Document LgY7NB3LRky9NL4Dr8VXjr5gq
l
: I MINER
,\
YEARB
I ^ 19 6
Volume 1 of Three
i1
I
METALS AND M
1: !i (Except Fu
. ' `.-.W'KrB'Ifc'.tl , ir * t
N49785
Prepared by the staff of the
'BUREAU OF MINES
|DIVISION OF MINERALS iCharles W. Merrill, Chief ^fllchard H. Mote, Assistant Chief
670
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1960
of deposits, and descriptions of the kyanite group and accessory minerals.*
Results of X-ray, optical, and chemical studies were published for
a wide variety of sillimanit.es and synthetic and natural mullitcs. A new type of mullite, called S mullite, was described." A study was made to obtain data on the solid solubility of FejO,, Cr2Oj, and TiOa in the 3AlaO, -2Si02 mullito composition, using X-ray lattice param eters and cell volumes as the major criteria. New X-ray data were
obtained and lattice constants determined for pure mullite.10 A study was made to determine if the polymorphic relations of
kyanite, sillimanite, and andalusite might.be influenced by the trace
elements present. Although certain traco-elcmcnt anomalies were found, the investigators concluded that the anomalies wero not re sponsible for the polymorphic relations.11
Research indicated that alumina-mullite ceramic reinforced with molybdenum fiber can bo produced that has a modulus of rupture greater than 30,000 p.s.i. after four thermal shocks at 2,200 I. and
lliat the modulus of rupture is actually increased by thermal shock. The material may find use in the leading edges of hypersonic aircraft."
Production methods were described and chemical and physical properties were compared for fused and sintered synthetic mullite maae from various raw materials.13
* Espenshnde, 0. H., and Potter, D. B., Kyanite, Sillimanite, and Andaluslte Depoeltn of the Southeastern StatOH : Qeol. Survey Prof. Paper 830, I960, 121 pp.
Furcron, A. S., Kyanite, Sillimanite, mid Andalusite In Georgia: Georgia Miner. News* letter,-vol. 13, No. 1, spring 1900, pp. 9-21.
* Acrell, 8. O., and Smith, J. V., Cell Dimensions, Solid Solution, Polymorphism, and Identification of Mullito and Sllllmaulte: Jour. Am. Ceram. Soc.--Ceram. Abs., vol, 43, Nu. 2. February 1000. pp. 00-70.
`Murtby, M. Krishna, and Hummel, F. A., X-Itny Study of the Solid Solution of rL'JOa, FejOp, and CrjOi In Mullite (3Alt0*2S10s) : Jour. Am. Ceram. Soc.--Ceram. Abs., vol. 43, No. 5, May 1900, pp. 267-273.
n Pearson, G. R., and Slinw. D. M., Trace Elements In Kyanite, Sillimanite, and An dalusite: Am. Mineral., vol. 45, Nos. 7 and 8. July-August, 1960, pp. 808-817.
u Swlca, .T. .1., and others. Metal Fiber Reinforced Ceramics: State University of New Tork, College of Ceramics, Alfred Unlv., WADC Tech. Rept. 5S-452, pt. 2. Project 7350, January 1000, 41 pp.
`Thomas, Everett A., and Smith, KnrI W., Synthetic Mullite as a Ceramic Raw Mate rial : Paper pres, at Ann. Meeting, AIME, New York City, Feb. 17, 1900, 11 pp.
Lead
By G. Richards Gwinn 1 and E
*$*
Contents
Legislation and Government pro grams__________________________
Domestic production____________ Mine________________________ Smelter and refinery produc tion ______________________
Page
Cons
2 3 Stoc 8 Pric
Fore 8 Wor
Tech
NCREASES were counted in output
I in lead recovered at secondary sme lead-base and tin-base scrap in 19 were noted in mine output of recover and in imports of metal. Import quota out the year. The price of common gr remained at 12 cents'a pound until De 11 cents a pound. This latter price h the year.
TABLE 1.--Salient lea
1051-56 (average)
I960
United States: Production: Domostio ores, recoverable lead content...short tons..
Valuo.......... .. thousands..
Primary lead (refined): From domestic ores and base bullion
short tons.. From foreign oros end
boso bullion short tons..
Antlmonlal lead (primary load content)..short tons..
Secondary lead Head con tent)..................... snort tons..
Imports, general: Lead In ores and matte
short tons.. Lead In base bullion...do-----Lead In pigs, bars, and old
short tons.. Exports of refined pig lead.do.___ Stocks Dee. 31 (lead content):
At primary smelters and re fineries--.............short tons..
At consumer plants...do-----Consumption of ujetat, primary
and secondary......... snort tons..
Price: New York, oommon lead,
average, cents per pound............. World:
Mine production.......... .............. Smelter production.................... Price: London, common lead, average, cents per pound.............
360,883 $107,921
339,483
126,378 18,746
401,823
134,357 716
333,683 969
107,010 116,230 1,164,941
16.33 2,170,000 2,076,000
14.66
362,826 $110,787
349,188
193,120 13,667
606,766
190,462 31
283,392 4,628
97,043 123,906 1,209,717
16.01 2.490,000 2,400,000
14.52
1 Commodity specialist. Division of Minerals.
Statistical assistant. Division of Minerals. 1 Figures on Imports and exports complied by M
sion of Foreign Activities, Bureau of Mines, fro Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
r
672
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1960
LEGISLATION AND GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS
The import quotas established in October 1958 by Presidential proclamation continued without revision throughout 19G0. The U.S. Tariff Commission completed an investigation, made under section 332 of the Tariff Act of 1930 pursuant to Senate resolution (S. Res. 162, 86th Cong.) adopted August 21, 1959, and published the results on March 30, 1960. Section 2 of Senate Resolution 162 requested the Tariff Commission to include in its report recommendations as to
what additional import restrictions, if any (such as increased duties or import quotas or both), need be imposed in order that lead and zinc mining operations in the United States might be conducted on a sound and stable basis. The Tariff Commission, however, decided by a 4-to-2 decision that the making of recommendations or sugges tions to Congress regarding the need for import restrictions was not a function or the Tariff Commission. Such a recommendation, there
fore, would be an extra legal act.4 On September 30, 1960, the U.S. Tariff Commission made its first
report under paragraph 1 of Executive Order 10401, with regard to developments m the trade in lead and zinc since the modification of the tariff concession on lead and zinc granted in the General Agree ment on Tariffs and Trade. The Tariff Commission was of the opinion that developments in the trade in lead and zinc did not warrant a formal investigation under the provisions of paragraph 2 of Executive Order 10401."
No surplus-agricultural-product barter contracts for load were negotiated by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC); and no Government purchases of lead were made for the strategic stockpile. The Government procurement pro
gram for purchases of lead for the strategic stockpile had terminated at the end of 1958. A total of 221,993 short tons of lead were in the
supplemental stockpile on December 31,1960. A bill to subsidize small lead-zinc mines passed both Houses of
Congress, but was vetoed by President Eisenhower. The proposed bill carried authority for subsidizing lead-zinc mines producing less than 2,000 tons of each metal a year when world prices fell below
17 cents a pound for lead and 14.5 cents a pound for zinc. The bill
also limited payments to $4.84 millions a year for 5 years. The Office or Minerals Exploration (OME), which limited Govern
ment participation to one-half of approved costs and a maximum of $250,000 for any one contract, continued its program of assistance for long-range exploration and received 13 applications for assistance for lead-bearing ore deposits. Five new contracts were executed, authorizing total expenditures of $448,000, of which the maximum Government participation was $224,000. Five of the 1960 applica tions were denied, and three applications plus two from 1959 were still pending at yearend. In addition, five OME contracts were terminated. Four contracts from the Defense Minerals Exploration
4 U.S. Tariff Commission, Lead ami Zinc, Report to the Congress on InvoRttpnMon No.
332--20 (Supplemental, under see. 882 of the Tariff Act of 1080). Made pursuant to Senate Resolution 102, 80th Cong. Adopted Aug. 21. 1009: Mar. 30, 1000, pp. 149-150.
* U.S. Tariff Commission, Lead and Zinc, Report to the President (1900) under Executive
Order 10401: October 1960, 18 pp.
-----------THOUSAND SHOUT TON*
LO
Unit d 5101*1 P**C*M of wo
19*0 1929
1929
1929
1932 1939 1990
Fio u h e 1.--Trends in the lead Indust sumption includes primary refined, a pigments made directly from ore. Im of the lead content or ores, mattes, a bars, base bullion, and scrap.
Administration (DMEA), predec
force, and 14 were terminated. Di projects, raising to 94 the total c in lead-bearing ores accomplished
The International Lead-Zinc St land, from January 27 to Februar
continued its efforts to bring free-
of lead into a favorable balance. and Australia, major mine and m production. The overall lead situ
and a further reduction in stocks se
DOMESTIC P
MINE PR
Mines in the United States prod able lead in 1960, the lowest do 1900. Production increased slight through the second quarter, turne clined through the remainder of th
674
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1960
d'Alene region of Idaho, beginning in May 1960, reduced national
output 10 percent during the last G months of the year. The four largest producing States were Missouri, 111,900 short
tons; Idaho, 42,900 tons; Utah, 39,400 tons; and Colorado, 18,100 tons; this output totaled 212,300 tons--86 percent of the U.S. output.
