Document LoEQ1XM7EpDo1bwkqZkDkxgOw
FILE NAME: Owens Illinois (OWILL) DATE: 1937 Feb 17 DOC#: OWILL005 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Letter to Scott, Macleish & Falk from OWILL
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Dear llr. P rie e i .
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U r. S elkaan has d iscu ssed w ith no your la* auiry re la tiv e t s t h c possible d eleterious o ffsets of handling (la s s w ool, p a rtic u la rly w ith respect to possible d c ra a titis resu ltin g therefrea*
Za o n ly two o r th r e e s c o r e ia s ta a e e s have we hoard of aay i l l o ffo o ts r e s a ltin ; fro a the handling
of g lass w ool. Tory ooeaoioaally aa in d iv id u al fiado th a t h is s b ia bo cones s lig h tly i r r i t a t e d , ju s t as soao in d iv id u al* fin d th e ir skias s o n s itire to various dyes ooaaoaly used ia the a sa u fa e ta re o f clo th in g and cost-one Jew elry*
Tie , have aede e o a s id o ra b lo i n v e s t i g a t i o n l a
e o a a e etle a w ith our em ployees, and have been advised th a t la th o se ra re ia s ta a e e s where i r r i t a t i o n i s . produced, i t i s re lie v e d by an ap p licatio n - of soap sad w ater*
Seoause of th e re o e a t s il i c o s i s e p id caie ve a a tio lp a te d th a t w ild sta te n e a to s ig h t be sade r e la tiv e
to p o s sib le damage r e s u ltia g from th e ia h a la tlo a or in g e stio n e f f i a t p a rtic le s of g la ss w ool. Accordingly ve had e x p e ria e a ts coaductod under the auspices e f
Or. Leroy II. G ardser o f Seraaao L ab o rato ries, Saraaas Labe, hew York, aad P ro fe sso r P h illip Z. D rinker of th e S a rv a rd S chool o f P u b lic H ealth* Our own o p in io n th a t th e p ro d u ct was h a rs le s s i s borne out ia the r e p o r ts e f th e s e two e x p e r ia e a ts , c o p ie s e f which are
enslosed for your ia fo ra a tio a.
ti.o .n
Ow en s-Illinois Glass Cotjpaxy
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F ro a t i a e to t i a o we h are re c e iv e d re q u e a ta For tho o a e lo s a d r e p o r t a f r o a a a lo s a e a , b a t Koto d eelinod to p u b liah tho ro p o rta aa aueh, beeauae of tho p o a s ib ility of th o ir boiag d is to rte d or aiau aed . ~e have, however, trio d to paaa along tho e a a o a tia l ia f e r a a tlo a eo atalaod th e re in , aa evidenced by a cony o f our l o t t o r to U r. Johnson o f TJ. S . Gypsum Co. of February 12, which ia oaeloaod h erew ith.
Za aono fow oaaoa i t p ro b a b ly w i l l bo aoo o aaary to show tho o u ato ao r th o re p o rt i t a o l f . Such oaaoa, how ever, a re b o ia g r e f e r r e d to Toledo aad ire haadlo th en d ir e c tly w ith tho o u ato ao r.
vTo t r u s t t h a t th o fo re g o in g i a f o r a a t i o n w i l l bo of a a a ista a o o to you.
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CLASS C0UPA3T
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February 12, 1937,
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Separai groupa of exporiaenta vare undertakon to datana ina v h a t, i r any, uatovard phyalologloal effoot g laaa v o o l s lg h t bar when l t ooaaa la eontaot v ith th hu&aa body, The reaao n ln g behiad tb la v o rk , vhloh d lo ta ta d th bolo* f e x p o ria e n ta , vaa b r l e f l y aa fo lla v a i
Zt vaa aaausad th a t glaaa veel slg h t aatar tba body by tb rea ro u te a , by la b a la tlo n , by avalloving, aad by p a a a tra tlo a of tba akla
Zf glaaa vool duat la breathed, aaausiag tba p a rtio la t ara o s a li aaoagb to o s ta r tba o s a li a lr apaooa o f tba lunga, aaavora to tbaaa queetioaa vara aoogbti V ili labalad glaaa vool duat oauae a raao tio a la tba luag tlaaua a ls ila r to tb a t produoed by a l l l o a duat l a a illo o s la t B ill tba raao tio a ba a t a l l h a rsfu lt Zf set vhat v i l i baoosa of tba glaaa vool duatt
Zf glaaa vool flb a ra ara avallovad - v i l i tbay produoa aay aarioua or peraanet in ju ry to tba dlgeatlvo traotT
Zf glaaa vool flb ara paaotrata tba akla v i l i tba glaaa aot aa a tla a u a poiaoat That v i l i baoosa of p a rtio la a of glaaa vool tb a t sig h t ba la jo e te d la tba aklaf
Or Leroy 0 Gardner of Saraaaa Laboratory Saranno Lake, Sav York, uadarteek too groupa o f a a ls a l exporiaenta, aad Mr. P h ilip O rinker of tba S arrard Sobool of Publio B ealth, to g atb ar v l t b Or. A lbert 0 S itu a , uadartook a th ird group of e xperisoata.
