Document Lgwa3yrwnXEx8ORzK79GRYVpQ

INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS BULLETIN OATf curriN ViTlE " 8/22/83 Industrial Hygiene subject Asbestos 8006 0436 ~ 1 KSfONtmt PEW. BULLETIN NO. Employee Health Servioes .w, ; 4 BUPEfUEDE* .v;; < T~` DATED < Same . . J 7A8/75 "l Asbestos is a generic tern that describee a variety of naturally occurring fibrous, incombustible silicate minerals. Although tremendously valuable to industry, these minerals have been closely linked to asbestosis, a degenerative'lung-scarring disease, and to lung canoer. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), therefore,' has' regulated employee exposure to asbestos since shortly after the agency's inception. OSHA has defined asbestos, established standards for its use, and set permissible expo sure limits. The initial airborne asbestos fiber limits have been revised downward. Regulations under the OSHA asbestos standard are covered in 29 CFR 910.1001. Asbestos exposure in Ontario is regulated under the Occupational Health and Safety Act (Revised Statutes of Ontario, 1980, Chapter 321, August 1982). Exposure limits presently differ under the two regulations; however, industrial hygiene work practioes to control dust and fiber in air are the same. Six fibrous minerals, members of a family called silicates, are recognised as asbestos: chrysotile (white asbestos), actinolite, amosite (brown asbestos), anthophyllite, crocidolite (blue asbestos) and tremolite. Commercially, chrysotile is the most impor tant form of asbestos, accounting for approximately 95^ of the asbestos used in North America. Some talc contains various amounts of asbestos. :.y Asbestos has about 3000 different uses, with approximately two-thirds being used in the construction industry in building products, insulation, friction materials, and textiles. Manufactured products have included reinforced asbestos oement eheets^and pipes, ^.patching and taping compounds, floor and. oeiling tiles as veil as paints) boatings and sealants containing asbestos as reinforcing fillers, pipe linings and fillers for various liquids. Friction products include clutch facings and brake linings for automobiles and trucks, railroad cars, airplanes, and industrial machinery. A variety of other uses are known including theater curtains, fire blankets and other thermal protection, filtration materials and, until reoently, dry vail patch compounds and imitation fireplaoe ashes. Once incorporated into manufactured items, hazards resulting fraa asbestos are less probable, as long as the substanoe is not disrupted. However, the fibers are nearly indestructible, and a potential health risk arises whenever asbestos fibers are set free, resulting in airborne asbestos dust. F -D1561 o Health Hazards Asbestos exposure can cause asbestosis, cancer of the lungs and digestive tract, and mesothelioma. Asbestosis is a diffuse fibrotic lung disease caused by exposure to high concentrations of asbestos dust and fiber, usually after several years of exposure^r The onset of asbestosis appears to depend on dust and fiber ;oonoentration,. Jt^j^:^u^p*^^type of asbestos, and length of exposure. Usually,;jtbe disease beevident.20lor more years after the .first exposure to asbestos. .Onoe established, however,'.a highly disabling pneumoconiosis can progress even after exposure has ceased^'" Bronchogenio oaroinoma (lung canoer) and mesothelioma of the pleura^nd peritoneum (canoer of membranous lining of the ohest and abdominal oavit^s) jk^B/JlA^^MCiopiatsd with asbestos exposure. Excesses of canoer of the larynx, stoMoh,'oolan, and reotum have also been observed. J Some forms of asbestos appear far Imoitf hazardous7thanotbers. As with asbestosis, there oan be a long latent period, generally aore"-than-25years for mesothelioma. The mechanism of action is not currently known."' Asbestos 'is^different from most ohemioal carcinogens because it is not metabolised. * Thus even limitedexpoayras to high levels leads to continuing presenoe of inhaled asbestos particles or - over - PRODUCED BY FORD fiber* within the lung. Tbeee oan tranelocate to the abdominal cavity and to other ' tiaeue*. The prognosis Tor asbestosis and asbestos-induoed canoer is generally poor. Aisle of disease due to asbestos exposure have not been defined clearly for all occu pational groups known to have significant exposure. Firm epidemiological data are available only for heavily exposed workers employed in asbestos mining, manufacturing and Ansulation handling. However, there is evidence that the problem is more widespread than previously believed and that workers from a variety of trades and occupations, including painters, electricians, oarpenters, machinists, boiler makers, pipefitters, mechanics, welders, and others, may be at increased risk. The issue of risk of disease from asbestos exposure is further complicated, in that smokers