Document Lgzp53EQ2g35BeM9YQL1KGrbb

V X V ix i chlorophH 2 - TM ! - 1 H industrial DECEMBER, 1911 H ealth H azards - SpcciJSc-c*" Hazards for phonol, chlorine and specific chlorophenols are described in Appendix E. Chlorophenols may contain a. minute quantity of impurities known as chlorinated dibenzo dioxins ("dioxins"). Special mention is"made of these substances as there has been much concern b y 'environmentalists and government officials over their potential health hazards. To date, very little is known concerning the potential toxicity of dioxins although it is known that exposure to dioxins may result i n a ;-skin condition called chloracne. Some reversible liver effects have also been reported. Thus all operators- are urged to follow good industrial hygiene practices as outlined in this manutal. Attached also are the results of the Nitro Plant mortality "study related to dioxins. (1) References: Dow Finds Support, Doubt for Dioxin ideas, Rebecca L. Rawls, Feb. \Z, 1979, C&E Hews. C1319r table b . reported occupational exposures in chlorinated phenols resultinc in human illness8 Year,Place,and chemical(s) Type of exposure and no. of cases 1936 Michigan Production Tetrachlorophenol 21 2- (2-chlorophenyl) phenol Effects on the skin Chloracne, hyperkeratosis Neurological effects Effects on the liver and serum lipids Other effects Fatigue, weight loss 1936 Mississippi, Wood treat Tet rachlorophenol ment 300-400 Chloracne,facial erythema, vsicula tion, ulcration, hyperkratosis, hyp erpIgment ation Fatigue, colored urine, urinary problems, venous thrombos is 194 9 West Virginia Tr lchlorophenol 2,4.5-T Explos ion 117 Produc tion 111 1949 Germany Trlchlorophenol Tetrachlorophenol Pentochlorophenol Product Ion, Industrial Laboratory 17 Chloracne, facial erythema, hyper pigmentation , melanosis Nervousness, Hepatomegaly, ab Fatigue, we ight irritability, normal liver loss, weakness, insomnia, function, toxic decreased 1lbidn, personality hepatitis, elevat impotence, intol change,de ed triglycerides erance to cold, pression , and cholesterol increased sus headache, ceptibility to vertigo, pain infection (es and weakness pecially respir lower extrem- atory) eties, pareais, peripheral neuro pathy, abnormal nerve biopsy (loss of myelin) Chloracne, hyperpigment ation, scarring Lower extremity Abnormal liver pain and weak funct ion, ness, pareBis cirrhosIs without atrophy, paresthesia, polyneuritis Fatigue, severe bronchitis, de creased libido, impotence, bursi tis, myocardial ^ damage References Butler, 193 Anonymous, 1936: Stinp 1940 Ashe and Suokind, 15 19*50; Sunk! 195 3; Su ok 1 1977 Bnader and Bauer, 195! 1952 Cermany TrIchlorophenol Production 31 Chloracne, hyperpigmen tation 1953 Germany Trlchlorophenol Explosion 55 Chloracne 1956 France Trichlorophenol 1966 France Tr Ichlorophenol 1956 New Jersey Tr Ichlorophenol Product Ion 17 Explosion 21 Production 29 1963 Molland Tr Ichlorophenol 2.4,5-T Explos Ion 106 Chloracne Chloracne, hyperpigmen tation, hy pertrichosis , acquired porphy ria cutanea tard Chloracne, facial erythema Lower extremity Toxic hepatitis, pain and weak- abnormal liver nesa,paresthesia, biopsy memory and con centration defi cits * sleep disturbances, hy per somnolence , abnormal psycho logical tests (apathy, dulled emot ional response) Fatigue, chronic bronchitis, per sistent blcpharoconjunct ivit is, myocardial dam age, Intolerance to alcohol" Suskind, 1 Sensory impair Toxic hepatitis ment of smell,taste hearing; tendency to orthostatic collapse, limited paresis, peripheral neuropathy, reading difficulties Fatigue, drowsiness, bronch it is, In ryngltlo, blepharo conjunctivitis , hemorrhagic pleu ritis, myocnrdinl damage, increased aueceptibility to infect ion Coldman, Peripheral neuropathy Toxic hepatitis, elevated tryglycerides and choles terol Dugois et ! 