31^:WAX-ri
..-3<.^;Va`.;>V' '
"Investment Casting," "Lost Wax Process," and "Precision Wax Casting" are terms that refer to the same casting technique in which the properties of the wax are critical. The process is especially useful where castings are made of high melting alloys and when the castings require close tolerance, smooth finish and possess intricate shape! Basically, the pro cess consists of surrounding a wax model with plaster, melting out the wax model (hence the name "lost wax"), leaving a clean plaster mold that is then used for the metal casting.
For the investment process, a ytax is required that possesses the follow
ing characteristics:
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'
i ^Hardness without brittleness
.''Sharp melting point
*Non-tackiness
`'Low volatility
\
'^Stability
.
!;,Good wax machinability
^Non-shrinking
| *Sharp definition
f^Fire resistance
j' ^Fast setting
.
^'Toughness
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. :
.-
.,
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. *
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AufekiSincc they are compatible with various natural waxes, Aroclor compounds.^'
ire widely used in the formulation of investment casting waxes. The ' Vroclor imparts to the finished formulation hardness without brittleness; ,v|i?t*;f,.. resiBtanqe to shrinkage; sharp definition; sharp melting pointj fire resis- S|$i&($istance; high stability; non-tackiness; and fireability without ashing. . ) :
K'ftinvestment casting waxes 'formulated with Arcelor compounds are widely `
i^^tised in making precision metal parts, Cental castings, .aircraft parts and jfejfrfcustom jewelry. .pAroclor 'o0irtpounds42^j*i!&6'j!*i^^5 v^h^>'^60.^re m6*t
i^p.commonly used -- the proportions and particular Aroclor combination 1
,;fv*$W#ilected depend upon the properties required in the finished wax.V-The ^feutual proportion of Aroclor may vary between 5.0-60.0% --with the p,;,-:- balance of the formulation a combination of natural waxes.
IfiE
i1
Electrical Hot Melt Impregnants
Non-flammability, high resistivity and high dielectric strength with low power factor make resinous Aroclor compounds extremely useful
6V59 Ob*'
^/Chemical Specialties Data Report CS-18......................
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TOWOLDMON0043741
in the electrical industry.,**.Aroclor'4465 and 5460 are used in coatings tor wire and cable and as impregnants (or cotton or asbestos braided insulation. Normally, in this application, they'are formulated with natural waxes and phosphate esters to create a balanced formulation. With their high resistance with moisture, Aroclor compounds make, excellent ^sealants for closing the "pores" of carbon resistors, ceramic parts, and to seal electrical bushings and terminals.
b) Wood Impr"egnant
Wood treated with a formulation of 70% Aroclor 4465, 20% micro crystalline wax and 10% sulfur by the vacuum-pressure method is tougher, harder, and more resistant to chemical attack. The residual surface coating is very'resistant to acid and alkali; however; it is attacked by aromatic, aliphatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons.
The surface of the treated wood can be painted. The hardness and adhesion of the residual surface coating can be varied by changing __ the Aroclor-wax sulfur ratios.
c) Impregnatit's and Sealants for Paper, Concrete and Brick
..
njkAn Aroclor.combined with a paraffin or carnauba wax and mixed with'.
K&miineralpr-drying oil and synthetic resin produces an excellent im- ! -
.^pregnant for paper^and masonry-products.
...
hc'almpleSt'biSalanticcmposition'coptains an Aroclor compound and
'
araffin wax. i^or axample.^arhighly effrcient moisture proofing ..."
'
'ormulation AsjjpCftposedt' 96% JJweight) of Aroclor $460 and 4%
1ar^ffin
basmnASTMaoftening point of about J&Z C.
. .?'
~ubstitutfon;bf.*lrocloril465 SforAroclor <5460 produced a compound }v` !thm wofted^g point pfaibout SB^C. vAvery aoft wax composition Can'
'. ..
.e prepared iymixing*0% Aroclor 1260, 6% Aroclor 5460*nd^% paraffin.
