Document LoaLR9bqo5NrrpL9G6Z4oe2Yd

0 ?or In^crroa: len to Members of k ?. 1 * al Advisory C omit tee Nc* For Fuelicaticr EXHIBIT API-52 44 * INDUSTRIAL WORE CLOTHES : THE IF PROVISIOK AHD LAUKTERIHG * t * By ROT S. BOHSIB, M.A.; S.M. * * Industrial Eygienlrt, Standard Cil Co. (N. J,) * ** t4*<#444*#*444**444****44** ' v JAHUAHT 28th, 1948 MEDICAL DEPARTMENT STAKDARD OIL OOMPANT (H.J-'l 30 Rockefeller Pxata Hew York 20, H. T. I O n^t Cert tto* b6i. 4i* Ptrele it inf ' *; '*i r ":"?.** V'^>*;-' (Tor Information tottexberlQf a'.PH. Medical Advisory Ccaaftee - Wot for Pufrlloartlc UTOUSTBIAl WQRZ CLOTHSS ff`5E3 FBCFISIOK Ah'D LAUBDERIBG jgv ' By F.CT S BC3SI3, M.A. ; E.M, Industrial Hygienist, Standard Oil Co, (H.J.) Mcderr. petroleum bechnoicgy and the production cf synthetic hydrocarbon mate! have introducad a number of cexpounds and proceaeep which nay adversely affect the health of workers unires certain precautionary measures are practiced. Among these precautionary measures /hich are receiving ever-increasing consideration, at the time. Is the issuance of inlustrial work clothing to eoployees and the inatallatiao plant laundry facilities to insure that such clothing io properly, cleaned end oaisl Appropriate work clothes, properly fitted and maintained, play a prominent part, in an industrial worker's health and efficiency. This la especially true when persons are working T.rith more or less toxic or carcinogenic materials or where cleanliness it;'!, a factor in the maintenance of product quality. Consequently, many of the more prp~< gresslve industrial organizations, such ae B.I. duPont de Nemours It' Company, the 'f Cyanamid Company and the Borden Company, have for years supplied their employees vlt^ work clothing and have instituted a laundry service. * `V . ... ,* _ Mere than twenty years' experience has definitely shown that this prectloe' /substantial dividends, both financial as vpll as improved public sad employee At the same time, there hae been very little difficulty or resentment resulting.,, the provision of work clothes and their laundering an the part of enyldyeee. in sot receiving this service nor from local outside laundries and merchants. In order to obtain definite data as to the practical aspects of providing wort, clothing and the operating of plant laundriea, visits have been made 'to Ihe Cheabfj 'Works of the duPont Company at Deep Water, lev Jersey; American Cyanamid'Company, Calco Chemicals Division's plant at Bound Brook, Bev Jersey; and Borden1 fai*^ Division laundry at East Hew York, Kew York. The information obtained during ~ .visits ia herewith briefly auamarlrad: ... . ' * ' ~^ ISSUANCE a Y. L* P US T B I A L' W 0 B.X Cl Q V | f3 *- ;* Work clothes are usually issued upon requisition from the employee's forammS^ supervisor at a store-room at -one end of the Xmployee ^Servics Building (Va^h and' Rooms) or adjacent thereto* ...There appears to be no uniform practice as to the " clothing suppllad wtCLel^ ^vloualy la determined by the nature of the/rnaxf*e wdj garments make ^^tibfe|ftg)4pr bulk of the clothing, with the exception of men working with acifl|^2frnev given wool shirts. . . . In order usually kept, of the American keeping records Of clothes Issued, a 3" x 3" card -tV. le of such a card Is this dee used at the Bound Broofr Company: .. . ' ^ tt v t - ..--*v' . - >`*.r ' '* > iiKki !>?