Document LpN7pJDYvB2EQo3vvvDvyVbBz

;\ A .x.x' "u r. 's. \ X. PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT WV-QS8S2. PLAINTIFFS EXHIBIT; KAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT . ./ . II> [ , << , - s' > . .. ..... .* /> ^.ACafcN.SUHM&ASSOaATES ' * - MAGNESIA [NSULfiTiON!* 'if 0': ja v-Vy.*; -> ` 'Mw .. IB < .. CB H s l'Sii#ipS8if:liiifliplii --"* * *s' wrm :m m-' ^ ....................... .*i-- WV-05852 , ..J. ': V4 'u (WHO STATE COLLEGE PocaleJIo, Idaho : v.1* iy '; .*' \a' - ;* (1'<i<!;. 7. ' <- .1'' 'V*..v\ , < --------------------------------------------------------------- <-~S IDAHO STATE COU-EGE LIBRARY j i. i./ v>U- -l V */*>. . O/ rf Hov&rd 0: Hiller Wl * ''a % *. *OCATELL0t IDAHO . . . teu CO ILL. ! ! ... j i i i i 1 r 1 I Date,Due P i~ 1 1 < . i l1 I ! i fI 1\ jj t! 9 i t* v. t l d/1 i i 1n m: m 5% MAGNESIA INSULATION MANUAL LIBRARY IDAHO STATE COLLEGE Pocjsello 2nd Edition hGv. .-.RD C. J.r(`LLE ' , A" P- Published by THE MAGNESIA INSUIATIOH MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION Washington, D. C. I 1- t Permission to reproduce cr.y penUrn of this publi&etic*, aerating mettrisd tf^initd ui:h the pcemtem c( <*h* publishers, U hereby evthomtd. provided end* is *** to The Me-mestc 7>vulron bicnufactu'cn Ajjoricrw Xecagr.i:cd "pubVx*'#TM d*fin*i cepi of the OWetioni may ebtoin them 0* rj^uw. Permission to reproduce eny portion of inis pobltsotior., exccpu'nr meteria) teynnled tciih thr yt-mizsiefi of cine- publtthen, is krrehy eushonstd, provided credit is p*cn 10 The Magnetic Injvlcnon kiani/fastumi /asonct*on. Recognizee! yjbUsaticns desiring copies of the iTr^rt'crtcns may obtain them on teguetf. IIERAKV IDAHO STATE CCO.SG2 M.K.M.A. The Magnesia Insulation Manufacturers Aisoclation -- MIMA--wis formed in 194-S by producers f Soft Magnesia thermal insulation., Its objectives are to contribute to greater production economy in industry through the encouragement of research and education os beat insulation materials and their application, embodying product improvement and eval uation, fuel conservation and engineering practice. la. 1949, the Association published and distributed tbs first comprehensive manual on &5$> Magnesia thermal insulation. Since that time, new* information of interest to aU users of the manual has become available, and some of the original mate rial is no longer in accord with current insulating practice. In this second edition of the manual, the contents have been brought up to date in every respect. In addition to the manual, tbs Association publishes a quarterly bulletin, MIMA NEWS, reporting current develop ments and uses of S55t Magnesia, This is available to anvooe interested. Case histories of insulation applications in various fields also arc available. ASSOCIATION MEMBERS The Philip Cseey Manufacturing Company Ebret Magnesia Manufacturing Company Johns-Manvil!e Sales Corporation Eeasc*,' <4 Maftisor. Company Muadet Cork Corporation Pabco Products Incorporated THE MAGNESIA INSULATION MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION m7 niem. .w. Vi'ASHJKCTOK *. 0. C. 57664 t J. Process industries, wish mezes erf outdoor piping and equipmtm, iely o* $$?< Magnetic end tts companion p*odt*a. dialcmacccus eihes criiicaf operating tcmper&sv*es. con serve fuc(, protect personnel, reduce fire hazards, end insulae e^u{ptww against fire dsm^gf. ,, jfc* S 3T 3J t TABLE OF CONTENTS Pogr Ne, M.I.M.A. <<( ........... .................................................... 'Magnesia iNsutAtsoN .........................v~ '; 'v . 1 . .. 7 _ <---.-- ~ "DfftcJ'* Air A-Aft IniwIcJpr =''*,Ch*m5cel Q"^fhy**eS S*cK*ue ef 85*4 Mo$rf*Tp- * ,.L- '"Com1iihin initiation PfT*i?eJ Properitt * Inx/ioHon for We> Condition* fir* Remtoncc &ec of Application De*>gn C*d*retln> Co^wiofmo cone*5eot Tbt<kne . - ^ :* . > - APPLICATION PROCEDURES ' *"* INSULATION OF PIPING pipe j Pa<cll?f Pipes Fittingi eftd Vo!v Fingi JNSUtAYiON OF EOUlFMgST We>f.tooled furnace Welt* St>om Dfwms ond D'oto Meodl Sieom Head*'* end Do-'nscmer tybei Duct*. Betching* end flei Twfbin#* .. Heo'et\ ond *>chong*t* Vjset* .... .... Routing Equipment and Eejulpmen! SubjtcJ * Subjton'i? EipcM'pp. ' INSULATION FlNtfWcJ ............ Polled Conros J&elet Se*ed Cortro* Jociet Aibestoj Cement fmiih ..... Aip^olt'ScSwro'ed Abe>io* {Roofing) fM Plotils Weatherproofing * Roffro^ob/f Pont) Finbh *t Aibeito* Cteih fmiB . MAINTENANCE APPENDJX - HfAT TRANSMISSION AND INDUSTfilAi JKSUUTlON BEHMTtQfs'S OF 7KHMCM 7f*M& TABLES . TRADE NAMES Of 85*4 MAGNESIA AND DlATOMACfOUS SfUGA INSULATION SYMBOLS Of SUPERIOR INSULATIONS GLOSSARY Of TRADE TERMS SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY . .... . .................................................... tmsK ... . .. ... 7 V .9 TO *n ................ 12 12 .................. 13 .................... 13 U U T7 17 1? IP 7t 32 * 2* 2d 27 25 2? 30 3* 35 35 3d .. . . 37 35 35 39 AC i0 A3 84 AS 50 48 49 70 71 72 a Wherever there is heat... 2. . . , Mognesic conserves it in the pip ing on*? e^utprncm c*> most pubtier utiUtt} pouter pier.;s ... 4. - -. Uo&nesio ir.ru- lose.t -pcrtA.tr plants of great sea-going vessels . - , 5, . . . 555c re duces fuel costs for schooh ...end huspUalt, hotels, office buildings, apcriment houses, and other struc tures. 5*?5V MogOfjic jnsv?0fiO>i pbys a pen in ecenj prod uct or service oj modern life. W'hcrtiter there is heat, there is e place for $5*>c Magnesia. 85% MAGNESIA INSULATION As a footnote to ia.rulirian history, rbs developmeat of S56 Magnesia is generally credited to a Philadelphian its tbe iSSO's. It is significant tba? the Fbtlsdejpbiao had chroaic stomach zreuble, and also that he was is the insulation business. To case bis pains, he used to eat pieces of magnesium carbonate, which u-as iriOHu at that time only lor its medicinal property*. By chance ooe day he left a solid block of bis medicine on top of a hot stove, Upon return ing. he was surprised to End the top of the block quite eool, although the aide in contact with the rove was much too ho? to touch. The &</ssibihlies of tbe matexial were c)ear to him immediately, but be also knew-that the heavy, chalky mineral would have to be mads lighter and rjsager. This he proceeded to attempt, carrying out a number of experiments over a period of years. Success came in 1856. when be was granted a patent on ao insuUt* Ang material composed of magnesium carbonate with a Sbfous binder. Thus, Hiram Hanmore developed a new thermal iavulalioa which was eventually to become the most widely used product in its field. Manufacturers soon standardized os> the camp> sition of the new product, using not less than 857* basic carbonate of jnagmesis with asbestos fiber as the binder. In use, its name was quickly shortened to "857* Siagnesta." Although thss story tells us tovWf So % Magrxuia thermal insulatine is, it does not explain it* remark able properties. And it fails, of course, to briug his tory up to date becjyjf todav's 55 7 Magnesia bears about as much resemblance to Hiram Hanmores product as a modem ceoceal po^er starson does to the first Edison station in f%*ew York-where, by the way, magnesia inrulaooa was used. In the "0cdd years sinoe Hiram Haamore pro* doced the firo magnesia insulation, much has been learned about the chemical and phvjical natu/e of the material, and over that snan thu knowledge has been appked to product improvement, Today, 57* Magnesia {< much lighter is density, and has better insulating properties, than its 1S$6 prt>tor>^e. Tbe changes have takes place as new {aboratoy tech niques azxf equipment have been developed, and as more knowledge k*s been accumulated about tbe theory of thermal issulafioa. "DEAD" Al* AS AN INSULATOR It is well known that to be ecectivc an insulating a<enai ifioaH curjuin a high proportion of dead air space. In simple terms, dead air means total sbseocc of cor.vectioa. Dead air spaces should be very small, Bvmcrous, and cnrrt.!y disidbwed. \r> many insulating materials the air spaces are formed mechanically, u to products made from laminated paper or fehed fibers. Airspaces made mechanically a/e Urge enough to be seen bv the unaided eve and. because of their size, are lejatively few in number. Just the opposite is true of Magnesia. In it the air spaces are microscopic, and are uniformly dis tributed. 7 7. KonnoJ ectboncte crustch in y/foctus of *rprom{ngm Tplttrouia! units of bcsis co?bc*vee of nvjn*nc. B CHSMtCAt AND PHYSICAL STRUCTURE magnesia TorooTiTfHsMotherwayC?blocfrof&$7e Mag'ui-s&TggezFftobc k hir&,.io'f2 material However, LCtypf^al.cdic*fob,. eigiS'Ssdyl'abobt 12 lbs. Ye! chemistry books.say that a cubic 'foof of solid cu^* ie^ium carbcmawnlibuJcr^eigb-ISO lbs, over 10 times as much. The difference in '"eight is due to the fact that a cubic Too! of 855c Magnesia contains only about 10 per cenl solid material by volume. The other SO per coat is air, The uausual ability of 555v Magnesia to retard beat transmission is directly related-to f pineal composition. Only recently has it been possible to "see" this by the indirect method of the electron microscope. Under the extreme magniffcatioa pos sible with this ae" laboratory tool, the basic physical structure appears *s a mass of spheroidal crystals. It is evident that a material of this nature could not be produced mechanically, but must be the resuit of chemical change which also brings about physical change. That is exactly what happens during the manufacturing process. Carbonate of magnesia, before oon4rsfoc ixto the basic carbonate form, exists as a mass of aedie*Uk crystals. Those crystals have ad average leogth of about one- or two-thousandths of an inch aoi a durneser of about two teD-tboussodths of an sndi, about one.rteoCb (lhe diameter of .a hunuo hair, lathis fbr&,!irboM!esof magnesia is unstable. When 'heat is applied; crystals gfye up some of tbea* i. c*arbo4n'dioxide-. ? *.&iy.*^ , * .'S ' \ v - As this takes place,. change in structure ai occurs. Each needle crystal `'grows" maay spheroidal crystals cf baric carbonate of magnesia. Under cbe coatanoed application of boat, the process goes on until the needle crystals have been entirely converted into the basic form of smaller, spheroidal crystals. The crystalline structure, which even under 10.0X magniScafloss is hard for the untrained eye to Iden tify, creates tens of thoosaods of minute air pockets per cubic inch and pVes $S# Magnesia its kzz msulisng value. MOLDED FORMS S57c Magnesia is molded msulation hi use on all hot sv-dacej having lemperarases vp to SCO F. h is maniiiacfurec in semi-cylindrical sections for use on ploiag and in curved segments corresponding t the Outside diameter of larger pipes and vessels. Toe seroi'cs'liodrical form is called sessional insuladr- 20. Sectional %$% i/og*suJ pipe insulation is produced in 0 wide range of thick nesses and diameters to fs standard pipe sizes. AVu.* simplified thicknesses permit noting /or double-laycr construction. Curved scgm*n.*i arc available for larger pipes. the curved form segmenicl insulation. It is also made in the-form of blocks for application to Eat or slightly curved surfaces, and ia ground form for us* ns an insulating cement &5 Magnesia pipe insulation is made in simplified thicknesses to permit the use of doubled*yer construction ia ail pipe sizes and thici* nesses since the outside diameter of the pipe insula tion is approximately the same as'that of stiodaid steel pipe. Various sizes and thicknesses of pipe to* jsuUnon are sho^a in Table I, page 50 - 22. Blocks of &5T Magncsic iwulfliion (end dicfomeceour stiice) crc produced in two lengths, four utidrhs, end-c inidr rengc of thicknesses. COMBINATION JNSUUTJON 5% Magnesia is used to insulate surfaces up to approjimatelv 500 F. When surface temperatures are above 500 F, it is the practice to use an, inner layer of diatomaceous silica high temperafureiesufa. tioo composed of diatomaceous silica, mineral fiber and inorganic binders, U is molded in the same forms is Magaesa. and has & lesjp^nruj- jerv- Jce rjge up to l9Xt F. &5$S MsgsesU is y**? hr (the outerJeyer. ;V.'T.' " j-_.. When!" *jajenijsjdt* ug -applies60s .is -cilled/'9^2Koo"; _ diatoouceour silicaU applied to die bo;* surface In juScieof thickness to seduce the tcraperarure it its outer surface to 6C0 F or fewer. Tix Gombinadoc totai dtictoess usod is jo accordance ?th ^ desired insulating results. This double-layer eo&scnjeOCa cScrtvely utilizes the higher bftt*re*irAoee of dia- 7?ruceou/ r&ca as *"011 as the fewet thermal con- dotbvtty of S5?s Magnesia, . ' ^ Cocabicacfen iandateoa wish nag^red feint con 'sSvcSoo a^servnHb^rev^ot'J&iAttopenSB^s due to tbe*jnhsioa of hot pip&g or equipment This do! oaly avoids belt losses from exposure of bot saetal surfaces at the feints uith possible aeorchiflg of can vas jackets nr other finishing materials but also pro tects against a possible 6re hazard. v 22, Combination insulation uri:h inner lever of duzomaceoxa sdico end enSer leuer oj &5% Mcgn&ne produces desired h*cz? saving on p^png pf any*%oeforepWingtemperaJure* over 635 r. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Average figures for thermal conductis-r^* (k fac* tor) and density of SS7c Magnesia inpuhi--a are as JoUou's: Dertfity. lb per cu ft ., . Therma? coocucnviry, Sns in. per h- pe,* F. U sq fr me*a temp. ICO F..................... 0.S5 200 F..................... O.iS 3C0F.... ................... 0.C 4C0F. . ........... 0*5 These figures are suitable for all general calculations. For specificates values refer to current ASTM and Federal specifications, S5C< Magnesia Is a structurally stable material it does no*. deteriorate w,th age, oor does it shrink sigaificatj-Jy Or distort regardless of the length of jisse it is exposed to beat. Tee snug fit and tight joints of a good installation ate therefore retained. SS ?