Document LpNGQ3jbNNabvaLGV45Kd4Og7

FILE NAME: Avondale (AVD) DATE: 197: DOC#: AVD DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: ZZWZZZZ Z^^Z^D^^ZZ ZD .. '. 6.' ooasz liJ RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR CONTROL OF ASBESTOS DUST .JN SHIPB~ILD!NG, SHIPREPAIR AND SHIPBREAKING ' Duncan A. Holaday, Chairman Ad-Hoc Committee Environmental Sciences Laboratory Mount Sinai School of Medicine of The City University of New York DRAFT January 18, 1972 PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT SBCA 5106 .' . I. Introduction Much of the equipment installed in ships requires thermal .insulation. Because of its desiiable and, in some cases in~ispensable, properties, asbestos is widely used as a component of insulating materials. Applying,' removing or handling insulation can produce airborne dust which con tam i na tes the workroom air. Ir.ha lat ion of as bes tos f i bers may cause serious disease in those exposed, Many studies have found that cases of asbestosis, lung ca~ce, and pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma have occur~ed following exposure to airborne asbestos fibers. These diseases usually do not become manifest until many years after first exposure. Cases of asbestos diseases have been reported in ~e~ who are not usually considered to be asbestos workers. Pipefitters, steamfitters, boilermaker~, welders and shot blasters, for example, may remove insulation in the course of their work. Members of these and other -crades who work 1n the areas .where insulation is being applied or removed are potentially exposed to airbqrne asbestos dust. Although these exposures are intermittent, they may be significant. Dusts other than asbestos, such as some fonns of diatomaceous earth, may also be important in producing pneumoconioses. However, less is known.of.the hazard which might 2 . be created by such exposures as occur in shipyard work. The general goal in all insulation work must be ~o eoh ' duct it in accordance with a control 'program which min- imizes exposures including those caused by brief peak episodes. Achievement of this goal is particularly necessary because of the uncertainties inherent In the present Threshold Limit Value (TLV) for a. sbestos which was adopt- ed primarily to prevent deve1opment of asbestosis. Studies of the mortality experience of insulators, how- ' I l ever, have shown that various fonns of cancer ara sig- nificant occupational diseases in this trade, Therefore, I the only prudent course is to reduce dust exposures by l ; I all feasible means. Measurement's of atmospheric concen- !l' trations of asbestos fibers can be used to identify ~ ' sources of contamination and to point out deficiencies in control methods. Primary reliance for control of ex- posures, however, must be placed on faithful observance of procedural rules. Although areas of responsibilities will differ from yard to yard, one responsible person, perhaps the indus- , trial hygienist, or the safety professional, should meet 1 with the work s~perintendent and the foreman to survey .the job before any v.;ork is started. The object of this survey would be:' ,to determine what dust prob1ems might be l : I created and to plan methods to control them. The report I'I ,' L! ,, 1 .j . 1 I . ...... I I JI 3 should be made available to the cost estimators as wel 1 as those concerned for the day-to-day 'NOrk schedule. Con- ! trols may increase costs but clean-up ~xpcnses may be re- duced, and contractors should be aware of the procedures which they will be required to foliow. Operations which generate large amou_nts of dust include: I. Rip-out of old insulation 2. Mixing asbestos mortar and dry ce~ents 3. Cutting insulation material either on site or in fabrication shops by hand or power tools 4. Blocking or hammering on block or pipe covering to seat material 5. Warehousing storage and transporta~ion of material . . 