Document LooKNz5OvRBNNOZ4M1v90q0q

V.* ? i FOUNDATION EXHIBIT , FACTS 3 Bwi-lttur la laauad moatUr ea atmMr TgMMaa aad Va4a Maociatlooa afllUtad wits MMu Fosadatloo. Ita purpaaa la to rtport gwaaoa mi aa4 aetiwltlM. Air rooaaaaaa la a partaanfeip of laduatrr uid * orgmaiaad to protaet tha hnitk of t&* aiuioB workman la haarp laduatrr ol. 3. 3ULL2TI5! July* 1941 /- no. 7. Hralaaa Toundatloa* Board tba ci lac. At reinoorporat 1 la favor oi presjion, lagal\ burgh. Raasoa expending actij foundation of Aaarlca, lac. Lzatioa' a jrm th^taduatrial gygtaas foundation of t, originally incorporatad la Ohio la isylvania. foundatiQa unbars vote a poll eooductad arms nentha ago. tad and tha ebartar uas gnntad is to Bora olaaxly daseriba tioa's Lp sarrisaa for tba psotaQtici ` fcployoe haalth. Lzad wphaals oa sillcoda. Bo. 1 iadusjfftT^biiith probldiAthat^d^a. Tbha ff<aoaM^ scientific approach to that prohLat&i credited dtb haf^eafcal* iflfeMmka tbaa raapaat. nth tha rapid aavaacas of iadastrii^miaaa(awNtbg<H^n|Bleatloa of aav occupational Vi haalth problafla, tha AnzDdaa^^aoz^|^^^n3y broadaaad. -3----, A study is now wtaa^^^^^nw^hllahoratloa of tba 7.3. Public Health. Sasrlas, to help nednea alsir dafflMSi wB^d^ia coatlaa tba haovy iaduatriae aloaa about oaa tlllloa flaahoura satlaj^sbthd^ acoomraahnata iacluda, continuing studlaa of X-ray tacbgjquaa far Iflgwgjala $yireal sodjpnBtloas la industry; stales of tba control of toxic ftaatfu^WM*, includi^propbgywacaiitions la welding; a research, ac- la progress, ta^uvapSpfurtbar pract^gdl datKa^oxbaust vaatilatioa for plo7*e beoltb protectj^^frqpBtifattens la *protoc$5r" db^fly^acludiag aluninim, to coabat dust disease areboose* of industrial health rs baadqpaftar* Is Hdlaa. Institute* sr tha information of tha anbors. and eoTars about 30Q joiasials 2a a do Teilitlas are also flelitalned at Halloa Institute, trial hygieoistc spending float of tbsir tiaa ia tba fl companies* Tbaao surveys shew tba preseacs or abaaaoa Where hazard* ara rmall. xemdlee ara built up at tha is dlgsstad acoh oa progress. This il hyglaaa laboratory usdatloa how baa 1 nins surreys for asber itial hgalth hazards. -V^> Mnaoaf/ TeeMrUgy plea dwfense spwireft produc old . haalth Twisarda out CMtUgtai oaas> Da IhwadaHw*** t* help beep pra- cautioaa epee* dthpeduotlMi ft? its i--bet oiflMaiad aid tbeiafhilllaa ' ': --^v> :T ` v `TvJhxtn Mnuai 1feetiag~ Hbr. lf id 13 V*., *.-3A~> i# ' Pittsbwgh. o* Hot. 13 sad today*# aaoda, dll revolt* dll ha half at lalloa Institute, geared to prodaoa praetloal data far leal, ftgl nearing* Kegel geatl&ns* of tha Bms4 of Traotaas sad tba *ad~ Msflhsrs are aardially iantad to ast Tbondayp Bbr. It sad 13* , paroduetiQS PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBITM rf-o a u 4 foundation fnets 2 i wn.ion Workers "A1BL" Business tad goTenaent report "Labor requirwnents are constantly climb ing" -- defease production requirements mounted last month (June) to 44 billion manhours, a jump of 16 billion since Jan' a recent surrey showed "Serious shortages $f qualified workers in im' hipbuilding, aircraft and maehlnssbop operatl tries alone in the lad preparedness secured or prod necessary ours will be lost this rear in the That is oquiralent to half a ers lines being "AI01" from the all task of late for sick absences addil iwsr must be such additions would not be eren if the Therefore--- heoltl^MbcMs that i: about SjJhys a year beoa there mill be a gain of IK corkers full time. The foundation Workers* The "helps" are precaution to combat the erage worker is losing figure can be reduced, the serrloea of 60,00# ers Defend the Defense to \ Job that does not lncl is easier to change plans tl s "build in" precautions. Ask tion is not a finishfoundation can help William 3. Baud opinion, the "Safeguarding the health of mt and moat important task befepd is is, in ay all times. Defend the Defease Worker! Increased Production Means Increased Health Hazards t 50 -r- This manorandun is to advise you of the services for protecting amployee health which are trailable through Air Hygiene Foundation, a strictly non-profit association of industrial concerns with headquarters at Mellon Institute, Pittsburgh, host important of those services now aro tjaaffiadustrial Hygiene Surreys. The surreys, conducted for member companies at cost,dkso tho proscnce or absence of occupa tional health hazards, such as, excossCMrsificn dust, lead, chemical fuses, gases, skin lr?iu$M, etc. If hazards jam. foqpr remodios aro rocoamendod. Surroys protect com$a^bs agafnajk unju^^^ps which flourish in depressions. Othgt. s include: V/ 5\ ~ at the Saranac { share in the ec ns Research on industrial haalth pro conducted Harrard, Pennsylrania and Moiled I. [tute. Membors of mutually-supported investigations manufai etc., ore for exhaust v alth sign! , materials used in a double safeguard. Sick Absentccia labor through illness. This why they occur. Sickness suffered by management end absences and shows when-whsre-afcd absences than accidents. \ A Digest of Industri month. This "news serrice duces hours of reeding to is prepared for members each a in a dozen languages. It re posted on progress. for conserving Detexminatioi tions, ins are issusd/pe^ie s, Uso .end Care of^fies# Benzol, Industrial ulletlns on oocupational giving practical plant data Design of Xxhaust Systems, Methods for X-ray Staminacompensation. sunsel on medical, engineering end la le limits from specialists comprising tho available within fesslonal carnaltteos. Facilities include on industrial hyglono labem^J ary j*l hygienists at Mellon Iastltuto plus an exhaustive library. Tho Fou also works la doso cooperation with the DeperUaent of Industrial Hyglono at University of Pittsburgh* s School of Medieias, the TJ. S. Bureau of Minos, the U. 3. FuU^ Health Service and tho research institutions listed above. Tangible and Intanmlbls assets include, lower compel litigation, improved working conditions, improved employer-employ goodwill and oven less spoilage and increased production. costs, less "relations, public Increased production demands increased precautions. The Foundation helps provide the precautions. July, 1941 Air Hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. 534 the "Salt lost pl^fctd by adding 10 quarts) or by of rsports stats cramps and bast of salt art in easaa tlnal disturbances sedentary workers or hast cramps is now $ih say be eonYeniantly re- or two beeping teaspoons per drinking fountain. A maabef has praoticolly eliminated hast harmful effects from moderate use sease, but distress and gastro-intes- and erratic use of salt tablets by 55, 173, (June, 1941). Office of Sclent leorch and Develoraeni'^Fatabllshed. Lfic Research and Dmveloj_ has been created by President reive Order dated JvSk^B, aS\N ich of the Office for Qser- The functions of thfW/Qi (a) to advise the Prsai- the status of scientific^ socrch relating to defense and the measures nocasi lnulng progress in (b) to serre as the conter for a of the scientific rsonnel; (c) to coordinate, aid, and suppli Ifie and medical resoarch actiritioa of the Nary, War and other (d) to develop broed and coordinated research plans, in collaboration i$l presentetlvee of those departments* The fields of research Include meet and devices of warfare and medical problems effecting national dofense. Ah" it branch of the Office is a Coattttee an Medical Rosearch, whose speciQ; tlon is to advise concerning the need for and character of contracts to W into with universities, hospitals, and other agencies conducting research activ- ities; also to make findings and submit recoienristiona spect to the adequacy, progress and results of research on medical problsl& related to nation al defense. Defease, p. 3 (July 9, 1941). 536 Safety Training Supervisor Appointed. Laurence B. Tipton of Rutgers University was named by Secretary of Labor Perkins as Safety Training and Field Service Supervisor for the Batloaal Cosmittee for the Conservation of Manpower in Defonae Industries* This Committee was set up last June by Miss Porfclas to provide safety advisory service to Government con tract plants, and to aid in the speeding up of the Rational Defense program by keeping skilled and trained workers off the casualty list. Mr. Tipton will mark with defense agency officials on safety training prognms for workers and super visors and will have the responsibility for the organization and development of Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2 programs for Defense Safaty Engineering training at collaga level in principal industrial centers. Intensive courses in safaty engineering, industrial hygiene, occupational disease and industrial acddant prarention will be offered. U.S. Department of Labor release. Legal Developments 537 Occ onal Disease Statute '*22it to Disease Contracted Prior to J&s. tire _ _ The Mptoyee in affected with a disease of the broncoiei so&es known aSub^bchii to fans and dust inhaled in the coqrjiUjifc^is cm* ployment. ccupatlonal Disease Act of Indiaaa wmnpifismd in 1937. The employt a tbs employment in which be lnciHfeelgpn disease prior to tJ .tontlon was made that no ojprd^mjftoxd be granted because cted before the Act bMnTefTCtlve. The CourVAltoj 'coat It stated that thC^M^rovldes for eompensa- tiomr\foSni sab ilii occupatipsBU>e^aasea, and not for contract- ifig?sucn diseases* oyee nafuS^contracted the dlaease before the^Act was passed* not^idtee djmmEuNlefTcai the disease until a year, after the effective the A^^A&eiNBuKuantly ha came within its pro-* visions* Hirst vs. e^fe^of Pen. Motors Corporation (Indiaaa) 33 N.l. 2nd 773 (May, 194l^(^Sfe^ 536 Compensation Granted foi The claimant wma a: )a bstter for time prior to Oetobsr, 1931. His work required him ra and Oqfia in with furs* these furs were troatad with ma; claimant exhibit toms which included a toxic mercurial d , nervous manifes^tations recurrently flared up acute- ly; markg^t^r^rV and general nervoumr^^ man d^Ajaaptoma. The Court found that pfeTOXgiaant was suffering from, arujj^i l((3$aablsd by mercurial poisoa- leasable occupational disease Compeasction Act. Sase was found to have bean contrac course, and by reason claimant's employment, and an award f ms allowed, arowitz va. Bothenberm Hat Co. (N.J.) 18 att h. 1941). Occup. Hazards, 3. 24 (July, 1941). 339 Bursitis Compensable as Occupational Disease* <Jy The claimant's work consisted in pouring medicine intoVbq^tlea and pasting labels on the bottles. Sha was employed for nine yeare^tar to June, 1939. Previous to 1938 sha did her work by pouring the medlclae^flbm a graduate which she held la her right hand* In 1938 a machine for filling^ag)\labsling the bottles was installed* The claimant placsd the bottla in tbfenachlne with her right hand and took thM off with her loft* In 1938 her right shoulder began to hurt. In 1937 it grew worse, and in June 1939 she was found to be suffering from bursitis. Bursitis is a speclflsd occupational disease under the Michi gan Compensation Act whan it is caused by a process involving continuous rubbing, pressure or Abratloa of tho parts affected* Tho Court held that the facts in this ease justified an sward. Three judges dissented on the ground that burstti3 is not an occupational disease in the occupation of filling and labeling bottles; that the process required uador the act did not Include the process used by the claimant in this case, galas va. Dewov Products Co* (Mich.) 206 N.V. 826 (March, 1941). Occup. Hazards, 3, 24, (July, 1941). Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. 540 Crtwpiaf Recovery from Occupational Disease. Inability to Return to Sams Oeeu- nafinn. Right tc Compensation. Tie question is whether tha minima compensation rat* of $8.00 per weak contain ed in Workmen's Compensation Law, See. 15 subd. 6 applies to an employee who bad fully recovered from on occupational disease but who to avoid recurrence is un able to return to bar forr-~ occupation and whose wage earning capacity in bar new occupation Is leas thne It was In pr former occupation. Tbe portion of tba Workmen's Compensation Law deal tb occupational diseases is found in of such article disability or death ce'~;ed by occuj Tho method provl Sec. 39 would give bar compensation ently the board erred in applying ti ngs do not show tbe amount of reductieSXn^drn- earslng capacity of the claimant aftflr\a|jyrecovery Boapj reverse this award and remit the matebr&fr tbe pre- Tbe award Is raversod andjjsrtjtiil? Matter of ip. Dlv., 3rd Dept. Decided j>l941. (CCH). 