" .creasing:th*;$>araffln'fcontent produces aofter material. /
ft , t ^ f
,
: ***ot*proof
-repellent *nd i*e-*etardant composition Jfoy. olivo
iraboat^g^or*ent8(mnd-othcr^cavas dtoms wonsists
< i
.t'^MyA4odified phenol formaldehyde reairi <'V''1 1 4%
*i :>''M;
xricresyl phosphate ; .
i'"'. ' . . , , Chrome orange
''
'
Aroclor 1254 ''
"'
'
"'1.5%
! 2%. " * 6%'
!
. ' .
. Chlorinated paraffin (42% chlorine) " ' 10% ! ''
0628160
TOWOLDMONOQ43742
ry . /
.
\.........*
Aroclor 5460
.
... :.. .h% '
Coppcr'naphthonate (8% copper)
Aluminum stearate
VM&tP naphtha
Iron oxide yellow
Ground limestone
Ground mica
,
Antimony oxide
4% 8% 0.5% 40% 7% 8% 3% 6%
e) Jnks and the Decorative Arts
Marking & Printing Inks. Aroclor 4465 is an excellent resin for compounding marking, rotogravure, and general printing inks. A formulation for mimeograph ink, for example, contains:
Aroclor 4465
Lubricating Oil (SUV 1200 @ 100F.)
Paraffin Qjl (SUV 76 @ 100F. )
Carbon Black
Oil Soluble Dye
40% 35% 20%.
4% 1%
-./<; ur`.
, ~ Ik 7 ,,
Vitreous Products. In glass decorating processes, Aroclor
compounds are used as vehicles: for carrying the pigments.
After the decorations are applied,-the-glass is firedj^the
,
Aroclor volatilized without carbonization, avoiding .discolor
(,'* ation of the glass and the decoration. .-Aroclor 1254, Aroclor .
4465 and Aroclor 5460 are all used in this application. The
i
usual technique involves grinding a low colored glass.in a , -1 -'1 'k :...
medium of Aroclor 4465 and inorganic .pigments along with .
other carriers. '.The formulation can be silk-screened or printed
on china, bottles, or various kinds of glass-containers.
, The low-melting, glass frit pigment formulated with the Aroclor
- compound has excellent adhesion- On passing through the high '
- temperature zones of the furnace, the Aroclor,volatilizes and . . .
-the glass frit melts intothe higher melting point glass er
.
ceramic material. :.
, , . : . v . s . . - . , ;
' ' ' ' ' '. '. - ' ' - - ' 7 ft-o Binders for Powdered Metals, Glass and Ceramics
&%';. ..
The ability-pf Aroclor .compounds to volatilize without ashing
,
makes them excellent binders for.formulations used in metal
fusion. Aroclor 4465 and Aroclor 5460 are the materials of
choice for such formulations. The high tackiness, oxidation
stability, and volatilization without ashing make Aroclor com
pounds ideal for compositions used for."forming" powdered metal
parts. '
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TOWOLDMONOQ43743
Dermatology and Toxicology
v'
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At ordinary temperatures, Aroclor compounds have not presented industrial toxicological problems. Where Aroclor vapors may bg encountered in work rooms, local exhaust ventilation together with general workroom exhaust is essential.
Skin patch tests with a polyvinyl chloride free film plasticized with 11.5%
by weight of Aroclor 1E54 (about 25% based on the weight of the vinyl resin)
and a similar amount of dioctyl phthalate showed that this film was not a
primary irritant or a sensitizer. Skin patch tests with Aroclor 1254 alone
applied to gauze and placed in contact with the skin showed no primary
irritancy or sensitization. Other skin patch tests using canvas coated with
Aroclor 5460 and e.n oil modified alkyd resin, in such a manner that the
_
Aroclor concentration in the paint film on the fabric was about 17% by weight
of paint solids and the finished coated fabric contained approximately 7% by
' weight of Aroclor 5460 showed that this painted fabric did not produce a
primary irritancy or sensitization of the skin,
,,
. If Aroclor compounds' are spilled on the skin, the 6kin should be washed
i^Wsin the usual manner with soap solutions. If accidental burns occur from
.
contact with .hot Aroclor, the burn should be treated the same as any
ordinary .burn, Aroclor adhering to the burned area need, not be remove^ .
immediately unlese ireatment of the burn demands it, in -which case use | ' 7
oap and water or ^repeated washings with a vegetable oil. . . .
1 f ( 1 tf
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TOWOLDMONOQ43744