6. Clean-up and waste handling. Particular efforts should be made to control dust dispersion during these operations both to reduce peak exposures and to prevent general contamination of the atmosphere of the \'JO rk area. The fol lowing sections of this manual discuss in detail procedures which have been founq useful in reducing a tmos plwric cont.::imination by insulc'.)tion dusts, Thusc procedures have been assembled from research of our Laboratory and from several other sources, with_major contributions made by the programs developed at the Puget Sound and Long Beach Naval Shipyards. Additional information is given in ;; , o .; \! X 4 NAVSHIP INST 5100.26: Asbestos Exposure Hazards; Co~t;o1 of, of Feb. 9, 1971, which describes. ; the U.S. Navy di rectives for working with asbestos. II. Control of Asbestos-Containinq Dusts by Use of Substitute Materials Substitution of materials containing reduced p;oportions of asbestos or no asbestos at all, is becoming more co~mon in ship construction. Before a materia1 is .substituted for asbestos, certain points must be carefully considered. Fro~ a health point of view, one must guard against that which has happened in other environmental sit-. uations -- where in the desire to minimize use of a sub~ stance with some known hazard, an untested substance has been substituted which later turns out to be of the same o r g r ea t e r ha za rd. A second consideration must be: will meet engineering specifications and will quately under conditions of use. the new material it perform ade- Materials containing reduced amounts of asbestos have been used in the following applications: A. Fibrous glass for blanket and pad fill inQ Amosite blanket covered with asbestos cloth is a standard material for making valve and flange .... 5 ..,.\''r ' .: . I ' ' ' I I. I I l . I. 1 I..t l .. : ... j. . j . I l rt . _. I 1i . . l L I 1 pads, Substitution of the proper grade of fibrous glass as a pad filler not only reduces asbes~os dust during fabrication and 1 installation but also tends t?, lessen the problems during subsequ~nc ' ' . r i p - o u ' . t 11 , t,sbestos cloth vihich has been treated ' with a dust suppress~nt is available and its use should ,1s0 be encouraged. B. Pipe cot~ring and block with reduced asbestos content .' Ov:er the years the ~ , . s i 1 i ca te ma t e r ia l s have manufacturers been s te.nd i 1y of ca 1ci um reducing the percent_ege of asbestos fiber in their ma teri a 1. Seriou consideration should be g_iven to those products containing lower amounts of asbestos fiber. Several British firms have Jntroduc~d asbestos- free calcium silicate block and pipe covering. To date, however, this material has not been adequately evaluated in the United States to determine hmv it will pcrfonn in use. ScvercJl groups are actively working to develop substitute materiais and new products ~ay 9e expected. l 11. Reduction of Dust by Chanqes in Work Methods ln ~any:operations, changes in work practices will reduce dust ' dispersion very significantly. All of the pro- rI:~::;.~ ~--=.,. I I j - - ~ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - ~ . ., . _ , _ _..,.:..,.!-- . . . . ~ - - .-""'l,"'l"S,...__f"""t-._,..,._...,,;~.,.. . . . .,.~.:u~,-~>,.0:-"-."l""". . . . ,r.,,.v-".,_.':'"'"( ... '""',"""Cf~_,:"!l'H.,..;_,:..,..-WS._.,.r...,...,_-;'<,-- -- ..-- j 6 ~) cedu res d.i scussed in this section have been uti1 ized c:nd found to be effective. A. Mixing Asbestos Mortar This op~rat ion has u sua 11 y been done at the 1 job site. While the time spent fn mfxing rs quite i t 1 short, considerable dust is produced. A tested } 1 I method of control is to mix the mortar dockside in an exhaust ventilated enclosure and package the mixed mortar' in covered contai'ners for transporta- tion to the job site. Mortar is available packaged in several sizes of plastic bags which huve a spout through which water is introduced. Sufficient water is added to moisten the mortar; -after premixing, the bag is opened and the. re.'11aining water ad.ded. The carton in ..,.,hi ch the bag is packaged serves as a mixing box and waste container. Either of these methods minimizes dust dispersion at the job site. One commercially available package is i l lus1:rated in Figure 1. 8, Prc-cuttinq pipe covering and block in the ,fobrica t ion shop Hand-cutting of pipe covering and block should be kept to an absolute minimum, Bend sections, pipe cover lengths and blocks should be cut in the -. 