541 Paei sultli aerculosls. Improper Latlon. Negligence of charges thebrftto that by the .vta. fnfelidctceod conlosls, and in addition of his respiratory tract be also contracted _ cted a verdict for the defendant!, Any occupational disease sh U .te result of the negligence of the mployer is actionable nal disease which is not tho proximate result of the negligence Is not actlonabls. Appellee con- tends that appellant fai }re ee guilty of negligence proxlaately causing the disease erlng. The evidence shows that appellant worked roc ier conditions for seven years, at an emery gAndl^gtaNhife which never-at was equipped with any kind of blower systaftQa^&Bhust fans to carry ^pff The dust was thick. No windows ojrt^mx!tioa of any kind cal testimony was that pneuaM^uSewnris a lung disease caus form of which Is silicosis vrbKSrnem&ts from breaching dust coat that appellant is per- and totally disabled by reason o Judguat reversed instructions to sustain appellant's ah trial. Dean v. The ton Foundries. Inc, at al. Ind. App. Ct >87, 1941. (CCS}. ,, Q C-- Pager^^^uat^caa^n^Genera^n^ItgialJggglene 542 Pnemoconloals in Coal Tr-imere. J. Cough* X.Path* fc Bact^ 51. 277-85 (1940). Tha autopsy findings In 12 Cardiff stem coal trlmaars arfcbrwmorted together with thslr clinical histories. All showed evidence of pnetfijpbnlosls and 5 bad died of this disease. The pulmonary fibrosis was of two types* massive and nodular. Tha nodules dlfferod from those of classical silicosis in being less densely fibrous and in showing radiating rather them concentric fibrosis. The lesions were similar to those found in miners working at the coal face In the mines from which the coal was obtained. While the residual silica was not high, the author feels that it played a pert in the lesion* la his opinion Cardiff coal trimers with prolonged exposure to sufficiently high concentrations show a pnemoconiosls similar to that recognized as aathracoeilleosla in coal miners. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 4. 543 Artlfialal Respiration a*d Inhalation. ?. Sanderson and J.M. Turner. J.Aa. Mad. Assoc.. 116. 1508-14 (April 5. 1941). All the annual netbode of artificial respiration, as tested on conscious per sons, induce the same voluae of pulmonary ventilation. The principles control ling the volume are essentially the same as in ordinary braathing, namely the amount of carbon dlodde and oxygen in the blood acting on the respiratory cen ters which in turn influence the tonus, the diapbraga and thoracic muscles. The inhalation of carbon dioxide increases^he voltae of pulmonary ventilation with manual artificial respiration. It bgSbean shown that the efficiency of manual artificial respiration is greatlj^Ej^r^ghed and the patient is more rapidly 3 bon dioxide gen are added to the air supply. The! pre arly n treatment of carbon monoxide poisoi addit: .t respiration, so that sufficient suppll carbon monoxide fixed to tbs haao<ggbv^fs accalera reathing machines not using poaitivaroresml^e, such as the Drinks: depend upon control of pulaonagg V|msiation by the carbon diod entente of the blood, and do Dcnjaase over or uader- ventilatii n the other hand, are no bettM^a f fact, ara vary fre- stinctiy t from: (1) loss of tDnriar applying t balng important; {2)<<iack of synchro thing and machanical rbythm, thus actually impedl aaibility of ovarvaatilation, 4ith a train of deranged p often leading to daath. Tha pul- motor is severely cond 544 Industrial Health Pract Surver of 2.064 Industrial Bstablish- meats. Conducted by soo, of facturere, Comittee on Healthful Working Conditio ir^oirecf^fiS^of 7VVjj Lsar. 76 pp. (May, 1941). A questionnai to each of ^fOO trial companies, in order to cb- tain previo 'ailable informati^cs? abo valua of maintaining health programs stigate prevailing pol^l iuatry ragarding physical ex- coinafiia >to determine the frequencByrf^7^(^Spocii4d^ervices in industrial and to ascertain tha agJi^tfffactowFtosslth programs and tha ln- 'of sire and type of industry on tbm^^ualvsa&saplta costa of such ser ies. There ware 1,500 replies rocelred, siding plants employing f794S,551 workers. Tha emery reveals that ~4jaltlr|om saves tha average 500-msployee plant $9, ail per year. All but 5 os totmk^df 1,629 respondents considered their programs paying propositions. OHe^SOjl of those replying in dicated reductions in accident frequency (44.9)0, Occupational disease (62.8%), ahsenteeim end compensation insurance premiums (abeach). A slightly smaller percestege indicated reductions in labor tugncqjsr^amounting to 27.3%. Most concana uaa physical examinations as a maans of drajgRiniag proper place ment of aiployees but do not unwarrantedly discriminate aghjjpat applicants on tha basis of tha reeulta of these examinations. Only 4.401 ^applicants in 1,154 plants were rejected on account of shortcomings disclosed by the examinations. Eighty percent of 1,388 plants reporting tbair policy hare a system of rating examinaos for joba. In 41% of 1,495 plants, including all organizations employ ing 20,000 or mors, physical examination records are kept confidential. Among 23 specified items listed as important components of a factory health program, over 80% of the 2,064 plants in the survey provide an aeddent prevention pro gram, exhaust ventilation, and a plant housekeeping and sanitation program; 70-80% pre-employment examinations of factory ployoea, 60- 70% full illness and absence records, 40-90% periodic chocks of examinations of factory employees and, 30-40% health education and preaonca of a doctor at scheduled hours. Forty- three par cant of tha plants roportlng had established thair health services Digest of Jsdustrlsl Sygisne - 3. durloc the put depression decade and TOt of those established during the paat S yaars were la plants baring laaa tban 300 employees. An avorags par capita coat of $3.1? was raportad for plant aadlcal programs, $3.34 for safety programs, and $3.41 for Industrial hygiene programs* The par capita cost of aadlcal pro grams decreases as the number of employees Increases. In addition to more de tailed presentation of this material, sereral appendices contain a copy of the questionnaire and dotalled tables of data from tba replies. 946 Physical Fitness. Z. Jokl and Z.H. Am.Med.Assoc., 116. 2363-9 (hay 24, The lnvestlgatlonsNliw/tha authors are a challenge tb the tio tnsM and employability. A sample grov young bis to obtain or retain employment,/"" they race! education and were free from all d^sAsa^Khich mould b: according to all standards established^fO&bor and recruiting medical corps. The reasons foj^hligfcKcndition were dame nstrat ozmance tests to be low strezmmtt) and skill, due to porarty sfactory diet, had bousj^^and^poor general standard biteettShtal at tion and failure resulted in dullness, f lnitiative^-Jemnpeial camp was established uaw tne direction can D^fdnsKferce for the purpose of txmin- lng^oung man suffe: imMpcnhed. The man underwent a six months course of dnelpline, with stress on physical ' training and drill, anthropometric and physical perform ance tests, made fr rise toward nozmal levels, and the man's mental attitude lspro table aployment at nozmal wages was provided for 90 per trained, and an analysis of pay sheets for a sample _>xksx*^&r four years showed that they had achieved full ecoqaaScMa >ilit*&o3. Tn^atfhors also conducted an extensive study of the hysical efflctsncy o^h) group of children between 3 and 20 years of uding English, A^^cande^^iwlsh, Bantu, Cape Colored, Indian and?<3&^ke. The similarity of physiologic performance of thsoi&zmrfcnt racial groups was s ct of puberty on the r _ . lical efficiency is notoworth^^rXt 1m" hie to collect more on the relationship between subdlSMy nutsi deficiencies and reel efficiency. The tone "fitness* and^Zjtici generally vary loose- applied, should be eonsldered with the question "fl^nCjead efficiency for whet?" To llluetrate this point, the authors citmnstattcM of remarkable athletic ability In specialised fields, in parsone^nth severe physical defects, some evident at once and others discovered only afte^Aeath. The authors believe that the only satisfactory measure of fltneee for anpZqjpBnt ie phyelcnl per formance, and predict that theories and concepts of pbyqjUMfc fltneee will chcngo when more physiologic and clinical experiences In this ff^L0^re presented in the medical literature. 546 Briggs Never Stops Fighting Occupational Dlaeeeee. S.G. french. Anar. Business, 18-9, 48-9 (April, 1941). This is an account of the experience of the Briggs Manufacturing Company in :ombatlng occupational disease. In the plant with 80,000 amployees, two physicians, two tschniclane and oas chMist dsvota their full time to hygiene. All new materials are examined for toxic constituents. Lead duet, mostly from gnodiag operations, is removed by e pualwpull ventilating systm, and all the usual pre cautions against lead poisoning are observed, an aid to which is a printed ployee's handbook containing all rules. Air samples are taken frequently. Spe cial allergies are noted, and analysis for possible sources ef dszmetitis and chengs of occupation for sensitive persons has reducsd such tromhls to a minimum. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 6. Tbs physical examination program includes watching for caoauslcable disaaaaa and preventing contagion. The program has repaid the company in maintaining health in the city, in promoting steady oploymeat, in contributing to a better product and in providing Insurance against the possibility of occupational diseases. 547 Absenteeism in Industry. H.D. Mudd. Trained Nurse it Hoop. Rev., 106. 344-50 (May. 1941). The problem of abseateelmi is fully discussed with reference to (1) general importance, (2) records, (3) distribution and (4) control. The gravity of the problem is now increasing on accoumo^natlonal defense. The author feels it ..ig^jnportent to record every roaahce regardless of its length. Every ab by curse or doctor prior to his return The and should bo recorded on a master shega HWAddl- tion that they can be studied monthly or^red^lTl ^Dis- tributio ng to a matter of factors is discMWNKfjally with the aid s caviled by W.0. Hazard of Oweasgln&ral Glass Co* The records l of all absences are of less tJWj&jftys duration, and 7L.1! Although the short absaqgfs cMprlse a small per- cent should receive lideration, on account .y in resplratc Lons, turnover and ex- the ploy|if%> Hotfsttgktthhaan 15 of are due to diseases legally clgfrblfled as occupetldSiil, a^nsencee d^ad^unt of non-industrial accidents are 6 to 10 times sorv^JMnuoat^Hwj^m^^Kused by industrial accidents. Ab sences increase sllghtly/^^requgmQigfffl age, but the length of disability in creases in a greater ratiO^xThe^ta^mring factors in oontrol of absenteeism are discussed: (1) aoust of absences; (2) occupational exposures; (3) physical exmainatlonaft (5B&cal<^alsurgical first aid; (5) control by private physicians; (J)^Sl^In\smai^l^dustrles; and (7) reporting to estab lished agencies. ThinfeuxuM and'ph^ciaM/raskaad should exert an influence on lowering abaencs'/^iaay The more absencesmi) checked, the fewer there will be. Proper supermUfto&gf safety and of hsglth bMsxrda lead to greater care at home and elsewhmnpSp <Mll as at '.work. Plj&sinel enmjWtion and records associated with CJrffcy^ex^rtrectmaat disclose conditions tfiavtdll guide the private physi- ctlng them. The private ph^s: the patient to day he is mall*, and in the authd for Sunday dis- iea should be discontinued, decrees! absences between sdsy and Saturday. Visiting Nurse Assoc plants, and cooper atlon with Stete and National agencies in re; is, are reconmendod. 