#. ~ >*ris o Uj.CC: (2) TZTr? J.xpicj:'^1 m Locker Mo. To ?aymseter rh<*ST Waist Lg Back . i- ucaper a- Lnreralxs Che-st Waist leg Back Underwear Shirt Its is a urawere *-r, .......... ' ' _______________ ____________;________Eaplgygf----------- Chambers Work: Upon cap-cyment all operator and maintenance men are given twk- pairs of trousers, tvo shirtz , tvo Buits of long underwear, two-large towelt [ a cake of soap and a pair of vc-cdec-soled sandals. These sandals are warn vl to, from ftTin taking shower baths. They are obtained from tbs Beeee Wooden ^ Company, Cciuchvs, Kebraska r.:cri :oet about fifty centah a pair. fjpen requielt nie foreman, m employe* receives two rsv towels every six weeks and a .new cal every -vc %-olrs. The firs'' ijoue of clothing is free after which, employee is with two new xa/cues a year a* half price, upon requisition frem/the foreman,: Ali J clothing f-ontarinatod or iraa^jod to such an extent that it suet be discarded;la'' rep.aced nt Conpany expenseClothing supplied to:employees must "be'returned whin are terminat-ed. - ..**'' *f *y ry. ' ': * - * ' -'**/** Bound Brook Plant: Originally all production men were given cover-alls, uhde; soap and covers but recently the Onion has insisted that this service be extended' maintenance men. Three sets of clothes are furnished a year. A set inoludea tw^ ^. of drawers \ winter or summer weight ),Wo stilts af long-sleeved uxwier-ahlrts ^vlxxte] or summer weight), two suits of cover-alls os* ivo-dmgaress and two' jackets.'' this clothing had to be paid for over three pay-days, but It is now free. The cA*aI^-yt0 are "heavy duty" 22 inches by St* inches in alee'. The underwear Is Utica Hrittlbg Company, flexible rib'; stasa shrunk.' The cover-all are "Araj Surplus" or'*fisdalQlx*v2 Overalls from Patoreon, lev Jersey. All clothing Is .stencilled vith the e^plbgree^ttV `'heck number irf3Mfc?Eercules Indelible**Ink, obtained. froa'H. Kbhneiasn Mr Company, __ 63-91 Park P^jMRHpPl'ork, M.T. at $4.90 per quart. This Ink Is especially effoet$vqk ae it will w^^^^fithumerous washings. ".' - - ^ . X*- - - -. '-/ ' * . *" . -,vv. ------ - " "ife. * ^ r.'-U' V4: " Berdan ___^ thiiforciB^uHiCGalli, 'coats,^pants, aprons; caps an3 tow^lk arS;_ furnished f.ee MKIsil plant men 'Production Workers), platform non, foremen, whole- **' sale drivers and laboratory technicians*. Towels and smocks *are supplied to office-^ employee ati +c bbh in the Printing Shop. ` Utti^orme and towels-are changed*dally*^;;: lAyMpEBIBG_ p.il RA T I 0 I J *. . > ./ f? Plant Laundries are usually located where the utilities'(water! stammi gia and*- electricity * are readily accessible for example, In one corner of tte B^loyee**' Service Building (wash end locker rooms) such as at tbh Bound Brock Plant of the Calfifl Chemicals Division of the American Cyanamld Ccoqpany Qr a uspwriiti '|^.V .the 30 ft. x 60 ft. corrugated iron building at tlm Chambers Vovka of the duPont 1 - ' Conqjany. Borden laundry for the Metropolitan Area 'it a ?art of tfal.Atlantic*^ Avenue Pasteurising Plant. ' - .. ' .*- ' - A J V, .