7 e fabrication shop on exhaust-ventilated equipment. The procedure used at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard is shown in Figure 2. Cut sections are dipped in water in a 55-ga1 lon drum and then packed in pli,3.Stic bags v,,hich are 1aoe1ed to iden1:ify the iocation where they are to be used. This procedure insures that the cut sections are still damp and relatively dust-free when they are applied. Gore breakage is reduced and all parts of the bend are kept together. The plastic bags are also avoiiable at the job sites for use in collecting wastes. All blocks and pipe sections should also be dipped before application. Puget Sound Naval Shipyard has found that this procedure reduces dust dispersion by 50-60 per cent . . C. Pre-scoring blocks Insulation blocks should not be scored at the job site. Blocks which have been pre-scored by the manufacturer c~n be purchased, or standaid blocks can be scored in the fabrication shop using on ex- h~ust-vcntilatod g ng s~w. Pre-scoring In tho shops Insures good qu~llty control of scoring depth. D. _Insulating pipe assemblies in the shop Some pipe assemblies are quite intricate and are troublesome to lag while tn place. A satis- 8 factory method of doing these jobs, particulariy during ship repair, which is emp1oyed by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, is to remove the assembiy in conveniently sized sections and transport them to' the shop. The work is enclosed in an exh.Justventilated plastic tent, the old insulation re- moved, any necessary repair of the pipes performed and the assembled section re-lagged. Not only is dust dispersion red~ced, but it is much m~re con~ venient to re-lag the section in the shop than when it is place shipboard. Any insulation which is dDmwgcd uurin9 tronsport ~nd fi t:ting is rcp~i r0d after the sections are in place. Pipe sections too large to bring into the shop can be covered with temporary exhaust-ventilated plcistic enclosures ar.d worked on outside. E. Hand-cutting at job sites Some hand-cutting at job sites is unavoidable. However, dispersion of dusts by these operations can be minimized. Figure 3 illustrates a po,tabie down-draft table which is used by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard. This table has folding legs so it can be carried down companionways and set up conveniently to the \AIOrk. A sma11 industrial vacuum cleaner is the source of exhaust. Scrap is dropped fnto a plastic bag and a disposable plastic drop- I ! ( ..... 9 cloth is pl~ced on the deck under the equipment. Six mil polyvinyl chloride sheet is satisfactory. i Electrostatic charge on the sheet causes the dust to adhere to it. At the end of the shift, the sheet i!s' fo~ded up to contain the waste and placed in a pt'-astic bag for disposal. A smal 1 dm-m-draft table f'o,r use in cramped quarters can be constructed from a 'f f'Iive-gallon can. A screen is fitted over ' ' the op~n top and a tube so1dered to the side near the bottom. A small industrial vacuum cieaner is ~ ' I , attached to the tube. These procedures restrict , I hand-cutting work to relatively small areas, reduce J ' dust dispersion ~nd facilitate clea~-up. i F. Fabrication of Pads and Blankets Pads for valves and machinery should be fabricated in the shop whenever this is possible. Amosite has been largely replaced by fibrous glass fill in~ with covers of asbestos cloth which has been treated with dust suppressants. Figure 4 illustrates an effective means for suppressing dust dispersion. The fibrous glass bianket is unro11ed, dampened and re-rolled. This procedure insures that al] the.blanket will be dampened. The blanket and asbestos cloth shapes are cut in the lateral draft booth. Figure 5 illustrates another system  .. . :"', . , I I j. I. } J I l I I J I ! 10 for damperYinr1 pad material before cutting. As . there is no iateral draft booth in this shop; all i the operators wear respi raters. G. Housekee~lng ~nd Clean-up Es~entiul parts of a dust control program are hou~ekeeping and clean-up procedures. Meticu- -~ i lous ati~ntion must be given to measures for rel . stricti~g spread of dust and larger wastes. ' Figure 6 again shows use of a plastic dropcloth f I under a\:work area and vividly illustrates how much ' I waste wio;uld be distributed over the general area or to lower decks' if one were not used. Fi9ure 7 shows us, e of an industrial vacuumcleaner to col- I lect dust and small scrap. Areas should be c1eaned :up at the lunch break and the end of each shift. ln all possible instances, workmen should clean- up their own areas. Where 'Ork rules prohibit this, the clean-up crew shou1d be under the direction and supervision of the insulation fore~an to insure that proper attention is given to this important . subject. i I 1V. Reduction of Ousts by Use of Local Exhaust Ventil~tfon A. Ven ti 1ation of larqe power tools Band Saws Extensive use of band saws both in dockside fabrication shops and, on larger ships such as aircraft carriers, in the vessel itself, make