The remaining 14 percent of U.S. output of lead came from 15 States. The major producers of this group, with a combined output of 23,100 tons, about 9 percent of tlio total output, were Arizona,
Washington, Montana, and New Mexico. Missouri retained its place as the largest lead-mining Stale. The
output of lead from the mines of the Southeast Missouri Lead Belt represented about 45 percent of the U.S. total and was 6 percent above 1959. Production began from one of the three shafts of the St. Joseph Lead Co.'s Viburnum ore bodies, and plans were completed to expand refining capacity at the company's Herculaneum, Mo., smelter. Sev eral other maj'or lead-zinc mining companies continued intensive ex ploration programs in southeast Missouri.
Idaho retained its position as the second largest lead-producing State and as the largest producer in the Western States. Output, however, declined 31 percent from the 1959 total. The decrease was
attributed largely to the 7-month labor strike which closed The Bunker Hill Co. and American Smelting and Refining Co. (AS&R) mines in the Coeur d'Alene region. The strikes idled about 1,500 men at The Bunker Hill operations and 500 men at the AS&R mines and mills, and reduced the monthly output from Idaho by about 2,000 tons from June through December.
The 1960 output of lead in Utah represented an increase of 8 percent over 1959. The United States and Lark Mines of the United States Smelting Refining and Mining Co. operated two shifts a
TABLE 2.--Mine production of recoverable lead in the United States, by States
(Short tons)
State
1061-55 (average)
1060
1067
1058
1060
1060
6 12,309
8 8,053 23, 157 71,70!
6,548 60
125.601 18.870 4.028 3.099 1,260
Utah.................................................................................
13,869 3 3
8
20 47. 521
3.082 10,218
1,739
Total.................................................................... 360,883
1 11,909
9, 200 10,860 64, 321
7,636 228
123, 783 18,042 6, 384 0. 042 1,008 10 12, 360 6
6
49. 665 3.036 11,667 2, 682
362,820
0 12,441
3, 458 21,003 71,637
4, 257 411
126, 345 13, 300 5.079 6,204 1,007 0 7, 183 6
44,471 3, J43
12, 734 1,900
338,210
2 11,800
140 14, 112 53. 603
1.299 610
113.123 8. 434 4. 150 1. 117 579
3, i02 1
40. 355 2.034 0,020 non
207,377
0.900 38
227 12, 907 62, 305
481 400 105, 105 7,072 1,357 820 481
001
30, 630 2. 770 10, 310 745
255, 636
23 8,406
440 IS, 080 42.907
781 558 111,048 4,870 987 1,090 775 424 030
39,308 2. 152 7.725 1. 166
216,660
TABLE 3.-- Ores y ie ld in g lead and zinc in the U nited States in 1960
(S hort tons)
LBAD
V a
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676
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1960
TABLE 4.--Mine production of recoverable lead In the United States, by months
(Short tons)
:
Month
1960
1960
Montb
January......................................... February........... ............................ March................................................ April...................................................
May.................................................... June....................................................
July....................................................
23,626 21,449 21,166 21.432 20,376 21,634
19,067
21,423 22,776 26, 690
24,106 20,871 19,686
16,413
August........ September. October___ November. Docombcr..
Total
1969
I960
21,922 20,719 21,208 20,270 22,129
266, 680
19,867 18,208 18,389 10,080 20.162
246,669
day throughout the year. Tonnage and grade of ore was about the same as that of the past several years, and new ore developed sub stantially exceeded ore extracted. The strike at the Tooele smelter, which had lasted about 6 months, was settled on February 15, 1960. Evidence of high-grade silver-lead-zinc mineralization was reported in the Keystone Mining Co. properties in the Park City district of Utah, which wore being developed with aid of an OME loan by Keystone and Park City Mines Co. Development of the silver-leadzinc ore body in the Tmtic district by the Bear Creek Mining Co., domestic exploration affiliate of Kennecott Copper Corp., continued throughout the year.
The output of lead from mines in Colorado increased 40 percent over 1959. Scheduled requirements for lead ore production at the
Eagle mine of The New Jersey Zinc Co. at Gilman were main tained throughout the year except for the August-November period
when the mine was shut down by a labor strike. The Argentine and Mountain Springs mines of the Rico Argentina Mining Co. also contributed significant quantities to the State's lead production. The newly built 500-ton-a-day ore-dressing mill, at the Camp Bird mine near Ouray, of Camp Bird Colorado Inc., subsidiary of Camp Bird Mining Ltd., of London, England, went on stream in October 1960. Progress also was made by the Standard Metals Corp. toward reopening the Shenandoah Dive mine, rehabilitating the ShenandoahDive's mill, and reopening the Sunnvside mine, under lease from United States Smelting Refining and Mining Co.
The Iron King mine operated by the Shattuck-Denn Mining Corp. retained its position as Arizona's leading producer. Lead-zinc and lead-zinc-copper ore also was mined at the Flux mine in the Harshaw district and Pride of the West mine in the Duquesne district. The ore from both mines was treated at the Trench mill in the Harshaw district.
The Pend Oreille mine of Pend Oreille Mines and Metals Co. and the Grandview mine of American Zinc-Lead and Smelting Co. were again the major lead-producing mines in Washington. Clayloon Uranium Co. discovered a new vein of lead ore at the Lead Trust mine in Stevens County, and Uranium-Lead-Zinc Mines. Inc., devel oped a chimney of lead-silver-zinc ore at the former Columbia Lead and Zino Mining Co. property near Z Canyon, Metaline mining district.
The decline in lead production in Montana continued through 1960 and was attributed largely to the extended closure of The Anaconda
LEAD
Co.'s zinc concentrator where lead w
The testing of an enlarged cyanide mil Inc., at Bannock, to handle lead, zinc, the New Departure mine near Dillion ern Milling Co., Inc., with the assista to explore for lead and zinc at the'M west of Townsend, Broadwater County.
The 2,000 tons of lead produced in
more than the 1959 output. The inc to output from New Jersey Zinc Co.'s
the leased Linchburg mine at Magde throughout the year.
About 5 percent of the U.S. outp the Mississippi River where lead was a byproduct during the recovery of zinc of the Western States; and from Wisc of the Mississippi Valley lead-zinc regio
TABLE S.--Twenty-five leading lead-prodnolng in order of ont
Hank
Mina
District or region
State
Federal.
United States & Lark.
Southeastern Missouri.
West Mountain
(Bingham).
Missouri. Utah.........
3 Leadwood..
Southeastern
Missouri.
Missouri.
Indian Creek..... ____ do..................... . ____ do.....
Lucky Friday.... Coeur d'Alene... Idaho.....
Bunker Hill........... Star............................ Treasury Tunnel-
Black BearSmuggler Union. Bonne Terre...,
Madison.......
____ do........... ........... -do..
Upper San Miguel.
Southeastern Missouri.
____ do............... .
____ do......... ____ do........ Colorado..
Missouri__
.........do_____
Iron King...........
Big Bug--
Arizona..
Pend OrelUe___
Metallne..
Washingto
United Park City. Uintah....
Utah...........
Viburnum......
Eagle..______ ...
MayflowerGalena
Page................
Southeastern Missouri.
Red OUff (Battle Mountain).
Blue Ledge......
Missouri__ Colorado__ Utah_______
Coeur d' Alene___ Idaho..........
18 Austinvllle.
Austin villa..
Emperius____ Butte Mines.
Croede.................... Summit Valley..
Sunshine___ Grandview..
Coeur d'Alene.. Metallne......... ..
Rioo-Argentlne-- Pioneer.....
Linchburg Qroup. Magdalena..
Virginia..
Colorado.. Montana..
Idaho........... Washingto
Colorado....
New Mexic
Flux-,
Harshaw..
Arisona.
678
MINERAL8 YEARBOOK, 1960
SMELTER AND REFINERY PRODUCTION
Refined lead was produced in the United States at primary re fineries that treated ore, base bullion, and small quantities of scrap, and at secondary plants that process scrap exclusively. The lead was derived from three principal sources--domestic mine produc tion, imports of foreign ore and base bullion, and scrap material (treated largely at secondary smelters). Refined lead and antimonial (hard) leaa were produced at both primary and secondary plants. Antimonial lead was the principal product at secondary plants be cause the smelter feed was composed largely of hard lead, much of it in the form of battery scrap.
The four smelters, live combination smelter-refineries, and two re fineries which treated ore, base bullion, and other primary materials in 1960 are listed below:
Smelters: American Smelting and Refining Oo.: Leadvllle (Arkansas Valley), Colo. East Helena, Mont El Paso, Tex. International Smelting and Refining Co.: Tooele, Utah
Smelter-refineries: American Smelting and Refining Co.: Selby, Calif. Barber (Perth Amboy), N.J. Bunker Hill Co.: Kellogg, Idaho St Joseph Lead Co.: Herculaneum, Mo. The Engle-Pieher Co.: Galena, Kans.
Refineries: United States Smelting Lead Refinery, Inc.: East Chicago, Ind. American Smelting and Refining Co.: Omaha, Nebr.
The list of major secondary smelting linns and their plant loca tions presented in the 1959 Lead Chapter remained virtually unchanged.
Refined lead--Primary and Secondary.--Domestic primary lead smelt ers and refineries produced 387,200 tons of refined lead and 28,700 tons of lead in antimonial lead. Lead content of primary raw ma terials consumed was 425,900 tons; that of scrap was 34,100 tons.
Domestic ores were the source of 60 percent (66 percent in 1959) of the 382,400 tons of refined lead produced from primary sources, and foreign ores and bullion supplied 40 percent (34 percent in 1959).
Primary lead smelters also produced 4,800 tons of refined lead from scrap and secondary smelters 143,400 tons from scrap. Re fined and remelt lead from all sources was 530,700 tons.