54S State of Maryland, first Report of the M< ard for Occupational Diseases. Industrial Acd***"* ^"mission, for the Period. June 1, 1939 to October 31, 1940, Inclusive. 75 on. and 10 unnamed teniae. 1340. This report presents a complete analysis of ths 391 clsat^-flled with the Mary land Medical Board for Occupational Diseases, during the ($lpW period. They are classified according to occupation, industry, type of dfhpaae, and disposi tion of the claim. Of the total of 334 claims that were awarded, 186 were for daxmatltis, 70 for disabilities from blisters or abrasions, 38 for bursitis or synovitis, 13 for load poisoning or its sequelae and 1 for silicosis. The tables are followed by digests of the 36 claims that ware formally brought be fore the Medical Board. 549 Neuropathologic Syndromes after Electric Travma with s Bote on late Sequels. ?. Schslffahrt. Dtach. Ztscto. f. Mirwatoiiit. 131. 133-70 (1940). (Oeiman). The author reports several cases of after-effects of eleetrlo shook on the ner vous system. The symptoms are quite varied in the different cases, but all can be considered as indicating damage of certain sympathetic gagLlona or "vegetative paralysis." Digest of Industrial 3ygleae - 7. 590 * tad Physiological Investigation of Elaetrte Are Welding. III. Coated aim Hods. C.PJleCord, G.C.Harrold aad S.7.Meck. J.Ind. Byg. * Toxicol., 23, 200-13 (May, 1941). Ia continuation of their mxt on alaetxle arc welding (Abstracts No. 783, Noven- bar, 1940 and 496, Juno, 1941), the authors now report their results on coated rods. Rod coatings vary oaterlally in composition and some with the slmplost composition were used in the experiments. The principal elements found in the coatings and fwes, in addition to those from the bare rods, were silicon and titanium. The quantities of ultraus^taes and ozone in fisos from coated rods wero lower than from bare rods, bptpttUMtallie fuses (iron and nanganese) wejs? suchre abundant, especially ttiie2jbhganese. The animals (rabbits end albj*5\*v wy for 46 days out of a total of 64 halfhour intervals. Contrary to fladUMs^rrem wore encountered. 3ubstantla^a\mnuvfos the blood of exposed rets, and lta^Ktfymie was welders. A few additional experis&4a^6n bare rods in in the blood of the rata. AeTm grease of bare quantities of nitzousjases^pre evolved, no stive to pulmonary ejUmaXaevare respiratory tract ;s, traditionally (dmMbqffiod with nitrous gas toneally witjr^WL^pis fume dust exhibited inert silijj^dwS^presonted characteristically f 591 Nfitajanis in the Dutch nomlc factors and Photometric lavaati- aatlona. J.W.C.Terhag*. 100. 266-76 (1940). (German). The author presents in the Dutch coal mining areas and shows that the maber Qfrdhd&Kfdtgqns disability is influenced by the economic situation. he most fifeftabU is of nystatus is defective illu- ainatlon, photnedn^masuraments were the mines under various types of iUuminatlAdv^iSssulta showed thn^^e is the best illunineat. 'bon Disulfide ReeordeSrwBen e aad V.R. Calvert. J. lad. el., 23, 196-9 (May, 194lTlV?(^ inexpensive earbon- dJ--isu- l~fi ' ascribed. It is based on ilorimetric analysis of carbon di acetate aad dietbyl- Las in methyl oelloeolve. When hydrogen t it is removed by passing the air through alkaline oadmlw chlo enters the absorp- tlon cell. Two Zenith pwpe, which are generallyjayaila&i in rayon plants may be used, one to handle, the absorbing liquid tta&fh* other to force tbe air through the liquid. Dae of this rocordor obviates th^nesd of routine annual sampling, and it gives a permanent record of the carbonylsulfide concentration at all times. 553 Effective Tmoerature Seale A Measure of C--rtr.je Tamper- ature. M.B. ferderber aad f .C. Boughtan. J .Am.Mod.Assoc 474- 7 (February 3, 1941). This is a review of the effective temperature index aad its application to ordinary living and working environments in winter aad 554 Adsorption of the Barlr Products of Bovine Tubercle Bacilli in Rabbits by Anthracite Dust. 3J.. Cvains. Brit. Mad. J.. nn. 683.4 (1940). The author has devised a method of intratracheal inoculation of an maulsion of living extremely virulent bovine tubercle bacilli, and the same <sulslon with 0.2 g. of anthracite dust. Ths addition of tbs dust lsd to the survival of 5 rabbits, considerably longer than tha controls (116 vs. 79 days) and to complete recovery in 1 to 6 months. Digest of Industrial Hygiene . 8. 355 Duat-toloaion Htzarda la Plants Producing or Ihmdlln* Ai'inu. HepestTM m Zinc Powder. B.R. Brown.. Bur. of Minas inf. Clr. So77148, (lurch, 1941). This paper"prescat* a review of the knowledge of tbs explosibility of aluminum, magaeslia sad zinc dusts, including tbs uses sad aaaufscturs, Ignition tamperaturss, pressures developed, etc. At least 43 explosions of these lusts cccurred from 1917 to 1939, including 12 in the last fire years. They will ;robably he acre frequent now, owing to tbs great increase in production. Water cannot be used to extinguish fires, as tbs dusts react with eater. Extinguishers that disperse tbs dusts, thereby creating new and dangerous clouds, are also ruled out. Tbs only aethod amiable is tdSfolats the fire and let it burn itself out, to use inert dusts if tha<t5ke ml snail. Tbs best protection lies ii ention, which oust ba^snp^nzed in plants. Cleanliness oust beol and fleas* and moldng aust be proh^f&dnj should be introduced from outside thdrraiving. so that static electricity does nc^trattnLate an approved type. Tbs powder wflttMMwction of and divided into sail unitap^nryftory with es of dry sand, tale ors aul|sr extinguisher e locations, and fir%^Mbenes should be warned Additional rseetfrtQasuld be carried out as sslble, aa^anoh frjmtffhs to be loarneji^dMW^ie explosibility of these 536 Rational Placi and Morphological C (Italian). A discussion of tbs choice of work, with suffering from c and chronic affoc. lamination of Physical Defect^ lassJted.Iad., ], 219-39 (1939).} is^kLch limit tha possibilities for a ftfrajof the occupations open to persons apparatus, arterial hypertension, tu* and of the digestive system. nporationTof^lul nos. L.C. Wblton, Jr., Trans. *., 63, 213-8 (April,; ide on cyclone dust collec grouped with interconnect- hoppers. Results show tha' equipped cyclone of tbs in actual practice and operated conditions of resis- and temperature, performance of the is representative *of the group in the field. In tbs discussion paper, it was agreed that this conclusion should not apply to groups ogOfcore^hak 3 cyclones in parallel. 358 Industrial Air Anfip**- K Description of Some of Leal Methods Baployed in the Laboratory. W.J. Burke and others. N.T. Stnti Labor, Div. lad. Hyg., Mimeographed, no date. ' AQ Various lastn manta are described, and chemical and physiofi^roeedures are pre sented, for laboratory and field analyses of air. Specific^sthods for deter mining tha following substances are described: load, zlae, and copper (alone or in combination), mercury, carbon monoxide, beazems, hydrogen sulfide, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde and halogonated hydrocarbons. Methods are also given for determination of combustible limits of various gases and gravimetric estima tion of organic vapors whan present singly or in known proportions. The physical methods include adsorption of organic vapors on charcoal, silica gal, ete., absorption of vapors and gases in liquid media, and various instmmwntsl methods such as tha carbon monoxide, bydrogea sulfide and combustible gas indicators, the Ncrdloader and Woodlands? mercury vapor detectors and the Tcbbens combustion apparatus for chlorinated hydrocarbons. Tbs methods given are supported by re ferences and experimental data which should be of groat value to the industrial hygienist. Digest of Industrial. Hygiene - 10 workers la the Chicago district, selected to form a comparable age group, were studied as controls* The data, classified according to age, occupation, and niaber of Tears employed, are presented la a number of tables and charts. The comparison indicates a tendency of bituminous miners to develop preslllcotle lung changes after prolonged employment. At the mine where the study was made 25 of tha workars showed preslllcotle changes and 15 showed modulation ir their chest roentgenograms. These changes occurred principally among undercutting machine operators and coal loaders. The shortest exposure period necessary to product modulation was observed in a raffle driller who bad worked at his trade 11 years. 565 Sulfide^goleonine slfuric Acid Tanks. T. Bauer and^L*^^ Berger .,^0 . 259-87 (1940). Arslna ccurs in cleaning sulfuric add u Two saris' one fatal (Abstract No. 860, Decoabi followed c. In tha fatal eaaa, examlnatloi showed ootbii birring the tank residue, the akr^pj^dned 98 mg. of hydroge: vand\ traces of araina. Tha augfror Kggtoar) concludes that death ms ' of hydrogen sulflde^xfflMbly caused by reduction of thg^A Fata ZTOUS sulfide hy<ff^ftne residua, followed bxdfijtf^rbf tha eel the4 e with Beuer regarding tho^ausa of the prei sgen attributing it to aetlon of the acid on thloarsenl trlsulfldo preaont in the rejrt- due and tha sodium earboi tank. In reply, Beuer defends, his own interpretation, general on preventive measures, lm-, eluding: avoiding tha int: e materiel, removal of as much as possibla of tha residua, siox 'tfho remainder with aoda, filling the tank twlea with fresh with e compressed air helmet or with plenty of fresh and nitrous f\mes. ists \y Ld for arsine, hydrogen sulfide, fide Poisoning in'- ir. Arch. f. exp. Path. u. (1940). Lde was inhaled by dogs for first 0.014 mg. per 1., ).15 mg. per 1. At the lowar col .tiatf the dogs showed little at the higher concentration there coughing and coryza, animals waro quieter than usual and di .nausea, especially in leaving the exposure chamber. No blood weight occurred, Two of the dogs bad diarrhea and one died showing sms at autopsy, In fatal bimma cases, almost the only symptom fo haem lung edmaa. 567 Tha Dust Retaining amiht 0f the Nose in Aabeatoela* rhardt. Arch. f. Gewerbopat! h., 3091-25 U(199440). Tho author aimetnert tha dust-retaining ability of the aoae^fep^gSS asbestos terkars, itlnf T ttmerm* method. No constant relation betwegnjfchla ability and tendency to esbestoaia could be discovered. The duet-retantlbh, capacity was be low 405 in several mam who showed asbeetotlo lung changes, but many others re mained healthy in spite of e similar low capacity. The two mam with severe asbestosla had e good dust retaining capacity. The author concludes that this test has no ossontlal value and may bo abandoned in jiie plnymant era!nations of asbestos workers. 36B Radiation as a Factor in tha Sensation of Warmth. T.C. Soughten and others. Seating. Pining A Air Corn!.. 13. 123-34 (February. 1941). Toats were mads in two Identical experimental rooms, one heated with ordinary radiators and the other with warm air. The former was comfortable at an effec tive temperature about 1 lowar than tbs latter, hut the structural heat loss of tho roam hantad by the radiator was 85 higher then the other. Digest of Industrial Sygiene - 11. 568 A Dttmi Apparatus for Ilfs SaTtna Work. C.J. Ltfbertaon. J.Am.Med.Assoc., 116, 1387-9 (Karon 29, 194l). The author describes aa apparatus designed primarily for underwater raaeua work, but applieabla also for work la toxic atmospheres. A anal1 tank for ozygaa or nitropro-oxygen mixture and rebreathing apparatus ara carried oa the worker' a back. Ia froat la a soda-line container, and flaxlbla tubas run froa tha partial faca mask to tha coatalaar and to tha oxygaa tank. A laathor harnaaa attachad to tha assanbly haa hooka for attaching weights If daalrad. Oxygaa flow la regulatad so that 2 lltars par minute ag^tmospharlc praaaura Is delivered for 25 minutes. 570 `Tha of BnSkania on JT^&ilatlon and Circulation la Man. X. H. <\ Lowarad 426-36 (March 1. 