emissions from band saws a mojor source of asbestos dust. Figure 8 shows the dust cloud which is produced by use of an un-controlled band saw. Con- trol devices for such saws have been known for years ar.c are relatively simple. Conventional low velocity, high volume systems using a negative pressure bag house for air cieaning are usually more practical in a fixed or portable fabricatioc, shop. A collapsible umbrella type hood attached to a 4" or 511 flexible hood can be positioned close to the work to increase effectiveness of the ,collection system. Figure 9 shoi\1S use of a simple device which is very effective in co1iecting dust produced during cutting of large diameter pipes. Because some degree of portability is required in ate~porary shipboard fabrication area, a high velocity, low volume dust collection unit is desirable for such use. In Figure 10, a bund saw equipped with this system is shov-m in use. In Figure \ 1, the table top has been removed to show the pick-up hood and duct. The air mover is an industrial vacuum cleaner which pulls air past the saw blade at a velocity ~f over 10,000 feet per minute. This system is a very efficient dust collector. Units such as this can also be designed to control dusts produced by table saws. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -__...,",__..,,Pi.,.,;."""''"'"'~'.,.,,.,.,...,.,,.,E,f'"'*'""'"""'""c.,.,--,,._.....,.n,....,,.--.,...'f"I'='.-...--..-..-......-- 12 Ii: ; B. Ventilation of Hand Power Tools High velocity, low voiume collection s:,ste.rns control dust emissions from most smal 1 power tools adequate- ly. Saber saws for cutting pipe covering and rotary saws for cutting asbestos cement board are wel 1 control led wi ~h these systems. Figure 12. shows a saber saw equipped with this system in use. It is apparent that little dust is escaping. Small industrial vacuum cleaners can be used as the source of exhaust. . V. Reduction of Oust by General Exhaust Ventilation In addition to use of dust suppression procedures, compartments and other enclosed areas will r.equire general exhaust ventilation to prevent the gradual build-up of asbestos dust in the workroom atmosphere. ihe exhaust must be discharged to the outside air through an air cleaner. A. General Exhaust Ventilation of Ship Compartments Large air movers (10,000 cfm or more} can be placed on the deck and large diameter trunk lines threaded through hatches. Smaller flexible ducts can be led from the trunk lines to the areas requiring ventilation. Provisions must be made for admitting maka-up air to the ventilated space in such a manner that air flow sweeps the compa rcmen t. The Manual of Recom11ended Piact ices for Ven ti la ~ion of Coating and Surface Preparation Operations which ,..,as prepared by the Shipbui1ding Depart- I I I l I 14 men supplied with proper protective equipment should always be used for rip-out work and it should be scheduled for rapid completion. VI I. Personal Protective fquipment In addition to dust suppression and dust contioi procedures, personal protective equipment is often necessary to reduce exposure and limit the spread of contamination. The equipment described below is used in control programs. A. Protective C1othing Protective clothing is required to prevent spread of contamination beyond work areas. one method is to issue disposable coveralls which can be removed when leaving the work area or some time prior to enter- ing the locker room and placed in plastic bags for dis- posal, A satisfactory type of protective clothing con- sists of resin impregnated paper coveralls. These are inexpensive, readily disposable, prevent spreading con- ! tamination to laundries and eliminate pilferage. They 1 arc worn for one shift, then removed and placed in pl~s~ tic bags for disposal with other asbestos-containing . wastes. These coveralls provide sufficient protection for all but extreme conditions. B. Respiratory protective equipment Even if dust suppression and dust contro1 procedures are used, some operations generate so much ;(~.I I . j, I ! I l .I i 1 J I ! i IS dust that it is impractical to maintain satisfactory atmospheric con~entr,tions of asbestos fibers and Yesplr- ! atory protection must be provided to the v.iorkers. A variety of respirators are available which are suitab1e for various situations involving exposure to asbestos.' lt is emphasized that unsati~factory amounts of respirable dust can be present in the air even though conditions are not visibly dusty. The fine particles which can be inhaled settle slowly and will r~~ain in the air for some time after dust-dispersing work has ceased and the air is apparently clear. Clarity of vision is not a good indicator of the absence of respirable particies . .. 