LEAD
Antimonial Lead--Primary and Secon tion at primary and secondary sme tons lead content), 28,700 tons (lead c and 179,200 tons from secondary sme 92 percent of the primary smelter outp 4 percent came from domestic ores an Battery-lead plates accounted for 63 scrap melted, and antimonial lead wa
Other Secondary Lead.--Secondary le suming lead-base and tin-base scrap to of 4 percent ovor 1959. Secondary lea of the total in 235 plants; primary lea and manufacturers, foundries, and s bined, 7 percent.
TABLE 6.--Refined lead produoed at primar souroe mate
(Sbort'tons
1961-55 (average)
1
Reflnod lead: From primary sources: Domestic ores and boso bullion... Foreign ores............................................ Foreign base bullion............................
330.483 124.601
777
34 19
Total....................................................... 464.861
From secondary sources.............................
4,064
54
Grand total..................... ............................. Avoropo sales price...................... por pound.. Calculated value of primary rofined lead
thousands
468,925 $0. 150
$130,458
64 $
$17
1 Excludes voluo of refined lead produced from scrap at
TABLE 7.--Antimonial lead produced at p States
Year
Produotlon
(short tons)
Antimony con
Short tons
Pe
1966..................................................... .. 1967......................................................... 1958......................................................... 1059..................................................... .. I960.................................... ....................
61,960
66,820 67,786 50,246 37,487 30,230
4,084
3,348 3,064 2,803 1,924 1,675
680
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 19 60
TABLE 8.--Stooks and consumption of new and old lead scrap In the United States In 1960
(Short tons, gross wolght)
Class of consumors and typo of scrap
Stocks Jon. 11 Rocolpts
Consumption
New scrap
Old scrap
Total
Stocks Dec. 31
Smelters and refiners:
Battery-lead plates...................................... Mixed common babbitt............................ Soldor and tinny lead________________ .. Type metals............. ................... .................. Drosses and residues................... ................
Total...............................................................
Foundries and other manufacturers: Soft lead......................................................... Hard lead-------- ------ -------- ----------- -----------
Battery-lead plates.......... .................... -- Mixed common babbitt........ .................... Soldor and tinny lead____ ............
Drosses and residues_______ ....
Total...............................................................
Grand total: Soft lead......... ................................................... Hard lead____ ______ ____ ______ ________
Battery-lead plates....................................... Mixed common babbitt............................. Solder and tinny lead............... .................. Typo metals..................................................... Drosses and residues....................................
Total...............................................................
i Revised figures.
2,026 932
1,894 28,616
1,008 691
1,080 16,621
63,066
39 163
40 88 234
9
252
816
2,964 1,085 1,934 28,703 1,242
600 1,080 10,873
64,481
61,473 16.831 29,812 371,749
6,107 9,481 24,877 82,066
690,886
611 284 303 472 9,634 132
77
11,313
61,684 16,616 30,116 372,221 14,041 9,613 24,877 82,133
002,109
80,626 80,626
60,610 10,311 30,062 382,262
4,671 9,038 24,163
618,316
60,019 16,311 30,052 382,262 4,971 9,638 24,103 80,626
608,641
175 203 438
4 260 254
260 256
606 505
0,467
9,497
74 63 137
11
254 10,834 11,088
176 4
74 80,620 80,879
61,182 10,601 30,308 382,767 14,408
9,701 24,163
629.150
61,367 16,606 30.308 382,767 14,468
9,776 24,163 80,626
010,020
3,470 062
1,654 18,102
1,144 434
1,794 18,052
45,011
112 183
87 65 271
4
328
1,040
3,601 1,135 1,741 18,157 1,415
438 1,794 18,380
40,061
TABLE 9.--Secondary metal recovered 1 from lead and tin scrap in the United States in I960, by type of products
(Short tons, gross weight)
Lead
Tin
Antimony
Other
Total
119,366 28,863
119,306 28,853
148,219
148,219
3,091 287
3,378
3,061 287
3,378
Lead and tin alloys: Antimonial lead.............................................. Common babbitt............................................ Genuine babbitt............................................. Solder........... ............... ...................................... Typo metnls......................................................
Miscellaneous alloys.....................................
Total................................................................
205,487 10,621 42 24,764 30,887 27,780 1.210
300,787
Grand total...............................................
456,000
364 1,127
205 6,058 1,802
6 429
9,051
1,015
13, 444
12, 594 1,833 27 357 4,879 273 141
20,104
20,104
186 218,631 113 10.004
10 344 07 30, 206 118 37,080
28.005 78 . 1,858
G02 336,544
1,015
002 480,160
i Most of the figures herein represent aotuat reported recovery of motel from scrap.
LEAD
TABLE 10.--Secondary lead rec
(Short to
1051-55 (average)
As roflnod motnl: At primary plants...................... .*.............. At other plants...............................................
4,004 132,720
Total................................................................ 130,784
In antimonial lead: At primary plants......................................... At other plants.............................................
30,131 190,071
Total................................................................ 236,202 In othor alloys......................................................... 119,837
Grand total:
Quantity.................................................... 491,823
Value (thousands).........
$147,980
$
TABLE 11.--Lead recovered from sorap pr of sorap and form
(Short to
Kind of scrap
1959
1960
New scrap: Lead-base.................................
Coppor-baso......................
62,101 0,098 426
Total....................................... 68,625
Old scrap:
Battery-lead plates
All other Icad-baso............... Coppor-baso............................
241,039 120,848 21,272
3
Total...................................... 392,762
Grand total..._________ 461,387
65.850 6,214 430
61,506
255,879 134,011
18,502 6
408,397
469,903
As
In In In
1 Includes 23,101 tons of load .recovered in enUmonlalJ
1960 and 26,270 tons la 1960.
*
CONSUMPTION
The relatively high level of indus combined with a substantial drawdo of lead, gave rise to optimistic foreca metal. Monthly consumption throu the forecasts, but a downtrend began tinued through the third and fourth year was 6 percent below 1959. T materials and technological improve for the decline. Consumption decrea lead, red lead and litharge, annealin type metal, and weights and ballast
Soft lead, primary and secondary, total consumed; 24 percent was lea percent was lead in alloys; l.C percen
909509--91------ 44
682
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 19 60
4 percent was lend content of scrap which went directly to an end product; and 0.4 percent was lead recovered from ore) in (ho produc
tion of leaded zinc oxide and other liigments. Monthly consumption varied throughout the year. The high of
91,100 tons and the low of 75,400 tons were readied in March and
July, respectively.
.
Of the lead consumed during the year, 71 percent went to metal
products, the largest quantity being for storage batteries (35 percent
of all lead consumed), which took antimonial lead for grids and posts,
and soft lead for oxides. The second largest quantity (16 percent)
was used for chemicals, 98 percent of which was for tetraethyl lead.
Lead pigments used 10 percent, and 76 percent of the lead used in
pigments was for manufacturing red lead and litharge.
The two largest uses of lead, batteries and tetraethyl lead, which
together represented about 50 percent of the total consumption, were
related directly to the automotive industry.
TABLE 12.--Lead consumption in the United States, by products
(Short tons)
Product
1969
1060
Product
1069
1900
Metal products: Ammunition......... Bearing motile... Brass and bronze. Cable cohering... Calking lead...... Casting motals... Collapsible tubes.
Pipes, traps, and bends...
8older....... _........................ .. Storage batteries:
Anltimonial lead......... Lead oxides---------------Teme metal............................ Type metal..........................
Total mctol products... Pigments:
White load....................... Red lead and litharge------
45, 328 23.298 24,204 61.620 80,091
8,395 9.442 3, 746 24,825 28,168 68,871
187,284 103, 448
1.611 27.606
788,252
10,955 74, no
43,577 20,717 20,485 60,350 66. 527
7.023 8,705 3,684 22,119 20. 007 60,013
175,458 177, 738
1,705 28,159
Pigments--Continued Pigment colors...................... Other................................
Total--................. ..
Cboinlcals: Tetraethyl lead..................... Miscellaneous chemicals..
Total....................... -............
Miscellaneous uses: Annealing-----------------.......... Galvanlring......... .................. Load plating.......................... Weights and ballast...........
13, 827 4,773
103,671
160,020 4,485
164,505
6,120 1,184
302 8, 748
722,027
Total......................................
Other, unclassified uses----------
16,363 10,358
8.432
ll74,901
Grand total *.
1,091.140
11,445 3,703
98,641
163,826 2,806
106,632
5,153 1,383
218 9,046
16, 799 17.273
1,021, 172
Includes lead content of leaded zinc oxide and other pigments. * Includes lead which went directly from scrap to fabricated products.
TABLE 13.--Lead consumption in the United States, by months
(Short tons)
Month
January.............................. .. February.................................. March........... --........................ April..........................................
June........... ................................ July..._______ _____ _______
1969
89.122 86.124 86,431 91,664 96,443 9G, 285 00, G4S
I960
Month
1059
80.781 84.663
01,055
83.011 90, 321 87.197 76,444
August........................................ September......... -.................... October......... ............................ November. --__________ December.........--..................
Total*............................
92.G01 95,162 07, 008 84,003 80,168
1,091,149
19G0
00,060 86.640 86.806 83,022 77,263
1,021,172
Includes lead content of leaded rino oxide and other pigments and lead which went directly from scrap to fabricated products.
LEAD
TABLE 14.--Lead consumption in the United and types of m
(Short tons)
Product--
Soft lead an
Metal products________________ . ____ .
Storage batteries_______________ ________
Pigments____ ___________ ....
.
Chemicals................................................. . .
Miscellaneous............. . .
Unclassified___*____4 .. . _ .
.
Total...........................................................
209,880 177,738
94,778 166,629
9,615 16,114
673,654
` Excludes 39,649 t<?n8
that went directly from scr
contained In leaded zinc oxide and other pigments.