1941). blood was Induead la 3 man by parti in non- ozlda pi (thing a gas alxtura poor la oxygaa. facts of loworad o: _ _ tha blood, due to lowarad carryla^ckwrtty and of lowarad elv*3^$$i2slc ira quits dlffsrant. Lot arad o^qj^arcontent caused no slgnlf miration or la cardlao ^luaMrouut, UwBfille lowarad teennssi<ion eauaad^l s^gftoutf^gf^nci antllatloa and lnuetSpof cardiac output. Its ara that tha caraai^aBaiOB la tha carotid body Import laduealnaufth^NwR&^nanggaa.. Lowaorad oxygaa contsnt followed by ac ton :^MAMA<bieh la axplalnad as a compmn- satloa for tha diainial feroki .cMaaquaat) aa capillary dilatation/ 571 Mr=Supliad_Maska_for_ (1940). (German). Tha nssd of parsonal spraying is cmphasizaftO^as' two ^r-e Auer and tha DrasgexU^m^uscrlSsaTwlth' has openings cosnNfting with tha conppassad A filter for/^fca^psproesed air and e_j?ehiiec are also_j$pTi2vd. Arbeitaachutz pp. 291-2 local exhaust rsatllatlon in paint masks most ussd in Germany, the itratlons. A bait at tbs waist ply and with tha balf-oask. or supplying 2 or 3 rorkers the Nature. Growth and Contro Cuttins Compounds. A.C. Chandler. J. Bactarlol., , 1941).~ is aapla opportunity for bacterial ting oil through var- contacts aa It olreulates through a plan* authors do not re- gard infection aa tho primary causa of the skin bserved, thsy tested sarstha oil for bacteria. Counts ranged from 14f to 29 million after 200 hours' use. All the bacte: genus Pseudomonas hut ara apparently of a naw speela ee. after 2 hours use to bolong to tha which tha authors pro pose tha naa Oleoworans. Laboratory trials of various tar disinfectants and othar materials eontrollsd the growth for only e day* finally rasor- clnol was found to ba affaotlTa. No bacteria ware fovnad 24 hours, and freshly addad baotarla wars daatzoyad. A 1% solution sw give complete sterilization and doaa not affact tha oil, whlla a smallar mt uat prarsnts spoil- aga. No investigation of tha affects oa workers Is reported. 573 Xxnsrlasntsl Research in Workers in the Manufacture of Dry Batteries. X. Zanettl. Med. del Lavoro 276-SI (1940j. (Italian). Tha author presents his results of examination of workers employed la mald.ng dry batteries (see Abstract Bo. 311, April, 1941). Ha fotad vary few symptoms, and no characterlstle ones, of manganese poisoning. In the blood of same workers he fovmd no changes in tha blood calcium or potass!*, but sail changes ia tha glutathione content. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 12. 374 Size of Invisible Particles. H. Halberstadt. Staub, No. 13, 151-79 (1940). The author daaerlbaa the x-ray method of size measurement of ultramicroscopic particlaa, including ita thooratlcal baals, different ways of performing tha examination, and tha aeeaaaorlaa employed. Tha alactron ray method, similar to tha first is daacribad briafly. Tha eipctron microacopa is maraly mentioned; it is available in only a fair laborato: 373 am Control of Punt with al Reference to Respirators CnramTTSncTTsC (*&rll, 1941). tha American Caramie Society, tha hods 1, with a brief description of t hdatlons for their care and saints: 576 Tha Occ\ and Sllicotubarculoala Cleaners at tha ). Hadanatadt. Acta Tub 1 269-76 (1940). Foundry 'fbrkers, th<p\were 16 caeaa Isis and 2 cases of silico- Coala. IncuMtJpn pn&g&wua appro: yaara. Masks ware wortb- leati? Indirect aeaawde^niclr^Mmtllat;' were more effective. Dysp- nee may be alight whUadnmc patgrateai^Bkeaslve. Increaaad red cell sedi- mentation rata la due to (prpHphitl2w^ cases tubarculln positive. Phys- leal symptoms either are t pronounced. Only in 2 cases were* workers entitled to health Fit. . Sillcotuberculosis is not to be regarded as tuberculosi combination, but as a distinct pathological entity. - 577 Clinical Bral of 2. Mayer. J. Am. Med. 6, 97-100 (January Tha aut sea the nimerous prob^tt theOiHsa In determining compens- abili pulmonary diseases, in theN%fgfc& of irlence on tha New York Deportment board of impart! reviews controversial Ttlon claims. Two types of probl elves: In one tha dls- is related to a definite industrial hakfcfe\but~ ba decided whether is disabling; in the other, disability la xwngaizt^ the question is whether the occupation Is responsible. The authorrattai base problems under the following headings: (1) etiology; ung Injury and its anatomic results; (3) recognition of pulmonary isaas, and (4) how such ill nesses produce pulmonary Incapacity, particularly wiigrrespect to reliable clin ical and laboratory procedures for dstexninlng such liability. Two illustrative casas are described. Three types of pulmonary funetion^wifea are cited and dis cussed la detail: (1) ventilation, or ability of the lunj^pp-inflate and de flate; (2) gas tests which measure the oxygen debtees oxygen deficit, and tho oxygon uneaturation of tha arterial blood hemoglobin, and (4) measure ment of efficiency of the pulmonary circulation. In conclusion, tha author sub mits a classification of disability grading: (1) phase of compensation. In which pulmonary fibrosis end aphyssma are present to a considerable degree, but the amphyssna is still compensatory and does not restrict capacity for moderate exer cise; (2) latent decompensation. In which fibrosis and nqriqrscma are extensive, with marked restriction of exercise capacity with dyspnea occurring regularly on moderate exercise; and (3) manifest decompensation, where the fibrosis and Mphysama are associated with more or less dyspnea even while the patient is at rest. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 13. STB Possible Respiratory Irritant from Cotton Dust or Cotton JZSi* queriea and IHmt Wafa. J. AM. Mad. Aaaoe.. 116. 2449 (Mar 24. 1941). The question Is what irritating substanos or dya nay b present in khaki-colored cotton now being made for the govonsnent, as persons who handle this material suffer irritation of the nose and throat. The reply indicates the cotton duet itself, especially if It contains histamine, as the most probable cause. In England, byssinosls, a lung disease from cotton dust, is compensable. Irrita tion from any dye is most commonly manifest as dermatitis. The absonce of der matitis tends to exclude, but does rogfeecessarily exclude, dyes as the source of respiratory infection. SulfurJHWwo^Iye and chromate dusts may be consider^ ed ns^bpsslbilitles, and aUergefrafta^theoretlcally exist in catechu. Sere; references on th^sffsot of^q^tottsoust are given- 379 H.D. Saysr. Ind. Mad., & 13-4 (JmniiAHj *941). ices Eopmant of ths pressnt Sew York State orbitra- oeeupetloael illness and injurlaau efijsdeWeribaa the law. Ha is convinced that the (Koof^&e for arbitra te! bills sow in effeot, wLe wUr perfect, is the handling of the troublesome problem, ,th salves to keep 14^jhxfng satisfactorily. 500 of Mon-Oct saae a in a Major Oil Refinery. N.X. Porstar and 1-9 (January, 1941). | Statistics are present of occupational and non-occupatlon- ml illnesses and inJuris raflnery during 1939, with special > attention to respiratory reeoneible for 61.30 of lost time casas, end sxcaedad a-occt^etlonal diseases and noa-cccu- patlonal injuries coabi^j wms in February, and prephy- lactic measures ond/tfibucer wo that period should be insti- tuted with on atsAros-ji reduce the Oastrointestinal disorders and the arthritloMjSunplc group are aext^s and can be controlled by more rtgikwfcjjMploymant examinatlo ' check-ups. Regarding in Juries.<^r^times as many lost time ured outside the plant as in jtfnpreonal pursuits, snd ths days double. Reduction of cqflpetional lost time Ulnossas achieved by more atten- ths subj sot on the part of employ tho visiting nurse, .tin# checks by the nurse will also eases in which the family doctor certifies to an unduly The average time lost by the worker has been reduced from 28 days days a year in a relatively short time, through the efforts of but preaent necessity for defense measures and the intoreet of the gov ^n worker's health should stimulate industry to efforts to improve tbo worker' ^MtSLth still more. 561 Rehabilitation at Baton Rouse Refinery. J.L. Ind. Had., ^0, 83-7 {March, 1941). The authors describe the rehabilitation program at the Baton^Rouge refinery of Standard Oil Company of Louisiana. The same problems were encountered, and net in the same general way, as have been reported by others, but a few additlonaT points are noteworthy. In the case of the white employee the causes of dis ability from 111 ness follow very much in the order of causes of death in the nation, namely heart disease, tuberculosis, ate. Among oolored employees, syphilis is the chief cause of disability. White employees predominate In the group that require consideration due to industrial aoddents, while the colored employees predominate in the group requiring consideration due to illness not attributable to their Jobe. Disabled aaployees frequently make the best n- ployees. A definite medical plan, thorough examination prior to placing employ ees in e remunerative occupation, and a perpetual inventory of disabled personnel: are advocated. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. 502 Oyania Arthritis end Re-BanloTment. J.G. Kuhns. lad. Mad., 10, 94-9 (March, 1941). To tha layman, chronic arthritis is most eonnonly associated with crippling of ths spina or extremities and with serious disability. Rarely is it considered compatible with a fair measure of health and relative freedom of physical activity. So prevalent is this concept that it is very difficult for individ uals to find employment. On the othar hand, using the records of the Robert Brock Brigham Hospital as a yardstlck^Lt muld appear that only about one-fourth of chronic arthritics do not becamg^SUmployable in seme capacity due solely to thik severity of their arthritt^Aonution. Contributing factors to the tiOTOft the probability of t^air z^employment include such conslderatioz occupational ci^s(s\ and tn^fuerthAtls. Much more detailed and ci eoUeC^T^ata sxae=mjUanr^triod of time are necessary for the succei elucidal^t^qf th^jpgS^jSrotad problma of re-<xployment end chre<gn>j>b ftiritis. 583 Medical Ltlonal Status. The Ocul Awi tMltmi al Consideration of the Detect! Early Changes hr Bionic Puh.Health Repts., 3|ri301- (June 27, 1941). Of 1____ group, 49)1 had gaf&k&faaothT 90 had micros- Lar leeio: itio of avitThe ocular condition was lii conjunct! dminist^p^arvitsmin A as specific therapy to *h part of the gro tii in nine persons have now corn pletely disappeared. ices by hiomicroecopio examination. In all othars recaiving S'unctlval lesions have markedly receded to the point of near dlsaj all cases the striking feature is the vary long pariod of time or eta recovery, e matter of months even with therapy of high e not receiving therapy hove shown no improvement. It _ stid^taat probably precedes night blindness as an aarly sign amino si s\T~ for ion of early avitaminosis A, tha biomicroaceoi ion is reconmMnded a, convenient, objective mathod. \ ^to^f'conblnad with grosk^K n, all degrees of xerosis may ba graded* ifuing to sevarity and hti^jkriced prevalence of avltamin- aslidR I'fc s low-inccma group, objec aM^*3Lldatlng previous dietary eata its reiativaly frequent o -- population at large. Gnomical Oust Control with Low Resistance" filter Connection and Tan Selection. f.f. Krevath. 33-5 (february, 1941). In this iaetallmest the importance of proper cona^ti^ne for the filter and ex haust fan are discussed. Whan properly connected, t^fr resistance loss across the filter Is a large fraction of the overall realsttacClois, but the ovorall loss may easily become several times the filter lose asaMbly is poorly designed. The size of the filter must be selected not ox jr performance but also for low resistance characteristics. It is false eeoi )to scrimp on tha size of the filter, as savings in first coat will be replace by increased main tenance costs and power conception. Size le an important consideration in fan selection also, for a series of similar fans, capacity la directly proportional to the square of the disaster of the fen wheel, and so a aall fan must be oper ated fester than a large one. Other items Aacuesed are frictional lose in the bearings, leakage, frictional resistance of the air moving over the fan pages, and shock losses. It la essential in order to secure the most efficient fen that we carefully select the proper size, the most efficient type end the best workmanship. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2. Legal Develo'tnenta 688 Inhalation of Vaporized Lead Palat. Lead Poisoning. Accidental Injury. Respondeat mrked hair a day with petitioner on July 28, 1340, and azperioncod some discomfort end requested e respirator which the petitioner furnished hut which by reason of its age and condition, was only partially offoctivo. Respond- cat worked the following day and slipped a day on account of lack of paint and then worked three days more with lead paint and two days with alimlnum paint which had no load content. The resrcndSE testified that he began to hare stomachs cramps and muscular pains e^mhaet%lrd day but that ha thought that hi; difficulty was due to the confined s^ee in which he was working end the in) heat.^Sekpondent<ret\irned borne July 31st end his condition becemg as to .'injury to an employeo engagad hazardo exposure to and inhalation q^6ri^bMzed lead paint' gun ovar a short porlod dttMrwhich results In sufficiently certain and in point of time to ion for t porary die at el. Okie. Si 699 "Accident" Within the .--ldsnt. This controversy Involvi ion for as eye bun, "conjunctii ritis," resulting flashes while ths nployee was working near some Commission found in favor of ths ` claimant and awar t disability is involved, the sattors presented ecidcnt, end the question as to which of two lnsui d it bs judicially determined that the employee suet ompensa&f4ccidi Injury within the meaning of the Workmen' t. It 13 undapute< the Croat Aaorican Indemnity Company, plai error, was the ia^ter employer for this hazard until boo , 1940. Ths company ` ^ after this date, and assart State Compensation I ths carrier of the n ustrial Cosmlsalon found t occurred May 10, 1940. .ts urged as requiring reversal as accident within ng of the Workman's Componsation accident the dis- ity did not extend over ten days; the acci tlmo aftor noon 11, 1940, at which tima plaintiff in srzor was. or of the risk, Counsel for ths indemnity wy first contend mllebility, in that claimant suffered fzm an occupational dlsoaeo rather an accident. If claimant bad been working as e weldsr thsro perhaps is same basis for tho contention advanced. Se was engsgsd in doing general agk^sor was this injury, under ths drmastanees, to bs expected in the usual co events. There is ample testimony to support ths finding that the disabil`it-y^ bp-f-ic--m- ]ipensoblo from June 9 to July 9, 1940. Thmro is as dispute that tbs injury which the em ployees sought compensation was present May 10. Ths commission was warranted, as a reasonable inference therefrom, in finding that claimant's eyo condition resulted from an exposure to flashes incident to welding operations on that data or within e reasonable time prior thereto. Ths judfiaat is affirmed. Croat Amortcan Indemnity Co. v. Stats Componsation Insurance - Colo. Supremo Ct. Decided September 2, 1941. (CCH). --Annual Meeting -- Nov. 12 and 13-- V Digest of Industrial fygiene - 4. 702 Silicosis. Bocovory of Co^TM-I.w ^lability for Negligence. Attqpt to Recover from Insurance Csrrisr. Mo Accident. It appears that the plaintiff, before the institution of the suit at bar, had secured a jud^ont against bis fanner employer, tbs National Iron Company, for damages on account of having contracted silicosis by roason of the negligence of tho employer in its failure to obey and comply with certain statutes of the Stato of Minnesota designed for the safety and well-being of mnployoes in cer tain types of industry. Tho piaintiffaihloges bis Inability to colloct his sail Jud^Mrt from his foxser aaploysr, %g4&i2gs this suit against the insurer. The defendant, on the other hand, conte k that said policies only cover liability for ladU&os sun ed by accident, a that plaintiff* a condition was caused by dii \the placdlngs but two questions for the to dot all inj *st, whether the policies covor liabill ^ ktained by accident, and, second, waa^^fdhlrff' s injury sue the facts Golden case tho compel oegllam buVAta&^anl azcl whidK^tnere was no ae it. In the case of Golden v. Lerch$r5j^%nc., kcal with those of this ones. a the [ary of Golden against his not under eduslvaly on tbolr lability for harmfully, not because of accident, i.dious and c a, in the causation of Lnneaot has determined the precise questions rais The motion of tho tontlons of the pleintlff. . v. Libr,**y Xna. Co.* U. S. Dist. Ct., Diet, of 23, 1941. (CCH). 703 Occupational Diseases. on Law Supploont, Row York State Department of Labor, p. Carbon Monoxido Poiaontag.X^i me ed a largo nembor of automobilo motors each day lj^n^w-ventila blind as a result of optic neuritis. Thalnaufta Board found thgt ,oas resulted from exposure to toxic smouirakTop^iO from running aoto^i the claimant's condition was an occupgS^wah^ilsease covered by thii^ finding was afflxmed. "Aay^dJ^Rjccx^atlonal Disosses." this paragraph: Arthritis, tra: who used a 12 lb. iron, trmoatlzatl sure involved. Award was based on tba 'Bronchial asthma, suffered by an a Bronchitis complicated with esthmn contracted bjk^ palsy suffered by the driver of an open truck and drafts, cold sad wind, necessitated by his eaplojmen5 tlon sustained by a mortis polisher requlrod to tight* os wore hold compens- wrlst, suffered by a by tho ropeetod s of tho use of tho nter. rkor. Bell's uted to exposure to Dapuytron's contrac- loosen daps. 704 Slight Donation from Duty. Annotations, p. 29, Workman'! nsatlon Law, South Dakota, 1941. Not every alight deviation from an employe' a duty will deprl^^na or his depend ents of their right tc compensation under the Workmen's Compensation Lew. There la a distinction between negligently doing am authorised set and doing an un authorized act or one beyond the oploye'a Job. The first dooa not deprive the employe of his right to compensation whareaa the letter doee. If the injury or rlak of injuqr Is incidental to aployment, the right to compensation follows. (Stratton v. Interstate fruit Co., 47 S. D. 492, 199 M.W. 117) Bombor the Mooting, Nov.. 12-13~- V. X Digest of Industrial $rgiene - 5. 705 Disease: "Injury by Accldant." Annotations. ?. 26, ^ogjnnt s Compensation Law, South Dakota, 1941. Encephalitis, causing sudden collapse of a district manager after unusual exer tion, exposure and exhaustion, was held to constitute "Injury b7 accident." (Henzlik . Interstate Power Co. 67 S.D. 289 N.W. S89). PTE: It has bean called to our attontlon by one of our ncstoer companies that in itan i^427, June, 1941 Issue of the Digest, relating to the recent enactment in the State of Washington of Chapter 235, 1941^the wording is so framed as to be apt to give the erroneous impression that ewn act did not repeal the schedule of occupational llsaases previously coniai3l^J> in the law (Sac. 7679-1 of Rsmlngton' Rorlsod^Statutoa) and consequently such schedule is still part of tha wharoajLmnch act of\1941 azprekShy amended said Sac. 7679-1 of Remington' s>Re^vO vised S5*c$f>ea taKrjad as etipouiy quoted in the first paragraph of itwreu^^ in the DiWejfk elt^tBaa^Smnnce, according to all rulea of cons^ssu^w.^that the said sendule i|^wl6aB& law. Compensation la now payahlrafS5hlngton for ag "sucC^eMS^^tofectlon as arises naturally and prgfflaKWy cut of extra-hazardoug^b^ey&Rj^Kthls term being elsewhere deflnanthi^u statute. 706 Prevention of Silicosis.^ Discussion of tho uee of cerpte are given from the An extensive bibliography is^ *2, 575-378, 579, (Sovember, 1940). a the prevention of slllcoeia. Exichearbeitblatt (vol. 20, So. 26,1940). 707 Minernlogical Jahrbuch d. Proues^fi4bl\)Eghdosatts*l, Seri cite, kaolin dtfHNg&Kspar were ^thejnpst lung cf a slllofettLTOainor. There was no tolned anjAo^Qmt quantity of collol the pH^iromgpimportant in dissolving pon^g^s^t plays an important part : Lved substances correspond to Las and the fluids of tho body, either callosities by precipitating out from stlon. H.J. Holmers and H.tJdluft. 59, 727-754, (1939). (Carman). ant substances found in the tha wash liquor conThe authors think that tissues and so, correscourse of tho disease, reaction of the dust bout harm or produe- Structural Rumination by Roentgen Hays of PnexmocSdieti at Porcelain Workers. Part 4. B. Gartner. Arch. f. Gcworbcpat 151-163 (1940). (German). Roentgen and ohmslcel findings are presented of the duet1 teen in the lungs of 10 porcelain workers and 1 fluorite worker. Kaolin and ^qmfcs lines were aeon, aid in every case in which dust was foiad, quarts was also aw by chemical analysis. Tha rather states "....in tho diagram, intsrferd&o^lnga of kaolin were to be found preponderantly or oven alone," and further that "thereforo it is obvious to say that the at 11 infinite and kaolin nay give silicosis without essential admixturo of quarts." 709 The Question of Serial EraH of Workers Exposed to Dust, by Moans of Min iature Roentgenograms. S. Sauoe. Arch, f. Goworbonath.. 10. 93-96 (1940). TSfv^wwl . It is possible to axsmlno many son in a short time with miniature film -- the size moat frequently usod is 24 sq.mm. (0.95 sq.ln.). Socond stage silicosis is easily seen with certainty and first stags can usually ba recognised if the tachale is perfect. The method oust be improved 'and should bo foilwed by large films in suspicious cases. Digest of Industrial 2ygiant - 6. 710 Sllicim. 3111cataa. Silicosis. V. Glass. Klin. Wchnschv. 19. 338-560 (19401. rassji---------------- ----------------- Rabbits wars injected intravenously with finely ground silicate lusts: clay, feldspar, saridta. Deposits of tbs dust were found in the spleon, liter and lymph glands but no increase in fibrous tissue. Opal (aaorptous silicic acid) was also injected and tbs results ware large deposits of dust with many giant calls, but no fibrous tissue. Opal is bore soluble than quartz; therefore, the conclusion Is made that the dissolved sJd&cio add Is act the fibrous-producing substance alone. Quartz is the onl^-n&Vtpnce producing silicosis. Dust taken from amodly silicotic lungs was bSmKlajoctod, and this again produced silic sis. x%iBarease i&tho oun^qf thmrlnjected dust could not be found. Tt author hqjif^ado the^&wiAjtion of a covering, characteristic of sis bodie^/fcp fddjpttiUA$eShite and also opal, but in tha mallast^o vs only, in tal^citfL^ulM^^Z| sSncludos that dissolved silicic add bt quartz nay pSM^%^f&pZ^orlng. Quartz shows no aorphologlcalfts iptoastrable appearance of^firt^uiiSkr^O tho tissue the dust deposited )si ties re tains its fUBB\8|2ijsducinnaffect. 711 stos Dust _ Animals. M. Nord&ann Zdltac rsch., 51. 941). (German). ital work wit asbesti war a period of from 47 to 90 days for 3-1/8 to 3 & sis bodies and pmouncod da* grooa of diffusa fibrosis Proliferation of the bronchial' epithelium was found, such Teaching on neighboring alveoli. Thlq was followed by a metaplasia ithaliim with comlflcation, which later seemed to ba a transl. neoplami. Tha first well-developed carcinoma was found afte: th^tima only 10 of tha alee had sur- vlved and 2 carcincmas'Twhrbiffcund thbi^-Lln tho first series, 33 of 50 mica lived longerx^W*,*elca * showed a&dnmhl growth of tha epithelium, 5 metaplasia and In tha second aeries50) lived more than 3 weeks; 16 showed aotaplasia?jt coi cancer. nary Asbostoais Accompanl< iboi Hannesson. 9i?zz. 40-44 (Pobruary, 1941) ho porlod 193^1939 incluslvo, there deaths from asbestosis at Britain, of which 38- were ass- ociated wit^tub Is. This reports case of 44 year old man who had bean an asbastog>bl supplying the mater- ial to a cleaning machine. Although supplied with~a irator, ha had never won it. He was thin, had a high tm&parature, and bilateral creplta- tlona over wide areas. Clubbing of tho fingers od and the sputum con- talnad both asbestoaia bodies and tubercle bacilli. Th^nttaptgesogram sbowod "widespread progressive nodular tuberculous Infiltration eftSk cavitation in all zones of the right lung fields and In tha upper and mld-zohm/Af the left lung fields.... Tht right dona of tha dlaphrage was elevated, fhsrb was oo radlo- graphle ovldanca of pnaumoeonlosls." A diagnosis of ssbsstosii and tuberculosis was made. Tha patient died within a month of spontaneous pnetmotherax. Pulmon ary findings showed both to have extensive flhro-eassous tuberculosis with cavi tation; macroscoplcally they wore like those of pure tuberculosis. Microscopic ally there was revadad seasons tuharentosle with meny tubercle bacilli and typieal reticular fibrosis of asbestosis with thickened pleura. There is a dis cussion of tbs diagnosis of tha pure and complicated disease. --Foundation's Sixth Annual Moating: Pittsburgh, Sow. 12-13-- 7 Digest of Industrial Qyglene - 7. 