Document Lorzm882qa0gVVpvQ57NjvXQd

EXHIBIT "D" DOW POSITION STATEMENT - VINYL CHLORIDE There is much work going on relative to assessing the toxicity of vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) and to translating the data available into appropriate work practices which will permit the material to be manufactured, handled and used with a high degree of safety. The most pertinent toxicological data available may be briefly summarized as follows. 1. A few humans who were exposed to VCM years ago have developed cancer of the liver (angiosarcoma). The Intensity and duration of the exposures they received are unknown except that they are believed to be high, even to the extent of causing dizziness and unconsciousness. 2. Examination of all the medical records available on persons who have worked with vinyl chloride at Dow have revealed no cases of angiosarcoma of the liver. Exposures that occurred prior to about 1960 in the Midland facility were In the range of 200300 ppm on a time-weighted average (TWA) basis with peaks of short duration (minutes) ranging up to 1000-2000 ppm on a few particular jobs where documentation is available. Since 1960, when continuous monitoring was initiated along with a 50 ppm guideline, TWA exposures, with one exception, have been below 50 ppm with rare short excursions into the 1000-2000 ppm range. The one exception is a location where concentrations range from 100 to 150 ppm and respiratory protection Is required. In recent years, personnel monitoring at outdoor plants in other locations has revealed TWA exposures to be controlled within the existing Dow guideline. 3. The toxicological studies on animals in the Italian laboratories of Professors Viola and Maltonl have revealed numerous cancers of the liver (angiosarcomas) and other malignancies in rats exposed 4 hours/day, 5 days/week, for extended periods of time to VCM concentrations of 250 ppm and higher. At 50 ppm, one angiosarcoma and one nephroblastoma have been observed In rats that survived for 135 weeks, well beyond the normal life span. Mice exposed for 35 weeks to 2500 ppm have developed angiosarcomas of the liver, mammary carcinomas (possibly too few to be significant) and adenocarcinomas of the lung. At concentrations of 500 and 250 ppm, mice have developed adenocarcinomas of the lung but at 50 ppm no cancers have been reported. Intermediate and lower concentrations are being studied. 4. Toxicological studies on animals sponsored by American industry through the MCA are being conducted at Industrial BioTest Laboratories (IBT), of Northbrook, Illinois. In these studies, rats, hamsters and mice have been exposed 7 hours/day, 5 days/week, for up to 7 months at concentrations of 2500, 200 and 50 ppm. No angiosarcomas have been observed among the rats or hamsters, but tumors have been observed In the livers (angio sarcomas), lungs and subcutaneous tissue of the mice at all 000699 4 FRIDAY, OCTOBER 4, 1974 WASHINGTON, D.C. Volume 39 Number 194 PART II DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Occupational Safety And Health Administration EXPOSURE TO VINYL CHLORIDE Occupational Safety and Health Standards mO : RULES AND REGULATIONS 35891 open for a period ei Ume beyond August studlcs of Maltont and Bio-Test Labors- may create a carcinogenic hazard, the 12. to Allow Interested persons tc corn* lories. Moreover. Maltonl's Investigations amount of exposure which Is hazardous ment In writing on the str.lv. On Aucust have demonstrated a dose-dependent re- must be determined-The Sunteon Cen-o 26,1974, OSIIA announced Unit the pre- laxionsbip for. induction of tumors (Lew craTs Ad Hoc Committee 'referred to 'minor? study m avaiL-vbio and that more tumors occur at hlsher exposure .-above concluded that safe exposurelevels . --cmmenls were to be submitted no later levels*. -including angiosarcoma of tlie .for -carcinogenic substances cannot be than September1974 <39 FRKI844). liver, in rats. The investigations of In- v scientifically sdetennined.r.Thlg.-position * On September 13,1374. OSHA Invited dustrial Blo-Xest Laboratories have dem--ds supportedJay the testimony: of.N10SH 3 comments on both the preliminary and castrated analmilar .-relationship for .at the hearing, its recommendations for : the final study, which was to bo received , both rats and mice. These Investigators ^ standard of-no detectable kxeL and by 3 on or before September 25. 1974 <39 FR have induced angiosarcoma of the liver->the testimony of expert witnesses, from . 33009). abcnln rats and mice at exposure eoncentra the Natlonnl Cancer Jnstttute- r -^ <6) Environmental impact statements.' tionsof 30 ppm, and in hamsters at high- ' Several witnesses and persona who sub-oj A notice of Intent to file an environmen er concentrations of exposure. Additional^anitted comments have taken a contrary.tal impact statement assessing the im tumors involving other organs, including - -view and have suggested that man u less pact of a proposed standard on flccu-' the kidneys. lungs,-and skin of exposed, sensitive to biologic.`aberrations induced .? p&ttonal exposure to VC was published -animals, were also observed in frequen.-r**cfcy vinyl chloride exposure thanexpert- in the Fcceral Racism on 'April 24. cies much In excess of control animals, .mental animals. Proponents of this post-* ~ 1974 (39 FR 14322).'The notice-tamed''(The Incidence trf tumors in mice in the tion have argued thaSdLhnznanrvccre as any person having InformsMon or- data Industrial Bio-Test Laboratories tavesti- sensitive as -rodents;: smTepidem-.c- -of on the environmental impact to submtt it to OSHA by May 17. 1974. On June 12. 1974. a draft environmental impact statement was prepared and circulated to all Interested persons. Ten copies were forwarded to the Council of Environ mental Quality (CEQ). which published cations is particularly pertinent. Of 200 cancer resulting `TrooroVC "exposures J mice (100 males. 100 females) exposed to should have; slready^becirtdlscovcred.? 50 ppm of vinyl chloride by Inhalation for : mmong employees. Tliey also-argce that ' eleven months.-lOO died. Sixty-four ani- the employees Inwhom tumors have been malS died . Without gross Postmortem mtorvnl am time* whu hiwrMt^raM _ pathologic examination being performed, employment experience as polymenzaOf the 36 remaining animals for which lion reactorcleaners.Because ltl* gen- c: a notice of 1* filing and availability in *^W"^^^wtholooc exam^u-eraUy agreedjhat the Fsbcsal Recxstzk on June 25, 1974 (39 PR 22975). A 45 day period was al lowed for the submission of comments on the draft statement On September 5, 1974, the final environmental impact statement was prepared and a copy of it and an substantive comments were sent to appropriate. governmental4 agencies. tion was performed. 13 (* percent) .wolved high efiposbres-to vinyl chloride were found with aver tumors (Including ; in years pash lt ls argued that the lower -c angiosarcomas), 21 <58 percent) with " levels currently found in the workplace lung tumors. 9 (25 percent) with skin hare not Induced cancer and are there- tumors, and one- with a -kidney tumor. -fore safe. We reject this argument.