< AfagneWa is durable, h can u)isrand an appre ciable amount of compression and the mechanical abuse cormaffv encountered, Moisture sod conden sation do not cause it to disintegrate. Heat savings % have remained eoarttu: for more daaa SO vexn is many ttiscaitiOons. fWSlfUTfON FO* WT CON&ITlONS .To w>t the deccaads for aa insulation which would have special resistance to water damage intho event o! flooding of \xjde?gn>uod cooduits containing insulated hot Uses and other Severe wet ooadi tioas. tfce Association and to members developed water resistant magnesia insulation. <r-- 14. I>jrce? iVnpfngcmen/ cf 2JXC F feme produced Only email mrjcoc er&eJur in S39e Afognesns, proving fstc rejvRence. J5. Bering lacier lest of u-oset rifwr magnesia in sulation intend oT5 hours o/ inXerrnittcn: immerjian tc'i'A ms e<: on ins%As:>ng r#ec:ii*n&ts. Water resistant magnesia insulation wax found by tie Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory to be "highly re?is* Ca-nC to eiisintcgrstioa under rej cuodiMons 0/ ecn> tinuous steam Sow whiJc immersed in boiling wsttt` This insulation was applied to a svartrfard prpe<%* ing stearn up to 140 psig. immersed in boiling water for 7 hours, then dried for 17 hours, and the cycle repeated 50 times, This was followed by ao *ddi tionaJ ISS-bour period of immersion, after which tht test results were summarized as /oUo^s: *A2J tr pieces were letact. Surfaces were considerably rougher than original insulation. joints were firm and in good condition, Js'o appreciable shrinkage at joints and no cutting in of bands." fiftS RESISTANCE Since S5% Magnesia is eottrelv mineral, ft w& neither bum no: suonon combustion. 7ts have shows dzst riM ftbeo exposed to a JCOO T Saeit, the SssuhRM remains bun and pro%*ices protection of xy.nmz and ccuipcieoc. fa 3 major fire at a 2a/ge ebecticaj plant, piping aad equipment iasulared with &5T Macorsia and subjected to several hours o: toreisr best and hose nreams were virtiial'y undam* aged- Similar equipment without insulation was vere:V damaged. 2S. hotfire in ohomied plant faded to damege equipment iMjioted u:iih&S% Afogncna. I'nmrCteed equipment epur destroyed. 12E EA.SE OP APPLICATION Mtgtiesi* is the preferred iorui-tioo of inor. xkMed msuiatioa mtbiacs.;li iTe^sv Jo cqj and fit. von-' malleable despite its resirtappe to epmprpMioo.., and*o5e*s C^arijd t5TSE poft3naa..rw nnjc%ptl~3 racnglb 6,'s\icii*ot,td:viijaBfe'*ftreru6us handling on diScuh job*; and St require?onlv fetirinal pferiaur~ tions la shipping, storing aD'd bantUing. 28, Readily cuj end feted, 85Tc Magnesia is noted for ease of application. }?. /n adduujn to cor^eruing htc;, 85Te Afognei-ii erbe? Kiuibfe/unariOrtj xueft as helping to main* tain urmjorzabu uxrrhoom temperatures in this laundry. eauipmeat should alio*' svncieat clearance for the application adc maiotensoce of l&swseian h^x^-eca uaiu of equipment and beru-*n the oqujprseot and ec-vctural elements e: lie building. DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS The preman* hwctfoa of them*} iasulztioa & !o conserve heat and save fuel. It St important that care* fvj) judgment be exercised in lie selection of initiat ing: materials and in tie specification of proper thsokiesses. J.* itequelly knponaa: that sound appli cation methods be employed, and that protection and maintenance be given props? attention. Insula*Ios serves .warn- .purposes oiier than eonjeniug heat. )t is essenSal to proems temperature control, it helps maintain comfortable temperatures in enclosed areas containing hot equipment; it pro tects personnel frombeing burned, h protects against Ere orhte damage, and it prevents undesirable con* dentation in hot fiues, ducts and other equipment. There and other purposes of insulation should be considered in the planning and engineering of all types of sirvcryres and c^uipmeni. .Advance consIderalion of the insulation requirements will simplify conttmction, and result in a more efficient aud longer-lived inrularion. The design and placement of hoi piping and J5. H'Aile boric design should place insulated piping Ofcucy pom traffic locations when possible, uncuoidcbU etrposwes mot/ be prelected from mechanical damage by mecaS jocifis. 19 i i In cases where support for insulation, suds u angles, will be required, or where anchors or bands and wire* securing insulation indicated, tie equipment manufacturer or mechanical contractor should be oodSod so that they m*y be added at tie most erpedieot time tad place. li insisted equipment tod piping should be located where they cm be damaged by material han dling equipment such as chain ioirts or lift trucks, the insulation should be covered with sheet eul or other protective jackets. Technical advice and assistance can be obtained from either the producers of 57* Magnesia or from any of the major insulation contractors applying SS% Magnesia insulation. Insulation eegioeenintbeS5 Magnesia industry can assist in preparing spcziSss- tioas, recommending proper thickness, insulating for critic*? tetaperaftsra ooaaot. or devising application methods for unusual equipment or conditions. Be* cause of their rotov years of experience with S?i Magnesia, contractors have developed special knowl edge and skills in its application. tx is evident that two factors. the annua? cos: a! the heat lost through the icsulatioa and the aaauM cost of the iosiddOos ksell% will \wy u?th respect to each other as thickness varies. While the anneal cost of the insulation increases with thickness, the cost of the heat lost decreases. The economical thick ness is therefore found where the value of the rum of the two costs is at a minimum.* This is illustrated graphically below. CALCULATING ECONOMICAL THICKNESS Toe economical thickness of insulation for a given set of conditions may be calculated exactly, and be cause it is frcQueotly advtsable to do so, the method is explained aarf illustrated here. To tables ot rccorr* mended thicknesses, the variables which enter into the calculation have ootessasOy been averaged to make them valid ioi relatively wide temperarerr ranges unde/ average cooditiooi. However, the ecorwmicaj thickness for a given temperature is always a special case. The following information is required: Annual hours of operation Bale ot insulation arnenticotion Cotr of heat production per mil* /ion Btu Bate of heat loss through tnrute- tipn in Btu per hr Operating remprvarvrc Applied cost of insolation per linear ft Pipe size, u;hm opp?icaW The catenation is atm&S oul iff several steps. It applies equally to auctionaJ or block insulation. J9. Economised thickness of insulation. From '}feas Itcnsfa Thtouck Insulator, in the Moderate end High Tcrnpcictvtc Fields," by L. S. McMillan. In the formula y = n -f n. y is tie sum of m, the annual cost of the beat loft, and a, the annual eoft of the insularion. To obuio a, multiply the applied cos? of the insulation per linear foot by a percentage for tsm/aJ -sec cburges. To obtain ro. multiply the hi loss per linear foot (from Table MlA, page 56) fev the anneal hours or aeration; then mulotily this product by the cos; of heat per "million flw. Total yearly cos*, (v) is the sum of tn and a. A good rft. approach is to Sod a trial thickness by the rule of thumb which uses Vc of nssulation for each ICC degrees F of operating tetopertOirs. It y is tbeo determbed for several other tbjekeesses. pules sod lesser tbsa the trial thickness, compara* five yearly con figures will be available. The lowest /otrl annual cos? fy) indicates the most econoffuc thickness. The following: example using assumed costs of applied insulation illustrates e typical calculation: 14  X AM Pi E .tbe economic tb/ekoeo of pipe insxiltSoo to be applied to a $ la: . r -- stgam-pipe *t-4001^-;wiQ>'yertg air tcmfsuhirc of BO' FV The annual fixed -... : Sj)plje<fTniu|*t3.0D .costs are assumed (representative cosu-sbculd*;W.uae<Js.|qr; K ** "' case); ...................... '* 1 in, eemino! 2 2V> 0 $0.71 p*r 13b fi 1.00 1,37 1,70 2.06 Utw/heatB\nsmi$sidm|or555 Magnesia piptflhsuUtion'erpressed" is Btu per linear foot per boar for various temperaturejlilierencta listwl in Table VJJ.A ia ' the appendix. For Jin. 85Sc Magnesia: Step A-Annual cert of beat)oss per linear fool of insu)atec pipe = uai: beat traas* mission (from Table 00, Page ) x annual bows of operation x cost of beat =: J2S x S.76Q hours per year x 50.40/10* as $0,432 per year. Step B-Annual cost of insulatioa per linear foot of pipe ss applied cor. per linear foot of insulation x Bxcd charges per yen- ss 40,72 x 20 ss 90.071 per year. Step C-Toul yearly cos: (y ss m *f> o) ss $0,432 (annual beat loss cost-obtained in Step A) -f SO.OTi (annual insulation astt--obtained a Step 3) := 50.S23 per linear fool. Simtfaj afeu/atfoss hr the other aratable thidcaesses give the following results; !?. 1% 2 3% 3 |iv7* fc/k.' 129 96 SS 71 65 AVM M3 .8-n .701 .622 .$69 Hroi Lou Co*i >11* h/y--S .452 .336 .760 229 .229 Toiot Ibb. Co<t/(r* h-*l ,71 1.00 1.37 170 2.0$ Io. Chorve/yr--4 .071 .100 .537 .170 .20$ The economic thickness in this example would, of course, be 2 in. C!/Jin b/j' Hi. & Ira,^4 .523 .436 ,117 .459 .436 The thickness of insula:ion for a hog stesa line will depend upon die quantity' and condition of rteaxn required at the <Je)jveiy end of tie line. Other factors such as process temperature control, pscver,:iD Cacxwive temperature rise is wording areas, or pe/soascl protection v-SJJ sometimej take precedence over eeonomio considerations in deter* mining insulatjoo thickness. 10 APPUCATiON PROCEDURES .Maximum heal conservation aad durability dcpeod upon the use o/ propci appliesiioo procedures, home eootraesors and large users of-ks'ularioa have de\etopd their <r*n application tcchaiovei which, though the'' vuv somewhat horn those described here, may be preierjed fo; the eircu.*zLyt*oces iovoJvcd. - 'The. aopbeauen peccedurcs- discussed here repre* sea? more or less standard techniques which have proved sscsiactory over a period of many years. 20, Appliedions of 85% Mdgruufct pipe insvbxHffn are made eerily, bok neat etrvi clean, tart as long as the p*pmg te MSUlATiON OF PfP/NG the case of oeptiorally. long vertical lines, y. a seU<yuQaz , wheret 'insulation*weigghott iu* a"ffactor, aflairtaonai gru^pp-. pstt may he_|7vaD.to iff nunlatisnjyjagles or other yj&4'uCoi wougfyjrpk |?$S h~fegj>ei JvTbTpg :<roe4w';"l; *u' "". u supJfo^TVTth a ~ factor-applied jac&c nigbi-weigbt 'pisteS canvas. ms: -- / ; ~ Oo double layer insuUttofl, this canvas is supplied on Single Layer* When the sections ofsmiled have lie outer layer only. No factory-applied canv*s is been fined to the pipe, unless \ diScxea: finish is to supplied oo segmental insulation- be used* the side and cad kps ofhct&y-*ppltefl can The sectio&s or segments of insulation are carefully vas are pasted do*o smoothly and the insulation may fitted to the pipe with side ind end Joints butted be further secured with wires or roetd bands. tightly together.if two layer? of insulation areosed, ( f, "V tip factory-applied canvas is removed, the in side and end joints of the outer layer are staggered sulation is secured iti ptae* wstb_nt less than throe wirb reject to those of the inner layer. The insula bops of annealed iron wire per section. Ends of the tion is secured by various means aod finished as dh- wire loop? are twined and pressed info Che insula evened in the section on Finishes. tion. 17 vvr 23. Typicel oppUc^iion of 85*0 hUgmsis F?c ihrjJc?J*ftTB PASAUfil plochs oi thc same thickness as the pipe insulation v< fitted between the edges oftbe sections ofpipe rnsujs* *|jrf3SfSss ^ tb" feOD^od-ucudf11cd with iasuiatiag cement. The eoeS<3?f"e*cb pip^tfee-Ws.^ec?;,rv*,Sreiijeab}y is firmly secured with not lesfthan {top p? y^s.UHop beiae ofthe samg thsgfcaea. These *N` 'loops of annealed iron wire per iorubtioe section. S' oi insulation may be held d plaee tern* . Tfce cods of the loops are twisted tight;* hesfbv&, "' . --ySSSy with adhesive. Oo the two s?des, insulating- and pretted.intQ fteYurftc* oi toe iospkgRu -- 24. Fordid piping tciih recii&nd arA bbcJc mndction applied over uAre tntth wrapped atovnd bosh line; 25. Ranged waive body on piping 0/ 4-sn- diameter, insula!km coked in place. FITTINGS AND VALVES On Pipe Sizes 3^ in. and Less: Fittings and vaJv Are covered with insulating cement, bringing tie total thickness to that oi the insulation on the sdfaccct piping. On Pipe Sizes 4 in. and Larger: The bodies oi flanged fittings and valves, the entire surface of screwed finings and the entire surface up to the hasret of screwed valv are iasulsted with block or pipe ussAatloa o/ the same mstena) sod thickness as the insulation on the adjacent piping. The insulation is casehiDy fined end Study Secured in place with an* sealed iron we, the wire being looped as xnasy tunes ms accessary tc jnike the blocks secure. When block insulation is used, a finish coat o? asbestos /eot is applied to create a smooth finish, } ?. Largs ixdoeo in&dcZfL urth S5% Mcgriexw. 27. Flanged body of fixing on pipe of 4-in. diameter, iniulesson tcired in piece. RANGES Permanent Type.' Fisogcs ait insulated is the manner described above for finings and valve*, \isder the beading `On Pipe Sizes 4 in, and Larger." Tbe ftaoge iasulaQoa should extend not less than 2 in. over the adjacent pipe insulation on eatb side o/ the fiange. Tbe annular space between pipe aDQ Singe insulatioo is filled with insisting material, insulation on pipes is stopped short of Singes and beveled off to permit removal of flange bolts when necessary, The Ssogc insidatSos is applied In such a manner that it may be removed without damage to tbe adacseot pipe insulatsoo. Removable and Replaceable Type: Flange insula tion of this type may be eIthe: section*{or bioeb. Ti) iosulatioo is made to encircle the Singe, long enough to overlap use pipe insulation by at least 2 to. at either ride. V*hen secoooal iasuhboo is used, each half*sec tion is wnooed with galvanized wire mess and cov ered dh s thin layer of asbestos cement, li blcc3c insulation is used, a galvanized wire mesh frame, in two halves, is ihaped to St tie S*age sod cohered with pieces of block. Wire mesh is then applied w the outside of each baIS and a layer of asbestos cement is apphed over the inside and outside of both halves of the unit. Tbe two halves ue then wired :n place oo tbe Eangc, Pipe insulation is stopped short of Singes lad be`ckd off, to pe.rmir removal of SUnge bolts when accessary. to ' /V r * 25A s . 