713 The Lom of Coal in Saw South Wales. c>j---teal Awiywn and Pathology. C. Badhem sad H.B. Taylor. Studies in Ind. Syg., Ho. 20. Report for year ended Deeober 31st, 1939. &elth Dept., New South Walos. A report of findings in a study of the lungs of 30 minors and other workers in the sines of New South Vales. A brlof ease report is given for oach indin dual, including occupational history, gross and nicroscoplc pathology in the lung, cardiovascular and other coapllcatlons, and cbalcal analysis of the lung. The findings are tabulated but analysis ot^A data Is postponed for a later mono graph. cThe authors state their rlmcuNi the foznatlon of coal dust nodules, which^h^y regard %s "taking origtns^&)tne same site as the early silicotic nature, they early surround and ingSubs'^, the taxa^&tlon* d^asplflKftffJ^onchloles." They raise the question far this haabtlon T?pI|rcrft&rlnort dust and how far to the aailaaplm^or free sillcd^htigi ,i^Mammeilrn it. They also hellore "that very umS^rths dust braathed^find^flwaSBi into the interstitial tissue of the njbedf and that ary little ofxt&HMmgra&y insoluble dust is eliminated b^CsffAction or by the lymphatics 714 "Minors ^^ft^^nioS^^Sillcosis, Anthraeoa^eX^An Analysis of 227 Cases. 164-181 (1941) <3\sL Casd4^dfIphevsBoconlos^hhve bdM^aollected fradfjfteaccords and z-rays of a larg^Veteraas' hossppiiltsS^f^r tuhwIoia. /0\tw^otal 227 cases, 142 aro con- sidered as 1st, 2nd and , 34 as 1st, 2nd and 3rd stage! pnaiaocoalosis with tube: group of 31 eases on which autopsy was performed. These serai divided according to age group and to years spent in aining. In e pneiaoeoniosls, sputum samples ware consistently negative^! (tient with 3rd stags pnotmoconlosls were taken over a period 4 greasion visible on the plate, although the symptoms l(i niaber of the nen bad had cooperatively ahos^^zpbeuros, although^sne long as 48 years. Of the 31 autopsies, 21 ajK&*tpb tuberculosis and^the death in most or all of these wee ^uamu^other than pne\aocdad^Ls cases dlagaosod as pneumo- coniosig^d^Seed no silicosis at autopsy.'*' seussion of diagnosis. \ltf iffist Conditions in the Tri-3tate gfOklehpmaj ansas_ind _ iM. C.C. Dills. Am. J~ Pub. Health, _ (June, 194177 study of surface and underground dust conditio District has sen in progress for 8 months. 1366 surface dust taken at 11 ata- tions. The worst average dust concentration in t: wes foiad to be 3.3 llllon particles, and the average for all counts par cu. ft. Ccn- trol stations outsids the field gave an average count df_^33 million particles. Medical studies ire still bsing conducted so that safe Hgjftg can be set. Dust condltioBS in minss that had a routine sampling cimtoe were found to ha better then in without this service. The average duefcsgumt for drillers in tho latter was 6.6 million partlelss, compared with 1.6 miS|loa for the former Bines. Tbs average dust counts for shovalers wars 4.3 end 2.7 for mass without end with fng services. Collaring holes dry was foiad to be the worst source of dust. Dust control aeasuree include wetting muck piles, irk ing faees end haulage ways, spraying and drifts and aschanical loaders, shooting off shift, oollsring holos wet, and ventilation. Dust sapling in con fined places has indicated that share these dust control devices are applied pro perly, dust concentrations can be aaintalned below S Billion particles. Discussion: Similar results were found in 10 mines in Oklahoma. Lower counts were seen in nines with routine duet stapling than in nines without. Double shift operations increase the duet problen by keeping the duet from settling. Digest of Industrial Hyglsne - 8 716 Control of Tubareuloals and the Bsploymant of a Tuberculous Individual jn Indus try. W. A. St<rri Ind. Mad,. 10 . 221-226 (June. 1941). 1. Industrial medicine is primarily directad toward the discovery of incipient disease. 2. An example of this is ths detection end control of tuberculosis amongst the employee of the Zas-mum Zodak Company where the incidence has been reduced since 1921 from 2.3 per 1,000 to 0.2 per 1,000 in 1940. 3. A program of routine serial or annual stereoroentgenograms was made an cstab- lished procedure in 1928. 4. An accurate and active foliow-uj^ ^.c is a basic requirement for the succeam^Rf any effort to curb tuhei study of cost af^gfcercfcSTosls among 100 of these employes, tl tt from work per case was 595 working cost for these 100 cases was 8406,J vats agencies bore approximately cost, supported) bore approximately 20^. ^ rker after convalescence must barTnenirftired if the itained. V^T _ __ _ ustq^i^porgrgaannizizaattiioonnas by Z. ^A^^r^asnp&jpaauusser revealed the actJiiitt' ' ' workers with amgtbtyP^ubsrculo al s. 8. psllowlng fa< taken into ag<^n^Cn any consideration of ths pi$jynent of an am erculoaST\v5 (a) The extent < (b) The completeness < (c) The character of (d) Tho necessity for suporvlslon after return to work, 9. It would seem safe to ylng of an arrested case of minimal tubdrculosls on the pro toe t a risk, provided such individuals .are under adequate __,____ ,____ ,, 10 Discovering ud j^o^tlag tuberculosis ^T/didy successful if we make it possible for t^A^p >ldual to once ogSX^ become/ 717 rculosls In Working Pli ir of Infactlon of Woikera. . (German). ^ ts recognise the claim for ccmpensat <ts tuberculosis from another worker In the Stressed that the plaintiff need not provo ths a question of the managers having violated hie health. It is sufficient to prove that there were dltione. the Manager to PreZortbild., 37, 707. one wozker consupremo court -.x^^lctly If there is protecting the workmans' k "er and dangerous con- 718 Report of a Study of the 0*wn;*- Mica. Feldspar and Totjata^Industries la New Hampshire. Z.J. Vlntlnnar and others. U.H. State Board oyjwelth. Concord, N.H. pp. 72 (fohrunry, 1941). Hero of a troatlee on general subjoct of duet control than a ^statement of the findings in a detailed study. Illustrates the difficulty of proeontlng a repre sentative picture of working conditions in an industry, when conditions vary considerably from plant to plant. 719 Expert Opinion About Pnsvoconloals (Silicosis). I. Geubatz. Baitr. z. Klin, d. Tuberc.. 95. 286-311 (1940). (German). Only "serious" silicosis Is compensated in Germany. Sew connective tissue forma tion in the lungs must diminish respiratory capacity and affeet the circulation so that there is e considerable decrees# in bodily efficiency. The author has wxsmtnod respiratory and cardiovascular function in 900 sillootles in the past flvo years. Thirteen cases and their conclusions are raferred to in detail. Digest of Industrial Hjrglana - 9. 720 Silicosis and SUico-Tuberculoals. II. Critical Examination of HoantsoBograns. Difffontltl foaeaoala Bstwcon 5ilicoals and Other Pulaonarv Pisaasaa7 ' Z.Gmubatz.Ptach. Tubartc.-Bl.. j5. 32-40 (1941). (Oeiaan). A presentation of good description and raproductlona of x-rmy films of silicosis at different stages. Discussions of differential diagnosis are givan, illustrat ing the dlffareaeaa In films of sllloosls, tuberculosis, aillary tuberculosis, cardiac lung, and carcinoau. 721 Subcutaaooua Injections of Oxygen in py of Lesions of Respiratory organs Caused hr Irritating Oases. I.Y. Sovetsk. Mod. No. 19 p. 22. 11940). (RusslAor. A rcpcnsS^of 81 cas^hof toi&g/tftaicaftls, bronchiolitis and broncho pnev causod hg^rritafi^Msaa sdk trotted with subcutaneous injections of 03 Along th^\^mtantXnm^moacldf phosgene, chlorine and chloi __ cutaneous ooga wasegjKWbadcod in aiounts varying from the lnltla\tf|gB of 200 co. to 1500^8<(\SwqRQther day; in caaea of paataonla and pnavasonia 1000 ee. was There was an laaediate iaprovEasfciwuBjectively, followed bi^huMRlfin of=4&agh, the sensation of tlgbtgiss MPthe chest, dysp nea an&^Sfca^^ufftfpp sputug^rlt is also of valuea^^Mpplenantary aeasure in the ^iPPatabt of aexite^and m&acuta bronohitls^^^p^Qp^irritatlng gases. 722 Haalth Reports. 567 goer* TJI. Gefafer. Public This report deals with si al injuries causing disability lasting 8 calendar days or proxlaataly 2,000 white sale workers in the glass industry during" S30-34. The frequency of dMblllty by broad diagnosis groups odMSsM'YaToi with that experienced by 170,000 sale industrial worfcara. aSaarxof if disability because of rheuiatic diseases was ovor 50flt/mrapeSr than<tw n counted for by Influenza and grippe. Grinder&rojtMa workers, and fl experienced frequency, dis- ability, and Mftpttap*ratos well abovp> 1 ontire groups of workers. 5# uraf^intorest to obaorvd rs show all three isdexea^lSoe rdlatlvaJLy high for either< he non-respimtory disoadf^Oruiishers, on the other band he average for the up of workers with respect to hut above the aver- the non-respiratory diseases. < 1 above tho average respect to non-respiratory diseases tlonal group ex- perionced a low frequency of respiratory disea ty and severity rates were above the average for the entire Batch nixars, furnace and casting workers; show a relatively respiratory dis- oases but a long average duration of ensos. 723 Catching the Duet from a 1--er Mill. O.C. Ralston and nley. U.3. Buroau of Uinos, Report of Investigations 3538 (1941). A dust catcher ivrtgnr* for use with a hamer Bill la described)and illustrated. This type of aill probably exeeods ell other types of oruehari^in the quantity of dust released into the surrounding air. This arises from the fact that the action of a 1* aill la dosaly annlagoue to that of a fan or blower. This Mission of duet around a hoier aill is checkad by leans of a bag endosad with in a closed supporting fma that la provldad with e flap door to peadt tho placing of a container to catch the crushed antarlal. A pipe directs the air currant from tho top of the fwi to a large can that contains the bag. This bag, in turn, rests in a wire net. The elre net la enough nailer than tho can so that a 2-la. amular ring mains around the net. This detail prevents ths suction of tho blower from sealing the bag against tho veil of the can. About 99 par cent of the dust is eaight by this bag, and another bag - on tho blow- sx*'- finishes the Job* Digest of itfustrial Hygiene - 10. 724 PiiMift nrr1 -*" n--n--oval of Dust from (C--Bt Mill M.) 49. 214-216 (August, 1941). Planta. Anonymous. Concrete A discussion of the various modsrn types of dust control aquijmant crsllsbe for cament mil installation. According to the author, a "well-known cement plant superintendent," ..."The public dmsands the discontinuance of dusty conditions within a cement plant, and in the atmosphere around a cement plant if it happens to be located in or near a city or town, or in a rich faming cornualty." Ho has seen this public attitude developing and growing all through his 25 years of experience in cment manufacturing opepmloaa. 725 564-5 With the industrial where gases, an attorney, states in out a ni 726 ______________________ achutz. p. 407 Protective devices insurance associations and illustrations, are Seating, Piping and Air Cond., and a constant Influx of new workers,, and the general rise in business likely to increase, particularly in tasifo'jSants result from manufacturing procesae^sjei author, if spodflc cases whloh have ccmFup^ftf various subject. HLs selection oc=#ne material brings involved. ces Against Dust. the dust protection of that cea, together with descriptions 727 Roentgen Findings of the Worth. Arch. f. Derm. u. Syph., 131. The appearance in thaae^casei like silicotic lungs with "more fibrosis and "coarselyjaotl " The disease begins in the lungs with a Stic enlarga&cnt''aj th spreading out along the vessels to of increased ftpsqaisS 11___hide Poisoning. I. Animal lento and Subacute Polson- .