who have had asbestos exposure clearly-have markedly increased risk of developing lung disease related to asbestos. Asbestos exposures within Ford Motor Company may occur from: . Insulated pipe covering for parts washers and cleaners, steam and hot water lines. . Insulated coverings for boilers and associated parts in powerhouses. Drying oven and furnace insulation. Asbestos blocks, bricks, sheets, and sleeves. . Clutch and brake linings for various machinery and transportation equipment (power presses, conveyor belts, hi-los, locomotives, tow tractors, trucks, automobiles). . High temperature gasket materials for manifolds, pipes. . High temperature blankets, gloves. . Asbestos-containing parting compounds, certain talcs. Filtration media. Employee Exposure Since we do not manufacture asbestos materials, exposures are primarily limited to vhoae who work with asbestos-containing products* However, these exposures are no less significant. Employee exposure oan generally oocur during material handling and maintenance of asbestos-containing friction materials. Exposure can oocur during grinding, saving, sanding, drilling, or otherwise disturbing or finishing asbestoscontaining products. Demolition, removal, and repair of asbestos coverings and coatings offer other souroes of worker exposure. Insulation removal or repair and brake and clutch servicing can be especially hazardous. ) ;/ ) Permissible Occupational Exposure Limits (PEL) -- Breathing Zone Concentrations Eight-hour time-weighted average exposure: 2 fibers longer than 5 micrometers per cubic centimeter of air (2 f/cc >5 pm). Ceiling concentration: 10 f/cc >5 pm. Ontario TWAE PEL for amosite, crocidolite, and other forms of asbestos are 0.5, 0.2, and 1.0 f/cc >5<pm, respectively. The Ontario ceiling PEL for amosite, crocidolite, and other forms are 2.5, 1.0, and 5.0 f/cc >5 pm, respectively. Methods of Compliance Engineering controls, such as isolation, enclosure, local exhaust ventilation, and dust collection are required and should be used to meet the PEL. . Complianoe with the PEL may not be achieved by sole use of respirators or shift rotation except under special conditions approved by Industrial Hygiene. . AH hand and power operated tools, which may produce or release asbestos fibers in excess of the PEL, must be provided With local exhaust ventilation. . Insofar as practicable or unless the usefulness of the product would be diminished, asbestos must be handled, mixed, applied, removed, cut, scored, or otherwise worked in a wet state. Vet methods of control are very effective in suppressing airborne asbestos fiber and dust in pipe and furnace insulation repair and demolition. ^ S006 0437 PRODUCED BY FORD Bullstin No. k -3- 6/22/6^ . Employsb who may b exposed to asbestos should b trained in safe work praotioes and informed of th provisions in the OSHA aabeatoa standard and in this bulletin. . Every employe engaged in the praying, demolition, or .removal of aabeatoacontaining material ball be provided appropriate, respiratory protection and special clothing (coverails, hood and foot coverings, and gloves). . Only approved respiratory protection, suitable for the concentration of asbestos expected, is to be provided. A respiratory protection program is mandatory for oertain operations. . Double lockers and special laundering procedures for asbestos-contaminated clothing are required. Special change rooms are required for exposures exceeding the PEL. Monitoring Initial and periodic monitoring are required. Sampling frequency shall not exceed every six months for employees whose exposure to asbestos may be foreseen to exoeed the PELs for the TVAE or ceiling concentrations. Medical Examinations Preplacement, annual, and termination-of-eioployment medical examinations are required for employees who are exposod to, or were in exoess of, 0.1 f/co seven to eight-hour time-weighted average exposure. Medical examinations should inolude as a mini mini a medioal history to elicit symptomatology of respiratory disease, chest X-ray," and pulmonary function tests. . Recordkeeping Exposure and medical records or any personal, environmental, and/or medical monitoring must be maintained for at least 20 years. Affected employees, their designated representatives, and OSHA aid NIOSH representatives, upon request, would have access to these records. Any employee found to have teen exposed to concentrations in excess of permissible exposure limits shall be notified of this in writing within five days of the finding. The employee shall also be timely notified of corrective action being taken. Signs and Labels Caution signs shall be provided and "displayed in areas where airborne asbestos conoen-^t. trations may be in excess of the PEL. Signs shall be posted at such a distance to permit an individual to take the neoessary protective measures before entering the contaminated area. Housekeeping :x Surfaoes should be kept free of accumulations of Asbestos if, with their dispersion, there would be exoessive airborne oonoentration3:rAdditionally, asbestos waste, scrap, debris, olothing, and/or other items contaminated with asbestos should be . handled, collected, and disposed in sealed labeled impermeable' bags. Asbestos- oontaiuing waste must not be incinerated or discharged into oommunity water-supplies. Speoifio information regarding waste disposal should be obtained from the Stationary Souroe Environmental Control Office (SSECO). Employee Training Employee Health Services has developed a elide and oaaaette tape presentation which, euma&rines pertinent information relative to asbestos use, handling, hazards, controls, work praotioes, monitoring of exposures. This presentation is designed to assist plants in their employee training efforts. - over - 8006 0438 PRODUCED BY FORD Bulletin Mo. 4 -4- 8/23/83 Informtion and Industrial Hygiene Services Further informtion regarding the OSHA asbestos standard my be obtained from Industrial Hygiene Services, 33-78955 Assistance can be provided regarding employee exposure monitoring and analysis, appropriate respirators, approved vacuum sweepers, engineering controls, and other elements of the OSHA asbestos exposure standard. It is recommended that materials suspected of containing asbestos be submitted to the Industrial Hygiene Laboratory for analysis prior to .any handling that could generate airborne fiber and dust. A check list to help identify products containing asbestos is available from Plant Engineering Office, Manufacturing Staff (Manufacturing Practioe Ho. 303, Deoember 1981, "Employee Exposure to Asbestos Containing Non-Production Materials"). ) mmrnt Manufacturers of washers and industrial vacuums equipped with high efficiency filters end approved for asbestos dust control include: . Ford "Rotunda" Brake Vacuum (34-0009) . Ford "Rotunda" Brake Parts Washer (65-OOI6) . "Tornado ToxVac" Breuer Electric Manufacturing Company 7401 Vest Lawrence Avenue Chicago, Illinois 60656 (312) 867-5100 . "Hako Minutenan" Hako Minuteman 111 South Route 53 Addison, Illinois 60101 (312)-627-6900 . "Nilfisk" Hilfisk of America, Incorporated 201 King Manor Drive King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406 (215) 277-3900 Other vacuums would be acceptable provided they meet filtration efficiency specified in the OSBA asbestos standard. \ 8006 0439 PRODUCED BY FORD INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS BULLETIN vm------------ uuetmtitU 8/22/83 Industrial Hygiene ToSjEct----------------------------------------Asbestos Brake and Clutoh Servicing (Supplement to Bulletin No. 4) KieONMU MPT. Employee Health Services euLunw no. 4a tUHAUDU DATED New The following procedures are recommended to minimise asbestos duet exposures during brake and clutch servicing of trucks, tractors, trailers, automobiles, locomotives, forklifts, and tow tugs. Strict adherenoe to these procedures will eliminate ' exposures of mechanics to asbestos during brake and clutoh servicing. 1. An area should be designated for all brake and clutch repairs. The normal maintenance area for tug tractors and forklift trucks could serve as the designated area for ttose plant vehicles. Entrances into this area shall be posted during brake and clutch servicing with an asbestos exposure warning sign: ASBESTOS Dust Hasard Avoid Breathing Dust Vear Assigned Protective Equipment Do Not Hemain in Area Unless Tour York Requires It Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Asbestosis and Cenoer 2. Only essential personnel should be present in the immediate maintenance area during brake and clutch servicing. 3. During brake servicing, an air purifying respirator, either single-use or.with replaceable particulate filter(s), as approved by Industrial hygiene and Mining Enforcement and Safety Administration (formerly Bureau of Mines) or HIOSH, shall be worn during all procedures starting with removal of wheel and including reassembly. During manual clutch servicing, such a respirator shall be worn during removal and cleaning of dutch, pressure plate, and housing assembly, and during installation of new clutch assembly. 4. Dust shall first be cleaned from brake drums, brake backing plates, brake assemblies and clutch assemblies using an industrial type vacuum cleaner equipped with a high efficiency' filter system efficiency for 0.3diameter aerosols). After vacuum cleaning, any remaining dust shall be removed using a rag soaked in water and wrung until nearly dry. Dnder no circumstances shall compressed air or dry brushing be used-.-for cleaning. (See Industrial Hygiene Bulletin Ho. 4 for approved vacuum cleaners.) 