- Slja v According to-the 1970 report by the-'* The -fact' that approximately three- Surgeon General's Ad-Hoc Committee:.quarters of those employees withTthe pa tne Evaluation of Low levels of En- - longest exposure ' to 'VC ~(greater"? than -^ofmental Chemical Carcinogens, tha -30 years since initial exposure) have not eeJtedd ppeerson^sS. C7EuQbpluSblhisheedd a notice of availability for the final statement on of cancer in two or moteanimal nyat been locatedrmakes tt impossible to species may be extrapolated to indicate Udeteimine the actual numtoerwfKffected September 6, 1974 t39 PR 32350). The submission of comment was invited un til September 25, 1974. The final state A hazardi4h0<*,W Hefe' ^`employees. The cases of Uvertumors.ob- -,j a Ending irais made ix> three species -served to date bawurirverage latency - that were exposed to VC by inhalation--^period, since initial exposures appnrn-^ ment and all significant comments have been carefully considered in arriving at the final standard an occupational expo sure to VC. ' V"' " ` (7> The record. The record in this proceeding is one of the most exhaustive ever relied upon by OSHA. lt consists of pre and post-hearing comments and testimony received at both factfinding and rulemaking hearings, the studies and Inspections conducted by OSHA person nel, the environmental Impact state ments. the economic and technical Impact studies, and all other relevant Information. In alL over 600 written com ments have been received, with more than 200 separate oral and written sub missions made with regard to the two hearings. The record Itself exceeds 4.000 pages. Employers, employees, labor unions, public health groups. Independ ent experts, physicians, research scien tists, and specialists In many fields have been Invited to submit Information and have made their views, knowledge and experience available to OSHA. The en tire record encompassing these submis sions was thoroughly reviewed and evaluated In reaching the determina tions set forth below. XL findings regarding carcinogenicity, exposure levels and feasibility--(1) Car Fears. If this:assumed th*Un->;< posure. In addition, there were at least reduction of anglosarcomsagna dose-re-... 13 confirmed cases of angiosarcoma,of mted phenomenon., and if employees en-m the liver among employees exposed to VC, a particularly significant number in gaged In cleaning Tractor*sdld. in J receive larger doses^f ivtayfcchlortde. It , view of the extreme rarity of this cancer would be^expectednhat asuch tumors i in the UJ3. adult male population (testi would be ohserved-earlier 'for thls-em-m mony of Or. Marcus Key. Director of ployee population; For;ttatt reason, the NTOSH, at the rulemaking hearing). : The findings of angiosarcoma of the Uver in both experimental animals and significance of presumed lower doses ; "cannot be accurately assessed;:untlls.: longer period of time-has'passed, as a > exposed employees is compelling evi dence that exposure of humans to vinyl longer Inductionsperiod would-be .... expected, u ii cvCi .BfiW'v.'. chloride induces this tumor. Industry spokesmen, at the hearing, conceded that VC Is carcinogenic for humans (e.g. testimony of Or. McBurney, Rulemaking hearing, 1041). Accordingly, tt tt con cluded that VC must be regarded os a human carcinogen, and the probable causal agent of angiosarcoma of the Uver, and that exposure of employees to VC must be controlled. ------ , ~ Additional evidence of tumor induction in a variety of other organs, including lung, kidney, brain and skin, as weU as non-malignant alterations, such as fi brosis and connective tissue deteriora tion, indicates additional oncogenic and toxicologic properties of vinyl chloride, which must be considered In establishing control regulations. (See testimony and results of studies by Bio-Test Labora ' Initiation of exposure to ^chemical carcinogens and induction nf cancer are " not necessarily synchronous events. Be- cause of the physiologic complexities in- ' volved with carcinogenesis, induction of ' tumors does not occur ln all employees s -with similar exposure histories. For example. Dr. Schneiderman- of theHa- Honal Cancer Institute emphasized dur- tag his testimonytbavoalyabouta.fifth -of longer-term heavy-^amoken develop "lung cancer. -Accordingly-the industry .-a contention that wxposurarievels have . been dramatically reduced since the- ^1940's tt not reliable evidence that cur- ; rent levels of exposure are safe. r-.-ja Some -industry spokesmen also sug gested that the apparent ,nonrandom - distribution of observed cancer-in em- ^ cinogenicity of vinyl chloride. The car tories. Tabershaw-Cooper. MaltonL ployees may Indicate an exposure thres- cinogenicity of vinyl chloride for three NIOSH. and SeUkoff.) . hold for tumor Induction, based on varia- " animal species (rat. mouse, hamster) has (2) Exposure limits. Upon finding that Uons In the workplace design of prac been documented on the record by the exposure of employees to vinyl chloride tice and resultant employee exposures . .- 3iU:.;r`3t :. .j nOttAl MOISTII, VOL 3*, NO. 1V4--riUOAT, OaOSU 4. 1V74 O'. * I , . . ^ w v.i RULES AND REGULATIONS 35893 and polymer industries. Employers who, temperature as PVC. for further pro below the action level, no further moni in fact, are substantially below ttu^ ex~ cessing. Indicates that a potential for re toring is required unless the employer posure limit will be subjected to only lease of the residue still exists. It ap-' has reason to suspect that any employee minimal burdens by virtue of tbe "action pears that the exemption of fabricated- is exposed In excess of;the action level, level" to be niwiwi below. - r-~xr.n-~ '*.! products should be limited to just those' or unless'changes have been made in -Where employers in the fabricating' Items which will not undergo such mm production, process, control, type of resin, industry have exposures approaching the beating. Further, the opportunity to etc. - .. permissible limit,-they will appropriately demonstrate that exposures are below Where the exposure level, without re be subject.to the standard. Employer* the action level, and thus, discontinue gard to respirators, exceeds the permis handling or using fabricated products many duties of the standard, provides a sible levels, monitoring must be conduc made of PVC were-not included in the ' more positive control and an adequate ted at least monthly. Where exposures ETS or the proposal and are excluded - relief, *20 sc::.. j: - - are less than the permissible levels, but from the final standard. This conclusion (2) Permissible exposure limit. The greater than the action level, monitoring . is based on the absence of adequate evi standard sets an exposure limit of 1 ppm'" must occur at least quarterly. , dence of exposnre to VC4n these opera averaged over any 8 hour period, and a , (5> Methods of compliance. The stand tions. The dnai standard clarifies the ex ceiling of 5 ppm averaged over any per ard. like the'proposal. requires that em emption by defining a fabricated prod-' iod not exceeding 15 minutes. - ^ ployers immediately institute feasible uct as a product made whaHy'or partly As more fully discussed above,* thisT engineering and work practice controls from PVC which does not require further limit is based on an evaluation of the best to reduce exposures to at or below the processing at 'temperatures, and for '- available evidence and bn a judgment permissible exposure limit. times, sufficient to cause mass melting of that the health and safety of employees Where feasible engineering and work the PVC. SPI and others <cf. TR. 344) must be protected to the fullest extent' practice controls will reduce exposures requested that PVC resins with less than feasible. In view of the fact that release below the permissible levels, they must 0.1 percent residual monomer be ex of VC in the VC and PVC manufacturing be instituted. Where such-controls will! empted from tbe regulation now, and processes are-variable, the 1 ppm ceiling not reduce exposures below the permis- ~ that the exemption level be reduced to 1 level provided in the proposal would sible level, they must nonetheless be im 0.01 percent in three years. SPI suggested require maintenance of an average level plemented to reduce exposures to the that the exemption of materials With less significantly more difficult : to attain lowest practicable level, and be supple than 0.1 percent of 14 carcinogens from through feasible engineering controls. mented by the use of respirators to pro 29 CFR 1910J)3p '<39 PR 3750) was an- Therefore, the exposure limit prescribed vide the necessary protection. There appropriate precedent The cases are not ' in the proposal has been rejected. - * " upon, a continuing program of engineer-- comparable, because no attempt bad been - 43) Action level.'The final standard, made to set air concentration limits for - unlike the ETS and the proposal, pro ing and work