1. Air-supplied Respirators Extremely dusty jobs, such as rip-out of old insulation where dust. concentrations are very high, require use of air-sup~lied respirators which will deliver clean, dust-~ree air to a facepiece or hood. Two general types. are available: air-line and self-powered. a. Air-1ine respirators in which air is supplied to a hood, helmet or facepiece give the greatest degree of protection. Air is fed to the facepiece from a compressed air-1 ine. The quality of the supplied air mus~ meet app1icab1e state or federal regulations. If the $Ource is not specifically designed for breathing .purposes, a temperature sensing a1arm io ..... j ... l\ .. ; l l l I I l 1 j l j I ( ',.\-f-:,~~'\ I must be !~stalled on the compressor or a carbon ' I monoxide ~onit0ring_dcvice must be Installed in the trr ~ i r-1 i ne . .' Anti - freeze compounds shou 1d not be i. -used in COillpressor system; water vapor must - bl? remove8by dessicants and oil mists be rernoved _ by a fi 1t~r.'\"ffr;/J~ 13-~h~~/ a~;':Jx;::/;f;;_'~ii;::~r._._J .. I . tic, dispf~able hood developed by the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for situations 111here a very high degree of;protection is required. This hood is : I available commercially. The air-line should be fastened to the hood with a quick-disconnect fit- .ting. b. Air-line respirators connected to a com~ pressed a_i r supply impose 1 irnitatrons on ii1overr,ent, and this ~imitation can be troublesome. Self-powered respirators de not impose such limitations, but do add to the equipment which the wo rkmar. must carry and also r.equire careful maintenance. Batteries must be recharged daily, filters replaced and other maintenance done routinely. Work~en usually prefer these devices to ai r-1 ine respi racers. 2. Particulate-filtering respirntors There are several types of particulate-filtering respirators. Those equipped with a half-mask facepiece are considered ~uitable for use by insulators. Only those approved for protection against pneumoconiosis and 17 fibrosis-producing dusts by the U.S. Bureau of Mines should be used. These devices are ,recommended for ~rotection in those situations where the atmospheric concentration of asbestos fibers is at relatively low levels. workmen will not wear respirators all of the time during which they are exposed and this fact must be taken into account v1hen -respirators are used to reduce exposures. All the recommendations for respirator-fitting, training I,,_ of vJOrkmen and maintenance, detailed in Z88.2-l97l should be followed. o:::..HA Jt,J c;.I. a. Reusable particulate-filterina respirators A variety of reusabl~ particulate-filtering respirators are available. To insure proper fitting, several different makes should be avail~ble from which the wcrkman can select one. No on~ mode1 respi rater facepiece wi l 1 fit a11 faces. Routine maintenance is absolutely necessary to replace clogged filters and leaking inhalation or exhalation valves. Poorly '?.intained respirators eroduce a fa1se sense of sc.c~1ri ty. b. ,Single-use particulate-fi 1terino rcspi rators Operation of an adequate respirator main- tenance program can.be troublesome and, if only a fev1 .... -----------------------.......-~,__.......,.,.,_----~- 18 ~ men are involved, impractical. Single-use respirators are available which are designed to be worn for no longer than one shift a~d then discarded. inherently, these devices are not as rugged as a ~reusable respirator and no attempt should be made to use them 1anger than one shift. A~ with any (espirator, a training-program is required to insure that they are properly fitted and used. VIII. Education and Training No dust control program can be effective unless workmen and supervisors under~tand the hazards associa~ed with the jobs, the sources of the hazards and ~he reasons for following recommended procedures carefully. Understand- ing is only obtained by education of personnel and training in correct operating procedures and changed work practices. For an education and training program to be successful; both management and labo~ must be concerned and participate. As with all safety pro9:rpms, it is essential that first-line supervisors be interested in and cooperate in the work. The program must be eval?ated occasionally and refresher training g ivcn. f.: I The harmful effects of neglect or improper procedures for control) ing asb~s,tos dust are not apporent for many years. i I Therefore, it is more difficult to convince workmen of the ;,. : 4 #4f !PS (:s.q:pc JW,~ Gdh~Pj'f. A,,.