^fuller. Arch, exptl. Path. PI '193 (1940). (German). spheres containing 1:400,000 or more ol phlde rabbits were or killed by gaLoaged exposure. The ldtb*t*atl< ^ emulative and the 0io sis is unfavorable. All important organs fcofo congehieji) The worst damago is suffered by the reepiratory tract, liver and kld^ya^ 729 Occupational Daiy-- Hydrogen Sulfide. G. Rodenae^dp. Med. D.ln., 37, 215-217 (194l). (German). A discussion of the different health hazards of hydrogen^fl^de --- acute poison ing, conjunctivitis, etc* There are roporta of interneting^^kea, the historical background of this industrial disease, end e discussion of 730 Order of the (German) Minister of Labor Regarding the Protection of Spray Paint ers. March 6. 1940. Helchaeesundholtsbl.. 13. 3B3"3B4 (1940). The terms of reference of the insurance association for fine mechanical and electric technics for producing fresh air apparatus for spray painting aro pub lished. Spraying large pleeoa and standing inside the spray booth, the paintor can he protected only by supplied-air apparatus. This must fulfil the following requirements, among others: Compressed air supplied to tho workers from the main factory source must be cleaned of oil vapors by activated charcoal filters; tho compressed air mast be dalivercd in a single line to the worker* s bench and hero it must ha separated into spraying and breathing tubas. A half-meek or cap may ha used but tho stream of air must not g directly to the rcrkers' feeo. Antosurtio regulation and hasting of the air era not always n*o*eeery. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - u. 731 Toxicolosy of Explosion Geaea_. Bata. Z. ges. Schiess-u. Sprvagstoffv., 33. 181-138 (1940J. (German). ficploalon gases can. be divided Into 3 group* with respect to their toxicological action: (1) very poisonous: CO, nitrous gases, cyanogen compounds, HgS; (2) fairly poisonous: nitrllas, CO2; (3) non-poisonous: Hydrocarbona, K, %0. Tie amounts of CO found In tbs explosion gases from several explosives are: picric acid 61.03, TNT 57.01, nltrocelluloso powder 46.87, carbonita 36.0, oxplosive gelatin 34.0 and amonal 23.7451. Toad,cological action Is described for CO, nitrous gasos and HCN. The physiological?action of explosion gases cannot bo calculated from the toxicity of thoin.^eDBpnents since these are not additive but syftrglstlc. ^ 732 Hoiat5 aon Moi Three c over vario and l, and trntes the lobii trations when_ ____ " the t: elap^d between his globln of the sample exposed can be est Concentration In Air mad Carbon f. Geworbenath.. 10 . 9 7-103 (1940) jpicting the formation of CO-hmaoglot the Inhaled CO concentration is afcjfcfifc?0.01$ sitting, wmlttng, or working; t^ssraJM one illus- nnn (sitting, walking- wo'qcAgj for CO concenjthlrd chart shows tha dednase of CO-hsooglobln (these are based^Wb^^sl author's self experan indivlduaJ^McaVyoixlnc In CO air, the tlmo taking cdSt&Q&ood sample, and the CO-bsmo- the MBmune concentration to which be f 733 Pbotocoloriaetrlc Determlna- ne in the Air with Zlrconlum-Allrarlnl M.M. Raines and S.7. Eazac Cham., (U.S.3.R.), ^3, 133-136 (Russian with Trench Treat samples of air 0.3 cc. each of Zr-allzarln indi- cator, 3 N HgSOg aa&3^tCl in a Volumet ak. Add water to the mark, beat to boiling undurn^ruLux condonser ^ra^dly. After 10 aln., determine fluorine wl^i^pk pBbtocolorlmeter. parf^the Indicator, mix equal volumes of Zr (MQ<g\ra5^6 gs per 100 cc of and MKS^zarlnsulfonate (0.17 ga per 100 cg^Tmter). If interfering subat fluorine should be dis- tlHWra)pf^SlF6 from the solution after pn W/tbe above reagents and tha ite should be treated again as above iminatlon of fluorine curve should be constructed by ous^eatounts of fluorine jlution of known concentration. By this net *008 mg of fluorine can be determined* 3),' 734 An Improved Air Sampling Device for Tldd Work. P.l Atta and C.H. McClure. Tech. Paper Bo. 8, Illinois Dept, of Labor, April, 19*4*^ A unit for sapling air for large laplageri is deacribedyj^Jt consists of a case containing pop, flooeter, and laplnger rnok. 733 Proservatlon of Health In the Rubber Industry. T. Womacks.^bl. f. Cewerbehyg. 28, 1-19 (1941). (German). An interesting description of the health hazards in the rubber Industry and their prevention. Benzene and other solvents especially ore dlaouesod and some Interesting facts about tha dangers of 'Bunn* (artificial rubbor) production are brought to light. The escaping vapors, especially of styxol, irritate the kin. Individual proeoaass and methods of decreasing their dangers are re ported, and there ore a large number of illustrations. Meeting - Bov. 12 and 13--- Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. 746 Spirochetal Jaundioe (Walls* Disease). H. Bloom and H. Walker. Virginia Mad. Monthly, ffl, 198-200 (April, 1941). Seven instances of Weils' disease are presented, with autopsy findings la tho fire fatal cases. The authors bailors there was an occupational factor in only one case that of a Junk dealer who aa7 hare cone in contact with rats during his work. Interstitial nephritis was the most common and by far tbs aost impor tant pathological change -- the authors consider it the cause of death. Many cases sro probably mistaken for catcrf Jaundice. The S7adroao of acute fsrer, with generalized aching and tenderness' the body, and Jaundica should suggost Wells' disease -- the differential s being elded by the presence of cularSpains and kidnap involv 747 Military 1941). A discussio ploairaa of Tatryl fillare sapors thos' many other toxic Sefety 5ews, 44, 22-23, 77-80 controlling eceident end health kazeru?in exiunltlon loading plants. The makbfmjcre and use high order detonatlou ol\$^nf and shell essociated with it. ^Me^to&e effocts of tho rator, end recryeta83ftorct, and the effects of dangerous^Ncai^fTects aro similar to carbon tetrachlorlda and xtkeslraa industry. 748 Rcduco Noise A.SL Allan, Foundry 69, 60-61, 143 (Saptambar, It has baea estimated by RolrfsAbetement Council that daily losses in industry because of ez#esi^j2#4j*o aipttM\to approximately #2,000,000. The loaa is measured In tomma^lesn&e^effeatr^ effort by workmen subjected to continuous loud aolsmj(\TOls articid'rocous$/c=srogram to rearrange a foundry end erect an enlM^iBw cleaning room^bhlch .W&d tako adrantage of tbs latest ideas in thm trabugae of foundry nolsb^p^sorpt^an^N Many noise-producing oper ations mp&pi&n. in ecoustlcally tretitwbootnvvlad interior of tbs udlag wells and roof, was Ly with acoustic nator- alone here already boon receive indleating their of tho noise reduction methods whici tituted. Manageacnt ntlnced that the expenditure will carti into more effl- oat and faster opermtloaa la the pleat. Dust Control System Design. Installation and Opsrat Standpoint. I.I. trevath* Heat. A Vent.. > X Points to be from Installation of an affective signed and maintained, era emphasized. Tho advice of should be pioyed wherever possible. There la e discus of maintaining standards end of giving physical oumlnatloi tta Ccobcojcom 1941). it systen, well do or consultant the importance ^p) 73a Lighting and efficiency. I. Kmanerr. Zbl. f. Gewerbehyg I 2jj> 33-40 (1941). (Goman). Increasing tho intensity of illmination increases visual acuity, but beyond a cortain intensity this is very slight. Intensity must correspond to tho fineness of the work, hut the direction from which the light eaters the field of work is also important. Blinding hy tho light end by the reflections from the mrt is to be avoided* Mercury and sodlm lights may be of use* since color is some times of importance. Samples arc given of tho economy of better illmination. lar the Meeting, Nov. 12-13-- Digest of Industrial Qygtene - 15. 751 Industrial Health Defense: Bow Plant Inslnee-- Mlc> Plaid Measursmsata of Industrial Ventilation. W.C.I. Hmseon. Beatiaa. Piping * Air Cond.. 13. 22.28 (l94lh Apparatus for making field measurements of airflow la Industrial exhaust equip- meat la described. Chemical smoke producers for tracing leaks or direction of air movement aro discussed and illustrated as are the u-tube manometer and the pitot tube for measuring velocities. Aljg> shown is a carrying case for these instruments. 752 Tho Trea^ent of yfaejnons Occurring in the Maoesl\ Industi M. 3rtBsfc^ Practitioner. 14dg>ifl-9ylPtbruary. 1241). resulting in the production and proc dlsct reforeaces are made to magnesium di >bi< jaths used la treating magneslta cast and exposure to x-rays la lnspeettei ^Mstings. treatment lultlng from the several exposure d (Iren in detail 753 InJnrls Tho la r^flemd. War injus by the effect repeated motors and propallors. Til >y Explosion and Sot Oroifonetein. Hunch. J German) oovto La ocoupctlannl influences age from firing one shot, in( ' noise in flying and noise fro* f 754 Diagnosis of Occupy nwai Straus. 111. Hod. J., This Is tho first of Illinois DepartmanteoffDibd?, ini tho problem of oemjmyraial dlsoases. Attention Is 0&*dQa to the need foj i_neyre-l Medical Practitioner. D. C. ^the Director of Industrial Hygiene, it the general practitioner with will be dealt with later. Late occupational history. _____c_a__n_t ObLlilmaaa* tlon to Protd Workers. H. Davidson. efa&snt Hill Id.) 49, 184-135 two aspects to tbs obligation of egusrd its workers' One Is to make the encrlronaant safe using aeeldants, and the dusts, finea, into _ y eliminating hazards r illvmlnation, responsible for occupational diseases. Hush has J* ed in this con- nectlon. The other aspect, that of making the^ safe for himself, his co-worker and Industry, has not yot received the tlon it deserves. It lavolvea proper vocational guidance and advice for t: cant with lrremedi- able defective eywalght and for tho worker who has lt In the course of his employment. A survey of tho lneidenoo of truo dofi eyeelght emong the Industrial population in terms of its most important el .visual acuity. indicates about 140 to 1S0, with most probably leee them o: serious. dafoetives. 756 New Theories Concemina the Origin of Myopia. I. Lindner. Pin. Moaatsbl. f. Augenheil. p. 582 (1939). (German). The author presents Us eoncopt that myopia may bo acquired by marking at close range, in opposition to the concept of Steiger, prevailing today, that it is always Inherited. The occupational implications of thia propoaltlon are obvious. foundation's Sixth Annual Mooting: Pittsburgh, Mot. 12-13-- Difast of Industrial Sygiene - 18* 737 Aero-Otitis Madia la Ccmcressed Air Workers. Treatment with Hall\m-Orygn Mixtures. W.H. Requarth. J.AJI.A. ^16, 1766-17691 April 19, 1941). This condition was originally described in aviators but is found quit# oftsn in compressed air workers as wall. Obstruction of tha Eustachian tuba is tha prinary causa and is nest oftsn due to uppar rasplratory infactions. Pathological ly, thara is deformity and hypermail of tbs tympanic membrane, and serous or sanguineous exudate in tha middle ear. Clinically there is tinnitus, earache and Impairment of hearing. Perforatiprfjfcf tha drum with subsequent suppuration were all ovor 40 years of aga. Conjtaetival hyparmqdT! foiad in 11.* of tba verkera, cleared up S or 3 hours after work. One swMffcfbjnrked before an open fire without glasses had blepharospasm. Tha daloterioha^iffoct of light and host In this industry Is Indicated by 8 cases of co sis. Two cases cf optic neuritis oould bo attributed to tha effect of author urges that workers havo their eyes exmttned b ist ray*. The tbs industry, and that tha administrative department be charged with tha responsibility of providing and enforcing all prophylactic measures. Papers on Industrial Poisons, Cmccr, Deimatitla. etc. 760 focal Infaetim* ta Occupational Eczema. 7. Koch. Aroh.f.Dexmat. u. Syph., 180 , 47-30 (1940). (German!. focal infection is frequent both in persona with occupational eczema and in healthy persons -- no etiological relationship could be established. The success of the therapy was tha earns in oezmatous patiants with and without focal infec tions; tho removal of the fool waa without effect on the eezmm. V Digest of Industrial Bygiene - 17. 