Document LpZY2m9eaQbm2DOjyYa3oB6zw

Elements of Industrial Toxicology m industry due m part to the low vapor pres sure at room temperature and the relatively good warning propenties of this material Although animal data indicates that diphenyl has little irritating potenbal, it does indicate that diphenyl can be absorbed through the intact skin Contact with the skin should, therefore, be avoided to eliminate the pos sibility of systemic injury Because moder ate air concentrations of this material are irritating, voluntary exposure is limited to levels that are presumably not hazardous Epichlorohydnn is a primary raw mate rial in the production of epoxy and other res ins Its vapor is highly irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract Pulmonary edema and kidney damage may occur Animal experi ments with 500 ppm for 4 hr, and 62 ppm for 7 hr per day for 45 days, both produced deaths in the test groups Inhalations of 16 ppm for 7 hr per day for 90 days produced some bron chial imtabon in dogs and monkeys Epich lorohydnn was also shown to be highly toxic when ingested or applied for 24 hr to the skin of rats and rabbits In man, liquid epichlorohydnn produces a transient burning sensabon on first skin con tact, which may lead to blistenng and deepseated pain within several hours The liquid is also highly untabng to the eyes Some cases of sensibzabon to small quanbbes of epichlorohydnn have been reported See Hygtentc Guide Epoxy resins are condensabon products of epichlorohydnn and bisphenol-A or other polyhydne compounds The resin and a hardening or cunng agent (amines, perox ides, organic acid anhydndes, amine adducts, boron tnfluonde amines, amides, and poly amides) are usually mixed at the bme of use The chief health hazard is the ability of the amine hardeners to cause deimabbs Although the cunng agents exhibit some degree of toxicity, greater effort is required to prevent local irritation or sensibzabon dunng handling than would oidinanly be required to prevent systemic intoxication by the most toxic of them Cured epoxy resins are considered to be relabvely nontoxic See Industnal Data Sheet 533 and Hy gtentc Gutde Ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is an extremely versable and widely used solvent When ab sorbed into the body, it is rapidly metab olized so that heavy exposure is required to build up a substantial eoncentrahon in the bssues Exposure to a high concentrabon of the vapor will produce imtabon of the mucous membranes, headache, nervousness, dizziness, tremors, fatigue, nausea, and loss of consciousness If the exposure is exces sive and repeated, it may produce damage to the liver Those not accustomed to alcohol will be uncomfortable after prolonged expo sure to slightly over 1000 ppm See Industnal Data Sheet 391 and Hy gtentc Gutde Ethyl acetate is a volable, flammable sol vent of low toxicity Animals exposed to 2000 ppm for long penods show either no discomfort or irritation of the eyes and dry ness of the mouth as the only detectable effects See Hygtentc Gutde Ethyl acrylate. Very little mformabon on human experience with ethyl acrylate has been published Animal expenments have shown it to be moderately toxic and highly lmtahng by several routes--the respiratory tract is the pnme route of absorpbon, although the skin also presents a route by which phys iologically significant amounts of the com pound may enter the body The odor of ethyl acrylate vapor, readily detectable at 1 ppm, is fairly strong and mod erately untabng at 4 ppm It is believed that most humans will not work at the recom mended maximal concentrabon of 25 ppm for any appreciable length of bme General venblabon should be used to control or re duce ethyl acrylate vapor concentrabons to acceptable levels A self-contained breath ing apparatus with full face piece should be used under severe exposure condibons such as would be encountered in moderate spills or equipment failures Because ethyl acrylate may penetrate the skin and cause dermabtis and possibly sen sibzabon, all skin areas should be protected against intermittent contact with the liquid Impervious clothing including gloves of rubber, neoprene or certain plasbcs should be worn and should be cleaned on both sides after each usage Because ethyl acrylate is a flammable liquid 1346