25A 4* S. i%pfn.X4S> orj replaceable fiance t^vyuLs- tirt mou i>c cf taropped taish un'ec or of bfo^r- iloe^tuptcviousl^itbepcd.wire rmsh frame, DciiCjhoivs far^e insi&sion made oj broken black. '' .,,' -- r-" * t Olfiz Mts -ASStSTOS ce*vt ec*?* e^oc* PASTED CANVAS an INSULATION OF EQUIPMENT Equipment is generally insulated with block to* eulation. SsittJl. irregularly shaped equipment is insulated-vrith block and cement, in tbe Ht man ner kj valves and fittings. When insulation is applied to tic bottom surface of equipment, an adhesive recommended by the insulttioo manufacturer may be uxsd to bold the block ia place temporarily during installation Where vibration or other movement nulxs it dads* cult to bold msuJStiOB applied to m*l surfaces in place by coDveotiessaJ meat*, additional support /or the icsidation may be provided, the method of soruremeot depending upon tbe particular condi tions. U rv o tjr more layers o/ Mock ere required, tb: jouus of cb lave; ar< staggered with those of tbe preceding laver. Tbe blocks are butted tightly ttv getber and *lf voids tse poia{od *rftb inruleting cement. For sculi and irrrgukr surfaces, insulatingosmerat rov be tised. Wha cbe tb'cfajcw required ereeedj 3, is., more (luo.ooe coal of cement is used, the first being allowed to dry before tbe nest is applied. 31. Strap?'*g 5/ Magnesia block to an ousodate n c p^ci-mneewuis/ research cenier. a&.- WATER-COOlED FURNACE WAXES Where rubes, ckmps, outs, bolts or mou3 projee* bom arc exposed oa the exterior side of the water tube wsJi, 4 filer cc*\ of insulating cement. thick enough to cover the high points. is applied, acd trow, eled to a level surface before the insulating blocks are applied. Ifascat fow*ferfubes minimumdismrb^oce to the ianihrion is desired, tbe-iarulatsag blocks are placed with their longest dimension vertical The blocks are fasttoed jo place with light wire cables aoc annealed iron wire lacings, The insulatkm may be finished vritb asbestos cement or with removable pane) finish, (Sec section on finishes,) REINFORCED INSULATING CONCRETE A INSULATING BLOCK CHICKEN WIRE r ?SS3gfi&*rr:. & INSULATING CEMENT ...................... ASPHALTIC COMPOUND 52, Deleft of insuhrtion on waSc*<oeUd ftsrneee watt. S3 STEAM DRUMS AND DRUM HEADS Blocks of lfcyu}atio& are carefuBy fined *ad placed pftiaff the cylindrical surface of the shell. They are heH securely is place vHb anoealed iron we laced through steel straps. we r wire, cables draw tJjbUv from previously insured anchorages. Brovuioo for aecuriog the iosuiatiBg blocks to An,m beads should also be snade, prefcably before the equipment is astabed, Two heavy wires or wire cables $st wrapped arouod the surface of the sbeB, CABLES LACING WIRES. SX Cylindrical surface of sitsm drum u.'i.'h double-lover insulation. Block* moy be fastened in place with wins laced fhrovgk steel straps, wire or cables an- chared so preihouslu afpsed angle. rttSULATSMC BLOCKS Two CABLES HAlRPlH WIRE fjnsulaTirc Block %4 Drum head with insulation wired in olaec- Lacing wires ore fastened to cable itovnd manhole and to kaiyin tvires 'ooped through cables around drum shell. LAOXC WJAC CtSLE *ni2 hairsis uvi looped atoujsd the cables at freoueo: isterviii *: .Vkx>ea\bt msifcfingiiJockf *-<r.i*r<cgjrppfo^xoTiealec^iroo irlcg:'Mrcr isejwttcfcedno therbairpio *ieireyiTnric03"ieg, wire* orrTirn^r=a*naagst!%1 to * soy* cabSr looped around Cns masbole opcuri Adhesive uisv be used to facilitate application of tbe linxulat&f blocks.... * - *tx err. j,:Ao asbestos costal firiib is generally-u*sd. fSe* stnzkxu*. mssbes.Jfc--r* * " * --' v 35. Insulated tttem drum heads and rtls?crf e^u/p/ncAt n b7ri* room 0/ mflfc* itee^ pio-"-. 2(S 3ft STEAM HEADERS AND DOWNCOMER TUBES Steam headers are insulated wjtb sectional or seg mental insulation, each laver being secured to the header with either annealed iron wire or soft steel band* which arc attached to angle sections welded to the header for that purpose. The insulation may be finished wj*b asbestos cmeot or covered with a steel casing (Sec section on Ftrushes.) When downcomer tubes are widely spaced, they are insulated individually with sectional insulation. Each byer of insulaaoo is bound in place with aonealed wire. Closely spaced tubes, such as the exposed portion of division wail tubes, a/e coclosed in one or more lavers of insulating block, which is then covered with hexagonal wire mesh and finished with asbestos cement. A removable sectioo of insulation can be provided to allow for periodic inspection of the tube seats without causiog damage to the insulation. as DUOS, BREECHINGS AND HUES If there are wrdeh* speed stifieners or other pro J,\',, . . When the juriacr of the duct, breaching or flue jections. and if p;ns!on and contraction need not o? other projections, and-if po pxo 'Joe considered. insulation blocks are appsipd'dircedy* * po'r.(t,pai^ion and c-o....n....t..r..a.....c-tionit-r-e,quired, the to the-surface between the stiffen* *- re*- <**v*3- ;totfrtyoitnaVKBe. .applied di.rectly to *thke. suttrfscr*e-.vvii-,*jfa$ot protect beioud-ifcrinsylat , ... - metal strapping used to fasten thdK$ .insulation tnplace. Beadingmaybe used on the cci* tween' bleeps wifi-he jatde' tfverUhe ____ __ . 'w_ '' 'nets to prevent the bsr.dingi from cutting into the sJte7iir$ prtxrudf beyond the insulatiea. pipe or insulation and to guard against biter mechanical block insulation is built up around the projections damage. and wired plat*. )xSuv'"*G BvOC sr*ii** ?-.SW-i*\.-> 3" Due? u:L*hovf *?d* /cners, insulation opphed lo 4vet surface and held in place with metal streps. 3$.*Jns*h>fipn applied on duet with stif* feners. M'efded airs fabric stretched over stiffeners provides foundation for the in sulating blocks. Where tie stiffcDtrs or other projections we closely sp*c*d or where provision for expansion tod con traction is desired. metal scrips or heavy iron wire fabric may b* stretched over the projections to form a foundation for the insulation. Toe insulating Weeks are fastened oves this'foundation with wire caWer or metaJ straps. An whenos cement finish is generally used. (See eectio* on fuiishusj Where Ft is necessary to insulate the interior o/ * duct, breeching or Sue in order to protect the meal surface, tbe particular problem must be cudied *nd the procedure enpesered ta suit tbe operating co>dittoes involved. 59. FituJ stsgex oj irovioting duett in c Ktu; England power phm. TUSsiNSS Steel anchors are welded previously to he eascog ?' tKr*ttirbtsie> On ajjproxtfftafelv \fc-u>.' Centcrs, Ail iirrpiliHcies 6T Uw ^urSint'-sti/fftK *wr`'EUi %at lcvelf* o'vw ''ri&:cfd3et'-S5%- hSe^eeST^f tlbJb. tniour*sirica'tcr7TCW.'3epcri^R|: upao tb# tctnpex* iture"jvoiced. The i&sulating biochs are applied over che drv oemeoi niriscc. sd6 .seeu/ed with wixe cables tod aonealed iron wbr-Uofegs. which ax* bed. to the welded anchor*. F.- a jbilsh. asbestos cement. asbestos cloth or sheet meuf cxs:r>p r,sj be used ^5e*',<=rb?rt on F*fl. ubes J HUtfilAND'^xaHAbrOERS . *. r-ietsulaiion on bx-ecverpUie-o*-heads*of `inm`fueb-ajbetf!er9And exchanger* Is cat bacV:K> that the-boJts cao be removed 'udtheut disrurbiog the insulation. Toe heads ? shell and tube bundles which toust be opened frequently tor cleumag are provided withrewovable insulation-lined shet tnecal cv%. 40. Sheet jw?^ covet for hem achsngcr heed feeing lined with ianJcting blocks. so r 41. Honumsd tent jVtmZsrww cfZseJ with rr.etel streps o*he#cd lo angle irons. VESSELS Horizofuol V&stels: On tbe cylindrical body of vessels, tbe irssulatioa blocks in each layer, *J more than one layer is used, are bed is place with metal bands or straps, three beiDg used per 3-ft section of block. If greater support is desired for insulation *n tbe underside of tbe vessel, two angle irons of the same length as tbe vessel may be welded longitudinally to Its underside and spacid 120 deg apart, equally dis tant hom the bottom center. Tbr .block* are .then applied and held in place by means of bands anchored to the angle irons. Six bands to tbe block are usuallv used on the bonorn third, and three bauds /or the rest of tbe circumference. On vessel eods, tbe insulation blocks are held in place with wire laced over the blocks aod fastened to a wire cable looped around the circumference of tbe vessel, piping; or other projections or behind or through angle iron clips previously welded to tbe circumference of the vessel. The type of finish depends primarily on whether the vessel is located indoors or outdoors, (See section on Finishes.) 42. Hefiaonref tani* end. insufo?jo xiAred to ceble looped behind riwrt hues on ten* shell end to fccttng ring at tent eenfer. x> " Conical and Conoe# Bottom Veisel#.' The cyliadri- cs) parties* of such vscli we insulated in the tame maooei as the cylindrical pQitioD of any ber vessel. Id the case of vessels with cylindrical portion rrsOJc thin 5 h high, an angle m?n shelf which server as * support for the tabulation on the cylindrical pertjoo is welded to the vessel at the junctCwe of the cy. Kndrical and conical or convex bottom surfaces. The projecting leg of the angle iron extends outward and the welded leg extends upward. On the conical or conve* section, metal anchors such-as ptytehed angle clips* nuts, etc., we welded to the surface and spaced in pattern of coneeairfc zings, with e^ual spacing between the anchors in each ring, and between the rings. Tbe rings start few inches below the fracture of tbe cylindrical and coovex or cosica) sectioas and extend to the tip of tbe cone or the end of the convex section- Hairpin nires are attached to each anchor, with the wires projecting outward. The insulation blacks *re ap plied and held inplace with wire drawn through the holes in the anchors. Toe projecting end* of the hair pin wyes are u*ed for anchoring cross-laciag wire and metal wire taesh. 46. Partem of dipt,studs, nuts, etc., welded to cord ed or convex ter-* bonom or anchors for *nn4fi=ton bindings. 47, S5% Magnesia block inrulofion on conoex bottom of ex traction tank. ROTATING EQUIPMENT AND EQUIPMENT SUBJECT TO SUBSTANTIA! EXPANSION . E*cb ewe of equlpraLof tKa type jdu be rud- kd *od tbe application procedure designed by *a icAi}sdowjppgiBpfi m. ftatrtbt'-syeatbg.coadittom-.. H>voJved- ;ca is; \ssr tnz: #. Spiffing *cern cob &' gerfer in .food preceding' plani is iimdettd %pith &$% Magnesia. * INSULATION FINISHES w#b {?;. ' : lasulatzVo is generally ceor*d with finishing material ot jciel when it is installed. The major pur* pos* of this finishing xnsierial is protection of the insulation against injury from severe weather coodi* tions, moisture, chemicals or mechanical damage a*t? to iprov< appearance. PASTED CANVAS JACKET Itie lighl-wejgbt. factory-applied canvas jacket On *ectio&al insulation. with metal bands if desired, may be usad as a finish for nay indoor injtaHaboas. - Where greater protection is desirtd, the light-weight, factory-applied ousvxs jaay be removed and a ieaWer canvas used instead. Pasted canvas j&cieis may also be employed Os Kgmcnul insulation and on insulation applied to beo? piping and small equipment Asbestos cement is usually applied to provide a smooth surface before the canvas jacket b pasted On. Adhesive is used to seal the canvas laps, the *p bebg turned, wherever possible, to the least visible side of the pipe or equipment. On flanges, valves and fittings, the canvas is cut to Jap and pasted down smoothly over the -meat coating, TJ uninsulated metal U adjacent to the inflation, it U necessary to protect the canvas finish from burn ing. Tbe euQvas is stopped a few inches short of the end p? the insulation and the exposed length of insu laSon is finished wick cement or asbestos cloth. *9. Lents*pressure steam manifold, piping end wives in a !rfe insurance office building insukrted toish 85% Magnetic owffinished usiib o pasted canoeu jacket. SFWfo Canvas jacket tbp' devdopcoeat of improved udiesivea. , pasted gxgfrfrcquccdy-Thaa *c*ed^ ctt^.frbrUtiktT&yte'$fdts&fa&m3&.bas*S'- -= .* lacloai. .t yr. s:: :< r;r : rartCm ?z^, : A:U?&ofrij^42edof sbeatibgpaperiaapplifid. : over lie uisuIaSofi'twbwe fcctioiQJ iasuJatioD ir used,'tie iswuyiappltfd.cauvsj is removed) usd S-02 canvas is stretched over lie paper d sewed is piece. The csldv*s is gfv * a#t ei glwe razing *rd painted as denied. To prevent humiOg of tie cajavas fioish. where tiers is adjacent naisskskted metal, the canvas and rosin-sized paper or sheathing are stopped few inches short of tie end { tie insxdatioa, and tie e*po*3 length of intulatioa is Snished with cement e* ubestos doth. SO, Sruxd canacs j&kt an devbkJayer prpe insvtcsian."' 5i. Sexr<d ctfnoor /oeiets an piping fn e fru!TC%ipy sepor pOu^r plont- \um uui**uw M Ji m * r v a . .