practice controls must be Instituted to reduce exposures to the low the 14' carcinogens. The record did not- rides for an "action level" of 0.5 ppm est practicable level. When exposures are Include information that reliable moni TWA. "one-half of the permissible ex at or below the, permissible exposure toring and measuring techniques were posure limit. The purpose of the action limits, the program may be discontinued. available. Moreover, the exemption djd level is to minimize the impact of {he Jth addition, a plan for-achieving con-_ not exempt airborne traces of carefaib-~ standard on the employers who have trol by engineering and-work practice" gens. The administrative cutoff was pro- " attained exposure levels well below the methods must be drown up and be made. Tided to avoid regulation of materials" permissible limit. Thus."Where the re-' available, upon request, to represent- about which there was no health haz suits of monitoring under paragraphs atives of OSHA and NIOSH., > ... ard information, and which would have (dHl) or (d)(2) demonstrate that no We -recognize that many -employers broadly extended the application of the employee is exposed In excess of 0.5 covered by the standard-can not cur regulation beyond the record. Herein, ppm TWA. employers may. in effect, be rently achievocompliance with thq per no information was presented to show exempted from some provisions of the - missible exposure limit solely by the use safe concentration results from the use . standard. For example, fabricators who of feasible engineering and work practice of resins with specific levels. Indeed, the are below the action level are not re controls. The record also reflects broad proposal to change the level later, when quired "o provide medical surveillance or generic distinctions between the compli Improved technology would permit such to monitor again, unless the employer ance capabilities of -the -VC and PVC reduction, "would seem to Indicate that has reason to suspect that any employee industries. Some Industry spokesmen, SPI has doubts about the safety of 0.1 is exposed in excess of the action level." including SPI (TR. 356-362), recom percent residue level. Diamond Shamrock In our judgment, exposures below the mended that a schedule of different per- (Exhibit 142) testified that there is no action level do not present a sufficient missile exposure limits and compliance direct relation. They Indicate that the hazard to warrant application of the en dates be established for the VC and PVC airborne concentration is more related tire standard to the many employers who segments of the industry. to the physical form of the resin and are or will be below that leveL This view assumes -that the ability and the ventilation provided. Also, monitor (4) Monitoring. The final standard. the time required .to feasibly reach in ing data from industry (cf. Exhibits 131, mre the proposal, requires that individual creasingly lower control levels is similar 168,170) and OSHA (Exhibit 151) indi employee exposure levels be determined. within each industry, but differs mark cate that levels in excess of 1 ppm may This may be accomplished by personal edly between industries. While tbe record be found in fabrication operations. In or area monitoring. Some witnesses and does suggest that such differences do view of facts and of thj opportunity persons who submitted comments did exist between industries, as noted above, for employers to discontinue many duties not understand the meaning of the term it is clear that intra-industry differences upon a showing of no exposures above the . "95 percent confidence level" in'the also exist. Thus..the ability and time re action level, it does not appear that any proposal. Essentially it means that tbe quired by each employer to attain lower residue exemption is either Justified or employer is required to take a sufficient control levels may depend upon such necessary at this time. This course also number of measurements so that the re factors as the climate in which the plant agrees with a number of Industry Pro* sults obtained are statistically valid. We posals <cf. TR #60). . - ~ - have modified the proposal to establish SPI (TR 345), among others, asked that compounded PVC pellets be ex empted from the standard on the grounds that the pellets had too low a residue to cause harmful or measurable emissions. While it appears that PVC pellets would accuracy range requirements for various measurement levels. These ranges are narrow enough to ensure that a deter mination of compliance can be made, and brood enough to allow the application of a variety of technologies have a lower residue level than virgin All covered employers are required to PVC. the fact that the pellets must be conduct Initial monitoring. Where moni heated to a molten mass at the same toring and measuring results are at or is located, the age of equipment, the size . of reactors, or the type of resin manu factured or used. (Snell study. Firestone testimony,etc.) . , Monitoring data also tends to support such intra-industry variations. (See. e.g. Dow, Firestone. Tenneco.) As noted above, the standard requires all employers to institute feasible engi neering controls to the fullest extent and to continue to improve and apply engi- FtDEKAl ttCISTEt. VOL 3V, NO. 194--DAY, OCTOSU 4, 1974 RULES AND REGULATIONS 35895 ment advanced against its use was that indicated that the medical tests proposed posal Is the requirement for maintenance the term "cancer'' or "cancer-suspcct are currently the only ones available .of monitoring records and "daily roster agent" scares employees -and that In which are useful for medical surveillance sheets of authorized, persons for 30 years. stead. the message should contain in (TR 121. Exh. 95. TR 589-591). Conse- Instead of 20 years. Additionally, the em- ' structions on how to deal with the sub quently, the specific blood tests proposed ployer. is required to. .maintain stance (TR. 347). We believe -that a - have been retained as a minimum re- records for theduratiohjofanAmployee's diluted form of warning will not suffice. quirement to assist the examining physi- "employment plus.20 years/pr 30 years. ,, We appreciate the concern of employers cian in determining fitness of potential whichever is llongefcvTft*' original ,pro- r* with the reaction of their employees. But employees for assignment to workplaces posal called for only.20 years:'*'~ V ~ ;;-j we consider it imperative that a:*rorfcer involving;VC exposure. In addition,.'al-. _ This change haabeeh Implemented be-" be fully informed, and that he realize the tentative medical examinations may be cause the latency period.fbrinductlon of possible risks involved In his occupation. used where the examining physician de- .angiosarcoma ranges up to 30 years from Coupled with the training requirement termines that they are at least.as,good initial exposure.'.Therefore, as. a mini- i in the standard, we believe that the signs - as those specified by the'standard.' " '. mum. medical records 'must be main- ^ and labels required will adequately In ' The Tabershaw-Cooper study and the ~ tained for atleast.thationg. lt hnniH be form employees of the hazard. In addi- ' various animal' experiments suggest that noted that Spdkesrkett forljpUt labor and *, tion. such signs will warn unauthorized VC may produce a wide spectrum of ma- industry recommended_thsft tfils change personnel to keep out of regulated areas. llgnant and non-mallgnant'disorders, .be madd.t"5n*^r'*" " ' The proper application of most protec- ~ The general scope of the required medical The .reporting/requiremeau1jxe .not., tlve measures requires an amount of examination has. therefore, been broad-* significantly different from those in the training and indoctrination of employees ened to Include kidneys, skin, connective original proposal. 