TABLE 15.--Lead consumption
(Short tons)
State
Refined soft load
L an
California_____________ _____ ... ... Colorado______________ ______________
District of Columbia.
.,
Florida...____________ ________ ..
,,,,
Indiana................................................................... Kansas.......................................... .... ... Kentucky........................ .............. . Maryland________ ______________
Michigan...............................................................
Nebraska________________________
..
New Jersey......................................................
Rhode Island................................. Tennessee......................... ..
Washington...................................................... West Virginia................................. .. .
Alabama, Georgia, and Mississippi*
Arkansas and Okluboina...
` .........
Hawaii and Oregon....................... .. . Iowa and Mlnrmsota...............................
Loulsana and Texas....................
.
Montana end Idaho...................................
Now Hampshire, Maluo, and Delaware....
North and 6outh Carolina...............................
Utah, Nevada, ond Arltona......... . ...
Undistributed........... .. . _____
.
Total....................................................
74,163 1.379
14,141 122
1,730 65.310 62, 279
C, 474 5
6,723 6, 973 11.190 61,180 10, 677 114. 663
11.177 34. 577
2,411
1,722 8,653 13,619
686 27.370
2,782 606
111,366 1.300 3,254 26 134 670
673,064
1 Excludes 30,049 tons of lead which wont djroctly from scra contained in leaded zlpc oxide and otbor noospoclfled pigme
! ^ "Undistributed" to avoid disclosing individu < The following States are grouped to avoid disclosing Indiv
684
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1900
Shipments of 26,329,600 units of replacement batteries were re ported by the Association of Battery Manufacturers, Inc., 4 percent below the record output of 27,495,400 batteries shipped in 1959.
Nine States accounted for 74 percent of the total lead consumed (excludingscrap). New Jersey used 15 percent; Louisiana and Texas combined, 13 percent; California and Illinois, 10 percent each; Indi ana, 9 percent; Pennsylvania and Missouri, 6 percent each; and New
York, 6 percent.
LEAD PIGMENTS'
Production of lead pigments declined in 1960. The major leadpigment-consuming industries fared as follows: The production of automobiles and trucks rose 17 percent; the value of public and priv ate construction increased slightly; paint sales were unchanged; and the combined consumption of natural and synthetic rubber declined
3 percent. Production.--Lead shipped to manufacturers of lead pigments
totaled about 265,000 tons compared with 280,000 tons in 1959, a de
crease of 6 percent. White lead, red lead, litharge, and black oxide were made from
refined lead and again constituted 99 percent of all lead used in pig ments. The remaining 1 percent of the lead came from ores from which leaded zinc oxide was produced. Basic lead sulfate production is withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data.
Lead silicate, as it is derived from litharge, is included with litharge. Consumption and Uses.--White Lead.--Shipments of white lead de
creased 7 percent. The requirements of the paintmaking and ceramic
industries were 79 and 1 percent, respectively, of the total, unchanged from 1959. Other uses for the pigments were in chemicals, greases,
plasticizers, and stabilizers for plastics. A substantial part of the
amount listed as "Other" belongs properly under paint. Basic Lead Sulfate.--Most of the lead sulfate was used in making
leaded zinc oxide. Production figures are withheld to avoid disclos ing individual company confidential data.
Bed Lead.--The pamt industry used 57 percent of the red lead consumed, compared with 65 percent in 1959. Other uses were in colors, lubricants, petroleum, rubber, and unspecified miscellaneous
products. Orange Mineral.--No consumption of this pigment was reported. Litharge.--"Other" uses (77 percent) continued to claim most of the
litharge shipped to industry. Battery makers were the largest single consumer j chemicals, chrome pigment, driers, floor covering, friction material, ink, insecticides, and unspecified uses made up the remainder of "Other" uses. Ceramics received 16 percent, varnish 4 percent, oil refining 2 percent, and rubber 1 percent. Battery makers produced
* Prepared by John B. Shelton, commodity specialist, and Bather B. Miller, statistical assistant.
LEA
140,000tons of leaded litharge, com suboxide, for making the paste used plates.
Prices.--The quoted price of wh , $360 a ton in carlots in 1960. The
white lead was $408 a ton, up $26 down $13 to $455. The quoted pr to 15.75 cents a pound, or $295 to average value of shipments decreas price of litharge ranged from 14.2 to $315 a ton in less than carlots; av $2 a ton to $273.
TABLE 16.--Production and shipments o
Pigment
1950
Produc tion
(short
tons)
Shipments
Short tons
Valu Total
Whlto lead: Dry.......................... In oil *.............. ..
Total................... Red lead_____ _____ _ Litharge.... Black oxide...................
12,352 6,540
18,892 21,049 105,686 152,341
12,430 $4,751,793 6.788 8,174,138
19,224 22,905 106,013
7,925,930 6,789,381 29,119,870
1 Except for basic load sulfate, figures withheld to avo s At plant, exclusive of container. 1 Weight of white lead only, but value of paste.
TABLE 17.--Lead oontent of lead and z manufacturers,
(Short ton
1969
I'igiuont 1
Lead In pigments produced from--
Ore Domestic Foreign
pi Pig lead
White lead............1... Red lead_____ ,,______ Litharge......................... Black oxide.......... Leaded tine oxide...
Total...................
2,500 2,500
1.406 1.406
16.114 19, 974 98,288 147.066
280, 443
intuidklA .1 lwl 111 bsa, Iead sulfate; figures withhel
086
MINERALS YEARBOOK, I960
TABLE 18.--Distribution of white lead (dr? and In oil) shipments,' by Industries
(Short tons)
Industry
1051-55 (average)
1050
1057
1068
1059
1060
! Total....... ..............................
22,346 877
4, m
27,888
20,283 033
* 4, 777
25, 698
19.253 067
3,064
23. 574
15,288 203
2,804
18.300
16,148 243
* 8,833
19.224
14.145 219
>3.578
17. 942
i Excludes baslo lead sulfate; figures withhold to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data, i Figure* for plasticizers and stablllzors withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data.
TABLE 19.--Distribution of red lead shipments, by Industries
(Short tons)
Industry
1951-65 (average)
Total......................................
13.807 13,710
857 2,375
30,809
1950
14,331 0, 053 1,483 2,208
27,976
1957
15,003
w
11,005 26,968
1958
o13j ,720 ()
8,206 21,692
1950
12.008
w 9,807 21,005
I960
12,003 <)
328 9,400 22, 631
* tnoluded with "Other."
TABLE 20.--Distribution of litharge shipments, by industries
(Short tons)
Industry
1951-56 (average)
Ceramics........................................... Chrome pigments......................... Floor coverings.............................. Insecticides...................................... Oil refining........... .......................... Rubber.............................................. Storage batteries........................... Vamlsh.............................................. Other..................................................
Total......................................
20,187 7,735 913 3, 348 4,424 2,130
60.085 4,888 7.972
147. 691
1650
19,802 3,558
to o
3,623 2. 206 82.041 3.57! 15. 764
131. 525
1957
18.071 3,955
e) 3,359 1.298
o 3. 227 75, 878
100. 788
1958
m 3, 731
S')
2,598 1,247
o 3.223 81,306
92. 166
1959
15,340 4,682
ScS' 3.096 1.808
0 4.725 70, 302
10G. (113
1960
15, 763
e(')) 2,371 1,373
to 3, 471 75, 072 08,640
i Included with "Other."
TABLE 21.--TJ.S, imports for consumption of lead pigments and compounds
Kind
1059
I960
Short tons
Value (thousands)
Short tons
Value (thousands)
White lead............... ............................................................................ Red lead....... ........................................................................................ LlttiMxe................................................................................................ Other lead pigments........................ -...................... -.................... Other lead oompounds..................................................................
Total..........................................................................................
1,073 468
11,382 30
280
13,233
$323 96
2,218 6
54
2,696 .
1,497 537
13,371 23
801
16,729
$461 111
2.681 9
62
3.224
8ourco: Bureau of tho Census.
LEAD
Foreign Trade.--Imports of lead pig percent in value and 19 percent in q Imports of white lead, reef lead, litharg increased 40, 15, 17, and 8 percent, resp pigments decreased 7 tons (23 percent).
Exports of lead pigments and salts and 21 percent in quantity compared arsenate increased 35 percent. Data lead compounds.
TABLE 22.--U.S. exports of lead p
Kind
Total........................................... ...............................................
i Includes white lead, red lead, and litharge.
Source: Bureau of the Census.
STOCKS
The decline in stocks of refined lead whicli began in March of 1959, contin of 1960 to a low of 95,400 tons on Ma April, however, and continued through ot the year. Yearend stocks, whicli re at the plants^ irrespective of ownership in process or in transit, were 250,100 tons
Stocks reported by the American Bure an additional 25,000 tons of bullion in refineries and about 24,000 tons of ore of nearly 299,100 tons of primary raw plants.
Consumer and secondary smelter st 120,500 tons on January 31 to 128,200 ton in June, reached a peak of 128,400 ton then declined to 97,300 tons by tho end total was 23 percent below 1959.
TABLE 23.--Stocks of lead at primary sme States, Bee. 3
' fShort tons)
Stocks
1051-65 (average)
1956
Refined pig lead............................ Lead In antlmonlal lead............ Lead In base bullion.................... T.#ead In ore and matte..............
Total________ ____
43,151 10,820 14,052 38.W7
107,010 .
30,237 10.740 n, mi 44.926
97,043
.