* m w SS. Hccicrt fnlxhtd u*h asbex** ceme*. ASBESTOS CEMENT FINISH Where an asbestos cement finish is required, as oe smaU equipment, the cemeai is applied directly to tht iflsidalion surface aod troweled to a smooth fin- isb.For a hard finish. portJaod comeo! * wth ewbesioscemeat. On iare* ecdpment, including duets and hreecV bs heafgooal ve mesh is drawo bghUv over the ash. which is ihc= tppliti atnbcd bove. T7 asf-hau-Saturated asbestos (ROOFING) FSlT requires prc3iioa'igu&st' :' any be Bsished with aipbdt*ti>j*ted ^rTl^jgd abated wbcsteifelt. . T V'tT,,*"Aftcr tbe msuiatios has been wired a, a jacket of ' ^Beaty asphah-a*turned and coated asbestos felt is " applied. Laps of t*n less tban 3 in. * provided at all cdg and ride Ups on v&rtical piping are sealed WTtb asphalt exsoeat. Al) bemoBa) joists is the felt jacket are Upped downward so as to shed water. As tbe felt is applied and tbe Ups are scaled, onr* stxino-resistant straps or wires are fastened around tbe felt jacket at eqisal spadogs of sot more dun 6 in. Ifwire is used- tbe cods 0/ tbe wire loops are twisted tight and turned over to avoid projections, care beiag taken not to puncture tbe felt- . PiASTlC WEATHERPROOFING For weatherproofing an unevtar^f* ft# wbjph b felt-finish is impractical, such .teulatic osbends, : . flanges, valves and fitssgsY* pUyuc.'fitusb cQasisfbg ; of asbestos Bber. aid *3 asphalt compound is used- ^ .The plastic **etbesprschag-sb-be used jo tbe * * **x forte supplied by tbe insulation manufacturer, wnb- out additives, unless tbe aunufacnirer YecommeMis otherwise. Who Urge equipped*. is to be finished vfchpbu- tic weatherproofing, the insulation is gives % base cob! of asbestos and portland cement and a light* gauge gaivaaiicd bin. wire mesh is applied over tbe cement and draw*a Out. with all the edges~tbot- oughly tied and wired isplace, Tbe weatherproofing plastic is then applied to a thickness of 14 in- when wet aod Crowetea to a smooth, even surface. On equjament subject to expansion such as frac tionating lowers, stills, etc., it it preferable to apply tbe base coat oi Asbestos and pcvtlaod cement and tbe finish coat of weatherproofing plastic while the vl is hot. Where there arc ejpaasioo joints in tbe insuladoc, the finishing procedure must be tp&sslly planned bv the isrulatioa engineers. 5-t. Tower ti oQ refinery is insulased wish 859e Mcgnesie erd .finished u>irh picnic weatherproofing applied oca 1virc rush. S3. Instated outdoor steam lines finished with an asphrJt saturated and coated as bestos felt jacket; pipe elbows ore fnished wish an tuphaUic taccshcrproof compound. *3 REMOVABLE PANE! miSH It 45 wtRetaitses desirable to hx^c e<sy accty to quipffttfe2, such the water tubes in furnace Walls. A *emovab)|neIfcjsb nay.be ui*3 in pucb raw ?eceb ft* *5besT-ceent board or *beet Reel arc appW over the blocks. Tbe panels are held in pU by a COTsbiaitsou of vtmcai and horizontal rip steel bittos. '- SS. Jtemovobie jwnels over Koter wff mruteion held in place urish tteel batten*. 55. Rcrnacable panel finish on uxrifr tubs fvrnnzc wolf. f>Gk ore cjbettos-ccmem board, held in place by strip rtee) bartons. METaL JACKETS ASBESTOS CIOTH FINISH Where there is danger of mechanical damage, ^herrtoecl jac^U dhsigOBdlc-firtbc ^'iBpmest any wrtb^fi&g-rodded'bclti Where (t fire-resirtist or beal-rexisttjji-.fi.iu^ is n^ft/ed/asbenos doth may be tued The doth is rdri^b saugjv over the insulation and is bdd fej place may be provided is tbe steeljacket to compeogrte^ ^ J>y cstoentiog all Ups. Or the doth may be *rwed *Jor^rt?tJ$rw!uL trpa3%n. LeogisyBh^i qa^ ^*Tthv95ppcT3? brass v->e. Asbestos cloth is *iso ap- * jSots'Bf the'jafcfel 'is^r^c^j^pllelEas atinier--- -p3ied ever tdjacest Einges. 3t may be paiuted with va&.crfapproximately 12 ft- ^ Jxrtrcti4Qt paint. V 57. Turjurcd solvent rejirtsne urvi? insdoSed &SSc Ma^nanc end tfiatoiTwce* nr <rtiica and finished trash . galvanized sheet metal jackets. SS.Turbine drain pipes ivith S-in. ctmbiruatkm inrulcti&n end finished saith an asbes tos ebeh picket. MAINTENANCE To provide n\uas>urn iarJttiag vdue, *13 mmvS*tioo requires regular icspccrioa *ad routine jsuio* ttazoot- Ac ndcguate iaspectSoo j*3 raxioteai^ce propaat for outrage opefutioe* c*h be d&scribed'io Uiae Bcps: 3. A3) equipsieas i* fcrpected rtguUriy to * Cb*i po-jjtxs ol be*! lots *J* ianJ&ted (for extm* pie, oe* KOtisoi of piping), 2 InrJttioa tbi=i=>as is periodic*#*' Changes in opers&oas or cobs of fuel rr&iy w* mat iae&ye to sasutotfo thickaestf. 59, Important inmteioa miovona ep ir tnrpeciiem and repent oj wcethtrpreej jacketing. Rrpoiniing provides greeter water rerutencr iemger life. 3. Protective jacketing on insulation is regularly surveyed to check for tips of mechanical, ebesv fcal or other.damage. There easy be indications jthat'i jacketTrope providing _ jmSre protyr^^p^it^uir^A..^__--.... XrSc^be#rpoupg^i& Ajetgp*ag%i?Yerti* gated cluce^tbe) ay Indicate a crack or ttru?*- "tilraJ damage is tbei&roUtioa underseath. 3. Weather-resistant jackets are given periodic in spection for holes. tens and loose Ups, loose or broken wiring, and deterioratioa of the jacket due to weathering or mechanical damage. 6. Weather-resistant plastic finish on outdoor fit tings. vessels and other equipment is inspected '`carefully to locate any mechanical damage or cracks which may permit water to seep into the insulation, It is desirable to paint this type of finish every five years or oftener, both to lengthen the life of the protective coating and to seal reialh hairline cracks. 7, T^e insulao.oo is examined fncsnechamcsl dam* ^ fgp.-Jbe damaged insulation iircutrputiand re- j.$pkf^*itb_th#,i-amt material tad method of Z >r-jecttMOBflV?lte3 5Wiginifly.:\TbcIyanU: arc r -pointed, wish; tingreemeahahduhe'{sot cc- r,,.tive gaisb,replaced, - r. ,, ; - r. S.7he insulation is checked afta any change is operations. Operating difficulties, ruch as leaks, water hammer, etc., may-also cause damage to insulation so that a prompt cheek-up follows such occurrences. f?_ U insulation has been saturated with water, as . a result of fire fighting or flood, the insulation should be brought up to temperature slowly to .prevent damage to the finish due to generation of steam vdthio the insulation. APPENDIX as HEAT TRANSMISSION AND INDUSTRIAL. INSULATION Heal is transmitted by radiation. by conduction and b>* convection. Except is the testi-refractory aod refractory fields, where radiation is of gmt impor tance, tbs chief cooccm is the design of inrulatioo for industrial equipment is with the naeans of reduc ing convection and conduction to negligible quis- tities. 3/it werepractical, theperfediarulatioa fer indus trial equipment would be a vacuum, dace there would be so material to convect or conduct heat. The nett best thing to a vacuum is dead os aoncircuIatSog air. In tbs manufacture of insulating materials, a great number cf tiny air spaces or pocVctt **t trapped between the Sbcn or crystals that saahe up the body of the insulation. The effectsvt^as of the fcasulatioo results boa this groat cumber of email air spaces which redoes the cross-sectional area of the solid material and provide a multitude of surface resistances at the boundaries of the air spaces. In order to measure their ability to resist the flow of beat, insulating materials are subjected to conduc tivity teru. This is doae wits S5% Magnosis and diatosnacecus fibes insulation by attaching these materials to a SO. Fencer centred boc*d *n innJatien testing hshorstfory. ] surface, apphang beat u*i\h electrical bcatei, end measuring tbe me at vbicb electrical cocr^y must be supplied io order to t&ainuia * uniform temper*bvc gradiet. Tbe power sspul U an eotu* n(e measure of tbe total rale of beat tmufer throwgh tbe sosuUtsoa. Tbe texts are carried out a * room fcep? t constant temperature. Frpe insulaboo is applied oo * standard steel pipe equipped *"*- internal beater. Wodsags of the beater are spaced as to assure uniform tLv* tribudoe of bo*5 to ail points oo tbe surface erf* tbe apparatus. u>d auriJary windings provide for boat fcks from tbe cods of (be inrub Boo. A uniform rate of oergy input is provided by an automatic voltage sugulafor. fij. Guarded hot plde therrrud ccndoefiptty appemSur. Temperatures at both boundaries of the insula tion are determined by copper-coettaocao thermo couples at the ceata of each foot of length am* di* tribyred irvvbS tht circumftrecce. Thermocouple potentials are measured icb a potentiometer to the nearest one-hundredth of a mOlh'oU. Blocks are tested in a similar manner, cept that they are placed against a fiat steel or a refractory surface. These testing procedures have been standardized and approved by the American Society for Te.<tiog Materials. O ruin coriaj-cnlv held ideas concerning msul*bon. 'ehea considered on the basis of beat craasaLssloe, prove lobe fallacious.Tbey arc as follows: a) 'Svrjctc tefnpaeture is on acctsrcic method of determining h*a? less from insxddion? Surface temperature abac, measured either by placing the band oo the surface or by mean* of thermo couples and thermometers, is not a measure of a* beat losi. Surface temperature depeads upon the temperature of the rurroundiag tii. the proxim/fy of other ho\ and eete ob^ectt, tbr .na ture of the rucface, whether dull, polished, etc., nod lie velocity of the ambient air. Air motion lower* surface resistance Jo beat transfer; ttstpd another way, h iccreases the rate of teal trans fer from the rurfmce. This cools the turfaee to a lower temperature than h would have under fctfl vr conditions, so thaf core be*t atytctually be lost with the lower thxa with the higher Atriaer temperance- WhSe the variables sec tioned, such as air veloeiH- and type of surface, have little effect & the total heat transmitted bv the insulation. thcvtnavbav* marked effects os the surface temperature, h) "Air space between e hat surface end the sruv lotion provides elective insitieSfon* A rier of tesis conducted a? sr> industrial isboraiory to determine the v^lue of such air spaces. The results indicated that an air space is o/iittle value as insulation, because circulating air car ries beat boo the surface to the inset surface o? the insulation with but tstt/c drop o tem perature. Aiso the air space proved to he of bo value *5 protection against high icnpcyotvre dereromtioe of cither the equipment siiriace or the insulation. It should he understood that air, other than in cucroteopie pockets such as are present in insulating materials, s neve; "dead,*' SLDd will *wjyi oosvect heal, c }"lnsxdatupn ejects the1 pre*jv'< drop in e fteem line.'' Regardless of the fluid, there is always a pressure drop in a line, due So the friction be tween the fluid and the pipe wall. With .super heated rteam. as boat u lost the temperature will drop. The pressure remains constant, *sd bo coodensacjoc tale# pbrtar ttottl the aahir*taoa temperature Is reached for the particular pressure involved. 1/ the temperature drejw any further, the pressure will drop as well and a certain amount of condensation will take place, insulation, by keeping baa! losses at a enmi^um, keep* tbe superheat in the ream. Under tucb conditions, any pressure drop is of a friction*? nature only and dees not reduce the tempera ture of the steam. Regardless of the thickness of insulation used, a surprisingly large lots of steam superheat may oarer if the piping system is not designed properly. For insvnee. if a pipe si is too Urge foe the flaw condi tion* involved or. conversely, if tbe flow nie is toe low for tbe pipe sine used, the eo*t of insulating riicb a line to prevent large haflosses w'Ould be prohibi tive. The table which follows, giving reasonable veloci ties /or steam Sow based oo average practice, can be used to advantage ia designing steam lines. As * gen eral rule, velocities b the lower end of the range giveo aje used for pips sizes 12 in. and smaller. TREASONABLE VELOCITIES FOR ROW OF STEAM THROUGH PIPE cowsrrrow Of STTEAM SjtWlW nSSSVtt lb per Sq in. 0 *ts SO .-<V tSOfiwp SESVJCE Ne*ig <an 1 SEASONABLE VslOOTY Ft Ftf MS" 4JXT}* *030 *0X + \ap 7003^100X1 *Crjrf Comply Technical Paper No. 40S. FW ti Thais. *TW vdodiy ei Rum, in tbe cu d boiler k*4i, ibeuH U i<7^; than fe Jt* turbine feach bffriw cf the surpdUct vahes *h*<5h art &ces**riJy tarufled in these lutes, A hijA vekerty thrwfh the atsp-eheci >*]v< wtadd esose as tza&> rivt preuwe drop tts*y be detrtorvU} to (floes! epentooo. DEFINITIONS OF TECHNICALTERMS ABSOLUTE PRESSURE: The pressure of a system referred to that of a perfect vacuum. It is the sum of the gauge pressure end barometric pressure. CONDUCTION: Tb< traasmisskso of hot through and by means of matter unaccompanied by iay obvi ous monos of the matter. ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE: A reading on the abso lute temperature scale. Absolute temperature is obtained by adding 459.70 degrees to the Fahren heit temperature. CONDUCTIVITY: The amount of beat {Btv) trans mitted ic one hour through 2 sq ft of homogeneous material 3 in, thick for a difference is temperature of 2 F between the tv surfaces of the maleriaJ. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE: The pressure indicated by a barometer. Standard atmospheric pressure is a pressure of 76 cm mercury', equivalent to 24.^ lb per *q in. or 2S.92 in. of mercury at 32 F. f CONDUCTOR IHEATh A material capable of read ily conducting heat, the opposite of an insulator or msuJattoa. Btt>: The abbreviation for British therma) unit, uoit of energy. It is *ppr:djote)y the quantity* of beat required to raise the temperature of 1 lb of water from 63 to $4 F. CALORIE (MEAN): For practical purposes ft may be considered as 1/iCCof the heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water from 0 to 203 C. The kilocalorie or large calorie is equal to 2000 gram or small calories. CONDUCTANCE: The amount of beat (Bfu) trans mitted from wzrface to surface ui one hour through 2 sq ft of a material, whatever its thickness, when the tempersfare difference is 2 F between the Jwo sur faces CONVECTION: The transmission of beat by the circuhboD of a liquid or gas such as air. Convection mav be natural or forced. DENSITY: Mass per unit volume, generally ex pressed as weight per unit volume, i.e.. lb per cu ft. IMIS5IVJTY fTOTAl): The ratio of the total beat radiating power of a surface to that of a black body 0dea3 or perfect radiator) of Tbewm: -area tod t the same temperature. GAUGE PRESSURE: Pressure measured from atmospbrrsc pressure as a bast such as steam pressure expressed in lb per sq in. gauge, or psig. HEAT: A form of energy which transfer* from ox* lyttem to a seco&d system at lower temperature by virtue Of tie temperature difference whe lie two mre brought into cOTunuaicattoa. INSULATION IHEAT): a material having a relativeTv high resistance to the Bow of beat per uni! of thickness. LATENT HEAT: The beat absorbed or rejected by a substance in changing its stale without cbaeging its temperatrue. Mb, Mbb: Symbols which represent J0C*> Btu and 1CCQ Bro per hour, respective))*. MEAN TEMPERATURE: The arithmetic meaa of inner and outer surface temperatures of the Sbsu3a* boa. SATURATION PRESSURE: The pressure at which vapor And liquid or vspo: and solid e*n coexist in stable ogtt&brium. . . * - --: SENSIBLE HEAT: Heat which manifests Hsetf by teno<rgtwe change. SPECIFIC HEAT: The Dumber of units of energy re* quired to raise the tempersfur* of a tielt mass of a substance through S degree, under specified condi tions, such as constant pressure, constant volume, etc. STEAM; Water in the vapor phase. Dry oaiutosti ritem is steam at the xanuatioa temperature cor responding to ihc pressure, -and cootsla&g ixs water in juspention, U'e? setvroscd siecm is the same as above except that it contains water particles in su> peruuTfl. SapcrAscfffc/jfeo/n ir steam at * trapesa* tuxe higher than the saturation temperature correspoodisg to the pressure. POTENTIOMETER: An Sft.rum*et for measuring or comparing smsb electromotive forces. PYROMETER: As instrument for measuring high temperatures, generally above 900 F. RADIATION: The transmission o? heat through space by uaie motion SATURATION: The condition of coexistence In stable equilibrium of two er more dirtimrt pbas juch s steam ov? water from which it is being generated. SURFACE CONDUCTANCE: Tbe amount of beat (Btu) &ansmirted by radiation, conduction amd con vection from a surface to tbe air at liquid surround ing ik or vice vej^a, in one hour per so ft of surfsee for a difference is temperature of 1 degree between the surface and the su/TouBding sir or hquld. THERM: )CC,CCO Bru. Used in the gas industry. THERMAL RESISTANCE: The reciprocal of ooodoelance. THERMAL RESISTIVITY: The reciprocal of conduc tivity. 