1956 ; Dugc et o1, 19f] Clinical exam ination normal No information Abnormal liver Right upper function, abnor- quadrant pain mal liver biopsies (parenchymal cell degenerat ion, fluorescence) Liver function norma 1 Fatigue Bleiberg c 1964 Vos et al, 1966 USSR fr Ichlorophenol 2,'O-T Product Ion 128 Chloracne 1968 England Trichlorophenol Explosion 79 Cloracne, faclal erythema 1965-1968 Czechoslovakia Tr IchLoroplienol Pcntach lorophenol > L 5 _t * I H * 9 1 Production 80 Chloracne, hyperpigmenta tion, hyper trichosis , scarring, ac quired porphyria cutanea tarda 1969 New Jersey Trichlorophenol ',6,5-T 2,6-D 1978 England T rtchlorophenol no longer In product Ion Product ion 73 Followup of plant studied by Dleiberg (above) Followup of 61 workers in 1968 explosion (above) 61 Chloracne in 68, hypertrichosis in 16, hyperpig mentation in 30, no overt por phyria cutanea tarda Chloracne Headache, loss of memory, somnolence, sleeplessness, increased swon tIng Fatigue, Joint pain, stomach pain TelegJna m [11kbu 1atov, 1970 Abnormal liver funct Ion Transient glyco suria, mild coMJ unctIv11 is May, 1973; Jensen and Walker, 19f Jenaen et i 1972 Lower extremity Hepatomegaly, ab- Fatigue, weight weakness and normal liver func- loss, abnormal pnin,somnolence, tion, abnormal blucooe tolerance, headache, insom- liver biopsies no evidence of nia, emotional (mild nteatoais, myocardial or and psychiatric periportal fibro- renal damage or disorders, peri- sis, fluorescence) . of increased eye pheral neuro- Elevated triglyc- inflammation or pathy (confirmed erides, phospho- respiratory in- by abnormal EMC) lipids, and fect ion cholesterol Jiraakek et 1904; Pazde Vejlupkova al, 1900; Pazde rovaVejlupkova 1901 Lower extremity Ho significant weakness, corre- abnormalities lntion between chloracne and hypomania scale on MMPI Eye irritation, mild uroporphyrinuria in one worker Poland et a 1971 (gee Blelberg et 1964) Elevated CCT, elevated tri glycerides , eleva ted urinary I)-glucaric acid May, 1982 1969 West V 1rg inla Tr ichlorophenol 2.3,5-T 226 Followup of plant studied by Ashe and Suskind (above) 1969 West VirgIn ia T r ichlorophenol 2.4,5-T ' 204 Followup of plant studied by Ashe and Suskind and Moses et al (above) Chloracne 70-residual 47-by hiatory Abnormal sensory findings in those with chloracne Chloracne in 107 Actinic Elastooia 1976 Seveso Trichlorophenol No. not given ICMESA workers follow-up five years after exploslop a Source: Moses et al, 1984 Elevated HOT in those with chlorncne Decreased 11 h 1tin, Hosen et n sexual tlysftint:t Ion lQR^ History of Cl ulcer Lower pulmonary function in exposed Binokern Suakind an Hertzberg, 1984 Elevated Aik. Phos. Elevated urinary porphyrina Chezzl et al, 1984 i 35 Table 10. Clinical Symptomology of Yusho Cases, 1969-1972.a Effects Percent Skin Acneform eruptions, distinctive hair follicles, red plaques on limbs, dark brown pigmentation of nail, skin and mucous membranes, itching, sweating of palms. Ocular manifestation Increased eye discharge, swelling of the upper eyelids, hyperemia o con junctives, transient visual disturb ance. Jaunidce No abnormalities of liver functions in the majority of cases. Numbness of the limbs, feeling of weak ness, spasm of the muscles Reduced sensory and motor nerve conduc tion velocity in few cases Hearing difficulties Headaches, vomiting, diarrhea Chronic Bronchitis Lower serum Ig A and Ig M. PCB in the sputum Irregular menstrual cycles Dark brown skin pigmentation of newborn, which gradually faded away, retarded growth and abnormal teeth number and shape. ^Source: vReggiani, 19S0 82-87X 83-88 10 32-39 9 18 17-39 40 60 28 Table 7.____ Toxic Effects of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodlbenzo-p-dioxin In Man. Effects_________________________________________ _____ _______________ DERMATOLOGICAL Chloracne Porphyria cutanea tarda Hyperpigmentation and hirsutism INTERNAL Liver damage^ Elevated serum hepatic enzyme levels Disorders of fat metabolism Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism Cardiovascular disorders Urinary tract disorders Respiratory disorders Pancreatic disorders NEUROLOGICAL Polyneuropathies (perpheral neuritis) Lower extremity weakness Sensory impairments (sight, hearing, smell, .taste) CONFIDENTIAL SUBJECT TO PROTECTIVE ORDER. PSYCHIATRIC Neurasthenic or depressive syndromes_______________ ^Source: Huff, Moore, Saracci, and Tomatis, 1980 ^Hild fibro sis, fatty changes, hemofuse in deposition and parenchymal-cell degeneration were observed In a few cases.