- - .. ! . 19 necessity of following rules for working with insulating ma terials than if physical hazards were involved. Ho\teve.-, those shipyards which conduct education! and training programs report good success. Education in hazards associated with use of insulating materials and instruction in correct ~JOrk practices should be included in apprentice training programs. For the time being, however, training and education must be done at the shipyards. This must be a continuing program and should include not only insulation workmen, but others who may occasionally work with insulation materials. '1 I , I 20 IX. Medi ca 1 Program Medical surveillance of the ,shipyard workforce is an essential part of the hygiene program. However, because of the long period (years) between onset of exposure and first evidence of disease, such surveillance is an unreliable guide to the efficacy of a control program. Abnonnal ities which might be found are evidence of the oversights and inadequacies of the past, while the suitability of current practice woi.ild only be reflected in the cl inical findings of even decades hence. This constraint makes al 1 the more necessary careful, constant, and diligent attention to all engineering phases of the hygiene probie~. On the other hand, a medical program can be of value to the workforce. Should abnormalities be found, appropriate treatment can be rapidly undertaken; in other instances, modification of work stress can be arranged. The special hazard of cigarette smoking can be reviewed with those men who have this habit (lung cancer seems not to be greatly increased among asbestos-exposed workmen except with such smoking history; they have a risk much greater than that of cigarette smokers in general). Also, there is some avidence that lung scarring also is exaggerated with smoking .. While the medical program may vary with circumstances, it should at least include chest X-ray, blood count to el iminate anemia, pulmonary function estimation ( a simple vital capacity test, easily' and rapidly done, usually suf- fices), clinical examination of the lungs, and a careful -------- ----. ..! I .. ,. I l i ' . I . -- ---------~--....._; ____ . --------------------... --~-.. --- ---- - 20a review of pertinent symptoms. Examination once a year suffices 1for the younger men (with less than 15 years in the trade); after this point, examination every six months is preferable, especially for ' men with a history of cigarette smoking. 2i X. Waste Control Wastes must be collected and disposed of promptly to prevent dispersion of dusts throughout the work aiea. Some . . . recorm,end~tions for colle.c:ting and containing ',,.;ast:es have been given in preceding sections. Additional measures for hantjling and disposing ~f wastes are listed below. 1. A11 used ('i1 tcr:i from vcnti lc:1ting, dust co11ccting or cleanin~; equipment should be treated as asbestos wastes. I ; .. I i \ 2. Wastes sho~d be contained in plastic bags or other imperviouJ containers for handling, stock piltng .. ' and/or trahsportation. '. ,1 Wastes sho:u',1d not be permitted to accumulate, but i I should be taken to the final disposal site ~s soon as possib1~~ Final disposal should be in accordance with appl i'cable regulations. I I 4. Exposures of waste handlers should be evaluated and, if indicated, they should wear respirators. : l .. XI Proccc:lures for evaluc1tion of atmosQ_h_eric concentrations of asbc5tos dust Air sampling procedures and laboratory methods for evaluating samples should confor.m to 'fuose specifie_d in U.S. Dept. of Labor regulations. ; ... I;:. , ! c::;i '--------------------------------------- Shipyard Mam.1a l Figure 1 High temperature mortar, packed )n plastic i bag. Water is added to bag through spout - and mortar moistened before opening. The moistened mortar is removed as required and mixing completed in shipping container. All wastes are placed in container and sent to disposal at end of shift. f Photo courtesy Insulation Industry Hygiene .j. ' Prag ram. ' . \ I I ~ . I i I ' I I ! I i I'I .. ,' I ! , . Shipyard Manual F.igure 2 Procedure used at Puget Sound Naval Shipyard for handling bend sections. Sections are cut in fabrication shop, dipped in ~1c1ter and placed in plastic bag. The bag is then labelled with the job-site desciiption. j t I ! . ,I ; ;:I I ., ,,..' .iI i 1 I \ ' l } I \ I l l I '.