>88
MINERALS YEARBOOK, I9 60
TABLE 24.--Consumer stocks of lead In the United States, Deo. 31, hy types of material
(Short tons, lead content)
Yeor
HoAried Antlmoniul
soft lend
lend
Load in alloys
Load In
coppor-base strop
Total
' i)S6.
1067.
1068.
1!00t5i00..
73,673 80,708 70,924 80,277
49,726
40,220
39,376 37,511 38,088
30,230
8,007 7,661 7,050 0.436
7,216
2,080 1,670 1,409 1,000
1,007
123,906 120,310 122,000 120,400
87,2118
PRICES
The quoted New York price for common lead was 12 cents a pound
>u January 1. This price held constant until December 13 when the .rice dropped to 11 cents. It remained at that level to the end of ;.he year. The weak domestic market caused bv decreased consump tion and increased stocks was largely responsible for the dcclino m
jirices.
, , -.
Quotations on the London Metal Exchange ranged from a low ol
;:01.75 per long ton on December 29 (equivalent to 7.74: cents a pound
;J.S. currency--computed on the average monthly rate of exchange)
o a high of 78.50 (9.83 cents a pound) on May 24. The bid quota-
ion on December 31 was 62.00 a long ton (7.77 cents a pound) and
ho average for the year was 72.15 (9.04 cents a pound).
CABLE 25.__Average monthly and yearly quoted prices of lead at St. Louis, New York, and London'
(Cents por pound)
Month
1959
1900
St. Louis New York London * St. JaOUlS New York Loudon 1
oceinber______ _____ -................
12. 42 11.38 11.21 11.00 11.70 11.80 11.80 12.07 12.80 12.80 12.80 12. 32
12.01
12,02 11,68 11.43 11.20 11.90 12.00 12.00 12. 27 13.00 13.00 13.00 12. 62
12.21
0.00 8. 77 .8.73 8. liS 8.90 8.75 8. 82 0.05 8. 85 8.86 0. 03 0. 08
8.88
11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80 11.80 n.sn 11. 18
11. 76
12. 00 12.00 12.00 12.00 12. 00 12. 00 12. 00 12. on 12.00 12. 00 n. no 11.38
11.95
0.35 0. 24 9. 55 9.72 9, 70 9. 18 8. 93 8.90 8.78 8. 44 8. 50 8. 14
0.04
' St. Louis: Motel Statistics, 1961. p. 491. New York: Met.-.l .Statistics, 1961, p. 485. London: E&MJ
lotni and Mineral Markets. Baaed on monthly average rotos of exchongo by FoderalJuescrvejDoaro.
FOREIGN TRADE
Imports.--General imports of load were 12 percent under 1959. The decline was attributed partly to the failure of Peru and Mexico i.o meet import quota gonls. Imports of ore and concentrate increased 5 percent, and bullion 266 percent, but pigs and bars and scrap decreased 22 and 8 percent, respectively. About 57 percent of the load
LEAD
imported was pigs and bars, 41 percen the remaining 2 percent scrap and bul
fosljivia, Canada, and Peru were the m mports of ores and concentrates were s of South Africa, Peru, Canada, and Au Exports.--Total lead exported, althou totaled only 5,843 tons. The increase by larger exports of scrap, ore, matte, of pigs and Dars declined from 2,756 I960.
Tariff.--The duties on pig lead and centrates remained 1 y16 cents and % Duties on scrap were the same as on pigle
TABLE 28.--TT.S. Imports 1 of
(Short tons, lead con
Country
1961-66 (average)
1960
Oro, Quo dust, and matte: North America:
26, 446
4,236 1,292
2,600 89
Total....................................................... 34,627
South America: Chile............................................................
Other South Amorlco........................
16,441 1,813 240
32,102 73
Total.......................................................
50,769 226
Asia:
2,202 08
2,270
Africa: Morocco 1.......... ..................................... ..
Othor Africa.................................. ..........
627 28,013
41
28,581 17,894
Total ore, flue dust, and matte.......... 134,367
Base bullion:
North America.......................... South America____ __________
Europo.......................................... Asia................................................... Oceania.........................................
.
. .......
201 69
<4>
440
716
Pigs and bars: North America:
Othor North America..........................
60,900 107,735
60
108,761
See footnotes at end of table.
30,09 0,90 2, D 3,80
44.43
17,17 1
1,44 66,17
1 74,09
2
2,22 4
2.04
44,20
44,20 31,04 190,46
3
3
16,22 77,64
93.70
690
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1980
TABLE 28.--TT.S. import!1 of lead, b7 oountrlea--Contlmied
(Bhort tons, lend content)
Country
1951-65 (averago)
1956
1957
1968
1069
1900
lMgs and ban--Continued South America: Other 8outh America.......................... Total....................................................... Europe:
Other Europe......................................... Total....................................................
Total pigs and bars..................................
34,094 173
34,207
941 2,418 4,347 1,619 43,262 2,070
66, 247
'8,802 65,044
32.1,052
33,640
83, 640
1.206 168
6,700 115
38, m 2,162
49.252
'6,428 80,673
262,664
34,906 1,001
36,600
1,852 1,550 3,119 2,666 40.262 2.6S4
02,033
9,018 95. 617
324.270
42, 473 140
20,311
42.619
20,311
- ..- -j
6,872 3,118 14,237 8,836
30, 789 2,139
1,603 2,893 0,305
088 32,73!
4,872
70,901
52,382
10, 537 80,615
* 5,384 47,655
308,452 263,410
25,107
25,107
610 551 4,116
7 1,388
36.G08
J, 328 46,783 206,03,1
Reclaimed, scrap, etc.: North America:
Other North America__ .....
3, 754 2,096 1,265
7,104
6,808 9,701 1,649
17,148
2, 658 2,683
662
6. 793
1,008 1,939
420
4.207
2, 251 1,203
245
3, 789
4,051) 1,054
6, 273
South America: Other South America..........................
Europe:
Other Europe.......................................... Total.......................................................
171 299 230
44
718 629
156 117
12 348 167
399 170
853 1,801
4 48 C)
63 120
57
48 ------------ -
.
120 ,,--
..
- -- ..
7 84 168
1
32
284 7 1
1 4 5
Asia: Japan (Including Nansel and Nan-
170 108
278
r
4 1
5
10
10 ' --------- ;------
18 J8
6 5
Oceania:
Total..................................................... Total reclaimed, scrap, eto.........
1,572 103
1,676
10,631
468,766
1,255
1,265 20,738 479,876
3.079
3,070 9,213 632,055
2,229
4,361
2,229
4, 351
6,570
8, 279
677,08J 410,609
2,355
2, 355 7,638 359,017
* Data are "general Unports"; that Is, they Include lead Unportod for fmmorilato consumption plus mate
rial entering the country under bond. * Revised figure. * French Morocco prior to Jan. 1, 1957.
* Less than J ton.
* West Germany, effective Jan. 1, 1952.
, ,,
'include* 90 too* from Northern Rhodesia In 1951-55 (averago) and from.the Federation of Rhodesia
and Nyaaaland, 1,062 tons In 1950, and 224 tons In 1960. r Inoludet material classified by the Bureau of the Census as being from Algeria but believed by Buronu
of Mine* to be from French Moroooo.
Source: Bureau of the Census;
XJ0AD
TABLE 27.--U.S. Imports for consumption
(Short ton*;
Country
1961-66 (average;
1956
Ore, flue dust, and matto (lead coutent): North America:
Total........................................................ South America:
Chile............................................................
Asia: Total.......................................................
Africa:
Total....................................................... Oceania:
26,225
3,610 665
1,004 07
32,401
10,632 4.360 131
26,132 262
40,626 208
2, 202 69
2, 271
626 21,956
38
22,520
13,776
Total....................................................... 13,776
Total ore, flue dust, and matte.. 111,702
Base bullion (lead content):
Europe.................. ............................................. Asia.................................. .................................
203 10
634
747
Figs and bars (lead content): North America:
60,966 106,216
60
167,132
South America: Other South America_______
34,070 173
Total.....................................................
34,243
Europe:
941 1.524 2,418 4,347
1,619 43,261
1,142
Asia. .....
56,242 . 41
26,733 5,613 3,018 2,829 1
38,194
19, 771 2,057
862 68,363
162 82,096
24
2,227 187
2,414
35,417
35,417
32,999 169
33,168 191,302
31
81
16,220 76,242
92,462
33,640
33,640
1,206 1,389
168 6,700
116 3* 901
773 49,252
See footnotea at end of table.
692
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1960
TABLE 27.--TLS. Imports for consumption 1 of lead, by oountries--Continued
(Short tons)
Country
1051-65 (avorago)
1060
1057
1068
1969
I960
Pig and bars--Continued Africa:
8,7n1o2
TWiil
. . . 8.822 56,944
321,424
Reclaimed, scrap, eto. (lead content): North America:
3,781 2,006 1,265
7,141
South America:
171 603
44
Total.......................................................
718
Europe:
w
,
Total.......... ...........................................
166 69
217 398
852 278
3
Oceania:
746 102
848
9,840
8beets, pipe, and shot: North America:
163
272
426 14
139
678 444,291
6,428 849
6,277 80.673 262,204
5,881 10,109
1, M2 17,632
299 230
629
117 1.000
348 167 179 1,801
4
608
20, 464
136 6,830 6,960
088
7,654 481,066
9,018 726
9,744 05.617 321,708
2. 668 4,000
645 7,203
4 63 67
84 168 32 284
32
32 7,576
101 4.770 4,800 1,027
6,917 669,842
0,700
9.760 76,036 351,750
5,032 703
5,735 61,051
262,632
" 1,787 2,433 228 4,448
274 34
308
7 279 172 467
19
2,300 1,350
602 4,348
() 120 120
1
1
17
3,387
3,387 8,619
3,411
3,411 7,897
262 452
659
811 452
L,813 1
rt3,156
2,625
3,603
001,044 *410,007
1,243 400
1.703 46,816 213,147
4,053 1,189
220 6.462
1 15 10
&
115 115 6,698
213
213 2,041
1 2,855 350, 407
i Excludoa Imports for manufacture lu bond and export, which are classlflod as''imports for consumption" hy the Bureau of the Census.