'However, Instead of - that cannot easily be conveyed on a sign tissue, spleen, and pulmonary system, as _ihe requirement'for reporting incidents or label. Also, the variety of measures well as the liver. No additional specific '.which result in Che>releas(bf .VC faito that could be prescribed would result In procedures or tests are required..but rec- ''areas -where employees mayJse exposed, an unwieldly or excessively detailed leg- - commendations have been included in the 'the final standard-clarifies, our original - end. Consequently, the required message Appendix to assist the examining physi- ^tent hy. stating-that only^emergencies , on signs and labels will not Include in 'cian. Because of the nonspecific nature ..must, be reported."Alsotherequiremeut - formation on precautions.'^ relevant of the required medical tests, it Is nbtHTor 'filing a^ietafied,~written .report j- symptoms, etc. The addition of suitable appropriate to prescribe timing, or type within 15-days .has-been deleted,jt has " information by the employer would be of followup tests, or to mandate with- 'faoen grtni?1lld^ thefc .`arithln permitted, providing it does not detract drawal from exposure based solely on re- 34 .hours, of aoi "initial report that in- - in any troy from the required statement. suits of the tests. Instead, the employer .^eludes facts (tnnwHn'fciy -t The requirement in the proposal for Is required to obtain a statement from ', -ordinarily be sufficients However, if -the labeling containers of vinyl chloride has the -examining' physician' of the -em OSHA Area Director requests,further inbeen amended by deleting the reference ployee's suitability for continued expo- formation relevant to ihe emergency. the>ti to the possible hazard of violent polym- `'iure. when the examining physician has -employer fill e requlred.tofiun^jsh.such erization. Very little information was `completed such tests as he considers ap - information.\o no."-;rtoq developed on this hazard during the propriate. The employer Is required to . (14) Deleted.portions of the proposal..^ standard-setting procedure. It does ap- 1`withdraw an employee only when this The /proposal contained provisions rtp^ci pear that this hazard Is essentially under' statement indicates that, the employee "quiring thitaKamF-larilttW. injiirtat)].* ^ control and that the fire and. carcino may be at added risk from continued VC ~ rooms be provided, and that storage or ,;j genic hazards at present are the most exposure. ' ". consumption .of-foodbe iprpfalbitQi in significant. Since labeling or placarding As with monitoring., there appears to >egulatedArwu. We^nave/dfigtedAhe^a-: that is In compliance with the U-S. De be no basis for complete exemption of the .provisions beraiu.wi. jt jls oni*l|ifV><i> .o partment of Transportation regulations fabrication industry from the require- they are no longer necessary. ShowcriJvr_3 (49 CFR Part 173. Subpart H) already ment for medical examination. The rec- facilities, are not- required.because -pro- warns of the fire hazard, only a state on! does show fabricating establishments tective clothing.-. where .required by pthe ^ ment concerning the carcinogenic haz with concentrations of VC monitored final standard, should protect employees ard need be edded to the Department of considerably above the action level. In -from skin absorption-by -direct, contact - Transportation labels. these Instances, medical surveillance of "wlth.VC and-becausg.there.te no reliable (11) Uedical surveillance. The princi affected employees will provide baseline evidence that VC vaporr ls absorbed pal questions that have been raised re data for future evaluation of their health, through the akln-Jhladdltlorysincc-we garding medical surveillance axe the even if both monitoring and medical sur anticipate that most employees will not necessity and efficacy of requiring cer veillance are discontinued because im be wearing protective clothing and that tain specific serum enzyme determina proved controls reduce concentrations employees who wear protective clothing tions (SMA-12 series) and the applica ' below the action level. Where exposures will change such clothing.-infrequently, tion of medical examination require are below the action level, the medical we are not requiring that change rooms ments to the fabrication segments of the surveillance requirements do not general be provided. ..... Industry where employees are exposed to ly apply. . . . . . ' ~ in addition, we feel that there is -in lower levels of VC. The objection has also (12> Training. A separate provision for adequate evidence showing; .that-hazar been raised that the specification of tests ' employee training has been added to the dous amounts of VC can he absorbed and procedures interferes with the ap -final standard rather than Including It through ingestion. 'For this reason, the, plication of advances In medical knowl within the section on emergency situa requirement prohibiting .thtustorage or edge. ' - - " ' - ' ' ;i. """"" tions as in the proposal. The new para "consumption of food lu regulated'areas A particular difficulty In considering graph provides for training of employees has been deleted. `' ", medical surveillance Is that the most concerning the carcinogenic hazard of The proposal also contained provisions commonly discussed lesion, angiosar VC. emergency procedures, the need for on malntentance and decontamination, coma of the liver, currently cannot be monitoring and an annual review of the' ^transportation loading and unloading. diagnosed until the victim is terminal -standard. It also provides for training of and polymer handling operations. These. and. usually. Within months of death. employees concerning the purpose for. requirements are mot mentioned in the Precursor physiologic alterations, which proper use of. and limitations connected final standard because attention to these might be reversible, have not yet been directly associated with the lesion. Con sequently, there are no specific diagnos tic tests which can be prescribed which will determine presence or absence of with respiratory protection. (13) Records and reports. The provi sions for recordkeeping contained In the final standard require the preparation and maintenance of essentially the same items Is implicit In the requirement that each employer reach the permissable ex posure limit or attain the lowest feasible level. (IS) Effective date. In order to ensure this tumor at an early stage of develop Information required by the proposal. that affected employers and employees ment. However, most mcoical witnesses The major change from the original pro- will be informed of the existence of these i: .-ft .-'.t:?-/.' KOEKAl UOISTIC. VOL 3f, NO. 194--FtlOAY, OCTOtU 4, 1974 35896 RULES ANO REGULATIONS provisions and that employers affected of the operation or bceanse of an acci opportunity to observe the monitor are given an opportunity to familiarize dent in the operation, which would result ing and measuring required by thi themselves and their employees with the in an employee exposure in excess of the paragraph. -- - existence of the, new requirements, the effective date of the amendment to 11910J3q will be January 1,197S. To pro* vide continued protection for employees until that date, the provisions currently contained in 11910J3q -are hereby permissible exposure limit..,, . ?c:ut? <e) Regulated area. (1) A regulated (8) "OSHA Area Director" means the area shall be established where: Director for -the Occupational Safety "nHFlnvtcMarMe or polyrlnrl chloride and Health Administration Area Office is manufactured, reacted,, .repackaged, having jurisdiction over the geographic stored, handled nr used:Jtod ;,7 -V area in which the employer's establish-' (U) Vlnyl chloride concentrations are promulgated, pursuant to section.fl(b),-- tnent la located. 6(e) and 8(c) of the Occupational Safety -(9) "Polyvinyl chloride" means poly in- excess - of the permissible exposure limit. 5." and Health .Act.-as an occupational vinyl chloride homopolymer or copoly - (2) Access -to'regulated areas shall be safety and .health standard effective October 4. .1974. -the amendment to mer before such cated product. is converted,to a fabric wasl:-.