A alsal Inlootloa Ixoorisenta
Za d a ta rs la la g vhather labalad glaaa vool duat vould a o t l a aay way oomparabla to frao a lllo a duat, l t la ooooatlal th a t tho uxpoauro bo proloagod ovor a porlo! of saay yoara l a ordor to abov up ohroalo o ffo o ta . Io group of vorksoa l a th la oouatry bava uaod glaaa vool loag oaough to ahov p o altlv o ly vhotbor or a o t ohroalo in ju ry to tho luaga s ig h t ro o u lt, Xray aad o lla lo a l oxaalaatloaa oa our vorksoa v ith tho loagoat perioda of aorrloo, bovovor, rovoalod ao uaboaltby luag aonditioa a t a l l , fho offoota of iubalod duat oaa bo aoooloratpd la tho oaao of a a ls a l experiae&te, aad i t vaa fo r t h i 'a roaaoa - to ebook our lnoenelualve 2ray finding - th at Or* Gardner'a help vaa a o lin lte d .
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Animal experim ents to determine th# e ffe e t of in h a le d duot oaa bo porforaod la two way F ir s t, tho anim als o u b t plaood la dust*ladea atmospheres aad made to breath dusty a ir for loae poriods of tim s, Seooni, th# d u st l a q u e stio n oaa b# in je c te d ia to tb s anim als' bodl#s, aad I t is generally r#oogaisad th a t th# typ# of laflammatlea or r#aotioa th a t resu lts iadloat#s to a tra in e d p ath o lo g ist whether th# harmful o ffse ts ar# at a l l ooaparabl# to those produood by froo s ilic a dust Booaus# tho "du stin g " a#thod roquiros two or more years to got r e s u lts , tho in je c tio n or soooad typo of oxperiasat was solootod
A aiaals wore in jected w ith glass- wool dust both ?p la in " end " o ile d " . (911 is applied to some ooaaerolal grades of g lass wool to roduoo fra o ta rin g of the fib e rs aad to p re re a t dust being gluon o ff during hsadliag) Animals were examined a t laterw ale of stT o ral days or weeks fo r a t o t a l p erio d of S85 days
Or. Oardaer s ta te s t
"Experience ia th is laboratory aad else where has shown t h a t th o se methods are adoquato to demonstrate tho eapaelty of a mineral dust to produce fib ro s is In je c tio n of ewer 20 d ifferen t types of dust has indicated th a t ` i f no re a c tio n occurs ia ergsns other titan the luags none w ill ooonr in the resp irato ry t r a c t , and th a t eo n rersely , d u sts lik e s ilic a and asbestos th a t are known to produce fib ro sis of the lungs, also cause fib ro sis in ether tis s u e s when in je c te d i a s u f f ic ie n t q u an tities "
S r. Gardner summarises th is s e rie s of experiments as follows
"K elth er p la in ner o ile d g la s s wools haws caused fib ro s is o r any chronic progrossire reactio n by in je c tio n , and therefore# i t is a reasonable assumption th a t th e ir inhalation would likew ise f a l l to produce such e ffe c ts ,"
SittG tto u o
Bating Olaa* Gool
A o o a ald arab l* aunber o f ra fa ra a o a a e x i s t 1b th* l i t e r a t u r e to oaae* whore oireu* p erfo rn ara and la d lrld u a l* w ith u lte r io r a c tiv e * , hara a ith a r aatan cla ar oauaad othara to aat it* U sually in thaaa p*porta tha glaaa waa i s th a ahapa o f chunk* or piaaaa la rg e enough ta aae w ith th a aakad ay*. Xa ao ia a ta a a a t h a t ha* aaaa t a our a t t a a t l e a d id th a r a p e r ta ahow t h a t any a a rie u a in ju ry waa doaa ta th * in d iv id u a l by th* glaaa
Thar* raaalaad th* p o s s ib ility , however, th a t league o at iauad awallowing of s n a il aaouats of a s tra a a ly fla * p a rtia l* * of glaaa n ig h t produaa aoaa ohroaio danaga to th* body Or. Oardaar th a ra fo ra uadartook th * aaaoad a a rla a o f azp a rlsa ata ia which fa a tia g guinea piga war* in je c te d w ith fin e ly grouad glaaa wool by atenaah tub* lion* ahowad any i l l a f f a a ta even a f t e r th* la ja a tlo a a war* repeated
Guinea piga war* than fad glaaa waal duet adzed w ith a p o rtlaa af graia before they received th e ir earning ra tic a a * A fter the** acala ware ad n ialatarad d a lly fa r p e rio d * v ary in g up to a t o t a l a f l i t day* c s a a ia a tlo n " fa ile d to d laalaaa evidence of th* glaaa fragaanta or any in ju ry in f lic te d by then*
Or G ardner conclude*!