* Revised figure. 1 Loss than 1 ton. * Frenoh Morocco prior to Jan. 1, 19.57. West Germany. effective Jan. 1, 1962. Inoludes material classified by the Bureau of tlio Census as being from Algeria but behoved by Die Bureau of Mines to be from French Morocco.
fiouroe; Bureau of the Census.
LEA
TABLE 28.--U.S. imports for co
Yoar
Lead In oros, fluo Load In base
dust or fume, and
bullion
mattes, n.s.p.f. (lead content
(load contont)
Short tons
Value (thou sands)
Short V&lUO tons (thou
sands)
1961-66 (avorage)... 111,702 1956................................ 191,302 1067................................ 234,616 1968................................ 237,626 1969................................ *130,620
1060................................ 137,574
$28,492
60.621 02,284 60.772 * 27,035 27,816
747 $288 31 11 26 8
416 136 34 19
293 62
1 Excludes Imports for manufacture lu oond and e Don" by the Bureau of the Census.
* In addition to quantities shown (value Included i follows--1951-66 (average): 9, 840 tons,$2,317,657; 195 1968: 8,619 tons, $1,440,639; 1969: 7,897 tons, $1,304,107;
a Data known to be not comparable with other year * Revised figure. * Adjusted by Bureau of Mines.
Source: Bureau of the Census.
TABLE 29.--U.S. Imports for consumptio lea
Year
Babbitt metal, soldor, and otbor combinat ing lead
Gross
Lead
weight
content
(short tons) (short ton
1051-66 (averago)............... ............ 1950..................... ................................. 1067....................................................... 1958....................................................... 1959.......................................................
1960.......................................................
2,009 4,106 3,602 4, 244 11,840 1 9, 274
1,23 2, 62
2, 10 2,04
3, 75 1.51
* Data known to be not comparable with other year Source: Bureau of the Census.
094
MXNBRAL8 THARBOOK, I960
TABLE 80.--U.S. export* of lead, by ooantrles1
(Short tons)
Destination
1061-55 (average)
1656
1957
1958
1050
1900
Ore, matte, base bullion (lead content); North America:
Mexico........................ ..............................
Total - -...............................................
Airia
. . ....................................
402 264
750
17 nT
6 1,048 1,055
1.055
54 851 912
905 912 30
1 70
906 1,012
3 108
111
113 224~
10 107
123
1,174
1,297
Pigs, bare, anodes: North America:
Other North America.........................
48 38 14 87
38 266 44 62
2 18 53 136
19 11 33 37
4 28 79 163
187 137 482 135 229
400 300 104 no 93
12 2,128
560
3
9
24 10 00 149
243 18 30
Asia: Other Asia.............................................
0 1 168 17 120
302 2
()
609
1,176 0
180 2
688
2,051 6
4,628
2,305 16
451 224 106
3,102 1
47339
7 427 660 126
1,125
(*)
1,359
6 3 473 1,916 27
2, 424 I
2, 760
34 1,530
103
1,073 2 1
U>07
Scrap:
124 .
11
Europe:
Other Europe........ ................ ................ Total.......................................................
Aala^ Other Asia................................................ Total.......................................................
178 142 26 80S 107
1,250
667
607
2,050 3,792~
20 563 783 554
14
1,939
180
186
2,130
7,819
"
264 304 125
66
748
67 ( )
292 157 382 178
1,001)
51 460 513 110
1.134
1,220 2
6 120 297 851
74
1,357
137
137 885 6,130 1
1
i l 1,015 3^380~
1,141 4,121
1
m ( )
2, 579 5,843
> In addition foreign lead was reeiportcd as follows: Ore, matte, base bullion 1051-55 (nvcrace): I,ess than 1 ton: 1666: 6 tons; 1967: 4 tons: 195S-60: Nono. Pigs, bars, anodes, 1951-66 (average): ICO tons; 1956: 60 tons; 1957: 300 tons; 1968: 26 tons; 1969: 83 tons; 1960: None. Scrap: 1961-56 (average): 24 tons; 1966-68:
None; 1969: 11 tons; 1960: None. > Less than 1 ton. 1 West Germany, effective Jan. 1,1952.
Source: Bureau of the Census.
LE
WORLD R
World production of lead in 1 of 1959 as voluntary curbs on ou world producing countries and U.S World smelter production was es and free-world consumption at 2.4 increase in stocks. This imbalanc of the major problems of the free industries. Demand for lead con in the European markets through admitted to trading on the Lond year.
NORTH A
Canada.8--Mine production from 19 mines reached 205,000 tons and Refined-lead production came fro smelter, a unit of the smelting and Mining & Smelting Co. of Canada, which processed concentrates from Bluebell, and H. B. mines in Britis concentrates. Other lead ore and Columbia were Canadian Explora Donald Mines, Ltd., at Remac; and operated its Mineral King mine a began rehabilitation of its Paradis land Hill, Ltd., an important silv and zinc concentrates.
TABLE 31.--World mine production of
(Short t
Country
1951-56 (average)
1
North America: Canada *________________________
Cuba.................................................. .. Greenland........................................ .. Guatemala_____ _______ _______ _
Honduras......................... .................. Mexico................................................. .
Unltod States *.................................
188,407 18
4,750 1.038 247,024 356,888
18
22 85
Total.................................................
798,120 77
South Amorica: Argentina___L................................... . Bolivia (exports)............................. . BrA7.il .................................................. Chile....................................................... Colombia (U.S. Imports).............. Equador................ ..............................
Poru...................................................... .
22,476
26.832 3,152 0,001
* 291 09
114,976
3 2
14
Total-................................................ See footnotes at end of table.
173,826 -- - -J-C-
20
1 When sslnc or copper were coproducts with countries may be found In tbe Zinc and Copp
* Mineral Resources Division, Department o
nary Survey of tbe Canadian Mineral Industry February 1961, pp. 24-27.
12 MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1900
) glass industry. Commercial mica and spheno (a calcium titanium
icate) were reported to occur on the company's property.*: Metal.--Production of titanium sponge metal was 5,300 tons corn-
red with 3,900 tons in 1969. Activity in other phases of the titanium
tal industry increased 20 to 58 percent.
,
Commercial producers of titanium sponge were as follows: Union
rbide Metals Co., Division of Union Carbide Corp., Ashtabula,
do; E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., Newport, Del.; Reactive tals, Inc. (formerly Mallory Sharon Metals Corp.), Ashtabula,
do; and Titanium Metals Corp. of America (TMCA), Henderson,
v. Du Pont and TMCA used magnesium to reduce titanium tetra-
'oride to titanium metal; Reactive Metals and Union Carbide used
lium.
TABLE 3.--Titanium-metal data
(Short toos)
1960
1967
1668
1969
1900
>igo motol:
14,665 2.048 3.000 9,310 10,030 2,033
11,688 10,800
6,160
17,249 3,632 2,800 19,821 8,221 1,743
10,009 10.428
6,068
4. 685 2,073 1,000 22,463 4,147 1,330
6,408 4,071 2,694
3,808 1,563 1,100 22, 474 3,053 1,000
0,017 6.064 3,211
5,311 2, 231 1,100 22, 474 6,487 2,027
8,207 7,978 6,080
'tieludes alloy constituents.
Titanium melters were: Harvey Aluminum, Inc., Torrance, Calif.;
active Metals, Inc., Niles, Ohio; Oregon Metallurgical Corp.,
bany, Oreg.; Crucible Steel Co. of America, Midland, Pa.; Reblic Steel Corp., Masillon and Canton, Ohio; and TMCA, Hen-
rson,Nev.
..
'Oregon Metallurgical Corn, produced ingots and castings. Die
her companies proauced and processed ingots into mill products such
sheet, strip, plate, forging billets, and bars. Harvey Aluminum, produced titanium castings in addition to other mill products,
dish Co., Cudahy, Wis., processed ingots into forged products. Pigments.--On a gross-weight basis, production of titanium dioxide
jments decreased 11 percent and shipments decreased 3 percent,
ow the record levels of 1959. Data on domestic production and
'pments in table 4 are based on Ti02 content. Data in table 10
:.)w capacity of titanium dioxide plants in the United States and
eign countries.
..
Titanium pigments were produced by the following companies:
nerican Cyanamid Co., Piney River, Va., and Savannah, Ga.; The bidden Co., Baltimore, Md.; E. I. du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc.,
Ige Moor, Del., Baltimore, Md., and New Johnsonville, Tenn.; Na>nal Lead Co., St. Louis, Mo., and Sayreville, N.J.; and The New
rsey Zinc Co., Gloucester City, N.J.
Rocks and Minerals. MAT Expands Mineral Mlnlnp Operations: Whole No. 270, rcb-Aprll I960, p. 113,
TITANIUM TABLE 4.--Titanium dioxide
Year
1051.................................................................................................................................
1053................................................................................................
..............
1054..................................................................................................................................
1955.....................................................................................
. ..
1956.......................................................................
.
1957..................................................................................................
...........
1058......................................................................................................................................
1050.................................................................................................................................