49 SIM PLIFIED T H fC K N B S E S FOR PIPE IN S U L A T IO N o Um famine! } p > f * h * *r> pw*tnlj. ....................-- .............................. . j; e *- v * **- p- ** *, <s *s o\ - n 6 i '; fta <VN ^ *s> v ^ p. * r *. -- ^lh > a ft- SkW** >*V^O' <900-- ^ M ft ft * m* s ft 2 v P> N ft -c e O MBOKO ^b B * hbO * o ^ : -- *. rto c ft *- j; * = e> rr ** ^ I W bvI v*> a* v* K * C r n. > !(> c" i ii c i ft. u ft* A. <o* bo -- B k V) f") e; ^ ft V ft* (.hn--o ^ n r. r> rft* ^ as as *5 ft* ft* fti - o ft. ftv r> ^ bo o'X'tfn *<; C C #i *> an -t ^ < - WUftk m *> f ^ ~ o * *b m e* .ft > m -f2t >ft i_f "5 c o s * " o. 5s r-poi*^ f*> w w 0 " n v> ^vM W ft* -c n c> *** r a- s * nBB'"* -ft* ftt ft . e <o o C* Stoptf c0^n b e O s-k'vkn r< n B -- n ^ ^ "ft kC fK ft) ft. O NKOO `KftiSa C o^fts "** ft a 9 . 5o *w u II T H E R M A L E X P A N S IO N O F PIPES* V Z S wft. ** w Z Z au. Ar OB oo B V) ft * .*> > gsess gRsss >S B h K K(f. g*S$g gssss ft ft ft a b S -- 1l I? 1* 3* r* * ^ ft) as 0 f> 5& Ft *1 nio ft* O o "T *1 ^ f code o O * ^ ft f~ i O >n'>r<0 _1 f* ^rtpBO>n D" t" *n > a " r'f'^'<n 'k -p O *! H n rt W RSSR2 "ft ft W ft >> 55 K rl ^ ,-1 -- ft !"" f' Bp o v> -- keb ^ f )S (>"<* **---" r r* 3Rg n -* fi ^ r> '`ft ft~R8 rv^ s o n nft rt B n <> >> IJ w* 2 i; i1 If n inon *? i e ft* (B fti * as ftv * fti ft >^ ~ ft* Oo-- a--- (SQ P) j> ftt ~ eo ftfts>~- ~ -- *N r> fcSgSR ft W) It p p p*f-rt n ~8Sft r f% ft) . a n n n ft g -- V . -+Z c S. uo is ^ * - C Ut u t t .7 a r fV>OB c> i> inn <) oodd a k * o V t ^ p * - a <i ft* >*--*-- o*" "ft ft. m ft* f| k Nb ~ ~ -' ~ ~ lnnG c no- "5 qnnftk r<(ir>r<r> k a> rv *-- ft* o 5 * * 5-ftft ti r> r> > rt a -ft n o *- oa n f, * ^SS { 9%OD&U HO^'B ^ ->i% - O OP o o J-3 OO O O an 5 r* * 5S ftonntn * B O ** * r s? * > . I . : oi IX f " il >- # St -- ........... table in NOMINAL WEIGHT'S 'of WELDED AND seamless ^STeel PiPF` Nominal Pipr Six. *i. \ 1" % 'l 'A s<w 19 pfein V 1 t \ 4* 'l \ a n \% 2 - 2*4 t l 44 3% 4 5 4** 6 4 $ ' JO 12 f U 00 HOP HOP 36.8 <<21 *7.t 2D OP 24 OP 35 OP 52.8 6*5 9?-0 &<W '20 PJetrt , tv4 ScUtfi.1* 7 '* * " ikW^* ' 50 "' *0 * r -. ' U,^4 60 5c^#4 S3 105 plain and plcift E*J% Caplins* n6 ' 0.25 0.43 *0.-57 . Th/**>4** and Pto*n Cnvflingi r>4 PH^ E^ P.25 D.4? `*"&`.S7V 1 ' 0.32 ' t.U *' 0?< PUlft Endt 036 7.74 1.68 0.86 ;.?4 7.67 7.09 7.46 2.38 a ^P > A4 72.4 28,1 33.4 45.7 52.3 5?;0 78.6 94.7 558 24.7 34.2 43.8 54.6 67.6 S2.0 105 141 197 2.78 2.72 t.te M+ / * > 5.*0 7.58 *.?? J0.8 U.7 l?.0 25.0 35.0 45.0 28.6 40.5 53.6 63.2 82-8 105 p 123 171 Z29 2.74 3. 5.82 7.63 9.2? 10.9 74.9 X9.Z 28.8 41.2 55.0 3.W 3.W 5.03 7.57 70.3 72.5 15.0 2C.6 26.5 35.7 54.8 73.2 43.4 64.4 8.6 85.0 706 153 107 137 m 167 209 23? 797 50.9 77.0 108 m 165 205 251 36? ^2 UU4 5eUd 120 140 16^ Plels PJein PUtR n4 n4> En4 ^ 1.3? 1.94 2.S5 3.77 4,6 7.45 9 4 10.0 14.3 19.0 27.1 36.4 22.6 33.0 45.3 60,7 89.2 126 67.8 105 143 74.7 1H HI U7 171 190 193 224 741 235 275 304 797 34? 374 416 454 536 ^ ... ... ,!>. fe' - 'K"S ' .v..u. -i.K W I.. -* ** * TK. wJP>.* ! tin* pP* -ith " *'*M* A>.1. Jp*e*.1tf'*on J^L. Y.isK,, ih^i. in >< <* jj ,, * .* 1' 1W ,W* m . _;>K w.>K..,9 , 3> * * * W W "n*nd'4 wiyW>'* *>*; Ao* ** *>* M S* "**> ^ **' fK* Sc^. 4t, Wv*,w< * *Nl** ***'"** " ' r IW3* Prt. *" TABLE IV AREAS OP FLANGED FITTINGS AND EQUIVALENT PIPE LENGTHS Fleur* In lvmnt wntfer A'*e" *'* * in qiar fr). fisy,e. in coivmn* 'Tip* *W* the nvmbef < Ut *f pipe which hot on ores ta the o*c of the brims*. STAKDARO FLAHOEO FITTING. WCI.UMKC ACCO*PA*YiHC PLAh GS Ni*4mI Pip* $l, In. e 1*4 1'6 7 2'4 3 3`4 4 *'4 5 6 7 8 ? 10 13 1* 00 W 00 U 00 Flb*.?*6 C**pli* Atc Pip* L*pth* ,370 .383 .477 .472 .84 f .74$ 1.122 1.344 1.474 1.622 1.82 2.1? 2.41 iJX> 3.43 4.41 4.3? 6.18 4.4? .93 .88 .95 1.08 1.12 1.03 1.07 1.14 1.13 1.11 1.04? 1.097 1,047 1.1? 1.22 1.32 1.443 1.372 1.40 90 D*s Ell ArtS Pi*. .793 .93? 1.174 1.63 2.0? 2.38 2.98 3.33 3.93 4.44 $.13 6.1? 6.95 8-71 IB.IB 13.08 14.38 18.50 20.1? 2.31 2.20 2,23 2.63 2.76 2.60 2.63 2.?0 3.0) 3.04? 2.95 3.09 3.0? 3.457 341 3.92 4.4? 4.72 4 52 u* * A Pip. \.*Kp,V 492 1.084 1.337 1.84 2.32 248 3.28 3.96 4.43 5.CO 5.9? 7.36 8.54 10.5? 17-35 16.35 20.1? 2?.?2 25.41 2.3? 2.4? 2.68 2.96 3.08 ?,?3 3.13 346 3.38 3.43 3.45 3.69? 3,7? 4,20 4.38 4.90 5.47 543 6*7 1- 4>e Pipe l.e'ifAi 1.235 \JA\ 1.915 2.54 3.21 3.65 4.48 5.41 6.07 6.61 7.14 ?.J7 10.55 53.56 13.41 1947 2441 27.91 30.33 3.5? 2.40 3.64 4.08 4.76 3.?? 4,26 4.59 4.63 4.67 4.33 4.69 4.67 523 4,47 549 6-78 7.10 7.73 <j** MtMlNNMlBBIB* P ip* A*** 1.625 1.943 2,13 3.2? 4.19 4.77 5.63 7.03 74? 842 10.Cl 12.00 1 3.44 16.76 19.56 34 4? 31.48 35.46 28.14 4.72 4.17 4.78 5.34 5.56 5.70 5.56 5.97 6.01 6.06 5.81 6.01 5.96 644 6.93 7.45 8.60 9.04 9.1 i PVT*, HPKYY FLAHOED FITTING*. JNO.U01NC ACCOM?AM11HG F1.AN,,ES Hemixol Pipe S>*. In. Flenje i Cevplt"ff Apts Pip* 1 I'i 1V 2 3 3U 4 *'4 5 6 7 $ 9 10 1? 14 00 15 00 16 00 .436 .510 .727 .846 1.107 1.484 1.644 1.914 5.04 2.16 2.75 3.46 3.77 4.44 5.20 6.71 8.30 9.52 10.05 I.273 J.P2 1.43? 1.363 1.453 1.619 1.57 1.624 1.555 1.497 1.603 1.733 I4?0 1.762 1.646 2.01 2.26 2.43 2.4 90 Dry Ell A>t Pi** 1.015 1.095 1.352 2.01 2.57 3.4? 3.96 4.64 5.0? 5.47 4.99 0.62 9.76 , 11.44 * 13 .SB 17.73 22.31 25.2B 27.18 2.95 2S2* 5.674 3.23 3.41 3.80? 3,78? 3.938 3434 3.756 4.031 4 J18 4.374 4.541 442 541 6.09 6.43 6475 L*** R o4(ui EH A* Pipe L* 1.0(3 1.340 1.674 2.16 2-'6 3.74 4.3! 4.9? 5.46 6.02 7.76 9.73 11.09 13.17 15.60 18.76 25.70 29.34 31.73 3.U6 3.06 3.742 2.472 3.665 4.06 4.067 4.235 4.170 4.134 4.475 .. 4.674 4.913 5.228 5.538 5422 7.02 7.47 7.575 1 r Ar*0 Pip. t-ewfi**** 1.575 1.925 248 3.07 4.OS 5.33 6.04 7.07 7.72 9.52 10.64 12.33 14.74 17.23 20.41 26.63 33.63 38.04 40.94 4.57S 4U2S JJ81 4.968 3.378 5413 5.?6S 6,001 549? 5451 6.136 6.177 6.531 6.84 7.245 7.987 9.?f 948 9.775 ClO * .................... -- At*o Pipe 247 2.53 3.54 4.06 5.17 6.95 7.8? ?.?4 10.07 10.9? 13.75 1643 18.9? 23.10 26.26 34.11 43.15 4S.7? 52-35 6.02 5.816 3.101 6.528 6465 7.5?? 7.535 7443 745? 7.sy 7.92? 8.431 6.403 8.773 9,322 10.222 11.75 12.4 12.5 -- r . c >, * ^v , 1 m. -- . ' rKBIB'V'-X STANDARD PiP-SKE5'0F RED-BRASS AND COfFER K&minol Six*, Ift. (i X X V. T n n 2 as 3 3'* a 4V, 5 6 7 8 9 TO n 12 Ft** Actual OD . 20 tn. Wait .40S .5 .675 .84 1.030 U15 1.660 1.5CO 1375 2875 3. SCO 4.003 4.S30 5.KO 5.563 6.625 7.625 8.625 9.625 10.750 11.753 12.75) -2S1 .376 .495 .626 .822 1.063 1.368 1.6CO 2.063 2.531 3.063 2.SX> 4.000 4.S0 5.063 6. US 2.063 8.001 8.937 10.023 11.000 12.000 .062 -0S2 .090 .107 .114 .125 .146 .153 .155 .157 .219 .253 .2S3 .250 .253 .25> .231 .312 .344 .365 .375 .375 **>4 Pi**" LV F* Rttf'&iOM Copper ,253 ,U7 .627 .934 1.27 1.78 2.63 3.U 4.12 5.99 8.56 H.2 12.7 14. \ 15.8 19.0 24.6 32.9 38.0 45.2 S7.fi 55.3 .259 .457 ,641 -9S5 1.30 1.82 2.69 3.2 4.22 6.12 8.75 11.4 12.9 U.S 16.2 19.4 25.1 31.6 35.9 46.2 51.9 56.5 *4 TABLX V-B DIMENSIONS AND WEIGHTS OF COPPER WATER TUBES* rrft Su.. ti. K~-W 5li* <rl CD 9,tl TWe6*** u> *6 K I > .TP .trs \.W UJ . ?'4 3 1.775 u 2.13* ?X2* i.\2> 5* 3X?S 4 - 4.12* 5 5.12* 6 4.12* I 1.12* JO 30.12* 13 1112* .w* .wo. .04? .645 .C*S .06 5 .977 .> .955 .10* -IP .U4 -3P .112 .271 .338 .425 1K i j n 3*4 2 ?'4 2 v* 4 5 6 8 W 13 .SO? X25 .753 X75 i.us \.v$ 1X24 2.523 2X25 3.125 3X25 4.125 5.125 6.125 8.323 10.113 um .035 .OP .e<2 .645 J)S0 .035 .060 .070 .01* .6W .160 ,3 .525 .146 .25> .R0 M ?`4 a 3'i 4 5 8 1 10 1J 2.6 2i 3.113 3.625 4,125 S.U5 4.325 MSS 10.125 11125 .04$ .072 .0*3 .C?5 .1C* .12? .170 .21? -2W 1C. I>w 19 Ae .402 .527 xs? J45 .991 1045 1.95s S-425 3.W? 3.325 3XS7 iXTJ S.74J 7.523 _44 11J15 .127 .21* 331 034 J71 3.717 1,723 3.5)4 4X57 6X37 1.999 13X44 >1.133 7XUI 45.147 Tt.lB IX.iW OX -W5 XX6 .715 X028 ' 1.241 1.S55 1.085 2X*S 2.745 2,4*5 3,905 4.875 5Jt5 7,725 9X25 11,545 J/J .233 .342 .04 J25 1.27 1.777 1W5 4.777 4X3? 7.733 31,577 ?*.666 24,127 *4.fe5 77.76? It3.60 2,4*5 IMt X-4S* 3.735 4.997 *iI 7.711 8,701 1M X?t 6,577 5.777 tt.41 >1,511 77.364 47X33 735U lti.593 tV P-'*' .2X5 .XU .XU .841 U39 1.0* 1.34 2,06 2,53 4. 5.1? 6.51 9X? 13,9 25,5 40.3 $74 .191 .as .3X3 .455 -ill 4M 1.14 *3.75 2.4* 3,33 4.2V 5,21 7.61 .? 19.3 >0.1 89,4 2.02 2X8 3.53 4X4 6.66 8.9? US 25.8 >6.7 IW TvW *- TAm.K VI HEAT LOSSES FROM HORIZONTAL BARE STEEL PIPES A N D FLAT SURFACES m m mW 8TU SQUARE FOOT O f SURFACE HOUR FEU OSGRES FAHRENHEIT TEWPE* A T U lf O jp m iN C E BETWEEN FJPf AND A H *9 P -e -s w _r il * s 2 : i rn> 52 Si 8l i -5 g 5. 2P ^ o Z | 5^ *.2 US 4 f* c co ---- s*8 *9 2- 1-1I I j s JuJ 7e= 2O X * X a% i 4 - e* o ** -c* -*? .s ** t 5|' a^ 6 '5 - s ta * ** -- . *o ill V5 --s -e o -t 2: t Jjs 111 : a*> _ >5 *O2 5i 2 *B 8? T^SLE Ml-A fHEAT LOSS FOR 85V. MAGNSSiA-'fiPE INSULATION FOR _ t : NOMINAL PIPE SIZES VS INCH #ROU)SH 18 INCH- e-- KEAT L0SS *XPISSED JN ITU 2* LINE** TOOT m HU* Mninal Pp* S*a. Jo TTviei*** , s \ m 2 n 3 t) 1% 2 9% 3 it n n V4 3 I'4 1 2 3*4 9 1 2 2X 3 5\ 1'4 2 3'4 3 *( ' Iti fll+t' 7f 170 270 2 30 ZfO ** *n SW 32 20 77 4J * J S ? : s s s `i s s | S I ?S15 s 1?? 2I?? 5H2 j5j< gff * t U *2 2 ' Ji 2 n u ...... ............... " " \7 JT S3 " JJ '? S 5 S S 1?j U ** u < JJ t- Vs't s S V \\ "2 17 32 *7 *} " '? 5 3 2 g .. %8 a ) W>rUll- ......... ........ "" ........ ...................... . nS S ^ S* *2 ss 2s " i 15 s: A5 S......... 2 I?52 7*10 **0 7TOt *7 Si si *44 ... ... M n is TS 5] J? * ** * 75 n i ! ' SS Is 5? j> * . 'Ij lS 113 177 8 a a I: w TA3i-E VII-A {Cool'd.) HEAT IOS5 B5V* MAGNESIA m INSULATION fO* NOMINAL PIPE SIZES V2 INCH THROUGH 18 INCH Pi,, SlM. Ilk 3*4 3 3*4 4 4% 'A Th) $*** Ik. IK 70 1 T4 2 5 '4 5. 1 1'4 3 3*4 3 U u >4 30 9 3* 21 U 11 10 > 74 1'4 17 3 15 1*4 U 3 12 T 25 5 20 2 I? 13.S 2 ..... " ' \ l ** >>. 21 ) U2 i }? 7b 3 ) 13 \ 47 3H 26 2 23 JH 14 3 32 1 97 \b 30 7 77 7b 39 3 36 7*p *IPip4. O,} 3s {lra^vNn *1 2tC 3S0 300 S%0 400 S'SU If f) 4S0 SCO S& T9*>P pill l** vr.4 Svr>#nf $1HJ Air, D*p P *>* ?, ?*> 2>q 3W 370 - 420 470 >6 27 24 19 1? 44 3$ 27 22 23 23 33 79 25 22 52 39 22 27 25 50 38 32 28 7b ii 26 39 2) 22 73 bt> 23 37 32.. 54 27 54 25 35 64 69 40 5$ 3? 62 49 42 3$ 33 7& SI 26 21 37 73 55 27 4t 39 85 70 57 26 3& 309 *3 64 55 48 73 56 45 38 34 88 304 126 74 333 133 57 70 82 4? S? 6$ 24 52 63 325 1)2 95 IQ 73 166 17* IDS to 83 4$ 63 53 27 22 W? 79 6$ At 54 179 357 96 113 55 94 73 *4 65 W 176 131 109 97 '96 20) 349 125 1)0 104 81 65 56 46 42 ICO 119 343 6) 97 134 71 87 304 59 74 96 S3 65 77 184 13? 121 ! 90 119 151 137 114 182 300 77 64 >24 353 179 96 1U 135 81 96 132 210 }54 333 259 391 145 55 49 77 62 90 103 113 329 75 87 98 134 93 73 >23 146 174 93 314 13S to: 363 225 151 62 53 52 79 68 45 9? 1)2 83 99 7? 94 132 150 315 131 309 >24 407 135 163 JS3 .223 .355 9? 76 115 139 166 95 115 336 393 15? 230 179 65 48 81 59 97 73 99 102 Vs! U 98 133 145 m IS 183 235 256 32$ 363 393 306 126 152 395 27* 179 34$ 255 200 74 6$ 93 M 113 133 U0 117 153 tS4 m 353 600 $39 207 145 )?) 161 94 226 167 142 3 23 m 213 370 154 126 135 269 226 370 142 130 251 2K 359 347 U0 .267 24? 707 \n 372 392 266 2*6 397 >73 6 TABLE VILA (Cool'd.) -HAT428S T&k IsVi j^e'Kfe'rAWr'iNSUCATiON FOR `nominal Hpe Sizes vs inch'through s weft --> ------- ... -------------------- * ..... M *w^ M **!) Ft?* Si**. - ln*l*LA .. K. .> . TM44*.a. 1*. 71 2 3 1 tft 2 2ft 3 7m* *1 Ftp*, Pi f (T^n*in *1 3m "-4U| iuU AU, SO F) lie 200 230 X0 350 * <C0 <56 .500 -550 ..______ *-*< 5t^r>*v8T%"5rtir-^fr/'Di^*T-- ?e 32D 270 220 270 320 370 <20 <70 34 61 38 136 146 m 310 243 274 23 41 73 92 3 39 145 36? 196 225 11 35 52 70 19 1M .126 347 US 34 67 90 319 350 182 216 250 265 29 54 7? 105 132 355 1*7 216 243 >1 43 65 7 ICS 12? 353 378 204 If 38 56 75 97 119 >39 159 111 .*SOO Sio 313 353 389 320 28) 231 204 9 1ft 40 74 305 142 350 238 217 294 339 382 2 39 JS 11 107 154 H5 195 226 257 288 3ft 31 47 70 94 m HJ 149 195 227 250 3 21 <2 63 U 108 133 154 176 3?5 236 ___10_______ ----------- 1---------- - >6 315 352 191 230 271 335 338 408 2 33 63 93 123 354 186 27S 254 300 347 2ft 26 53 SO 137 133 !6C 190 220 349 2?9 3 23 3? 51 76 94 m 122 153 m 393 i? 1ft 49 9) T33 375 219 263 313 344 426 4>.5 7 a 73 308 554 172 2H US 286 325 3?e 2ft 26 57 as 120 149 175 233 244 278 312 3 23 55 7? 307 333 35? u: 222 232 222 u 1 1ft 7 2ft 3 u tft 2 2ft 3 35 107 >49 44 32 120 35 61 101 K S 4! 116 37! 55 92 333 40 77 334 33 66 PP 396 247 251 362 40? 440 523 355 394 230 27C 32? 373 420 154 !? 203 24J 287 321 355 319 346 \7$ 199 223 267 312 274 27? 33? 4X 469 535 601 175 224 254 338 4C7 442 <82 151 364 376 371 334 358 <03 132 166 230 237 274 313 352 IS 1ft 71 532 393 254 321 995 459 530 604 47? 