* t3) r;ui?HSBT - The necessary la-.zzidry equipment depends upon the type and quantity cf verk ciotoaito he processed, Most cotton and vcolen work.clothes with the exoeptj of vtito unifmhm, ere simply vostod cod dried nd cot ironed. The necessary eqi is listed Ch.'t'tbere Ilijirhm: One *2" x 72" Troy Premier Washer (2 sections) manufactured ljy the American Laundry Machinery Company, Capacity 300 lbs, dry clothes. Deed f overalls, coveralls, Jackets, etc. One 36" x 5*" Washer (2 sectlonej manufactured^, by the Trey Manufacturing Company. Capacity 200 lbs. dry clothes and used for towels and socks. One *0" x 26" Mercury Extractor, manufactured by tbs Troy Manufacturing Cc and has a capacity of 225 vst clothes. One 26" x 10M Extractor manufactured by the.. American Laundry Company and has a capacity of 75 lbs. of underwear per hour. Tbi centrifugal extractors remove approximately 50 percent of the water during the 15 minutes operating time. Both extractors, are equipped with safety devices Which prei cover8 from being opened when machine" s are in operation. * # 'S One 40" x 64" Dryer and two 36" x 90" Dryers manufactured by the American Lai Machinery Company. The two dryere ueefarced steam-heated air and each dxdea 225; pounds of vet clothes per hour at a ^temperature of IQgPt. Wool Clothes are hangers and dried slowly overnight In a steam-heated {3 radiators) plant room at a temperature of about 130T. This room can handle about 206 pounds clothes per day. ' - ' 1 . ' -* ` . 1 ` ' : ' ,- y * ' * -,t " "- Bound Brook' Plant:' One 42" x 64" Jtorwood Washer and two 42" x'5^-" Boniobd Washers manufactured by the American laundry Machinery Company. One yo* and anil Botrux Extractors manufactured by the American laundry Machinery Company. - Twelde Zone-Air Dryers manufactured by the Amsrican' Laundry Machinery Company, ^fcie^ also has an overhead monorail system for transporting laundry from the washers to* extractors and then to the dryers,. ' .' ^ . * ''*'*?! . .. . * - - . ; . (. \ . . .'.-jc Borden Company: Four Stainless Steel Smith Drum Washers made'by'tbs 4aScd< Laundry Machinery Company^ Three,Extractors made by the American LaundryMsch Ccsqpany. One More lone Dijesv-Ali df'thie equlpmezit. has been In' service about . . - *' : ; , ' Modern EcpiipmegtTjP^idei^leinro^resahasBeeniB during design of laundry machinery Tor high production sterile-clean washing wltV*bmttt; possible of^'t* Is- puah-feuttem controlled. r Here `are exaaples of Company, C :at,Mov being manufactured hy thf>American Lfiaadry- . _ *.%iV v ' .* a--^ ^ fABIIh" isiloed4 vMchsTiloally In less than i.mlxnrt^V:;' ld mhottdst poealb^eHtme."^ Self contained -- reqii&Sif? ffeiipaan^ orh^iamanimry* unit fear operation/ gtfrsjnllni^.,SSM ------ --- ..--. bEhdngvparta nclooedfor. safety.- Full-skirted. front ` ends gutter-splash end seapj flhoxw* Proved design" eaves ` supplies'- T*ir steam and water* Built to do the 46b better, faster, at leee colt$y * Dees AC 220 volts/ 6d cycle, .3 phase electric power. Price* f.e.t. 6la6iahml:S? 42" x 54" with A BP motet', Capacity 225 BmV &rj clotheh/ 42" x 04" with 7 SP motor, 'Capacity 350 lb.- ^ cla*ls/^ ~ 'CASCADE AUTOMATIC COVTBOL^ is (Iflilgisd for me 10. h companion any American Cascade Washer, to'automatically perform all, speratloais^~ the best predetermined washing formula. Tt* > operations. Pries f. o.b. Cincinnati 'for P)aZl jLutapmtld, for Seeal -Autcmatlc Coctroi, 1960.00. f r V.V\-V* 9itS - s' V . ' t w 1 a* , MSRf. n k) 9 zirucicy hzrs mors rapx 1,;- . ^ -.hinatlng 3. J SCI -v .e-cnsrs until it it : f Mushing deptrrr u\: z?.* r. v! rilly Uh-ed, v i h .. .M.:7: i :: : .