1 Includes Interplaut transfers, v'* Not available.
Source: Pacts for Industry and Current Industrial Reports series, M published Jointly by the Bureau of the Census and too Business a U.8. Department or Commerce.
Construction of a 25,000-ton-a-year titani undisclosed location on the west coast was a 85-percent owned by the American Potash & percent by Laporte Titanium, Ltd., a subsi tries, Ltd., of England. The plant will be th plant west of the Mississippi River.*
Welding-Rod Coatings.--A total of 222,000 t taining titaniferous materials in their coati the total output, 40 percent contained rutile; percent, a mixture of rutile and manufactur percent, manufactured titanium dioxide; 15 p cent, other.
CONSUMPTION AND
Concentrates.--Consumption of ilmenite, w for making titanium dioxide pigments, decrea tons. Titanium slag consumption, also us production^ declined 16 percent below 1959. of rutile for making titanium tetrachloride more than offset a decrease in its use in weld overall consumption increased.
Metal.--Titanium sponge metal consumpti over 1959 to 5,500 tons. About 500 pounds used in producing a ton of titanium ingot. C mill products, using shipments as a gage, wa higher than in 1959. High-speed aircraft missiles, and space vehicles were the major en metal.
One titanium producer estimated that req metal in missile and space applications wer Broadening of the missile base contributed
* American Potash A Chemical Corporation, APACC. Lap Titanium Dioxide: The Brine Line, rol. 8, No. 0, Decembe
1124
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1960
TABLE S.--Consumption of titanium concentrates in the United States, by products
(8hort tons)
:
Year and product
Ilmenite '
Titanium slag
Rutllo
Qross weight
Estimated TlO
con tout
Cross weight
Estimated TIG*
content
Qross weight
Estimated TIOi
content
1961-W (average)....................................... 1050................................................................ 1057.................................................................. 1068..................................................................
700,023 805.211 810,710 731.421
1060: Pigments (mfg. TiOt)*.................. Titanium metal........--.................... Welding-rod coatings...................... Alloys and carbide...........................
013,017
{*) 704
3,000 27
Miscellaneous7..............................
3
Total.................................................. 017.747
1000: Pigments (mfg. TIOi) *..................
Welding-rod coatings...................... Alloys and carbide...........................
301.704
() AM
2,584 27
Miscellaneous 7..................................
17
Total.................................................. 808, osn
860,670 404,009
434.077 370.705
*83.386 102,434 116,405 117,581
473.471 <0 470 2,700 17
2
470,560
142.048 () 860 <>
421
143. 320
402,023 (<> 390 1,674 17
10
401,014
110,308 008
<)
210 120,402
* 58,720 115.148
82,643 82.037
21.028 40,853 53,393 21, 077
100,186 () 014 (*)
300
101,106
6,001 14,687
760 421 092 880
23.741
84,267 080
(*)
158 85,095
8.073 13.400
377 374 704 1,205
21,220
19, 805 44,453 30,870 20,679
6. 721 13,819
733 394 068 827
22. 462
7, 685 12,068
300 350 036 1,103
22,042
Inolude* a mixed product containing rutile, leucoxene, and altered Ilmenite used to make pigments and metal.
* 1952-55 only. "Pigments" Include all manufactured dioxide. 4 Included In "Pigments" to prevent disclosing Individual company confidential data. * Included In "Miscellaneous'' to prevent disclosing individual company confidential data, * Revised figure. 7 Includes consumption for chemicals and experimental purposes and losses In grinding.
extent; in certain missile applications, however, titanium was reported to be cheaper than other suitable materials, and part of the increase in these uses was attributed to substitution of titanium for other metals.
A double shell of titanium reportedly was used in the midsection of the space capsule used in Project Mercury, America's man-in space program. The shells were supported by titanium rings and stringers. Other significant applications for titanium in space ve hicles and missiles included cryogenic pressure vessels for liquid-fueled missiles, rocket motor cases for solid-fueled vehicles, rocket nozzle exit cones, control mechanisms and housings, and skin.
The use of titanium in the honeycoino-core construction for jet inlet guide ramps of the Navy's Mach 2 attack aircraft, the A3J Vigilante, was described. Titanium's immunity to salt-water corro sion reportedly was so effective in replacing aluminum cover sheets and channels that the A3J aircraft already built were to be fitted with the new design.
Use of high-strength titanium alloy in the barrel of the new U.S. Army recoiless infantry gun, the Davy Crockett, announced early in
`Croclbl. Steel Co. of America, Titanium Review: Vol. 9, No. 1, March 1901, pp. 1-3. Aviation Week and Spnce Technology, Corrosion-Fighting Titanium Sheet Paves Way for Honeycomb In Navy A3J: Vol. 72, No. 11, Mar. 14, 1960, pp. 104-100.
TITANIUM
1960, represented the first major nonairc titanium. One company estimated that would be needed for this application from
Increased commercial utilization of pumps and heat exchangers was repor cooking kettle was reportedly unaffected exposure to several foods which seriously and stainless steel vessels.
Cast titanium parts, such as pumps, im use in hot nitric acid, hypochlorites, ch ments were reported to be cheaper than s and nickel alloys when downtime a considered.
Welded-titanium-tube heat exchange metal sulfates in sulfuric acid, such as en plants, were reportedly more efficient tha lead-covered copper tubing. Forty-five changerSj each consisting of 120 linear fe welded titanium tubing, were being con pigment plants of the National Lead Co.1
Pigments.--Consumption of titanium weight and using shipments as a gage, de Consumption of pigments not separately use in ceramics, roofing, siding, gems, tita
STOCKS
Rutile stocks increased slightly and re ply at the 1960 rate of consumption. Il but stocks of titanium slag decreased. sponge held by producers, melters, and tons, the same as stocks at the end of 1959 supply at the 1960 consumption rate. A held in Defense Production Act inventori
Titanium sponge metal scrap held by increased from 3,400 tons at the beginn yearend.
PRICES
Concentrates.--The price quoted for ilm Mineral Markets remained unchanged in ton (59.5 percent Ti02,f.o.b. Atlantic sea
Rutile prices continued to decline. Th Ti02, f.o.D. Atlantic seaboard) quoted b
T Daily Metal Reporter, 2 Million Lbs. Titanium Nee May 4, 1000. pp. 1, 4.
Steel, Success of Corrosion Test Widens Field fo 1900, p. 88.
Aschoff. W. A.. Why to Use Titanium and Zirco Eng., vol. 51. No. 1. January I960, pp. 102-104.
15Chemical flngloeeilug, Big Equipment Sale 8b Gimmick Phase : Vol. 67, No. 20, Dec. 26, 1960, p. 81.
Chemical Week Titanium Equipment Costs Tum nn 20-fiA.
1220
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1960
TABLE 18.--Slab-zlno consumption In the United States in 1960, by Industries and States
(Sbort tons)
State
Oalv&nizers Brass mills* Dlecasters * Other * _ Total
f) (*)
20.983 (4)
3.041
Ohio..............................................................................
Utah
.......................................................
Total*..............................................................
(*) pi
40.803 41,806
821
(V) 712
<) ()
3,790 ()
1,893 (0
3,607
(>
4,180 0,015 (<> 75,155 (<) () 54,129
558 () (<) 11,873 c) (<)
030 6,000 1,978
309,445
tI*o) 32,008 0) w
14,330 o
(*) w
() 1.565
10,043 0)
w
M 5,672
w <')
() 6,698
(<)
() (*) <> (0 (<)
07,048
12.274
(4) c)
(>
c) 62,063 21,200
M()
W v) () 0)
w 17,074 (h>
84,163
(<) W<
3,008
(0
id. 33i 30.700 () 46,071 b()) 13,759 w
() M
<) (*)
<<)
336,917
(4) ( )
1.067 w
() (*)
0 (0 (<5
' <4) (9
(4)
67,852
33,170 o w
36,282 (<>
37,421 tio4)
046 (9 < > 135, 469
80,695 1,504
<W>
712
wW
0.620 99,223
1,917 (>
7,756
<)
w
27,140 49,168 (<) 129,262
5,789 897
97,240 692
(4) 1,890
36,950 (4)
294 1,375 6,127 10,052
671,262
> Includes brass mills, brass Ingotmakers and brass foundries. * Includes producers of elnc-baso diocastlngs, zinc-alloy dies, and zinc-alloy rods.
> Includes slab sine used In rolled-zinc products and In zinc oxide. * Figure withheld to avoid disclosing individual company confidential data. ' Includes 8tates not Individually shown; excludes remelt zlno.
ZINC PIGMENTS AND SALTS7
Production.--Production of zinc pigments and salts was below the 1959 output. The value of public and private construction was up slightly, and the value of paint, varnish, and lacquer shipments re mained unchanged at $1.8 million; however, consumption of natural and synthetic rubber, a large outlet for zinc oxide, decreased 3 percent to 1.6 million long tons.
Production of lead-free and leaded zinc oxide was 15 and 39 percent, respectively, below 1959. Output of zinc chloride decreased 5 percent and that of zinc sulfate decreased 33 percent. Data for production of 50 Baume zinc chloride have been changed to show the zinc chlo-1
1 Prepared by John H. Sbelton, commodity specialist, and Esther B. Miller, statistical assistant.
THOUSAND SHOUT TONS
ZINC
ride equivalent of zinc ammonium chl chloride.
Pigments and salts were made from va including ore, slab zinc, scrap, and resid and salts produced directly from ore, bot
ceeded 78,900 tons; that in zinc oxide and exceed 15,400 tons; and the zinc derived zinc pigments and salts exceeded 37,300 ton
TABLE 19.--Production and ahipments of zin United States
1959
Pigmont or salt
Produc tion
(short tons)
Shipments
Short tons
Value*
Total
Averag per to
Zinc oxide *................ .......... Leaded zinc oxide *......... J
Zinc chloride, 50 B *___ Zinc sulfate...........................