2 56 3M 352 201 253 305 275 44$ <91 517 3ft 46 33 124 364 207 253 2?7 344 392 C 3 _ 37 73 .. 309 346 379 215 255 301 330 354 AO TABLE ViJ-B HEM LOSS FOR 85% MAGNESIA AND DiATOMACEOUS S.LICA COMBINATION pipg INSULATION FOR NOMINAL PIPE SIZES % INCH THROUGH 18 INCH ^ HtAT toss txmssto IN ITU PI xi until AT INDiCAUO Wfi TMPU*TU*S Pip# Vt*, Ltu Mem eel Intwleiten Thicker*) C>ws*s\.e? . I- b2 None Tempo! Pip*., Oefi 600 7C0 temp fin or F(Temper etvf* el 800 0 Swrnjwn^irvj 1X0 Si >11 Air, 80 noo 1 Air. Ovo F F) 1200 S2> 620 720 820 920 1020 1120 ^mmmm 81 102 119 139 161 153 23? a2 Norse 90 in 132 155 179 X* 2X i 2 None 101 123 US 173 2 27? 258 VA 2 Noee 115 u\ 168 197 227 259 292 lb 2 2% 1b lb lb 2 2 2b 2b 2b None 1 lb 2 2b 3 m* 2 1H 2 2b 123 116 10 9? 9 83 . .. .. .. . . .. .. - 1*2 U2 130 112 109 102 4 ** 1 1 181 168 156 1*1 IX 122 212 156 162 165 152 ** e 7*5 225 210 ... *** 283 4 ee 2)3 197 203 190 179 316 e ev 243 223 226 213 2CO ]w lb 123 2 115 356 W 186 165 215 197 251 ..- * ... ** >b 1b 2b 1D6 320 \S6 \t\ - - 3 98 123 1*4 169 233 233* 26* 2*7 2 lb - T6 21* . . ... 2 2 ... 2 2b 2 3 * 173 163 199 188 . . ... 252 .. . .- . 28* 2* 1b . .. . .. 233 262 2b 2 e4 ... 233 267 2 lb 4 e ** 22* 251 3 2 .. . 9* $ 210 237 3 2b ... ft - --*.............................. ] 7Al VH-B <CWd> HEAT LOSS FOR 85% MAGNESIA AND DlATOMACEOUS SlUCA COMBINATION^ 5S5J i?iOK 5S" K*** -- f.~c S-Si V. SO. -- .1 .i--- Hoinet Pi** Vm Ik. >lc^njAl ^ ****. m~~ jOwi** Laft t, U. TW ^ -W1H Ifc 2 2.. 2 2 2b 26 3 3 3 WS 148 182 2-- - -35 -- fas----------- $a124 % 151 .3______ JJIO 137 !* 2. . 7b 3 m 7 w 2 26 217 "197" 1KT 164 254 " *23?- 210 235 . .214 19? 1S5 .. is 1>5 m .2 % th 3 2 1H 22 2 26 23 2* m 7b 7 7b 7b 7h 2 3 32 3 as 173 211 153 1?? 143 171 129 157 252 771 20S 189 295 262 272 249 22? 198 235 217 204 .. 1H % )H 7 2 2 2 .2* % 2fc m 189 23) 2 172 2M IS? 191 3- 144 177 2 26 3 M 7 2h 277 253 229 2H . . .'' . .. . .. . . 322 297 ... 311 7S3 25? 2 263 742 ^ * ?*> * F 1 292 271 .247.... 229 ... 338 283- . .. i* 292 269 274 257 243 340 ... . .. ... 313 2U ... ... 268 251 234 ... 4 . .. ... .<. .. . ,, , 332 305 ... 9 312 290 272 ^ ,.. ... , .. 355 324 f * 4 331 281 .. . . .. ... . .. .. . ... ... 372 . .. ... 345 4 329 SCO 37? 2S7 270 * ** .* 94 373 343 .. . 351 32? 335 . . a** . -* ** . 4 419 .. *9t TABLE VTJ-B (Ceas'd.) HEAT LOSS FOR 85*/. MAGNESIA AND DIATOMACEOUS SILICA COMBINATION PIPE INSULATION FOR NOMINAL PIPE SIZES % INCH THROUGH 18 INCH }40i*jeS l. ofrti* TMcV** Fi? %iit, ihn** Uey*, in. J*. 1*. 2K 2 3 lb 32 3K m 3b 2 a IK lb 2 m 2b IK 3 2w 2j 2 2b 23 2b 2b 2 2b 2b 2b 3 3 tb 32 3K lb 3b 2 3b 2b TO IK lb lb 2 lb 2b 5b * 3 2 ib 22 2 2b 23 2b. 2b lb 2 2b 2b 2b 3 3 IK 32 3b ib 3b 2 3b 2b 7#**p ttO 520 *4 4 ... . .. t ... r*_ C (Ttm>*r"wi 1 5*n-1^**9 Still A*, SO 10 7 BOO ym &**. **." < .L? 623 720 9 S23 1000 1100 W S*lll Air. OaB F 920 1027 ) 120 ... ... . .. . .. , 9 ' ... 22 ** 444 261 352 322 332 306 4 4* 397 353 375 345 235 209 TBS 171 ... ... v .,. * ... 448 4 4* . . ** 293 257 233 210 ... f <t A 4 ft 4 * 1* .^4 . * / * .. 350 335 275 251 315 2S* 26? 23? ** ' * ' * *25 ass ,. 365 331 3D? 2S3 3)3 267 274 *' ' '* * .. .. * 425 332 ... 353 335 313 - ... ... * MS *18 3S3 395 364 35* 4 ... *502 ... ,4 **4 471 431 443 410 399 275 242 215 m 335 . 297 770 2*4 ... ... .. . * ... .A , ... ... . .. .. . ... .. . 4>4 444 4*4 433 355 322 291 363 326 7)7 275 4a * 444 44 4 *44 4 4* 472 ... .. . *25 322 34? 322 363 33* 30? *' ' ... .. * *8? m N** *35 S3 356 .. . >> 4 ... ** 52* 4 4* 491 445 456 42* 391 .- 4** 591 ... .. 553 552 518 475 4*1 TABLE VX1-B (Coal'cU HEM toss FOK-B5% MAGNESIA AND DIATOMACEODS SILICA COMBINATION He mine) HeB'Uol lAtwtcKlan ' Th>cfc*>*~ P jp2\*e, \>iAn L iO ri L?1, in. , K.___ . X2 1H \K 1H 2 1H 2)5 W3 2 Vn 22 2 2.4 23 2* 2>6 2 3w 32 3 33 3h 1H 3H 2 U }U 14 1U 2 Wj 24 3 2 \\44 22 2 23 2H 14 2H 2 2^ 24 2* 2 3 14 32 3 7r, 33 3.4 14 3b 2 U 14 14 14 2 14 24 6 52) 315 276 247 231 341 301 269 243 * < ^ee % * % $ * <4 v A 383 338 301 **=9* {he F (Tem*r*vr* *i 5v 7 too POO 1003 Tit 62D nd 5vff^>A<"S 720 520 920 256 339 333 2M ' 453 435 351 339 .. 414. 368 ... 33? 3>2 . . .. . ... ... 541' ... .. . -. . . 4S5- . 431 397 * . 555 535 ... 475 354 356 323 445 411 3$4 , < 41$ 370 332 298 " * ** * ... ... ... *f f %A . .. -.. 47 J iU 370 49? 442 2?4 458 405 365 339 A** * * 563 493 441 554 ... .. . 534 475 429 490 443 407 373 410 378 354 .. . 659 * ... ** * ... 564 506 ,,, 475 425 4D8 # noo " AJ J. _ n 1203 tt20 ..... ... *. .. ... ... * ... 572 667 S53 533 625 557 571 477 .. ** * . .. 642 .. < 594 $41 ... ... 557 09 555 53S .. . ... ... 7)7 ... . .. 668 . .* .. . 62? 573 .. . . .J-l------- ---------------- 1 T/JilX VU-B (Cc*td) HEAT LOSS FOR 85*/. MAGNESIA AND DIATOMACEOUS S1UCA COMBINATION PIPE INSULATION FOR NOMINAL PIPE SIZES % INCH THROUGH 18 INCH l.ki,t 0t>o *fHlcVn* *.............p.- *" *' `ToST* nV" 680 626 557 529 <<52 4 6K 55? $5* 536 69 65 6* 6: 18 m 1U ib 2 ib 423 36S 32S 519 453 404 620 545 483 721 <8 . .- . ib 2 3 to 295 366 558 652 495 573 733 ... .. . .* ** 22 2 2b 2 3 *4 443 . .. 439 . . - 5?? ... .. . 689 ..* . . .. . ** *- 2b Vb . 2b 2 P 4 2H 2b * 4 4* 2fc 3 (>4 52 619 <191 . . . 435 . . . ... .. ... ?X> . 82 3 ib SX> 577 660 .. 3 2 v 451 532 ... .. 3 Zb r * 4* 494 . . 3 3 671 755 3b m 44 # 3b 2 * # * 618 629 691 70? 4 ib |< 494 ... 586 654 scr u O ml SO /> Ul Z O < CD o \r% tn o < u; 2 5v-> OO Si *M * *2 *v%> s Ch <o S; o 2 ?1 : * b*> r> . K > . r f-s o CO K. *o *f*C KOr ,;' \ *-v, ' . i .---. /: . % - * oe *n f> c* " V> ry o r. * * - <c H*J - - Z- v r V.. . . - --h---o--ft iT" ^ a- -- o* i O. . -- *-r 0A *rt S r^ coco 90 - r- CD O .. _. _,,.>o ____ o 0 y> . m CE> -*o- ... **/> . * * .- C* p. -o "0" ox; n n r t% " 5 O V* ftfo-so Zg.tO^ C K. 6N o o cx o SO *x 2. * fr *2 33 ft 3 ft ftt-Q^D CN 8 ts w+ rs *-> o r r> o> U, m *r* 1? r\ V i J _K _ r* O -- o to cc ra fN o o * cvE vD * K 9 ft** o o o rs o o fx 'O c*> 2 " -C .o . WJ *w fN m ---- o in r? o o >3 n rt Cv O fv .. E- -. ST * J * & OW -* rt "X E -C *= H r r-> ><5 ,. . - #0 HEAt LOSS FOR 85 V. MAGNESIA AND DIATOMACEOUS 51UCA COMBINATION BtOCK INSULATION, VERTICAL POSITION g3 . c rs.. > 'ft 9*~ 28: mr--* K o ij - m tx at < r oS iv e. 55 V* OM SS *s Rs <o Qs 22 *P-8 > o A -- fPf 1-J 5- *|? 4 O e9 . o^1 o O-gN 50" CIO * Ii 5 ii. S So9 > r o S I K o -5g ss 5r*"*0 9 9* , ft o. m c* oo . * n f ^ <-> cs? ^ *o On * o * _ o - ^ r< o ^ r< A* a t*- ia rv <o o 28 O fv O5- sSo ^ ^" V V Oo oh'O* <3 - 03 v> ca oo fv 09 o p o* to r~i C9 a o W*> fr>i ^ (V r> r* ft * ft (O CD : --'' * o * ft * * o (Ofv g nf-t <o h*. O * o* x e c ^S r~> 9 $ cS n r.S <- d? 5- <N - f*> p r* 5C v ** D r *? ATE COLLEGE LIBRARY JCAH0 5 7 iD7.n ?;i ,d TRADE NAMES OF 85% MAGNESIA AND DIATOMACEO-U-S SILICA INSULATION-. 85% MAGNESIA INSULATION TltADE NAME* . MANUFACTURER* * Superlite Tbennalite j-M &5 Magnesia Featherweight Custom Molded Precirioa Molded The Philip Ca/ey Manufacturing Company Ehrct Magnesia Manufacturing Company Johns-Manviile Sales Corporation Keasbcy & Msttisoa Company Munde? Corh Corps?atic Pabco Products Incorporated DIATOMACEOUS silica INSULATION Hi-Tetnp Tmp-Cbel* Endiiro Superea Hy-Tesno type M* Type 319 Pr&seo ISC Jbajnrt 19C 7b< Philip Carey Manufacturing Company' The Philip Carey Manufacturing Company Ehret Magnesia Manufacturing Company JofenS'Mamiik Sales Corporation Keasbcy 4 Martisoo Company Mundct CorV Corporation Munde? Co?V Corporation Pabco Produrts Incorporated Pabco Products Incorporated Uodt names registered or copyrighted by tontrfoctvf*rt. SYMBOLS OF SUPERIOR INSULATIONS 11 PRODUCTS MUNDET GLOSSARY OF TRADE TERMS ASBESTOS: Asbestos products *vch as asbestos doth jackets. asbestos tape. asbestos paper, and as bestos cement, *1) made of mined asbestos fiber, ire used as finishing materials where high beat resistance LAGGING: Any ripe of jacketing materia) such as <3D\>i. ashes? os, etc. 1nrularion blocks used on e*m locomotive boilers are sometimes called laggbf. MESH (TIRE SETTING: Also called cerdng. combined with nonfUmmabiiirv desired. chicken wire, bw mesh. ere. It is zinc-coated iron or BANDS: MeUl strips. sometimes called strapping, made o/ s'.eel finished in black or gold lacquer. alu minum, brass, galvanized sted. staiale&s steel, one. fteel be*agonal wire mash, mesh si** used depend ing upea the particular install*bon involved. Most common})' used are J-in. and 2-in, mesh. bronze, and monel metal, Tbev arc used as fastening MITERING: Cotiiog insulation blocks and sections on insulation finished withpasted canvas jackets boo to fit pipe bends and other sharply curved surfaces. for securing block insulation to equipment such ts Mitering can be done with either a knife or a aw, .. tanks, etc., the particular material of which the bands or simply by shaping the molded insulation bv hand. are made depending upon the requirements of the ins!alia lion. BLOCKING IN: The process of, applying insulation blocks to irregular surfaces such as Citings, valves, ribbed equipment, etc. BREAKING THE JOINT. BROKEN )05NT.* la double-layer construction, stsgearing the joints in the outer layer with respect to the joints ie the inner layer. CABLE: Steel cable, usually Vfc In. b> diameter, used 1o fasten insulation to equipment surfaces, CANVAS: Cowon cloth used as jacketing for pipe . and equipment insulation. Cantat jackericg is used in weights ranging from 2 to 6 az. pet squ&se yard. Sewed canvas jacketing is generally so S-oz canvas. PASTE: A cold water paste made from organic ma terials and furnished in dry powder form. Also used in reference to a liquid silica:e of soda paste, which is heat-resistant. PIPE PROTECTOR: Meta) cap. made of SSVgauge aluminum, and fastened with a tongue clasp. Ap plied ever eroosed ends of pipe insulation. PLASTIC WEATHERPROOFINC- An asphalt emulsion mired with asbestos fiber of Crowding con sistence that is resirtam to fire and weather. POINTING VP: Tdljng in of voids, depresses. etc., in insulation with cement, REMOVABLE INSULATIONe Sometimes called `portable insulation.' Consists of molded insulation, CEMENT: Finish Cement (soft). This is a fibered asbestos cement mired with a be*!-rirtat binder. It may be given a hard surface by troweling and is used where there is little likelihood of wetting, either block or pipe insulation, and a wire form cosstrutted so that it can be removed and replaced qufefcjv and easily, as often as necessary, with mini* aura damage to itself or to the adjacent insulation. Finiib Cement (herd). This is a mixture of soft ce> ROSIN PAPER: Sometimes called building paper. men: and portland cement, generally jo the ratio of A rosb'uzed ihathing paper weighing about 40 lb 1 o? portiand to 2 or 3 of asbestos by weight. It pro. per ToUof SCO sq ft. duces a harder finish and is resistant to occasional wetting. SHEET hlETAL JACKET: A jacket made of ph*xoized iron, equipped with circumferential wwf longi Insulating Cement, 65 Magnesia and d5atoma-Totuj .silica is> crushed form. It is snised w^th wa^-er and troweled in place. Legging Cement. Prepared from a poh'viny! ace tate plasnc emulsion and used to cement jacketing material such as canvas to insulation. Asphalt (lap} Cement. An asphaltic scaling com pound used to cement or seal asphalt-saturated w eatherproof jackets. CUPS: Small pieces of metal which are w elded to a surface prior to insolation application, to, secure wires or bands holding the insulation, FIBROUS ADHESIVE: A thick, gummy, sflicateceroent base material, having some asbestos fiber muted with it. and used ubere necessary to aid in applying insulation. tude*1 expansion joints when ne-oessarv. Light met als are also used to me cases, STAPLES: Short iron staples applied wjch a stapliog machine or hammered is with a hammer. STRAPPING: Signed*, Acme or similar metal strapping tha> can be puUed tight with tensiwang SAs. WEATHERPROOFING FELT: An asbestos fell jacketiag. impregnated or "saturated' vrilh asphalt. Also available coaled with asphalt, in addition to being impregnated, Another type consists of an impregnated felt layer with an outer wnsatunted layer, for greater fire resistance. WIRE: Annealed iron, copper, galvanized steel, coppcrweld.aod monel ve, the gauge used depending upon the requirements of the particular installation. 70 SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY I.W. 8. Ktifemi: Kit TRANSMISSION. McSnw-Hill Bnoi Company, 3rd MftioA, 1954. ord Kcy: MRMODmWC PROmBB Df SFjUi John Wife/ l Sons, Inc.. 1936. 1 HEATING, VENTILATING, AIR CONDITIONING GUIDE. American Society of Heating and Ventilating Engineers. Annuot. 4.1. B. McMillan: HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH INSULATION IK THE MODERATE AND HIGH TEMPERATURE REtDS-A STATE MENT OF THE EXISTING DATA ASME Transactions, YoTtt, 1925. S.liL Heilman; TRANSMISSION OF HEAT THROUGH INSULATION. Mechanics! Engineering, July, 1930, Yoi.S2. 6. Marks, MECHANICAL ENGINEERS* HANDBOOK. M:S:sw-Hi!i Bpok Company. SiH Edhion, 1951. INDEX Adhesive (fibrous). deacripoon etf, p. 70 Air apace as Insulation, p. 7. <7 Air velociH' and surface resinance, p. <7 1 K-_J *- 17 * n./'*-. . . , * Cboducth-iry tear for 451! Wajaeti* and tkatoosacaous aibs. p 44-46 ' Conducts. definition cd. p. 46 Application procedure*. er fnruIcSson eppfcefl?on on Asbestos. description of. p. 70 Cornea] beneat venaeL, msuiatio of, p. 23 Cotrvecticm. definitive of, p. 46 Asbeswa earnest finish, application of. p. 37 insulation of ducts. breecLisp asd Buea, p. 26 Cos**.t bottom vouch. Jasulatioo oC p 33 * Ccrv^j plate insulation of, p. 29 fcuubticc of Bttiap and valves. p, Jp fcorulstion of *te*n> eL-vsai and drum beads, p. &5 iuu-iten of rtein headers asj ^avecDnu mbs, p, 26 fasutstioo of tusbmes. p. 29 Insulation of waterennted furnace walk. p. 23 Asbestos doth application of. p, 40 ianiiatiOB of turbines, p. 29 Asbestos products, description of, p, 70 Asphalt Up cemess, description of, p. 70 Asphah-wruraied asbestos fell, application of. p. 26 Derastty ^eEnidon of, p, 46 erf S5 Magesia. p, 11 ' Distosiuceotu tilia inrulaboa dexTiption of, p. 10-11 trad* name is. p. 66 Diviroo w&U tubes, jseuiatiaB of. p. 2d Dvu'oceeaer tubs. nwuistioa of, p. 26 Dnua beadl, jasulatioo of. p. 24-25 trying w*ter-saturated nuulaOao, p. 42 Baodv, description of, p. 70 Z>ucs. tasulatioD of. p 27-26 BcadiSg. application of, p, 27 Bibkogrephy, p. 71 Block iasulatioa application of, p. 22 combination B574 Mapaeia-djstetnaewus silica, table of beat losses of, p, 67 desqiption of, p. 10 *5'A Msfnesb., table ofbeat losses of, p. 66 Blocking in, description of. p, 70 Bolts. insulation ro allow hr removal of, from Bangs, p. 20 Eeoaosueal ihlektieu e ietfulatsoa, p. 24-15 EgvCnivfty definhio of. p, 46 of ioduO-jJ surfaces, value of, p. 57 Equipment, tnsulto'oe of, ue 2n.nJca.en application an |jcbio/en. iosulatipo of, p. 25 Erpaasm joints for soectJ jackets, p 40 Expansion, tbe-tnil, of pipes, table of, p, 51 froy, beaten and eachangers, p. 29 Breaking the joint, broken joint, description of, p. 70 Breechings, insulation of. p. 27-26 Bro. doSnitios of. p. 4S Felt weatberp.