*- - --- sn- limited'to authorized persons. A daily roster shall be znade pf authorized per 11910-93q. set-out below will supersede (10) "Vinyl chloride"-.means Vinyl sons who enter^;. ...-'' these provisions as of January ,1. 1975. chloride monomer.a: naMiqsi *$tY~Mcthod1af, compUance. Employee Accordingly, upon consideration of the. (c) Permissible exposure Unit. (1) No exposures to y^nxl chlorideaha 11 be con whole record of this preceding. Part 1910 employee may be exposed"toivlnyl chlo- trolled to at brJBelow the perintssible ex of Title 29. Code of Federal Regulations ride at concentrations greater than 1 ppm is amended, effective January 1. 1975. by averaged over any 8-hour period, and posure limit provided lh paragraph (c) of this section.by engineering, work prac revision of 11910.93q to read as follows: 8 1910.93<j 'Ylnyl chloride. (a) Scope- and application, ill This section'includes requirements for the control of employee exposure to vinyl .(2) No employee may be exposed to vinyl chloride at concentrations greater tice, and personal-protrotive controls as . follows: . : than 5 ppm averaged over exceeding 15 minutes. any period not ... rtl) . Feasible, engineering wand woric practice controls .shall Immediately bo "73 > Ro employee may be exposed to used to reduce exposures to at or below vinyl chloride by direct contact with the permissible exposure limit, chloride (chloroethene)Chemical Ab liquid vinyl chloride-?- . :.w_ . ^ (2) Wherever feasible engineering and stracts Service Registry No. 75015 (d) Momtonng. ili A program of work practice controls which can be in- (2) This section applies to the manu- :initial monitoring and measurement* stitnted immediately are not sufficient to facture, reaction, packaging, repackag- -shall be undertaken in each establish- reduce exposures to at or below the per- ing. storage., handling or use .of -vinyl ment to determine if there is any em- - missible exposore limit, they hall none- ehloride or polyvinyl chloride, but does , yployee exposed, without regard to the use theless be-me*-to reduce exnc-ures to not apply to the handlina or use of fabri- of respirators, in excess -of-the action the lowest practicable level, and shall be ated products made of polyvinyl chlo ride. .------4 .-.c, 2--t.-. - 'i- supplemented by respiratory protection 12), wnere ft ancmiinauon conducted in accordance with DftrtsnDh'Uicf i.hu (3) This section applies to the trans under paragraph (d)(1) of this section "section. A program sbaJLTheertabllshed portation of vinyl chloride or polyvinyl sho^ any employee exposures,-Without "and implemented to reduce exposures to . chloride except to the extent that the regard to the use of respirators, in ex- at or below the permissible - exposure Department of Transportation -may cess of the action level, a program for de- -Hmit. or to the greatest extent feasible.- regulate the hazards covered by this sec-"-termining exposures for each such em-^solely by means of engineering and work Uon. ' - ployec shall be established. Such a pro- practice controls, tns soon aaleasUile. - VI <b) Definitions, fl) "Action Jevel" gram: . ------v - item m (3) Written plans for such a program means a concentration of vinyl chloride (1) Shall be repeated et least monthly- shall be developed and furnished upon .doa#f A0.5C ppm averaged aowver sann 8A _-hkao*uar awwoMrakU awrhtteMrea aantwy e--mpallmoyeem 4ism eaaxpio<is e dil, awJiiWthdoauiSt requesdt mfor e*xamination and copying to day. . , . ... ") - * - regard to the use of rcoiratots. in ex- authorized representatives of the Arsis- (2) "Assistant Secretary*" means the cess of the permissible exposure limit."' _tant Secretary and the-.Director. *uch Assistant Secretary of Labor for Occupa (il) Shall be repeated not less than plans shall be updated at least every six tional Safety and Health. US. Depart quarterly where any employee is exposed, months. ment of Labor, or his designee.' T V. ~ without regard to the use of respirators. (g) Respiratory .protection. Where (3) "Authorized person" means any In excess of the action level. --- - respiratory protection Is required under person specifically authorized by the em (ill) May be discontinued for any em ..this section:. ... ... .. . . - ployer whose duties require him to enter ployee only when at least two consecu . (1) The employer shall '. provide a a regulated area or any person entering tive monitoring determinations, made not respirator which meets the requirements such an area as a designated, representa less than 5 working days apart, show ex of this paragraph and shall assure that tive of employees for the purpose of ex posures for that employee at or below the employee uses such respirator, except ercising an opportunity to observe moni the action leveL - - Ithat until December 31.1975. wearing of toring and measuring procedures. (3) Whenever there has been a pro respirators shall be at the discretion of (4) "Director" means the Director. duction. process or control change which each employee for exposures net In ex- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. US. Department of Health. Education, and JWeUare, or Sis soi-.c -- (5) "Emergency" means any occur rence such aa, but not limited to, equip ment failure, or operation of a relief de may result in an increase in the release of vinyl, chloride, nr the employer has any other reason to suspect that any em- ployeo may be exposed in excess of the action level, a determination of employee exposure under paragraph (d) (1) of this section shall be performed. cess of 25 ppm.- mefisurea over any 15- anajag^erifldrLrhtiTOectgnber 31.1975. each employee who chooses not to wear an appropriate-respirator shall be In formed at least quarterly of the hazards of vinyl chloride and the purpose, proper use. . and limitations of respiratory vice which is likely to, or does, result In (4) The method of monitoring'and devices. " ' massive release of vinyl chloride. measurement shall have an accuracy (2) Respirators shall be selected from (6) "Fabricated product" means a (with a confidence level of 95 percent) of among those Jointly approved by the product made wholly or partly from not less than plus or minus 50 percent Mining Enforcement and Safety Admin polyvinyl chloride, and which docs not from 0.25 through 0.5 ppm, plus or minus istration. Department of the Interior, require -further processing at tempera 35 percent from over 0.5 ppm through and the National Institute for Occupa tures, and for times, sufficient to cause 1.0 ppm. and plus or minus 25 percent tional Safety and Health under the pro mass melting of the polyvinyl chloride over 1.0 ppm. (Methods meeting these visions of 30 CFR Part 11. resulting in the release of vinyl chloride. (7) "Hazardous operation" means any operation, procedure, or activity where a release of either vinyl chloride liquid or gas might be expected os a consequence accuracy requirements are available in the "NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods"). (5) Employees or their designated rep resentatives shall be afforded reasonable (3) A respiratory protection program meeting the requirements of 11910.134 hail be established and maintained. (4) Selection of respirators for vtnyl chloride shall be as follows: FEDEtAl EEGISTE*. VOL 3V. NO. 194--HIDAY. OCTOtU 4, 1974 000 jL) i 1910.1000 Till* 29--Labor Subpart Z--Toxic and Hazardous Substances Sousa: 39 FR 23502, Jus* 77. 1974, unless otherwise noted. Redesignated it 40 FR 77073, May 28, 1979. 