5. During arcing and riveting operations, an approved respirator, as described in (3) above, shall be worn. Grinding (arcing) machines shall be provided with looal exhaust ventilation such that exposures are maintained below the OSBA asbestos standard (29 CFR 1910.1001). At a minimum, dust bag of the arcing n*chine jthwll be removed and replaoed with hose of high efficiency industrial vacuum described in (4) above. 6. During removal of vacuum bags, an approved respirator, as described in (3) above, hall be worn. Industrial vacuum cleaner bags containing asbestos dust, cloths used for wiping brake and clutch assemblies, and other asbestos-contaminated debris shall be sealed in plastio bags and labeled with following warning label printed in letters of sufficient site and contrast to be readily visible and legible* CAUTION Contains Asbestos Fibers Avoid Breathing Dust Breathing Asbestos Dust May Cause Asbestosis and Cenoer j 1 1 - over - 8006 0440 PRODUCED BY FORD Pullatia ffo. 4a * 2 ** 8/2^83 t>. (continued) All asbestos vasts vast be disposed in accordance vith OSHA asbestos regulations aad the appropriate sections of Subpart B- National Emission Standard for Asbestos, Title 1*0- Proteotion <xf the Environment, Chapter 1, Environmental Protection Agency. Asbestoe-ocotaining waste Bust not be incinerated or discharged into community water supplies. Specific information regarding waste disposal should be obtained from the Stationary Souroe Environmental Control Offioe (SSECO). 7. AH floor cleaning in areas where brakes and clutches are repaired should be done with the high efficiency industrial vacuum cleaner as described in (4) above. Grinding (arcing/machines h*n also be cleaned vith this vacuum cleaner and any remaining dust wiped with a damp cloth. An approved respirator, aa described in (3) above, shall be used during this cleaning. 8. Although adherence to above procedures should minimize contamination of work clothing, it is recommended that the appropriate portions of OSHA regulations on asbestos conoeming special clothing, change rooms, etc. be followed. duPont "Tyvek" disposable coveralls are acceptable for these asbestos-product maintenance operations. 9. Industrial hygiene work practices in this bulletin and the OSHA asbestos exposure standard should be provided to all employees vith potential exposure to asbestos at brake and clutch servicing and reviewed vith their designated representatives. nmmm 8006 0441 ' PRODUCED BY FORD INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS BULLETIN t , 8/23/B3 Tm.iI HnITO------------------Industrial Hygiene tuaitci Asbestos Insulation Removal and Repair (Supplement to Bulletin Mo. 4) 'AWgaBETbW:--------------------- fcuilEJWNO. Employee Health Services Mtueu OATtC------------------- Mew Moat boiler, furnaoe, ateaa, and oondeneate piping insulation installed prior to 1975 contain* asbestos. The renovel or naintenanoe of dry asbestos insulation can be very hazardous to health. Old asbestos-containing insulation tends to be dry, very friable, and can easily generate high concentrations of airborne fibers end dust if carelessly handled. Stringent industrial hygiene precautions must, therefore, be taken to protect employee health by preventing inhalation of asbestos duet and fibers. The following procedures and steps are recommended to minimize dust exposures during asbestos-containing insulation demolition, removal, and repair. They supplement work practices, engineering controls, and personal protective equipment usage specified in Industrial Hygiene Bulletin Mo. 4 and in OSHA and Ontario QHSA asbestos standards and regulations. These procedures apply primarily to protection of pipe coverers and insulation maintenance and installation employees. Compliance with these prooedures should assure that others in vicinity of insulation maintenance activities are not excessively exposed to airborne asbestos fibers. These industrial hygiene work practices focus on safe techniques for removing asbestos insulation from older equipment and build ings. They do not address asbestos encapsulation, top-coating, or enclosure methods. 1. Steam and hot water pipes, furnace*, boilers, ovens, and other equipment must not be reinsulated with asbestos-containing products including insulation oements, tape, and grout. Suppliers of acceptable substitute insulation for asbestos oan be provided by Plant Engineering Offioe, Manufacturing Staff (Mechanical Design and Equipment Standards, page M4-1, January 1976)* 2. Unless there is specific evidenoe to the contrary, all insulation should be treated and bandied as if it ia asbestos-containing until proven otherwise. Samples of insulation materials suspected of containing asbestos may be submitted to the Indus trial Hygiene laboratory who will return an analytical report of amounts and types of asbestos in the samples. Contact Industrial Hygiene at 33-78955 Tor sampling procedure and shipment method. A profile and map of asbestos-containing insulation in the plant can be established by a judicious sampling and boiler and steam pipe tagging procedure. 