-ooSog. see ^'ccx^-praafr^ je~\ p. 70 Finish cecoent. description of. p. 70 Finisbes application of, p. 25-40 asbestos cement, p 37 Cable, description of, p 70 Calorie. definition?, p. 46 Canvas, dseripeson of, p. 70 Cenvu finish ftfion -applied, p. 17 jacket, p.35-36 Cement, description of vinous types, p. 70 Cement, insulating, p, 10 on fittings and vijuo. p, 19 Chicken vc, *e Wire neOm*. mesh, p. 70 Clips, description of, p. 70 Combination insulation description of, p. J0-J] beat loan, tables of. p 6145. 67 Condueune*. definition of, p 4b Cofidwmnee, surface, definition of. p 49 Conduraon, definition of. p. 4S Conductivity. definition of. p, <8 asbestos cloth, p. 40 arphih-utM/ait-ci asbestos felt, p, 36 canvas jacket, pasted, p. 25 canvas jacket seed, p. 36 facto.'y-appked carries. p.-35 enetai >cieu. p. 40 pliruC urstherpirof-os. p 36 removablr pane), p. 33 For-tnsistast finish, see AAvtai dost,finish, p, 40 Fuc-restmn: insula non. p. 22 Fsttiags Bulged, areas of. table of, p. 53 kuulatioo of, p 29 parted canvjj jacket lot. p. 15 Flange insulation application of, p, 20 asbestos doth finish for, p, 40 pasted oajsvai jacket lor. p, 35 Flues, insulation of, p, 27*26 FuroacT*-all injuiaooe oppbcaoon o(. p. to auH of. p 39 Cauje pitas urc. dcioicaoo of. p. <6 Hoaderc, Kunv cnndaaos of. p. 26 Htads of heater* mi eaehiajert, lasuiaoon of. p, 29 ofdrums. iasulatiaa of. p. 24-25 of shell nd tube busdlat, tondadoe of. p. 29 Heat, definitNon of, p,*45 HeAlfOi) onnual ccrt of, prapk of. p, 15 from over-jia^d pipis*. p. 4? Heat low tables combination bloc! cmhborw p. 67 combination pipe snJabos. p.'6S-ft5 S3 "re Mafncaia blcc& haaulafiiott, p. 66 857/ Mapsesit pipe tntula&oa, p. 56-63 boriionui bare necl pipe* and fiat eurfaees, p. 56-57 Heat-resistant finish. * Asbenor cloth /wuJ Heat o-atufer. nte oi, tncThci of catcsdaBoo, p. $7 Heat Cajumiition theory. p. 44-4? Heaters, insulation of. p, 9 Hu mesh, *<e UVre ostnf, mM, p. 70 Ht*h-tmptr*ru/c iasuUtioa, aee PiSomoeeoui aifcca Insula r>o$ eoment, description of, p. 70 Insulation air space. value of, p 47 eombi&auosu p. J&.J1 deSrtitfoa of. p. 49 design coni :fnooaj, p. 13-14 d^'mjtefv, tT-ans'*ied, p. 42 eeonemicaJ thicfcocw of. p. 14-15 efiect on pressure drop, p. 4" fallacies. p. 46-47. SmiHei. p. 33-40 fcre-mistans, p. 12 feneral discussion of. p. 7-9 history of, p 7 maintenance. p. 41-47 molded forma, p. 9-10 sepals of, p 42 structure of, p. 7-9, 44 auppen of, p. 17. 23 theory of, p. 7 '(***dietant, p. 12 Insulation application on bottom surface of equipment. p, 22 btce^hinfs, p. 27-24 cover plates. p. 29 downcomer tube*, p. 26 drum beads, p. 24*25 ducts, p 27-26 equipment. genera} discussion of. p. 22-34 Cjuipmeitt tuVrrct to ftrpaaxsioa. p 34 cxchia|on. p. S3 firtmjv, p. J9 fi*B**. p. 20 fives, p. 27-24 fumarr alls, ^ter-eooled. p 23 beaten, p. 29 irrepukr surface*. p. 2 parallel pipanj. p. 19 pipes, p. 57-19 removable, deacnptioa of. p, 70 routing equipment, p, 34 steam drums, p 24-2$ slum header*, p. 26 turbines, p. 29 valves, p, 19 vessels, p. 30-13 jacket, ascul tpplieatioo of, p. 40 deacripoeo of. p. 70 jacket, parted cvivm, p, 35 jacket, sev-ed canvas, appbeapoo of. p. 36 Joint broke, desenptson of, p, 70 erpantioo. for metal jackcs, p. 40 La spin*, descripoos of, p, 70. Lappinp 'cement, description of. p 70 Latent heal, defrvtion of. p. 49 Mipoii. 85 application procedures, p. 16-34 chemical nrurfwc of, p. 9 competition of. p. 7*9 economisl ihcsTtess of, p. 14-lS bre-resisiant, p 12 general discusnor. of. p. 7-9 hut lows. tables of. p 5b-63, 66 phv'sfcal pmperoes of, p 11*12 physical sTvctWr of. p. 9 trade names for. p. 65 vam-roitunt p. 12 Maintenance of iasulation. p, <1-42 ' Mb, Mbh. definition of. p, 4S Mean temperature. defiroasra of. p 49 Metal jackets, p. 40 M/tennf, desalpaon. p. 70 Molded formt, p, 5-JO Patt; description of. p. <(* Pipe horizontal bate steel, hca? losses from, table of, p. 56-57 Raodard *ise of ted-bruf *re ropper. table of. p, 54 thermal erpciuron. table of, p SI voided and seamless rtotl. nominal velphts, table of. p. 52 Rtpr insulation poihiai^TTLSf. _ __ combination insulation, p, 63*45 SS'Z Magnesia, p, -0 priiiiiVi&n" :-r^" r ` ' j^4.rte-<? coos** J*ei fo*. p. 35 aimplibed thidoeuea. table of, p, SO Tip* protector. deacripoo* of, p. 70 KVD'f %XatbeTpfOOfiftg application oi, p. 36 d-scriptsoo of, p- 70 maintenance.of, p. <2 Pointing up. description of. p, 70 RoeentiomeiRr, dcfiiJtioft of. p. 49 Rents ure absolute, definition of. p. 46 tirospberie, definition of, p. 48 drop in superheated fleun line, p.'4" gauge, defiwtion of, p. 46 saturation. definition of, p, 49 Pyrometer, deE ration of, p. 49 Radtarios. definition of, p. 49 Removable insulation description of, p. 70 for *nf, p, 20 /or inspecting rube seats. p, 26 for water rube of /uroace wall. p. 23 with metal to*-#n. for abelf and tube hurdle beads, p. 9 Removable paocl finish, p. 59 Resistance. thermal. definition of. p. 49 Resistivity, thermal, definition of, p, 49 Roofing fell. application of. p. 38 Resin paper application of, p. 36 description of, p. 70 Rotating equipment. insulation of. p 34 Sararation, definition of. p, 49 Saturation pressure, definition of. p. 49 Sectional insulation application of, p. 17-19 deteriptior, of, p. 9-10 Segmental insulation, description of. p, B-J0 Sensible heat. definioon of. p. 49 Sbcatbinp paper, application of, p. 36 Sbell. of sieam drvm, insulation of. p. 24 SK7) and tube bundle beads, insulation of. p. 29 Speribc hejt. deSniuon of. p, 49 Suplcs, tJcri^ion of. p, 70 Steam definition of. p. 49 flow vc)e<ify data, p. 47 preuure drop, `ditctmion of. p. 47 temperature drop. discwSoo of. p. <7 Steam drumr; fruu3ticw of, p/243: v ' .* Steam fced47i.*.i&sul*tio of. p. 26 StiffeoeniterobtiOB of. p. 27 Stuppibgtds'sori^tioo of. p, 70 SuperbiarJcm ducCj'o evtr-iujsd piping. p. <7 Surface cndurunce,*dettttWQ of, p, 49 Surface resirtxoce, air velocity ei on* p. 46-47 Surface lensperarure and daonrunaGoo erf bear Jou. p, 4&-<7 Temper*lure absolute, definition of. p. 46 drop in- superheated ecus, p, 47 definition erf, p, 49 Therm. definition of, p. 49 Thermal eooduetiriry tceu for. p. 44-46 o' 65* Magnesia. p, V. The renal expansion of pipes, tables of. p. S3 Thermal resistance, definition of, p. 49 Thermal resistivity* definition oi, p. 49 Tbiefcee&s of insulation dcierroinibon of. p. 34*3$ ecooorrucai. p. 34-16 s&npbfied thjcirxswa. pipe tnculasioa, cable of. p. SO Trade-maria, p, 89 Trad* names, p. 66 Trade terms, p, 70 Tubes copper water tubes, dimensions and weights. table of. p. SS di'ixioo wall, soiulatios of, p, 25 do*ooomer, insulation of, p 25 of ilc^wW furnace wafcs, insulation of. p. 23 Turbines, insulation of. p. 29 Vahes insulation of. p. 39 puled canvas pctcl for. p, 35 Velocity, us. effect on rurfset rtalnance of, p- 46-4" V'ibrsoon. anchoring insulation against. p 22 Vo>el>, insulation erf conical and cemvea boctcm, p, 33 bosisamaJ, p, 30 vertical. p, 32 Wtier-cooled fumice 'tlii finish for, p, 39 Instslttioo of. p 23 Wjtcr;nmant iruub&otup. 12 Water-saturated insulatioa. diying of, p, 42 WoatbetprooSnf. ter ?cnie ifiotzhtrprpofifig Weasbtrprbofinf fh, deacripcwn of. p, 70 Weight, welded and sea micas ateel pipe, table of, p. S2 Wire description of. p. 70 kept, applications of, p. 17 Wire netting, meeh. deaoiptien of. p, 70 G^&rrik Cf/turtcaa Gffksios Qorporaiiatt t$o OVtrtfi QVax*r 2biy* CkitAp, dllhuti S0S06 ^tiipLuu. (j>a) lli/AS JM 015 i FIBER CUSTOMERS i960 through 1969 ACF, Inc. Adel Corporation Aereset Aircraft Porous Media Albt Manufacturing Co. Allpax Company Amereoat Corporation American Air Filter American Cy&namfd Co American Pipe & Construction Co, American Wood Board Amkor International Amoco Chemical Corporation Asbestos Corporation of Am. Asbestos de Occidents S.A. (Suarez) Asbestos de Mexico, S A. Asbestos Products Mfg. Co. Asbestos Monterrey, S.A. (Suarez) Asbestos Textiles Company ASB Corporation Ash Corporation Armstrong Cork Atlantic Research Autocars, Ltd Babcock & Wilcox Company B al dwtn-Ehret-H U1 J. B Bealrd Company Beckman Instruments Bendix Corporation Black Sivalls & Bryson Blue Rock Mining Borg Warner Brazosport Plastics Brono &CID Wallace Buck Budd Company (The) Burlington Mills Calabrian Compary (The) Cat. Scientific Glass Calresin Company Canadian International Philip Carey CarHbean Asbestos Catalyst Research Celotex Corporation Cement Asbestos Certain-*Teed Products Cherokee A. W. Chesterton Chemt-Mechanlcal Chubb & Sons Chicago Firebrick Clark Asbestos Conneaut Plastics Continental Silver Line Products Conley Corporation Conwed Corporation Cook Paint & FarnDh Corlfce-Reynolds C-T.L. 3 CisCan Chemical Company Davis, R. L. Delco Moraine Detroit Aluminum Development Consultants C. H. Dexter & Sons Oorec Plastic Dow Chemical Company Durametallic Corporation Dow Smith Corporation Durez Platettc Dtvn Dysdon Products Detroit Aluminum Eagleton Engineering Eatorr-Dikenen Empire Corporation Enflo Corporation Ewing Engineering Exomet Inc, Flexitatlic Company Fltntfcote Flbercasc Company iUiASJW 015 FIBER CUSTOMERS CONT. 1660 through 1966 GAP Corporation Oarlock, Inc. Gem Inc General American Trans General Aniline General Asbestos Gasket General Fiber General Electric General Fire!ace Giffbrd-HIU America, Inc. Gladding-McBean Grace & Company (Central) Grand Haven Plastics Greene Tweed James K. Marbinson Haveg Industries Hays Manufacturing Compary Hercules/ Inc. Herb/ Foundation Hollingsworth & Vose Holmes Insulations Ltd Hooker Chemical Hooper Paper Company Hope Asbestos Holshouser's Horizons Inc. Hurlbut Papers (Meadpaper Spec.) IACA (Alslantes Indus) Industrlaa de Asbestos Cemento International paper Company International Vermlcultte Company International Wood Products Insulseat Johns'-Manvllle Corporation Justice, Mr. C. G. Keasbey & Mattlson Co Kellogg, M. F. Kenco Inc. .Keyes Fiber Company Knolls Atomic Power Know!ton Bros. Lab Glas Arthur D. Little Lockheed Ga. C. H. Loy Lubrixot Corporation S M Company Magla Products Marbon Chemical Mason & Hangar * Materials* Aislant (MASA) Mathieson tg McGinnis Marine Meedpaper Specialties Mellon Institute Merla Tool Mesa Plastics Midland Trading Minnesota Mining Molded Flberglss Monostructu re Monsanto Chemical Moraine Products George Morrell Morton Che mica! Mundet Cork Corporation Naogatuck Chemical National Gypsum National Starch National Tank Ntco Products Company Nieolet Industries Kay Asbestos Keene Corporation E. Kellerman O I. Orangeburg Manufacturing Co. Cvens Systems Owens-Coming Fiber Glass 4 uznsM ois FIBER CUSTOMERS January - July 22, 1975 Aladdin Products \tlas Asbestos Coroparry ftmeron, Corrosion Control Div. S Asbestos Textile Co. Inc., 911 1* Brown Insulating Systems Inc. J Celotex Corporation J I, Cement Asbestos Products Co. Conley Corporation Crane Packing Company Del Mar Western Chemical Inc. Dow Chemical U.S.A. (Texas) Exocham Corporation Fibre Process Flanders Filters Inc., Foseco Canada Ltd. Foseco Minsep, Inc. Garlock, Inc. Garlock de Mexico, S.A. Gulf Coast S & S Haveg Industries Inc., IrmattonsI Paper Co, Koch f-tberglas Products Co. Masonite Canada Ltd. .Vteadpaper Specialty Pittsburgh Metals Purifying Co. Plumo Chemical A.O. Smith-Inland Company Suarez Group T & M Rubber Specialties Therm-X U.S, Plywood Corporation | Universal Refractories Corporation Weyerhaeuser Company -v $ l UlSASJt# Q15 FIBER CUSTOMERS 1970 through 1974 Aladdin Products Ame rcoat Corporat1on Amercoat Mexicans, 5.A, American Cyanamld Company Ameron, Corrosion Control Dlvn Armstrong Cork Co., Inc, Asbestos Products Mfg, Co. Asbestos Service Company Asbestos Textile Co., Inc. Atlas Chemical Company Sendix Corporation Beetle Plastics, Inc. Srazosport Plastics Brown Insulating Systems, Inc, M. A. Bruder & Sons, Inc. C.X.P. Company Calcott Co., Ltd Canadian International Paper Co. Philip Carey Corporation Carbottne Company Caribbean Asbestos Products Ltd Carolina Gasket & Rubber Co, , Inc. Catalyst Research Corporation Celotex Corporation (The) Cement Asbestos Products Co. Certatn-Teed Products Corporation Chemical Development Corporation C is-Can Chemical & Industrial Sales Ltd Clark A'bestos Company Collagen Corporation Conley Corporation Control Industrial Monclova, S.A. Conwed Corporation Del Mar Western Chemical, Inc. OeSoto, Inc. Oexter Corporation Dow Chemical U.S A DurametalHc Corporation Evans Products Company Exochem Corporation Exomet, Inc. , Exotermicos Monelova, S.A. Ferro Engineering Company Canadian Ferro Hot Tops Ltd Fiber-cast Company Fiberlte Corporation Fiber Process Dlvn (Sub. of Lydall, Inc.) Fibreboard Corporation Fibre-Res Products, Inc. Flanders Filter, Inc. Fttntkote Company <The) Foseco Canada Ltd* Foseco Mlnsep, Ine. Foseco, S JfL d C.V. GAP Corporation Garlock, Inc. Garlock de Mexico, S.A. Greene, Tweed & Company Gulf Coast S A S Haveg Industries, Inc. Hayslte Dlvn (formerly Hays Mfg. Co.) Herty Foundation Hollingsworth & Vose Company Hoimes*InsJlatlons Vtd Hooker Chemical Corporation Insul Co., Inc. International Paper-Company