161, 0C6 23,650 * 68, 797 41,353
164, 234 22,626
*68,985 40,670
341,483,742 6,037,604
() 6, 322, 882
$26 20
(> 16
> Excludes lithopone; figure withheld to avoid disclosing Indiv * Value at plant, exclusive of container.
1 ZInc oxide containing 6 percent or more load Is classed as lead * Includes tine chloride equivalent of ztno ammonium chloride * Corrected figure.
* Figure witbneld to avoid disclosing Individual oompany con
J 22
MINERALS YEARBOOK, I960
TABLE 20.--Zlno content of zlno plgmenta 1 and salts produced by domestic] manufacturers, by sources
(Short tons)
1050
I960
I'lgmant or salt
Zinc In pigment* and salts produced from--
Ore
Domes* Foreign tic
Slab lino
Sec ondary
mate rial*
Total line In
piptnents
ami
salts
Zinc In pigments and salts produced from--
Ore
Domes Forolgn tic
Slab zinc
Sec ondary
mate rial*
Total tine In
pigmeats
and
salts
a,Zinc oxide................... 71.126 16,339 18,000 23.680 120,145 57,296 13.028 15,303
7>6 110,433
Leaood lino oxldo.. 4,820 2,798
7,618 5,704 2,831
8,636
Total pigments... 75,946
Zinc aul/ate................ <<)
10,137
w
18,000 23.680 136,763
(*) 13,003 13,063 (*) 14,254
63,000
c)
15,850
w
15,393 (*)
24,716 12,625
<4)
118,008 12,026 0.740
* Excludes tine sulfide and Uthopono; figures withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential
da to.
.
* Thos* figures ftro higher than thoso shown In tho roport on Secondary Mctalsr-Nonforrous because they
Include ilno recovered from byproduct sludges, rcslduos, etc., not classified as purchased scrap material.
* Includes line content of line ammonium chloride.
* Flguro withheld to avoid disclosing Individual company confidential data.
* Corrected figure.
Lead-free zinc oxide was made by several processes: 64 percent
from ores and residues by the American process, 24 percent from
mel al by the French process, and 12 percent by "Other" process from
scrap residues and scrap materials. Leaded zinc oxide was made
from ores; zinc chloride, from slab zinc and secondary zinc materials;
and zinc sulfate, from ores and scrap zinc.
Four grades of leaded zinc oxide, classified according to lead con
tent, were produced. Only a very small quantity of 5 percent or less
leaded zinc oxide was produced; the grade of more than 5 to 35 percent
lead constituted most of the production. Small quantities of the more
than 35 through 50 percent and over 50 percent grades were produced.
Both ordinary and high strength (titanated) lithopone were
produced.
Consumption.--Shipments of lead-free zinc oxide were 6 percent
below 1959. Shipments to floor-covering industries increased 9 per
cent; to rubber, paint, ceramics and other industries decreased 6
percent; and to the coated fabric and textile industries declined 37
percent.
.
...
Consumption of leaded zinc oxide by the paintmaking industries
(91 percent of the total consumption) declined 15 percentbelow 1959.
Lithopone was used in paint, varnish and lacquer, floor covering,
coated fabrics and textiles, rubber, printing inks, and chemicals.
' Statistics on distribution of zinc cnloride shipments were not avail
able. The principal uses were for soldering and tinning fluxes, bat
tery making, galvanizing, vulcanizing fiber, preserving wood, refining
oil, and fungicides.
Rayon ana agriculture were the chief consumers of zinc sulfate, re
ceiving 56 and 16 percent, resepectively, of the total shipments. Other
uses were in chemicals, floation reagents, glue manufacturing, and
ZINC
the medicinal, mineral, and rubber industri dustries received 30 percent of the shipments. by rayon manufacturers decreased 40 percen creased 18 percent; and other uses decrease with 1959.
TABLE 21.--Distribution of zlno oxide shipm
(Short tons)
Industry
1051-55 (average)
1056
19
Rubber.............................-........................ ..............
Ceramics..................................................... .............. Coated fabrics and textiles.......................... Floor coverings.............. .....................................
Total................................................................
76,091 32,273
0,311 7,966 2,358 21,477
149,476
80,450 32,485 10,160
8,447 1,436 21,968
154,055
81 32
8 3 1 23
161
1 Includos the following tonnages for rayon: 1050--7,721; 1057--2,63 and 1060 withhold to avoid disclosing individual company confidentia
TABLE 22.--Distribution of leaded zlno oxide s
. (Short tons)
Industry
1061-55 (average)
1056
105
87,286 430
26,825 330
23,
Total................................................................ 87,710
27,164
24,
TABLE 23.--Distribution of zlno sulfate ship
(Short tons)
Year
Rayon
Gross weight
Dry basis
Agriculture
Gross weight
Dry basis
Gro weig
1051-55 (average)____
1950................................... 1057................................... 1058................................... J950...................................
1060...................................
8,022
21,083 10,003 19,796 26,062 15,727
7,625 18,820 17,785 17. 747
23, 354 14,007
6,546
7,051 0.818 11,526 6,262 4,320
6,683 6.291 8,261 9,819
4,696 3,848
6,1 4,0 3,8 2,4 0,3 8,7
.,^ Prices.--American process lead-free zinc ox cents per pound, and the 6- to 35-percent lea at 15.375 cents per pound for carlots during seal and white-seal French process zinc oxides 16.75 cents per pound in carlots, respectively Lithopone was quoted at 9.125 cents per pou for the year. Zinc chloride (50 percent solut
1224
MINERALS YEARBOOK, 1960
than carlots), and zinc sulfide (carlots) were quoted at 5.15,9.75, and 25.30 cents per pound, respectively, nil year.
Foreign Trade.--Imports of zinc pigments and salts declined 17 per cent in value and 19 percent in quantity below 1959. Of the 15,600 tons imported, 12,700 tons, or 81 percent, was zinc oxide.
Exports of zinc oxide and litnopone were down 15 percent and 65 percent, respectively.
TABLE 24.--XT.S. Imports for consumption of zinc pigments and salts
Kind
1959
1900
Short tons
Value
Short tons
Value
(thousands)
(Ihousonds)
10,510 235 73
700 1,663
19,147
$3,301 72 9
127 109
3,078
12,695 193 62
0) 880
1,743
15,582
$2,632 03 8
(>) 151 198
3.052
> Lew than 1 ton. i Less than $1,000. 8ouroo: Bureau of the Census.
TABLE 25.--U.S. exports of zino pigments
Kind
1059
1060
Short tons
Value
Short tons
Value
(thousands)
(thousands)
Total..........................................................................................
2,516 638
3,054
$765 99
804
2,137 100
2,327
$659 35
694
Source: Bureau of the Census.
STOCKS
National Stockpile.--Inventories in the national stockpile at yearend approximately equaled or exceeded the basic and maximum objectives. No domestically produced zinc was reported by industry * to have been shipped to Government account. Tne total of such shipments re ported by industry for 1945 through 1959 was 1,173,951 tons. GSA acquired 1,840 tons of foreign zinc in 1960, under surplus agriculturalproduct barter contracts, authorized under the Agricultural Trade De velopment and Assistance Act of 1954 and amendments. The 323,925 tons acquired from 1956 through 1960 under this program was placed in the supplemental stockpile.
Producer Stocks.--Smelter stocks of slab zinc began the year at 156, 200 tons, rose to over 200,000 tons by the end of July, declined to 182,000 tons at the end of November, and increased to 188,000 tons by yearend.
* KImberl; J. L. A Review of the Zinc Industry In the United Stales During 1000, Am.
zin c
TABLE 26.--Stocks, of zino at zino-reduotlon plan
{Short tons)
1056
1057
Total.................................................................
64.794 2,081
66,875
163, 2,4
155,
i Revised figure.
Consumer Stocks.--Stocks of slab zinc 102,400 tons at the beginning of the year b the year. In the first quarter, the stocks tons, but by November they had declined to On December 31, total stocks were 67,800 tons of slab zinc was in transit to consum monthly rate of consumption, total cons transit represented about 4 weeks' supply.
TABLE 27.--Consumer stacks of slab zino at
(Short tons)
Oalvanlrers Brass mills1 Zinc die- Zinc ro
costers 1
mills
Dec. 31, 1959 ____ Dec. 31, 1960..........
66.919 36,209
13,627 7,825
25,199 18,052
4, 3,
i Includes brass mills, brass ingot makers, and foundries. ' Induces producers of tlnc-baae die castings, tino-nUoy dies, a * Figures partly revised. Stocks on Dec. 31,1959 and 1960, excludo 728 tons and 1,461 to
PRICES
The quoted price for Prime Western zin cents per pound at the beginning of the yea increased to 13 cents, where it held until De 0.5 cent to 12.5 cents. On December 19, t cent to 12 cents where it remained for the
The average monthly zinc quotation on t was 88.412 a long ton (equivalent to 11.05 at the exchange rate recorded by the Fed average price for January was 91.747 (11. March the average had declined to 88.89 By Mav the price had increased to 91.452 thereafter an almost continual decrenso bro 82.747 (10.34 cents per pound) in Decemb
Prices of new and old zinc scrap varied slab zinc. Sales of clean new zinc clippin ers' or lithographers'plates averaged slig through November. In December, the pri pound but it averaged 7.08 cents for the ye m price from 3.87 to 4.75 cents a pound, av
609609--61-------- 78