-nrv: surplus vaior from washed laundry ?. .77 mcreuaca production nnd cute labor costs by -jLi-lins of vrcrx from time It i unloaded from the pc-aitr'J tcc.idnlcally at the damp assembly or various Price i.c 'c Cincinnati* for the 50" size, the- most capacity of Z-0 ibB. is $f<360-00. 'iwot-AlP EKIiJfG TUMBLES'5 incorporates an entirely nev principle of tumbler . engineering which enables It to dry all c las a if 1cat ions of laundry work ' rapid--y at ertrercly low cost due to concentration of heated air in ' ccne'' where verb is noct thoroughly opened up for greatest exposure to : the crying air. This results in lower ateaa and power costs and sweeter smelling work -- bccavjje greater effectiveness of the high-velocity, .. heated air mnkee drying lees dependent an heat, Work is dried more .. naturally, as *hen uuiig in a 3trcng, warm breeze. Price of the 36" x 30" v ZCrffi-AIP. DKTE5C nSSIilt complete is $7^5 f.o.b. Cincinnati, Ohio. 17 UHr?T rE?.SCKMEI - The barbers Works Laundry staff has a 'foreman and seven ' men cn the h:C0 A.M. tc i*.U) ? M ehift and one on the 4:Q0 P.K. to 12:00 Midnight The wore rat? ax present ie 37 per hour plus a $3-00 per day bonus. The Ivound crock Plait Laundry has a staff of a foreman and eleven men: on day shift, oix men cn afternoon shift and two men on the midnight shift. ..H. women working one shift of elfht Lcuro maxing necessary garment repairs. All at the hiring rate of $1,035 pr hour for 30 days; $1,065 per hour for "the usxt 60 days, after which the washers 'and countermen get $1.10 per hour. - The Bcrden Company's laundry has a foreman at $71.00 per week, five women at $Ut.0Q per week, one seamstress it $16.C-0 per week, a driver at $61.00 per. week who collects : and delivers the laundry from the various branches and stations. There appears to be very little labor turnover among the plant laundry workers!r f The average service at tie Borden Laundry is 15 years, 0 years at the Chambers Works '^ ' Laundry and 5 years at the Bound Brook Plant Laundry. . . - ' ~" " AM0L7C OF LAUHDHT FBOCggSP) - The Chambers Works Laundry does from 750 to 050 bundle.-; (pants, shirts, undaiysar, socks, towels, coveralls and Jumpers) per day. >. This is approximately 4,000 .pieces or about two tons dry weight. ' "z'- Of Plant Laundry on an average does about 3600 coveralls, 7200 suite of underwear towels per 24 hours. ., * 'he BorldB^^Bby is the only one of the laundries visited that finishes any * ^ ST : work, the othenFSBy do rrough dry work". On the average they finish weekly 400 " / coatB, 460 pants, 200 aprons, 12 cape, 10,000 towels, 175 unlcnalla, end 75 shirtsi In the Bough Dry class, the daily average' output is lOOO coats, 1000 peats, 00 towels and 4o unionaxis. * r. -' ' ' ' \f LAUaiirtT PRGCkblkdSS - There Is, of course, some variation in the laundry procedure- * .,** at the various laundries 7isitsd, however, the procedure at the Chasfcers Works Laundry,1! ? which is outlined below, is xepical: ' - v,i `V 1 .v b :rr.'Sr.E- .undry bags, ajuroxiaately 2-3 oundies, are received daii- ir:a "he waricva -rarjr}'; 'o^tp r^rsi: tru: Zach bundle la tied and t.in-t.^srd, showing era1 c chfc* number, rurae end chan -house. The bags are operri &r.d bundles placed cl -;c:.*ti2g -able. One man removes tag and pasaea tUL J : re another verier vbc outers name and number on a laundry check sheet. Firdr znr. ~r.en caj.l= out pie;. 