-.~..( ' l j I- i . I I1' j G . ' :,1.'.~ > I ,, Il= . i I . . : .. '.; t '-4 i . ... y t ~ , t I ' . r i : '., ( I .. ~- ' i ' j .... ~ ' . ., ,I . t I I . . . .. i. ~ ..: . li : lI I I i I l1 I I I Ship.ya rd Manua 1 Figure 3 '.. I (.' ; do~vn-draft table developed byPuget So~~d Naval Shipyard for use shipboard. t . Light weight industrial vacuum cJeanei used 1 I as fa'.i r mover, Note plastic bag for scrap . and. ,1dropcloth, on deck. . ; ., ... . . ,. i 'i ) . .' . . . . .I . ' ...... . ;; . : . .. Shipyard Manual . Figure 4 oampening fibrous glass blanket fUler before cutting. Note lateral draft hood in which .' i fabricadon is done. This proce~ure .i,s used at/ Puget i . ! I i: ; ,l. fr Sound Naval Shipyard (.' ;' .. ' I 1 I ! I I ~ ! ,. j : I' .,. . ~ !,______________________-,,.~ ~"'!"!'".\~.': >'":-:"'~-!'.''.".:.!"':',':<','!'~.--_':':,..~. '"'.'<~.:.~A:.~-.~..~~~~'.,".!"-~:~~~t ,t~ " .l'. ~.J:,'":"':=<'.-.~:~ ~ :" ..,...---.u ;, ~ ,"':",;'.-':_-~~":"'.":':.;~:>;:?"=,. ~ .Shipyard Manua 1 0 Figure S Fabrication of pads at Long Beach Naval Shipyard. fibrous glass filler is dampened :before cutting. As no lateral draft hood is available, all operators wear respirators. .]..I . . ,. I ... .~.r...,.. .., , , I .!l :, j ... i I I I Ii . Shipyard Manual f igur"e 7 Use of small industrial vacuum cleaner fo, clean-up. Photo courtesy.of ruget Sound Naval Shipyard ........-.. .... ....,. ...- \' .. ' ~ . .--' . :. : : .. . . , ,, . .. . ... : .. i.. : .. -::: , . ' ., .. ..... : ' .. . . \ ' : . ... . ' ... : . ~ . ., ~:~-:~:~\;: . . _. ,. .' ... .. ._. -.~. . . ... ..... .-;,:,:.._.'.... .~ _' ., ..-.. ,.. . ' .... -.::.., . ' . . . , ...... . ' ', ., ... '.. ' : - .... , ... .. Shipyard Manua 1 Figure 8 Dust produce~ by use of an unventilated band saw. Without theback lighting used her~, much of the dust would not be vis i bl e. Photo courtesy Insulation l"ndustry Hygiene Research Program. - ... .. . l :. . . : ,' . "':' . :.: ' ' ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..,..__.......,_~-_.i._ . _......,._,.._.,-..,,...if..1.-.'""',,..-......- r-............,<~-'.'-.;:.,..,.,.......,.-~.-..--.- . . . ~.:,r,,~-=--l'"OA/or:,- ..,.,,..,...-,.....,.......,,, ,......,.- Shipyard Manua 1 Figure 9 Oust cot lection system for cutting 1 .02~ diameter pipe sections. Air is exha ~t:d from the end of the pipe fctrthest fr -,, 1:t:2. cut. .''t ! . ! ' I ! i i , l I j ......,....~.,.,. I i I '! ,I.. I,. i '.!,,,. Pho.to courtesy lnsuiation Industry Res'ea rch Prog ram. ,:_ : ' I T1: ; ... .. i . ', Ski i pya rd Manua i Figure 1O Cutting pipe wit'h oand saw equ!pped with high-velocity, low-volume exhaust syste~. Compare dust produced with that shown in .Figure 8. Photo courtesy Insulation Industry Hygiene J Research Program. ..' ;... . . _, , .. ......;. J r. ... .' \. '. ; i I ! .j 1 r j ll 1 : } i I i I r1 j l I .., I j I 1 I l-~~I I ,._,..~., )i . - Shipyard Manual Figure 11 Dust collection port and duct installed on Forrest band saw whose use is shown in Figure 1.0. Duct connects to Hoffman in dust r ia l vacuum c 1ea ner. Photo courtesy Insulation Research Pro9 ram .. .. : . : ... Industry Hygiene . . : . ..... ..-.... .. .._ :~ , ;/ '. , . '. ; 1 , . ... . '. '.', '' , ' ,1 I I I . : '. ' ... . ,\.. ... . '., . : : '. ~:,. :' w ..... ', I ". ." ; : .. : ',,. . . . ._., . . . . ,: . ' . . ' -. .... ~' .. ' ' . : ., ... di; Soh i pya rd Manua J Figure 12. Sab~r saw equipped with'high-velocity, low-volume exhaust system. j. ' ,lt ' Photo courtesy Insulation Industry Hygiene Res.ea rcb Program. I ! I. j j ... I .,. . ~ - , 1 i . ., .. I I; I(. . ''j ~ --------------------.-.-----:--..--.-.:--,......,.,.,..-.,.,...,_-----.....,......-.,.....,.~ Shipyard Manual . I F.igure J3 Air-supplied plastic hood developed Puget Sound Nava i Shipyard. Covera l ,: are pulled over inner bib which hold~ the hood in place tightly. This, or s imi 1a r equipment, is required for si :::n . operations as rip-out of old insulat;~~- -~ ..... . . ' '! . . ' .. '. . ....... . '. ' . . . . '' . ': .~ ....... . . . ;.' "". ' .. -, w -, _______________________ ___ ..,... ____ ......, ~_.,....,._,: "', ....,, .. -. . ... . .. - . ' ' ' ' .~ ,. -. """: . '