11910.1000 Air contaminants. An employee's exposure to any mate* rial listed In table Z-l, Z-2, or Z-3 of this section shall be limited In accord ance with the requirements of the follow ing paragraphs of this section. (a) Table Z-l: (1) Materials with names preceded by "C"--Ceiling Values. An employee's ex posure to any material In table Z-l, the name of which is preceded by a "C" (e.g,, C Boron trifluoride), shall at no time exceed the ceiling value given for that material In the table. (2) Other materials 8-hour time weighted averages. An employee's expo sure to any material In table Z-l, the name of which Is not preceded by "C". In any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, shall not exceed the 8-hour time weighted average given for that material In the table. (b) Table Z-2: (1) S-hour time weighted averages. An employee's exposure to any material listed In table Z-2, In any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour work week, shall not exceed the 8-hour time weighted average limit given for that material In the table. (2) Acceptable ceiling concentrations. An employee's exposure to a material listed In table Z-2 shall not exceed at any time during an 8-hour shift the ac ceptable celling concentration limit given tor the material in the table, except for a time period, and up to a concentration not exceeding the maximum duration and concentration allowed in the column under "acceptable maximum peak above the acceptable celling concentration for an 8-hour shift". (3) Example. During an 8-hour work shift, an employee may be exposed to a concentration of Benzene above 25 ppm. (but never above 50 ppm.) only for a irurimiim period of 10 minutes. Such ex posure must be compensated by expo sures to concentrations less than 10 ppm. so that the cumulative exposure for the entire 8-hour work shift does not exceed a weighted avenge of 10 ppm. (c) Table Z-3: An employee's expo sure to any material listed in table Z-3, In any 8-hour work shift of a 40-hour 504 Chapter XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Admin. $ 1910.1000 work week, shall not exceed the 6-hour time weighted average limit given lor that material In the table. (d) Computation formulae: (1) (1) The cumulative exposure lor an 6-hour work shift shall be computed as follows: r=CT+C*T*+ ... CmT W*urUJ Aetotl eon* centmion of 6-hoar spasm t-boor time wjfhu4 overM* trpotv limit Xeetone (Table Z-l)fiOO p.pan... 1,000p.p.za. 2-Euthaone <T*bl* Z-l).,. 45 p.pjn.... 200p.pjn. Toluca* (TabU 2-2)...........40 p.p-m.... 200 p.pjn. Substituting In the formula, we have: Wboro: E Is the equivalent exposure for the work ing shift. O is the concentration during any period of time T where the concentration remains constant. T is the duration In hours of the exposure et the concentration C. The value of E shall not exceed the 8hour time weighted average limit In table Z--1, Z-2, or Z-3 for the material Involved. (11) To illustrate the formula pre scribed in subdivision (1) of this subpara graph. note that Isoamyl acetate has an 8-hour time weighted average limit of 100 p.p-m. (table Z-l). Assume that an employee is subject to the following exposure: Two hours exposure at 150 p.pxo. Two hours exposure at 75 p.pm. Four hours exposure at SO p.pm. Substituting this Information In the formula, we have 2X150+2X75+4X50 --------------------------------- =81.25 p.pxn. 8 Since 81.25 p.pm. Is less than 100 p.pum. the 8-hour time weighted average limit, the exposure Is acceptable. (2) (1) In case of a mixture of air con taminants an employer shall compute the equivalent exposure as follows: e e, c. .=----+--+ . . ---- L, U. Wbere: Zm la the equivalent expoeure for the mixture. C la the concentration of a particular con taminant. h la the exposure limit for that contami nant, from table Z-h Z-2, or Z-8. The value of E. shall not exceed unity (1). (11) To Illustrate the formula pre scribed In subdivision (1) of this sub- paragraph. consider the following exposures: 600 45 40 Em = " +----+-- 1.000 200 200 E-=0.500+0-225+0200 X.=0X25 Since E. Is less than unity (1). the expo sure combination is within acceptable limits. (e) To achieve compliance with para graph (a) through (d) of this section, administrative or engineering controls must first be determined and Imple mented whenever feasible. When such controls are not feasible to achieve full compliance, protective equipment or any other protective measures shall be used to keep the exposure of employees to air contaminants within the limits pre scribed In this section. Any equipment and/or technical measures used for this purpose must be approved for each par ticular use by a competent Industrial hygienist or other technically qualified person. Whenever respirators are used, their use shall comply with f 1910.134. Tuu Z-l Snbstanea P.PA.* mrJH" Acetaldehyde.......................... 200 Acetic odd............ ..........--.. 10 Acetic anhydride......... --........ . s Acetone...................................-- 1,000 Acetonitrile............................ . 40 Acetylene dichloride, ice L 2- Plehlonethylene....................... Acetylene tetrabromide....-- 1 Acrolein........................ Acrylamide--Skin--------------- .... ai Acrylonitrile--Pkln----------- ------ Ally) alcohol--Skin------ ........ Ally! ehloride............................ --C AUyldyddyl ether (AOE). Allyl propyl disulfide................. 9Amtnorih*faol, ate Ethanol- unto*.... S-Amlnopyridlne......................... --Ammonia................................. Ammontom aoUamate (Am- 2 1 10 2 a> 0 h-Anryl acetate........................ arc-Amyl acetate......................... Aniline-Skin.............................. Antstdtne (a. p-laamen)--Skin-- Antimony and oompoondi too US 1 (a* Sb).............................. ........ See footnotes ot tad of tnblo. .e M0 2S 20 2.400 70 14 &2S 44 0.24 4 2 45 U i 28 14 424 880 18 A8 41 505  1910.1000 Title 29- Labor TsSlt Z-l--Continued Tabls Z-l--Continued Snbrtsnre p.pjU.a TBtJii* * Sabsuni* p.pjs.* m(JU' ` AST'S (alpha naphthyl Coal tar pitch volatile* (berv % thtSUTfl)................................. . ArsrMc and com.pcunrtj (aa As).. Anr*....................................... Azir.rhor-nethyi--Skin........... . O.OS OS ten., anluble Iractlon) anthra as cene. RaP phenanthrene. ai az acridine, tnrysene. pyrene...... Colalt. metal lumc ami dust.... 02 01 Br.;n (solubl* compounds)..,. p.fc cntooulnon*. sc* Qulnooe... B*r-oyl r^roxtCe__ --_____ ....... chSono................... . Birhenyl, see Dirhnyl........... . Blsp htaol A. see Dljlyeldyl Bcrcr. elide..................................... C Boron trlflcoride.............. 1 Bromine......................... ....... at Bromoiorm--Skin________ -- a S Rjixdlene (1. J-tycadtenf)..... 1,000 Baline tMol. set Butyl met- as is S 07 $ 2. MO Copper fame.................. ............. Hurts and Mists--.................... Cotron dust <rsw),,............ ......... Crac'S herbicide........................... Cresoi (all Isomers)--Skis......... Croton aldehyde Cumene--Skin...................... ... Cyanide (a* CN)--Skin.............. Cyclohexane.. _______ Cycloheianol ........... ............ Cyclohexanone_________ ______ Cvciohesene................ . Cyclopentadlene. s z so 300 50 SO SOO 78 01 I 1 IS 22 S Z4S S 1,050 zoo 200 1.015 zoo esptan............................. ...... ....................... 2-Futanone.................. ZOO Z-Putoiy ethanol (Butyl Cel- iasol)--6kln.............. SO S00 240 2. 4-D............................... ............. DDT--Skin..................... ............. DDVP. see Dlchloreoe____ ..... Deeahorine-- Skin__ ....----. oos 10 l ot Butyl aeeute (n-butyl aotute). ISO Sec-Butyl areUte___ _... ZOO tert-Butyl aeeute.....________ ZOO Buryi alcohol--_____ .......... 100 ee-Bury! alcohol............... ISO tervBctyl alcohol________ 100 C Butylaratne---Skin....______ S C tert-Butyl chromate (as CrOit-- Skm.......................................... a-Butyl glycidyl ether (BOE),, SO Bctyl mereapun--------------- ... D-teruButylioluene____ 10 10 Cairioa arsenate..........-------------------------- Ca.clam oxide--_____ _--..........--.... Camphor_______ --_____-- Z-- Camaryl (Sena )---- ----------------------- no tso so 300 430 too IS 01 270 33 <0 1 _s__ s Demeton- Skin....................... Dlaeetone alcohol (4-hydroxy. 4-methyl-2.pemanone)--.... so l,2dllamlnoethane, see Eihylenedtamlne--------...----- Dlaxometbane--___ ---------- - 02 Diborane.......................---- 01 Dlbutylphthalate. C o-Dlehlorohentena_______ ... SO p- Dlchloroheniena..................... 