"One nay th e re fo re aenelnde t h a t th * ln g e a tie n e f aa nuah a* I I graaa e f fin e ly pewderad glaaa weal a d n in ia te re d in divided do ace w i l l n o t eauaa in ju r y i n 4 months* tine In th* abaeaee ef any reactio n a t a ll i t would h ard ly coon e a a e a tia l t e eon tin u * th a ia v e a tlg a tle a fu rth e r"
l i e aan alad in g a ta ta n a n t w* th in k ia a z tra n e ly p e rtin e n t I t ia aa fellow * t
"T reating.thea*
glaaa wool X an
ary t r u l y y o u r* ,
Leroy G, G ardner, U.O. G iraotor"
GP003 012
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S o lu b ility o f G l u t Wool
Ho in fo rm a tio n wot found vhioh gave the s o lu b ility o f g la ss i s body flu id s* A kaovledge o f hov solu b ls g lass i s l a body f lu id s v a s f e l t to bo o s s o a tla l i s anaverlag tho question "TThat becomes of g la s s a f t e r i t o s ts r s tho body?"
Dr* T itu s th e r e f o r e , uador tho d ire c tio n o f Hr. D rinker, ran chemical experim ents oa s o lu b ility of glass v o o l l a blood s o r t . By tho saao not hod ho also obtaiaod tho s o l u b i l i t y o f q u a rts (fro o s l l l e a ) l a blood serum Coaparod to quarts g lass vas fouad to bo extremely solublo* As a a a t t o r o f fa s t tho blood sorua had a e o r ta la r o s id u a l `s l l l e a ooato at and or* T itu s vas uaablo to a so o rta la vhother any of tho quarts voat lato so lu tio a during a tvo-aeatha period*
In the ease of g lass vool (saso typos used by Or* Gardner) hovo-rer tho q u a rts o o ato at o f tho sorua lnoroasod aoro than flf to o a fold during tho saao porlod
Conclusions
R eferring to tho o rig in a l questions vo believe t h a t Dr* Gardner shoved t h a t g la s s vool dust i f breathed v i l l produoo no harmful o ffs e t oa tho lung tis s u e ooaparable l a any v ay t o t h a t oausod by s l l l e a dust* As a a a tto r e f fa st in viov o f Dr. G ardner's eoaeluelons vo aay assuaa th e re is no harmful o ffs e t e f aay sort
St is believed th a t glass vool dust vhioh en ters th e lu n g s v o u ld bo reaeved b y th e a o ra a l a o tio n e f th e "scavenger" s e l l s of the ly a p h e tle system and in viov e f X r. D rin k e r's work t h a t th e p a rtle le o v i l l ev en tu ally pass o ff la solutioa*
The evidonee ro v ealed by a eearoh e f th e lite r a tu r e supplem ented by Dr* G a rd n er's experim ents* shove t h a t me permanent daaage is done to tho d ig estiv e tr a c t i f g lass vool i s svallovod e ith e r in single large doses or la small doses tak en rs g u la rly ever a long period ef time* while i t is lik e ly th a t largo pleees of glass vould out the d ig e stiv e tr a s t an In a l experim ents rep o rted la the lite r a tu r e shev th a t th is Injury heals oeapletely in th re e or four days and produces p r a e tio a liy no d isooafort*
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Froa Or. G ard n er's vorlc, i t l* oxidant th a t tb s ao tu al pro of going in to so lu tio n , th a t i s , tho proooss of s o lid g la ss being o a rrisd o ff by liq u id , doss n e t g iro r is s to say tissu s poison. Ib is in d io s ts s th a t g la s s in th s body v i l l bs d isso lv ed and s lia in a ts d slo v ly and oontinuously v ith o u t any In ju rio u s or poisonous o f f s e ts on tb s in d iv id u al.
Wo t r u s t t h a t t b i s in f o r n a tio n v i l l a s s i s t you in overcoming v batovor s a ls s rsslsta n o o you M y a s s t on tb is so o rs.
Tours Tory tr u ly ,
0WBHS-ILLII0X3. GLASS CCliPINT
G P C il OB21