93 by name (pants, ahlrt. sccka, etc.), which second - miTi enters cn check list. A numbered identification safety pin (10 to a eet obtained fren B. ^omstaiun h, Company, Ceaden, Hew Jersey), ia pinned to each _. piece of clothing. Clothes tire separated in laundry baskets as to woolene, towels^ underwear, and sock3; parity , shirts, etc. The clothes are then washed as follows: A, Clothes (not from dye operations: . Opera tion Rinse Wash Sale. of 1 j^O in Washer t 75 -c Suds Rinse Rinse Rinse Rinse - 36 76 76 76 78 Ingredient IJeod War or Perlixe Simplex Simplex Water Water Water Water Amt. per Temp. IOC# Dry . of Clothes Water --- lOO^F. -220^F. 8 oz. , ---- 16 oz. 16 oz. lbOF. i6or, . -- 170^. * -- ikor. .-- Cold --. Cold Running *Time 5 Min. - ------ _ 10 Min. . 10 Min. . . - 5^ 5 >uL ' ' 5 m3J ' * * 5 |S -.V B., Clothee from Dye Operations are washed as above with the exception that 12 its. of Perlite >; alkali)' la used instead of 8 oze., and 2k oza. of Simplex instead of lo oze. . ' '>4 C. Greasy and Paint Stained Clothing: . Ingredients Used (Perlite (Rantroil , IMsrcoloid .Simplex . Water Water Water Water' Amt. per 10(# D*7 Clothes .16 oz. , 1 Pt. Mo or. 32 or. Temp, of KgO 180F. 170T. i6or. 100<*. ioo^i. Cold Running-' Time 10 Mill, 10 Min. 5 Min . 5 Min. 5 Mini 5 Min. Wool nothin^ (Hot from Dye Operations) are washed In 7 gallons of water-at Jtj 100F. with one pint of Pupancl LS Paste per 100 lbs. of dry clothes for 10minutes and given two rinses with 70 gallons-of water at 100F. for 5minutes each. - .< v * ' E. Wool citythinp from Dye Areas is given same treatment as shore except, for an. extra wash. Laundry bags are washed daily with wool clothing. * ^ (The compounds: Perlite, Sisplex, Pentroil and MsrcOlold used in the washing operations are products from H. gohnstamm >' ik Co., Hew York and Chicago. DuPonol LS Paste is a DuPont 'product.) . 'r ' .* . * * * : " -y _ ' * -r t' "ei3ts.ii: Tr^E.-.opr:'' After clothes have been washed and vru-J, aro left r.i r '.extractor; where approximately 4-0 gallons of r.r- -?tardent CK ah ^trcni'-n in-/er.-vtc vu oduct made by the DuPont Company^ sci-ticn '1.1 Sp. gr : is r.iloL. .Tlo-.if 3 are seated in this solution for two minutes, wrunc tid dried. The 3-.ljtica is .*eccv*r*d, brought up to the original strength and ` reterl All pieces i ' flaae-CT-e'/.ed clothing are oteaped (3 diagonal bars) with water felude ye 11 ov iye '"lithcscl" F 7e_lcw 3 G paate, a dye starch mixture aside by dancers Wirxs Du- ;nt Icipary Technical Laboratory and applied by a rubber ste^)i before they are returned to the areae. This gives area supervision a check an men who ere required to wear 3uch clothing. Sorting *-nd BunfiUp^: After clothes have been dried they are sorted an numbered, hooks cn moveable racks. The racks are then rolled tc outgoing "bundling" table where* each man's clothes is checked with original "check list", then bundled. Bundles are J* packed In the Change House Laundry Bags (which have been laundered). After tying up and tin-tagging a carbon copy of the "check list" is placed in each bag which is of value to the change house attendants In Handi ing distribution of clothing. r? ` -y f- Sharp articles, such as razor biedes, left in pockets of dirty clothes presents a serious hazard. Care must be exercised in handling laundry pins. Clothing con- - laminated with toxic materials such as Betenaphthylaarine, Benzol, etc., are given - special ireatrsnt at the Laboratory before being sent to the Laundry. They aae . kept separate and handled with rubber gloves. f :1 Bound Irock Plant Laundry Procedure: The washing operation at the Bound Brook'. Laundry is very similar to that outlined above except that all coveralls are give$* a 1C to 15 minute soak m cm agitated solution of k pounds of Soda Ash in 80 gallons of water at 1=0?., rinsed, then washed for 20 minutes in 9 ozs. 92$ Amours Soap Powder in 6c gallons of water at 250F. in a Norwood Cascade Washer, rinsed, placed in a centrifugal extractor for 20 minutee and dried 20 to 30 minutes in a Zone - Air. > drier. v, The foil tving formula has been recommended for laundering work clothing soiled with grease and grime: MUae a mixture consisting of 2 parts by weight of Sodium Hetaailicate ' to 1 of soap, or k parts of Sodium Met as illcate to 3 of soap, and add sufficient to the wheel to give desired amount of suds. For flat work and some colored goods, 3 parts by weight of soap axxi 2 parts of Sodium Metasilicmte, ' * USEFUL JPI dABWItfra - The Chambers Works of the duPont Company report that coveraijj^KFiaidervear on tbe average withstands 15 to 20~vashlngs before they must be repl^PKi, Ibis is probably duo to tbe type of compounds, encountered rather'" than to the lamaring operations. The Bound Brook Plant of tbe Calco Chemicals Division has bound that the life of their cover-alls is 150 washings; and their underwear, about 200 washings. Total Cost Of Laundering Work Clothes - According to Mr. A. C. Pease, General Superintendent of the Bound Brook Plant Laundry tbs total cost (including labor, material, rnx, light, steam, water, interest and amortization) of laundering work clothes is $3.03o per pound of dry clothes. The cost of labor eTM* tsriela alone is cnly $0.Cl6 per pound of dry clothes. Tbs best price that could be obtained frai outside local laundry vas $0.08 per pound dry clothes. / , Mr. V. H. Kite, Foreman of the Chasbers Works Laundry reports that the total ,J\ cost, including all direct and indirect chargee was about $0/03 per pound of dry * clothes ' We were unable to eocure the cost rcr pound of vorfc clothes laundered at the Seat !.:cv Yorl: "nunYry or* Borneo's rare Products, however, here are the prices charged u gains' thj v-.ri.ous departasete taking vori done. e v w s is p s s vj>vji vJ d j O i ROUGH D. vr WORE r Coats.................... . ..., $0.05 Pacts........... . . ...... 0. 05 Towels .................. ............ 0.015 Rags ........................ .. .... 0.015 Union-Alls........... .......... 0.10 Machine Covers ............. 0.395 Dish Cloths .......... 0.015 Pulver Bags .................. 0.10 riHISHED WORK Coats ... - ......... Pants ^. Driven ' Shirts Overalls .............. Tcvels ;................ Burses1 Uniforms Doctors' Coats . Un:.cn-Alls 0. 2 I* 9 L_ P J 9 J1 * cl2 points visited there vas general agreease that it vas 'good hue inc.i*s" to provide w~rk clothes and unci'-rvzsr to employee on Jobs vhich Involved ezyosure to tori'- and Irritant raterlals or particular dirty Jobe involving oil, gvouo: grim? ml eoot. It vas aleo generally agreed that a plant Sundry properly e-uipj^ed. and operated vb p. t. -0?it able investment which insure! tnat work r-c^r.er would be properly laundried -rd nairreuinsd. Re- pi d ROY S. 50:'- M 4 : E u Industri 5.. gloi-i1" Stand iri CL- Corproy 1 Y