75 Dtehlorodiflooromethan* 1,000 l^-DtehloroAA-dlae.thyl bcduitoln...................--... --> 1,1-Dlehloroethane..__________ ido 1.2-Dlchloroethylene. _______ -- 200 C Dlchlarortbyl ether--Skin... U 01 MO 04 Ot S SOO 4*0 4.030 02 400 TOO (0 Carbon Mark............ ........ ... Carbon dioxide.............. .--... A000 Carbon monoxtde.SO C-lordane--Skin_____________ ______ Chlorinated cmmphene--Skin.___________ Chlorinated diphenyl oxide---------- --.... Chlorine.. 1 Chlorine dioxide___ __________ ai C Chlorine rrtfluorldt.......... C Chloroaeeuldebyde..------ --. at l -Chloroac*ioPnenone <phenecylehloridel ... a os Chlorobenzene (oonochloro- benzene)____ .-- mChlnrobensytiden malononltnle (OCBM)......... Chlcrohromomeihane n a os zoo BCh'oro.l.3-l>utadiene. l* Chloroprene.. Cblnrodiphenyl (4Z percent Chlorine)--Skin....... ......... Cklorodtphenyl (S4 percent Chlorine)--Skin----------- .-- tCblnro.Z.J-epnrypropane, aee i.000 tt OS os OS 3 03 04 3 03 330 0.4 uora I 03 Dlehloromethane, Methyleneehlorlds. Dlehloromonoflaoromtthsne.-. 1.000 4,200 C 1.1-DlchJoro-l-nltroettians--. U-DIchloroprnpane. aee 10 00 Propylenedichlortde... DlehioroietraOunroethene_____ 1.000 7,000 1 Dleidrin--Skis..... Dlethylamlne............................. Dlrthylamlno ethanol--Skis. .. ZS to ozs 78 SO Dlethylether. see Ethyl ether... Dlffaorodibremomethane--___ 100 HO C Dlklrddyl ether (DOE)..-- Dihydrotybentene. rat OS & Hydroaulnone..--_...... DUsobutrl ketone..___ --a.-- so zoo"' Dlisopropy lamlne--Sktn_ Dtmeihosymethine. aea s 20 Methylal..... ................... exeeeeeeaaa* eaaeaa, Dimethyl acetamide--Skin.--. 10 U Dlmethylamlne____ ________ _ Dlmethylarainobenzene. tee 10 IS Xylldene.................................. Epleblorhydrtn-- BCbloroethanol. sea Ethylana chlorobydrin. Chloroethyleoe. set Vinyl DimethylsniUne(N-dImethyl- aniline)--Skin..... S Dlmethylbenxene. see Xylene............... Dimethyl 1.2-dlhromoA2-<U- chloride....... ..................... C CMormons (trtehlorm methane)....... ...... ..........- SO chloroeteyl phosphate. (Dlbrofn)_ DifattnyUWmamldo--Skin-- S SO l-Chloro-l-Mtropnpeao.... 30 100 2^-Dlmethylhepunooa. ms Chlaroplcnn.. Ol 07 DUsobutyl ketooo.__ ____ _ Chloroprene Ochlerml.3' boUdleoe)--Skin______ 1.1-Dtmethylhydnufae--Skin-- 03 Dlraethylphtbalate.___________ __________ I S Chreama. soL chromM, Dlmethyisultate--Skin.--.. 1 I cfaromoos salts u Cr_ lieul and wsoL salt*....--..-- OS Dtnitrobesxen* (all 1 1 Skis_________ 8a footnotes at sad of table. Baa footnote* at end of table. 506 r, * e ! S k- tr O.V. 00! T K. J* Chopter XVII--Occupational Safety and Health Admin. $1910.1000 Tail* Z-l--Cotitlnoed Substance p.p.B Bt/U1 * Dlrtrro-c-crrsJl--Fkln_ ..______ _ Dialtrotoiuene--Skin_____ ______ Dloxane (Dlethylene dioxide)-- Ska.......................................... 100 t><C'*nTl..................................... U IVbfl*rT!m*rh*.n. dilaorranat* (see Mrt.-.j-ienr DUDbenyl Isocyanate (Mt)l)....................... Diprcsyim* ctycol methyl lift--Skin.............................. 100 D!-ie:. octyl phtbalate (DI-3- ethyihexv Iphthalate)........... Endrln--Skin.............. ............. . Eptchiorhydrln--Skin________ EPS'--Skin...... .............................. LS-Epoxypropane, IN Propyleneoxtde.......................... . 2.3-Epery-l-propanol. in Giyciiol......................... . i EthaatihloL Me Ethjlmer- eaptan........................... --........ . Ettanoiamtne........................ 3 J-Ethoxyethanol--Skin-------- 2n 2.Elhoiyrthylacetatr (Cello- eoire ect tete)--Skin____ ..... in 400 Ethyl aarlate--Skin. 25 1.000 Ethyleslne..................... --... 10 Ethyl sec-amyl ketone (5methyl-3-beptanor.e)._______ 2S Ethyl benxent............ in Ethyl bromide...... ........... -........ 200 Ethyl bntyl ketone (lHeptenone)________ ____ .... so Ethyl chloride.-------------- ------- ton Ethyl ether............................... -- sn Ethyl (ornate.............. C Ethyl mercaptan.......--... Ethyl silicate.......................... in 10 in Ethylene eMorohydrln--Skin. . s Ethy'.enedlamtne______ -- u Ethylene dtbromlde. me 1.2- Dlbromoethane_________ ___ Ethylen* dtchlorlde. see 1.2- Diehloroethaae.......... C Etnylene ciycol dlnltrste endiOr Nltroclyeertn--Skin... e&2 Ethylene clyeoi monomethyl ether eoetate.eee Methyl eellaeolee eeetot*-----------------Ethylene imtne--Skin..-------Ethylene oxide............................ at to Ethy Udine chloride, tee 1,1* Dlchlororthane................... K-EthylmorphoUne--Skin. K Perhem................. . EefTOTenedtam dtBt...________ ........ Floortde (es F)_ Pioortne----------- ------------------PlaorotrlchloromethAne....-- Fannie ectd_____ _____ _______ Fnrturel--Skin____ _ Eurfuryl eleohol_______ -- 1to.00Knas0s i Olyddol (2>Epoxy-l- prapenal)_____ ____ K Glycol monoethyl ether, eeo 3- E thrrethnol_............ Oathion lee Axtnpbae- inethTU__ _ Hafntam..______..................... Brpuchlar--Akin.......--.--.... inBepun* (n h^ptene)................ lBexerhlaniet hen*--3ktn.,,. ... Hreach lorenephthelene--Skin---- inHexene (n-heiane).--...--. in2-Brunone...................... ------ Bexonr rsietbyl kohatyl ketone)____________________ eeo-Bexyl eortete______________ nHo See footnote at end of table. a: 1.6 SCO 1 too t &1 It at s 740 MO L400 in 1,900 IS 130 435 sn 230 2. no 1,200 an M iso IS 25 1 00 s.sMISn11a: sKn UO iLo*4on1ioaaaa0 ssi 4a1n0 Tabl* Z-l--Continued Bubetance IC./M* H ydrtxlne--Skin................... .... Hydroren bromide______ C Hydrrven ehlorlde................. 1 3 S Hydrogen eyenlde--Skin___ _ HByydttrrooeccmn peroxide (90%)................ 1a10 os Hydroqolnooe..... ............. C Iodine ai Iron oxide fame............ baamyl acetate............... ........... leoemyl eleohol______ ____ _ Isobatyl eoeute_____ _________ Isobatyl tleobol..........------- bophorooe.............--...-- bopropyl eeeuu Isopropyl eleohoL........... ...... .... bopropylemlne_____ ____ - Isopropyltther..... ................... ... bopropyl (lyetdyl ether (IOE). Ketone................................... ...... Leadarsenate............. ...... in iIinnK 25 250 sn 60s0 Kas .. Undune--Skin.. ....... Lithium hydride................ ........... ............ L.P.G. (Uqulhed petroleum . i>................................... L000 Megneeiam oxide (ume.._____ __________ Melethlon--Skin_______ ______ __ _______ Maleic anhydride_____________ a 23 C Menf*neee_............................................. Marttyl oxide......................... M Methtnethlol, i Methyl mtreepten.. Methoxychlar. l-Methexyethenol, see Methyl eeUatolTe___ Methyl testate. 200 Methyl Acetylene (propyne)..-- L000 Methyl ecetylene-propedlene mixture (MAPP)........... ......... L000 Methyl eaylete--Skin________ 10 Methyltl (rijmethoirmelhine)-. 1.000 Methyl eleohol (methenol)____ 200 Methylemlne.......... ................... 10 Methyl emyl eleohol. see Methyl Isobatyl earblnol...--__ Methyl (n-emyl) ketone (2- Beptenone)_____ ____ 100 C Methyl bromide--Skin... 20 Methyl butyl ketone, see 3- Hexenone.................... Methyl eellosotee--8kln 2S Methyl eellaeotye ocelot*--Skin Methyl chloroform__________ _ Methylcyelohexene____ _______ 28 ItoKo Methyleyelohexenol 100 o-Melh ylryekihexanone-- Skin.. in Methyl ethyl ketone (MEE), cm J-Haunone...... ...... ...... Methyl (ormete___ ____________ Methyl Iodide-Skin............... . ins Methyl Isobatyl eerblnol--Skin. 2S Methyl Isobatyl kstooe, see Heron*....... .................... Methyl Isoeyaneto--Skin.__ C Methyl mercaptan_______ Methyl raethecnrlate_______ an w in Methyl propyl ketone, see 2- Pentanana.......................... C m Methyl styrena.......... ___ m C Methylene Msphtnyl Isocyanate (MOD--___ Molybdenum: an Soluble compounds__ Insoluble compounds___ _ Monomrthyl aniline--Skin.. a C Monomethyl hydmlne Skln- Morpholine--Skin........ .. Naphtha (eoalur). Naphthalene______________ -- Kas in u See footnotes at end of table. 1L0 I 7 110i..41 1 S23 no in sn 140 MO no 2. 12 2in40 aasis aa Ct M LS00 IS u 1 t 100 IS <10 US0 LI00 SS S.UM 12 10 IK 1,900 2.00 470 ISKO Kaot at i ut 7a0 n on K 507  1910.1000 Tails Z-l--Continued Title 29--labor Taslb Z-l--Continued Sobtunce p.p.m.