Intematloanl Vermlculite Co*np&ny Iowa Paint Manufacturing Co., Inc. Johns-Marvllte Corporation illOASJUK 0 f 5 ' F!SER CUSTOMERS CONT. J670 through 1974 Kay Asbestos Compary Keene Corporation A' J Keltos Construction Co. Inc. Kimberly-Clark Corporation Knowtton Brothers, Inc. Koch Products Kolrane Products Corporation Koncrete A? soc. Products Kordell Industries Lab Glass Inc. Landis Sales Compary LefftngsweU Chemical Company Los Angeles Chemical Company Masonite Canada Ltd MateHales Aist antes, S.A. Meadpaper Specialties Mexalite Del Norte, S.A Monsanto Company National Gypsum Company (Gold Bond Bldg. Products) Nieolet Industries, Inc. North American Rockwell Cwens-Corntng Fiperglas Crp. PPG Industries, Inc. Pallflex Products Corporation Perlite Processing Pittsburgh Corning Corporation Pittsburgh Metals Purifying Company Plumb Chemical Corporation Polymer Application Inc. H. K PorterCo^, Inc, Productos Mexatit, S.A Ranisan Products Company Rasmussen Iron Works Roybestos-Manhattan, Inc. Readybuilt Products Company (Tbe> Rex-Buckeye Compary Rochester Paper Compary Rogers Corporation Alberto Rosa Rostone Corporation A. O. Smith-Inland Inc. Smooth-On, Inc. Spraycraft Corporation Sprlnkmann Sots Standard Refractories Ltd Stone Art Company Strathmore Paper Company Suarez Groc^gt Thermo Asbestos, S.A. Tberm-X Company U. S. Plyvocd Corporation United States Gypsum Company Universal Refractories Corporation Wagner--Insui Company Westinghouse Electric Corporation Weyerhaeuser Company 1120AS JJN.Q15 ' FIBER CUSTOMERS COOT. I960 through 1&6S P.P.G, Industries Pell Corporation Fallflex Products Pawhattan Peace Company Phillips PeC roleum Company Pipe Linings Inc. Pittsburgh Coming Pittsburgh Plate & Glass Pittsburgh Metals Plastics Engineering Plastics & Fibers Plumb Chemical Polymer Dispersion H. K. Porter Company Potlatch Forests Pratt & Whitney Premix Inc. H C. Price Compary Products Mexalit Products Technique Refractory & Insulation Rasmussen Iron Works Raybestos -Manhattan Rsychem Corporation Restroil Engineering Company Restate Chemical Corporation Roger's Corporation Rostona Corporation Frank Ruggies Ruberrlcd .Company A M. Safety Razor Sangamo Electric W. M Schultz Schundler, F.E. Seaiite Insulations Manufacturing Co. Shell Chemical Simmons Ltd Simpson Fiber Company Simpson Timber Smith & Kanzter Smooth-On, Inc. Southern Asbestos Southern Pipe & Casing Company Spaulding Fiber Company Special Electric Squire House N, H. Stark Company Stebbtns Engineering Sterling Packing Springfield Armory Strathmore Papers Structural Fibers Taylor Forge Techo Eterno Eureka <Suarez). Termo Asbestos ** Terrastone Inc. Thermoid %S>mpary Thiokol Chemical Toby Chemical Totman-Morgan Union Asbestos Union Insulating Unit Plastics United Bedding u. s. Ind. Chemical U. S. Plywood Corporation U. S. Polymeric Urviersal Refractories Vernay Productsd Victor Manufacturing Vimasco Corporation W K M Divn Wagner Co., Chas H. Wagner Insulating Wards Nat'l Science Waraham Manufacturing Company WeUn Davit & Boat 312'ASJWi 015 FIBER CUSTOMERS CQNT I960 through i960 West Jersey Paper Westlnghouse Electric Weyerhaeuser Company Whirlpool Wilkeft Insulation . Williamson Adhesive Wilt Faboratory Wood Conversion Company Wrenn Paper F. B. Wright WurUtascr Company Carl Zehr 48 Insulations FIBER CUSTOMERS 1954 through IS59 Aden Company Acetylene Cylinder ACF Industries Air Reduction Allied Chemical American Asbestos Textile American Brake Shoe American Insulator Amkor International Asbestos Corporation Asbestos Products Bakelite Ej aidwln-E hre t- H lU Battelle Memorial Blandy Paper Srunswick-Salk e Budd Company Burlington California Scientific Glass Calresin Company Capac Industries Campbell Fibre Glass PnlUp Carey Company Cherokee Chicago Fire Brick Cincinnati Milling Conneaut Plastics Control -Diamond Corn Products Company Dallas Stove M H, Detrick Dow Chemical Dresser Manufacturing Ourametalllc Durez Plastics (Hooker Chem.) Bhret Magnesia Empire Corporation Fiercest Compftrry Fiberite Fib reboard Foste r-Whell e r Garlcck, Inc. General Fiber General Plastics Glidden B. F. Goodrich Greene Tweed Haas Battery Haskell? Manufacturing Company Hawley Products % Hollingsworth & Vose Houston Construction Company Ind. Engineering Co. Insulation Construction Keascey-Matttson Kellerma^i Arthur D. Little johns-Manvtlle Corporation Johnson-Fsgg Inc. Matertales Aislantes Maxim Silencer Mellon Institute Monostructure Monsanto Chemical Moraine Products George Morrell Morton Salt Mundet Cork Corporation National Bruck National Gypsum 1125ASJUK 015 FIBER CUSTOMERS CONT. \954 through 1S69 National Tank Naugatuck Neches Insulation Norris Thermador Owen-Mathl son Owens-Illinois Pabco Pesce Company Ripe Linings H. K Porter Raytoes tos-Manhattan f? e si s to-C hem leal Pock Wool Insulation Rogers Corporation Rogers Slade HUl RuDeroid Frank Ruggles Refractory and insulation S. S. A. Sacomo -S l e r ra F. . Schundler Schramm Southern Insulation Sprayo Rake Sprtnkman Stebtlns Engineering Sterling Supply Taliman-MeCtuskey Terrastone Thermo Id Union Asbestos U. S. Polymeric S. Gypsum UU S. Mineral Wool U. S. Rubber Universal Packing u niversity of California University of New York University of Washington Victor Manufacturing W. K.M. Charles Wagner Wallace-Buck Wards Nat'! Science Ernest Werner Whirlpool Corporation Wilkin Insulations Williamson Adhesive Grant Wilson Wood Conversion Wrenn Paper Yardley Plastics * Carl Zehr * H2f>AS Mi 015 TEXTILE CUSTOMERS January - July 22, 1275 Amsron, Corrosion Control Dlvn Asbestos Specialties Co. A. W. Chesterton Co. Crane Packing Company Delaware Valley Pkg & Rubber Co., Inc. Gerlock of Canada, Ltd General Gasket Corp. Gordon Gasket & Packing Co. Hennig Asbestos & Packing Co. Hercules Packing Co. (RtcV^ardson Co.) Manufacturer a Inverslonista, S.A, M Mauritaon & Co. Phelps Packing & Rubber Co. Sacomo Sierra Inc. Sepco Corporation Tampa Rubber & Gasket Co., Inc. Ofr\Cfe L3C -I- 1127ASJUK 0/5 TEXTILE CUSTOMERS 1970 through 1074 Anchor Packing Company (The) A-rcy Manufacturing Company Asbestos-Fab, Inc Arbestos Products & Fabric ators eraiding & Packing Works of Am., Inc. Capital Rubber & Specialty Co., Inc. Carolina Gasket & Rubber Co. , Inc. A. W. Chesterton.Cofhpany Chesterton, Me*lcana, S.A. Crane Packing Company Delaware Asbestos & Rubber Company Delaware Valley Packing & Rubber Co. Dlco Plastics Inc Draco Mechanical Supply, inc. Smpak-Mex., S.A. Ethyl Corporation Garlock, Inc. Garlock of Canada Ltd General Gasket Corporation Gordon Gasket & Packing Company Greene, Tweed a Company Hennig Asbestos & Packing Company Hercules Packing C orporatlon (R ichardson Co. Nohl Industries, Inc. Phelps Packing & Rubber Co., Inc. Phbenlx Asbestos Manufacturing Co. Porter Hayden Company Raybestos-Manhattan, Inc. Carl E. Roeming Industrial Sales Rust Engineering Company (The) Secomo-Slerra Inc. Sepco Corporation Tampa Rubber & Gasket Co., Inc. Tri-State Roofing & Sheet Metal Co. C . E. Thurston & Sons, inc. Universal <9ll Products Company Industrial & Marine Specialties Inc. Interspace Corporation Manufacturers e*lnverstor>ista, S.A. M Maurltzon & Company Minnesota Mining &Mfg. Co. 112S.4SJ!Jff 015 TEXTILE CUSTOMERS I960 trough 1969 Aber Company Ace Foundry Acme print, Aerotec Industries Air Reduction Sales Air Research Manufacturing Co. Amercoat Corp oration American Asbestos Textile Corp, American Instrument Company Amoco Chemical Anchor Packing An Cor Ind. Plas . Arcy Manufacturing Armstrong Contracting Asbestos Duct Asbestos Fab, Inc. Asbestos Products & Fabric atlng Asbestos Products Los Angeles Asbestos Products, St Paul Atlas Asbestos S T.u. Engineering ttahmans Engineering Largor Lumber Say-Mor Corporation Pell ft Gossett Compary pelmorvt Packing ft Rubber Company Berwyn Lumber Braiding & Packing Works of Am. Bridgeport, City of B runswtck 'CcnT5o-ati<on CaCan PhiHp Csrey A4arufscturlr^ Company Cash ft Carry Lumber Compary A. w. Chesterton Continental Diamond Cooke Electric Corrugated Asbestos Crane Packing Company OCA Food industries Delaware Asbestos ft Rubber Co. Delaware Valley Packing ft Rubber Co Pennagan g Gold. M H. Oetrick Company Dow Chemical Oow Smith E. I DuPont Eagle Asbestos Empaque tadura s Eureka Packing F ft M Manufacturing Flberite Corporation Flange Klamp Flexco, Irw0 FlexttaUtc Gasket Fluoro Plastics Foster Wheeler Corporation Garlcck, Inc, General Asbestos & Rubber General Gasket General Refractories Co, General Steel Company D. C. Genter Company Georgia Institute of Technology Glastic Corporation Gi Ufden Company Grady C. Rich Grand Rapids Part Grant Wilson Great Lakes Carbon Corporation Green Tweed & Company Gulf Rubber ft Supply George v. >Hamilton Harco Chemical, Inc, L- E* Harnlsch *123.45 ,M 0/5 TEXTILE CUSTOMERS CONT. 1960 through 1968 Harrison Radiator Heacon, ?nc< Henntg Asbestos Hercules packing Company B1U Hirscbberg Hohmeier MlU Holder!e Eros. Hood Sprange Rudder Hope Asbestos Inc. Houston Gasket & Packing Company l.L.G. Elect. Vent, Industrial & Marine Specialties Jeanette Glass Company Johns-MSnviJl Products Kaiser Aluminum Kenmore Lumber KirkhtU Rubber Peter Knows Kovash Laboratory' Service Lewers 2, Cocke Los Angeles, City of 3 M Company Manufacturers e [nversioniste, S.A. M Mauritzon & Company McGraw Edison Miko Bros, Minnesota Mining Molded Fiber Glass Mosaic Building Products Morcon Chemical Mueller Construction Munaco Packing & Rvbbe r Co., Inc. New Jersey Asbestos Corporation Norwalk Truck Oxford Royal Mushroom Products Inc. Pacific Power & Light Packing Engineers Corporation Pan AmericanWorld Paul's Asbestos Products Peko TUe Phelps Packing & Rubber Company Philadelphia Asbestos Corporation Phoenix Asbestos PlUsbury Company (The) H. K. Porter R & I Corporation F. O. Ramsey & Company Ra>t>estos-Mar>haftan RefractoryA Insulation Corporation Relchold Chemical River Road Lumber Company Roeth & Cutler Rotary Company (The) Rust Engineering Sacomo Manufacturing Company Sacomo-Sierra Inc. Sandia Corporation Seal-Tlte Manufacturing Company Senn & Clapper Cabinet Shop Sepco Corporation Southereastern products Corporation Space Flex Corporation Alex Stafford Stebbins Engineering Ster-O-Matic Sterling Packing Stone Art Stoner Rubber Structural Forms Sunbeam Equipment 1130ASJW-; 0f5 TEXTILE CUSTOMERS CONT. I960 through 1969 Tall man-McClus key Taptlst & Harding Ten Copper Thatcher Glass Thrall Car Manufacturing Co. C. E, Thurston Turner Brooks TywOod Industries Unarc^o Industries, Inc Underwriters Laboratory Union Asbestos & Rubber Co. Union Carbide Corporation U. S. Gasket Company U.S Industries U. 5. Polymeric U S. pi>v^ood U S Rubber Company U S. Steel Universal OU Products University of Illinois USP Grand Rapids USP New York City USP San Francisco Ventura c/o Calabrian T E. vvannamaker, Inc, WeUn Davit Boat Wilson Raymond Woodall Industries Zia Company {The) U31ASJW 0 !S TEXTILE CUSTOMERS 1954 through 1959 . Abei- Company (The) Atr Research Manufacturing Co. Alexandrla Re 6. Algoma Plywood American Asbestos.Company American Asbestos Textile American Brake Shoe Ame rican Cyanarnid Anchor Packing Co. Anchorage Plastics Annhouser Schantz Armco Drainage Armstrong Cork Art Institute, Chicago Asbestos Duct Construction Asbestos Fab Asbestos Products Inc Asbestos Product & Fab Asbestos Products L A. Asbestos & Magnesia Asbestos Textile Astro Plastics Atlas Powder Babbitt Pipe Company P.akeUte Baldwin Hill Saifas Egg Products Beech Aircraft E/.rwyn Lumber Blew-Knox Brunswick Asbestos CTL C aUfornla Rubber Cairesin Calumet Building Calv/rec Fiberglass Canoflex AAT Capac Industries C eUcote A w. Chesterton Chetron Corporation Cincinnati Milling Cincinnati Testing Coast Manufacturing Columbia Foundry Columbia Southern Chemical Continental Diamond Cordo Chemical Crane Packing Company Custom Craft Dallas Stove Delaware Fire Equipment Co. DetHck, M. H. Diamond Boat Company Dutton Asbestos Ecko Products Eureka Packing ^ Fabricon F&duets Fairchild Engine Flrmallrte Products Flexco Inc. FlexltatUc Gasket Flexrock John Flocks r Formica Corpo* tlon Garlcck, Inc. GarJock Packing Company General Plastic Geneva Boat Company Global Packing Goodyear Aircraft Grant Wilson A P. Green Greene Tweed Hartford City Heacen Inc. Hennlg Asbestos Hills McCanna Holmes &N&n/er Hoskins Howard Boats Huncer Manufacturing Co. JIS^SJW 0/S TEXTILE CUSTOMERS CONT. 1954 through 195$ Industrial Gloves tng Electrio International Maiding Plastics Johns-ManvUle Corporation Johnson Fagg Kirkhlll Rubber Company LaSalco Liquid Nttrogr&n Marmyte Corporation M. Mauritson McC rakerr-Ripiey Metalclad Insulation Mississippi Power John Mohr Molded Fibreglass Mono&tr ucture, Jnc Monsanto Chemical Mooney Bros George Morrell Morton Salt Muff Inc. National Brick National Gypsum National Tank National Thread Naugatuck Chemical New Jersey Asbestos Company Northern Plastics Packing Engineers Pearson Plastic Phelps Packing Company Philadelphia Asbestos Pipe Linings Pipestone Pittsburgh Coming Plastic Products Plastic s & Coat Chemical Flaring Acc. Company PUbrlco Company Poly Fiber Product Tech Canada Product Techniques Q M Corporation Rgybestos- ibtenhattan Reaction Motors Reliance Packing Roeth & Cutler Ralph Rowon Sacomo Manufacturing Company Sobering Sc handler Seal Tice Sealview ; 3 Sentinal Glass Company A. O. Smith Corporation H. A. Smith Southeastern Products Southern Isolation Southern Ohio Fabricators Sparkler Manufacturing Company Ale* Stafford Standard OU Company Star Glove Statham Laboratories Stauffer Chemical Scearns-Rtfgrrs Stedf&st Rubber Sterling Supply Struct Forms Sunbeam Equipment Swanee Williams Taliman- McCluskey Tennessee Copper Thurston Union Asbestos University of California C S. Gasket U. S. Naval Ordinance U3.3A5 JUN 015 /( TEXTILE CUSTOMERS COhiT. 1954 through 1959 U S. Polymeric U S. Plywood, Baltimore Bronx Charlotte Chicago Cleveland Denver Detroit Kansas City Knoxville Louisiana Los Angeles Medford Miami Newark New York Philad el phia Pittsburgh Portland Salt Lake City San Francisco Seattle U. S Rubber Wallace S Gale West Back Wheeler Wood Conversion li34*SJUK 0/5