7fil Clinical Aspects and Trsat* occupational Diseadas of tha Skin. o. fepf. Zaitachr. f. arts. fortblld.. 3B. 33-38 11941). (German). ` The importance of tha occupational factor may be doubtad ud indlrldual aapacta considered If a akin dlaaasa continues acre than six months after oeasing work. Negative akin taata are not always proof tbat there is no causal relationship between tha disease and tha occupation. Positive testa era important but sot necessarily a proof. In diagnosis and prevention, inspection of work, workroom and worker are important. 762 Pathoaanf*<a at Bypersensitinty &and Persulfate in flour Workers. Dlsboeck and D.J. h f. Dermatol. u. Syph.. 181. 34-40 of flour and persulfate allergy and^tadj Ears' and aUlara* diseasds. Itaarlyemsrotfer and jtorla, asttea and eczema show a poslw&ejwaction to allergy is positive only in bmss^mfffaring with the cases. But German aupfeorrCBewid positive per- tho *czatoua bakerg^^Hl* authors stress the by inhnlatio a irritation from wet 763 Value of Side Testa in #. Koch. Visa. aed. Id Skin diseases which are a] caused by substances not cause is also useful in is imperative to asks t not with a substance, the dermatoses tlonal Dermatosis. lonal la otiology may ba shown to ba, Sarly recognition of the vity from beeoalng polyvalent. It etual substance used in the plant, Var^iftllty in the results of teats and o&msacns) must be kept in Bind. 764 A New lad (S'ept Bars eonsera have frequently b the naterlals being bandied of terlals hard to remove from the er is composed of a sulfonatad oil (oi ist and optionally a sail saotat of triaodl phosphate. This elaaaaar has bean vary useful in skins in which olive oil was previously used as a used in oases of etopla iinai la children. Health Rcpts., 56, 1708-1790 he cause of dermatitis This la especially yet effective skin egetable), a wetting sodlim hexamata and defatted It has also boon 768 Sudden Appoaranoe of an Occupational lexeme Among Moat Division of a Chemical Plant. J. Rochatoad. Nordiak, Mod. 362-986 (1941) (Scandinavian) Eczema appeared smoag the workers in an experimental laboratoff^aftar using hsm>altrodiphoaylamlne.. The effected sen gave positive results with opicutanoous testa. During illness sensitivity improved and normal parsons ware easily sen sitized. Urethan ointment decreased ths effect of tho chamioal. 766 Mule-Sbianar's Cancer. ZJC. Brockbank. Brit. Med. T., pp. 622-623 (April 26, 1941). Experience in this subject was gained by the author from seeing 190 aule-spisn ore with epithelioma of tha scrotua. Over BQft ware on the left side. The splndlea throw oil onto the aen's slothing and being of a mineral carcinogenic type, rcedlly produces skin eanoars. Periodic examinations are of tba utmost Importance. Substitution of harmless oils Is suggested. Digest of Industrial Orgies* - 19 772 The Effect of Sodiia Thiosulfate on Bxcratlon of Arsenic. S.T. Cadar, L. Zon ad M.I. Klinger. Vaaor. Pis. Inform.. 22. 123-129 (April, 1941). Tha pharmacologic action of aodlia thiosulfate la tha treauiient of araaalc poi soning is still a controversial issue. A disparity exists la tha rosults of pre vious studios la this problem, which might ba explained oa techaical dlfficultlea of arsenic analysis and tha selection of subjects. Tea syphilitic patients, each of whom had completed an orthodox c&irsa of naoersphanaaine therapy, ware selected for this study. Six of thMd^ajnlved sodium thiosulfate, while tha re salnlsgfour were used as coatrolse^&a^jfraonic content of urlns and faces anslyswNln theso sufajocts ovara p^^ad ranging from tha 1st to tha 23rd day< follot^ng the ccmnlatiaa ofatirapuroe of aaoarsphaasmiaa thorapy. Tl uriaarys^fisbal ostjreal qjrmufeaxcrotlon was aot significantly affect* alnlstratlo&^of s**&wriAdVu2fate in popularly used tharapoutl< The question UKtp111 |iSMjVslnii||i f of this compound in the treat** Ekrsenic poisoning as tha stroagost case for its oliajtei las been based on the_saipnvTla^raat it mobilized the excessive ariten l in tha body dopoti* 1 2 3 4 773 eddorT\aors and I. Sislmura. 146-147 la vf6T~of the oc aniline sorters, the authors, attempted to produce by o-toluldln and benzidine, f Rabbits, guinea-pigs, 1% solution of o-tduidln in olive oil was iajectod suheut weak in 0.1 oa doaas. In other ax- > parlmonts o-toluidla and b solved in chloroform, in tha ratio of 3)1, and the solutions am n of tha back evory other day* Bladdor papilloma wasu; injections of o-toluidin that survived ovcrJUDoTijiyif" Rab icily raaistant to tha toxic action of the charfublHmd showed a' high^l a of papilloma. Benzidino proved more tmAa^an when animals withstood lyaataant long enough this sub- stance al/^m^iced atypical prolife: oplthellim. Unfcrtuaato- ly, for?tlKgroper evaluation of tha oxp tal'^aiM.ts mabers of animals usqfttmiiroJr those developing papilloma vam^Aiapar producsd neoplastic the bladder la 9 of 16 dogs Lth h&d^tuiphthylaalna. Bffact of Calciia end Phosphorus on the Mo1tatk>&an J.B. Shields and H.H. Mitchell. J. Nutrition. 2^, 541-332 1. A low content of eoleitst or of phoaphorue or oi in the diet induced a high retention of leed in comparison with diets cost! higher mineral lovols. In faet, the only method of socurlng lead storage in rats on the aodorata concentration of dietary lead uaod (32 p.p.m.) is to calcilia content of the diet to inadequate or borderline levels. 2. Excessive dietary levels of celcivm and phosphorus are lably moro protective againet the assimilation of lead by tha body than' levels apnroxl- mating the requirements. This statement applies only to ths tts levels of liotary lead employed.' 3. Under the imposed conditions of varlablo dietary ceacaotratloas of ealeiim and phoaphorue, the retention of ealeiim runs in a diametrically opposite direc tion to the retention of leed. 4. Undor conditions of practical nutrition, an adequate intake of ealelis and of phoaphorue presimahly protects the body against appreciable assimilation of tha low lovols of dietary lead involved in ths usual lead hazard of modern life. This protootloa is sura effective in tha adult than in tha adoloaeent for any given concentration of ealeiim and phosphorus,- possibly beeauae tha mineral meta bolic of ths bone trabeculae is considerably lose intense in the adult than in the growing organics. Digest of Industrial Byileae - 20. 775 r--->* 1h CMlinn sad Adults: Cllnlcopetholcnic Study. x.J. Akelaitis.J. Btt. and Mont. Pis.. 9j. 313-332 (March. 1941)7 The post-aortas study suggests that tha structural changsa in chlldrsn and adults are a rssult of edoaa with exudation and hyperplastic changes in the leptomeoingea and endothelial colls of the blood vessels. Tho symptoms ia adults aro similar to those of any brain inflematlon, and diagnosis rests on the presence of a lead line. 776 Behavior of tho Alkali Reserve and tlona of Calcium and Matnoslau B f the Urine Before A^tor Injac- oad B. Bareggl. Med. del Lavoro 32, SM8 (1941). (Italian). ", Thirt^^/cases of^ead poiana^ng^ere troatod by injection of calclta c and oagnwai JSG&nBT* conclude that some degree of ael sent in i^L^hses The alkaline reserve increases jaction o^^^tthM^j^^woesee after injoctlon of aagnsslis 777 Lead Stoi xMant and Pap (Marc! L). A reggpt of conditic in equipment and in data from sampling with1 la the State of ispoct. Illinois 07W. Daubenspeck sr, Chicago, Tech. ^ustry miKU^^i^ul Inns of aeoded changes w 7aleanliness is stressed and operetioae is given. 778 Hlcotlno and Internal So ire to Women Hoiking in Tobacco factor* las? P. Cuabrecht and A. Lq froth, u. Phnrm.. 195. 143.131 (1940). (Gorman). The authors shoved in , pp. 121-142), that the reproduction o thyzel sensitive of the endocrine glands to nlcol "hundred ci_g_hty-tobd and 472 textile aorkers wore investirwfqjfa ilfference was fdujjd tobacco workers com- plained npe^nastucntly of dyaenoiThei^. (combined work in fac- tory jndtufo} a long walk to work, ate synptons referable to thq.<tfcoicwhich wore frequently oncount tel Poisoning br Belonivm with Sped __ I.I. Bauer. Aroh*f.Oowurbepath*, ], _ Chronic poisoning of animals with selenitni is repo: cribod and lllustratod with mieroacople sections* Tho aaounte of salaalta found In tho organa was very' a Effects on the (German]-! changes are deelie changes ere shown. 780 Phosphine ffllflfT ktnerlnenta)______A__c_u_t_e__a_n_d____________P_oisoning. . Muller. Arab* f. ami Path* u* Pham'.. 195. 1B4-193 (IWBft* 1 German). Tho widespread uae of ineeetleidoe which give rise to phospliam^suggosted these experinente. It was stems that in concentrations of l:40,000^|peth occurred oftor 4 hoursi with l:90f000( after two eaepoeures of four hours oaeh; with 1:100,000, after seven exposures of 4 hours each* Concentrations of 1:200,000 could be oadured for two months for four hours daily* Os animal which hod been exposed to such a concentration for five days died when the ooneeatration was increased to 1:70,000 et the end of tho first four hours* Previous exposure had diminished the reelstones* 781 T.B.T. (Trinitrotoluene). Xnd. Date Sheet Mb* n-f>vr>l SB* latlonsl Safety Council. Bet* Safety Hews. 4^. 38. 40 (September, 1941). Poieonlng from TBT may taka place in three ways: through respiration, by inges tion, or by absorption through the skin* In addition to the systems effects, dermatitis, through oontaat with the akin, can also ooeur* Precautions for.pre vention era outlined* Digest of Industrial 3rglaaa - 21* 782 Iffcta of TaHowPhoachoru* Arsenic Trlaxlda on Prowins Bqm Teeth. C.O. Adme and B.O. Sarnat.Arch. Path,. 30. 1192*1202 11940). TM A generalized todc effect of both substances wee observed ae manifested by a reduction la the rate of weight galaed aad boaa growth, follow phoaphorua pro* duced a bead of lacreaeed density, the foxnatloa of which waa attributed to a dlalalahed resogtioa of cartilage aatrlz aad bone. A disturbed calcification of the deatla occurred la aalaals receinag^he yellow phoaphorua aad arsealc trl- ozlde. These studies are of thaorotiogfi&atorest la rereallag the effects of yellow phoaphorua aad araeale trio$Lo%wo types of calcified aatrlz. TBS alueN4f^Tit^n U"nzonS^ctora. 0. Llbowltalqr aad S. Seyfried. Vi tlin. Wa^^dhr.,' nVTOoxman). The authc ears ozposed to benzene aad Its they often flndN "of avl teniaesis C. This la parti la the aoatha is a vitamin C deflcleaoy la the f higher concentration to dosed windows (Bovnaber to Biapel-Lede eoageetlon .6.391 positive with the hfcd&st :eatages la tho winter. is with positive e tests were five caaoMS!^cl4 la four d showed "exceptional- ly Iqqleueocyte coual th case a federate leueopeala aad of high degree, ____oevltaaie add aad 19 bn- earns negative to the C nay be used as a prophylaetli la ezposuree to lasts for Protaction Aeal"t' 116. 2639 (June 7. 1941). ~ The activated charcoal. "to a large degree^* Although hec It night be betta^tsajaivo workers was Units for foi^^/lajji/de havo not been suggested. Quarles aad Minor Botes. 7.AJI.A. ers will absorb fonaldehyde ns of foxaaldebyde are rare, arryBair or oxygon oasts. Tha toxic 20 p.p.n has been What is Are say the new role of eeployee health in lad health hazards arising la this perldd of 8WIgnes?aoy production? What*s new la the etudy of eltmlaua powder? What core the latest legal treads? What lgt the andlt of slek absenteeine showing? for the aaewar to theee ead eeoroe of other pertlaoat qi la tho fidd of aaployeo health, plea to attend the foundation's -- Bov. 12-13. Air smniina 734 Arsenic end goitre 770 therapy 772 triojAde 7B2 Asbestos: (September, 1941) Fluorine determination 733 Gases. exnloelon 731 Respirators approTed 72 S for fomaldehyde 784 Rubber industry 733 glass workers 722. 736* 7S4 749 bmar sill 723 Electrio "gi" pectoris 743 BmloalTaa. nlllteyy polaonlnc 747 glass blowers 799 ayopia 799 protection 799 Phosphorus 782 Pressure, excessive 736-797 SSE22 dust survey 715-716 lastruMats 731 Weils* disease 710-749 alalature 709 ayeosls fuagoldes 727