* mp./M1 * - Sobitsnec p-p.m.* Nickel earhonyt.......................... a on Nickel, metal end voluble ernpdi.A! si....................... ...... Nicotine--SUn................. ................ Nitric ectd...... .............. ............ Nitric oxide............................ .... p-MtraanUlne-- Sfcta.................. Nitrobenzene--Skla...... ........ . 25311 IKN'Itrehlorobeaiene--Skin.-- Nltroetbane..................... Nitrogen dlotld*______________ Nltrotreo U1 fluoride--___ -- Nitroglycerin--Skin__________ _ Nltromttbana............ --...... 1-Xltropropane............ ............ 2-Nltropropeo# Nltrotolueue--Skin............ ...-- 10s0 10 10a0 3 23 231 Mtrotrtemoromethans, see Chlaroptertn......................... -- Oetarbloronaptthaleoe--Skis___ Ocune............................... ........ (00 Oil edit, Btuenl_______________ Osmium tetroad*.......................... OiaIIc ectd................... ................. Oxygen dlfluorlde______ ___.... aos Otoos........................................... ai Paraquat--6kin..------ -- Paratnton--Bkln_ Psnteborane... aow Pentechloronephthelene--Skin.., .Pentaehlaropbenol--Skin_______ Pentane_____ _ 1 000 S-PenUnnne............. .................. Ptrehlaromethyl mercaptan___ 20a0 i Perchlaryl flnnrlde................. -- Petroleum dlitllliUa (naphtha). no2 Phenol--Skin_....................... -- ( p-Phenylene diamine--8k in____ Phenyl ether (eeoot)------ -------- Phenyl ether-biphenyl mixture (Ttpor)............... -- Phenylethylene, see Styrene.. Phenylflycidylether (POE)... 10 Pbeaylhydretlne-- Skin.....-- ( Phaedrto (Mevtnpboe >-- SkM--................................. -- Pbaetene (carbonyl chloride)-- Phosphine____________________ &1 at Phoaphonc and............. .........--- Phosphorus (yellow). Phoaphoras pemachlorlde_____ Phosphorus pentasulfldt_______ Phosphorus trichloride_____ __ ai Phthaltc anhydride______ --... 2 Picric acid--Skin.................. ..... Pleat (J-PlTelyH> Indandtone)____________ -- Platinum (Poiohle aaltn aa PI.---......................................... ProparryI aloobol--Skin----------- 1 Propane______ _______________ 1.000 o-Propyl acetate__ _ 200 Propyl alcohol.--.........--.. n-Propyl nitrate------ ------------ Propylene dlchlortde...-- 22030 73 Propylene Inline--Skin.............. 2 Propylene oxide.......................... M0 Pmoyne, see MethylacetyIsos... Pyrthrum__ Pyndlae. Qtnnooe--. ( ai RDX-Sktn.... .......................... Rhodians, Metal turns and dneu. as Rb___ Soluble ee)U__ RoUnooe (commercial)--. Seleniozn compounds (aa Be)........ ............ eleninm faeaaflocrtde...... .......... a OS Bee foetsotea at and Of table. a an ai s s 20 0ft 1 S10 < 20 2 330 00 00 SO 0.1 2.2(0 5a oca 0lL1 10.2( an a oi as a( two 700 ai 13. ( 2.000 If ai 7 00 23 aaasi al i i l 3 12 ai ai a as LBseMa (00 110 390 ( MO S 11 a LS aa oi oi 1s0 aa as SDeer. metal and soluble < pounds.................................... Sodium Oucroecetate (10(0)-- Skin......... ............................... Sodium hydroxide................... Stlblne....................................... Stoddard soleem.________-- no01 8trycbnine___ ___ ________ .......... Snllur dioxide.............................. ( Sollur hexafluoride...................... 1.000 SuUurtc acid............ ...... .......................... ...... Sulfur roonochloride______ __ l Sollur pentafluoilde..--....-- a CBS Bulimy! fluoride-...................... ( Bystox. see Demetoo $........................... . 2.4 ,ST______________ _____________________ Tantalam_____ ____ ___________ __ ........ TEDP-Skto................................................. "eUurtam..................... .................................. "llarhrn hexafluoride._____ _ a 03 r'EPP--Skin................................................... C Terphcnyb............................. 1 . 4.1>Tttrachloro-2>dllhiarethane..... ................................. i,lA2-Ttreehloro-l>dlflnnr*- etkane..................................... . no no 1,1A2-Tetrachlorthane--Skin s Tetrachloroethyleue, eee Per- ehloraetbylene.... .............................. ...... Tetrachlornmethane. aee Carbon tetrachloride.......................................... .... Tetrachloronaphthalene--Skin...--...___ Tetraethyl lead (aa Pb)--Skin.--___-- Tttrahydraturan................ ....... 300 Tetraaatbyl lead (as Pb)-- 8k1o.................................. ............................ Tetramethy) aueclaentails-- Skin......... ................................ as Tatranluomethane..--......... 1 Tetryl (2,4.6-trlnttrophenyl- methylnltramlne)--Skin--................ .... Thallium (soluble com pounds)--Skin as TL-- ........--............ Thlram....... ........ ............................................. Tin (Inorganic empds. azaept _______________ rnaii-i iinr Tin (organic onpds)-..................................... C Toluene-2,4-dUsoeyaaata.--.. a 03 o-Tolutdlne--Skin___________ S Tosaphene. aee Chlorinated rampbene. ............................... Trtboryl phoaphato........................................ 1.1.1-Trlcbloroethane, aea Methyl chloroform................................. 1.1.2-Trlehlororthene--Skin____ 10 Tttanlumdloilde.. Trtchlorwaelhana, sea Cbloro- Trirhloronaphthalena--Skin--................. LSJ-Trtchteeopropane--....... LW-Trtchloro UJ-trlflnoro- 30 L a-- LtOO 2,4.6-Trlnltnpbenol. aaa Plate 3,4,0-TrtnttrophenytToaZayt-"TM ** nltramlna, aaa Tetryl_________________ Trtnltrotoruene--Skin................. ................ . Trtorthn'taayl phoaphate Trlnhpnyl pbotphaU___ ----------- ----- ... Turpentine................................... 100 Uranium (soluble gnupooata). Omnium (Inaolubla eaapooads)--_______ C Vanadium: ViOidust... V|Oi (nma.. Vinyl bensane. aaa Styraaa.. Vlnyleyanlde. saa Acrytonltrlla................. Ran footnotes at and of tabU. 0.01 aos 2 o.s 3,090 au 13 aooo i s 3a0 ss to saasi aaoss * 4,370 4,17a0s 3 0.071 a 07 s s LS ai s 3ai 3a3 14 43 IS 7.000 100 0,100 aLSi 3 MaBos ass aasi 508 $ 1910.1001 Title 29--Labor Tablx Z---Mtctbal Dran Substance Mppcf ilg/il' 8Ute: Crystalline: Quartz (respirable). ........ 390 lOmg'M1 USiOt+4 C-S10H-2 Quartz (toul dost).._____ ____________ limtl!1 CristoholHe: Cm the alue calculated from the count or mam formulae lor quartz. Tndymlte: Dm K the ralue calculated Irom the (ormule* (or quartz. Amorphous. Including natural dlaiomacrous earth__ _ %SiOt-t-2 X Xmg/lP ^SIOs B(Hastes (tan then 1% ery telltn* tUlca): Slice------------------------- Soapstone............................. Talc(non-asbetos-fonn) .. Tele (fibrous). Use asbestos X* limit ............................... Tremoltte (see tale, fibrous) Portland rtiaent.....___ _ X Graphite (natural)......... ........ U Coal dust (respirable traction lass than 8S1 SiOi)__ ____ ____________ Par more than 1% 810s lOmg'M* ten or Nuisance Dust: Respirable traction.. ___ Total dust.. .............. .... 16 X X X or RSIOrt-2 Sing'M* Umg'M* Non: Contention (actors-- mppelxUA-mlllion particles per cable metrr particles per c.c. Millions of particles per cubic loot of air. based oa tmplnger samples counted by llght-fleld technics. 1 The percentage of crystalline dltca in the loncala is the amount determined from alr-bome samples, ezeept In those Instances in which other methods bate been shesrn to be npplienble. > As determined by the membrane filter method nt IXXpbase contrast msgniflcatlon. Both concentration and prrrent quartz lor the appllentlon of this limit are tn be deiermineO from the fraction posslng a stsiweelector srlth the lollowtng characteristics: Containing < 1% quaru; U > 1% quartz. use quartz Omit. Aerodynamic diameter (unit density sphere) 2 2.6 2.6 A0 W Paceni passing sriectut N 76 X X 0 Tbs measurements under this note icier to the uss on AEC !aftrumeot.C' the mplrable fraction of coal dan is determined srtih a M RE the figure oonespoadlng le that o) 2.4 Mg/M* la the table far cooldust ts4A MgiM*. [39 PR 23502, Juno 27. 1974. Radalgmnted And nmanded at 40 FB 23073, Her 28. 19701 l 510