3. Removal of asbestos-containing insulation associated with renovation or demolition should be done by an outside contractor with proven experience in successfully-handling this hazardous work in compliance with OSHA standards. The cost and/or inconvenience associated with utilization of a specialized contractor is justified hy elimination of potential inhalation health risks. Any outside contracting should be consistent with the outside contracting clearance procedure provided for in the current Company-UAV agreement. 4. Insulation-handling areas must be posted and restricted to prevent unauthorized entry as specified in OSHA regulations. ' 5. The number of employees authorized to handle asbestos--containing insulation should be kept to a minimum. A designated crew, educated and trained in proper insulationhandling work practices, who understands OSHA asbestos regulations, and has reviewed this bulletin, is recommended. As far as feasible, work should be performed at a time when any inadvertent fugitive asbestos fiber emissions would expose fewest people in adjaoent areas. 6. Insulation should not' be removed, handled, or scored, sawed, or drilled until it has been thoroughly soaked with water. Wherever possible, steam flow should be inter rupted to prevent wet insulation next to pipe from drying out during insulation - over - 2M 0 9008 PRODUCED BY FORD Bulletin No. 4b -2- o/i^/o^ removal. A vetting agent such as a dishwasher rinsing aid can be added to the water to promote rapid, complete wetting of the insulation. During handling and sawing, x small atomizer bottle (e.g. "Vindex") 08111 b used to spray insulation to keep it wet until sealed in labeled, plastic trash bags. 7. Employees handling wet insulation must wear respiratory protection equivalent to that provided by a 3M 9920 air-purifying respirator. All employees mist be included in a. respiratory protection control program in compliance with OSHA standards. B. Disposable polyethylene sheeting should be pieced on floor below removal site to catch insulation debris provided the drop is not too far (e.g. greater than 10 feet). Other wise, 'polyethylene sheeting hammocks should be suspended below steam pipe lines to catch wet insulation as it falls. Vet residue should not be allowed to dry before it is placed in trash bags. Vehicle and pedestrian traffic should not be allowed to disturb unbagged insulation debris. 9. An alternate dust containment procedure is available for situations where wet methods of dust suppression cannot be used during removal of asbestos pipe covering. A poly ethylene bag attaches to a pipe and seals the insulation for isolated removal by the attached "Tyvek" and latex gloves. The bag is moved along the pipe in sections until the insulation is removed. About 50 feet of pipe insulation can be handled with one bag. The bag and attached remote-handling gloves containing the asbestos insulation debris may be disposed after precautionary labeling. Bags are available from: Asbestos Control Technology, Inc. 38 North Pine Street Maple Shade, New Jersey 08052 Employees removing insulation by this method must wear respiratory protection as specified in Item 7 ') 10. Employees must wear disposable protective clothing if, during insulation removal and maintenance, regular work clothing could be contaminated with asbestos dust and fibers. duPont "Tyvek" coveralls, jackets, and hoods are recommended. Gloves and disposable overshoes are required. 11. When insulation cannot be worked thoroughly wetted with water or within enclosed containment bags (as specified in Item 9)* nore rigorous respiratory protection is required. Depending on respiratory protection factor required, either full-facepiece powered air purifying respirators or Type C full-facepiece Bupplied-air respirators, continuous flow or pressure demand class, must be used. Such situations would be rare and should normally be handled by approved outside contractor. Industrial Hygiene should be consulted when wet methods, containment bags, or outside contractors cannot be used. 12. The use of power-operated tools on asbestos-containing insulation is discouraged unless the asbestos is thoroughly wetted or mechanical local exhaust ventilation captures all airborne dust and discharges outside the plant with no possibility of reentry. 13. The use of compressed air to remove asbestos insulation from pipes is prohibited. Dry wire brushing of asbestos-contaminated pipes is not permitted unless local exhaust ventilation is vised. 14. Two training aids are available: - Employee Health Services slide-tape cassette mentioned in Industrial Hygiene Bulletin No. 4. - An OSHA film: "Asbestos Control: Encapsulation, Enclosure, and Removal", a nine-minute presentation using on-site scenes to stress good work practices for the control and removal of asbestos ($26). ) 8006 0443 PRODUCED BY FORD