Document LgDpqa082nmkvVvrB1y9XbeZX

V - J\ HWBB-0007815 ' 5N / Air Hygiene Foundation of America, Inc., 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa., February 1, 1937. REFERENCES TO RECENT LITERATURE ON INDUSTRIAL DISEASE 59 0 0 CONNECTICUT STATE DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 30, 1935. REPORT OF BUREAU OF OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES. A. S. Gray, Pp. 411-462, Hartford, 1936. During the year 405 inspections were made, involving the more serious indus trial hazards, including especially dust in foundries, lead, solvent vapors and chlorinated napthalene. It is aimed to encourage the reduction of not only silica-bearing dusts but all dusty atmospheres to moderate limits. The most fruitful appeal for control measures is based on compensation and economy. Ten pages are devoted to control of foundry dust with numerous figures on results found in practice, and detailed recommendations for reducing the silicosis. Konimeter "grab" samples have been added to impinger samples as a routine to supplement data on fluctuations in dust concentrations through time, location, operations and causative factors. Similar details are given from studies of rock drilling and miscellaneous dust exposures. In a long tunnel through rock with 10 to quartz it was recommended that dust be reduced to 20 million particles per cu. ft., in part by use of traps on drills. In a cotton picking room with 3.5 changes of air hourly a surprise was met when samples showed excess ive concentrations of dust, of which the settled portion contained 28$ silica. Some stre.t sweeping machine operators were* likewise forad to be exposed to a potential but controllable 3ilicosis hazard. Lead hazards were found some cases, especially where the temperature of citing pots cxcc- ds 900UF. Dipping hot alumimm castings into nitric acid was found not to be hazardous in one case. Sodium fluosilicate as a flux for aluainuB was found to yield too much hydrofluoric acid for safety. Fumes from the drying of lacquers caused symptoms of poisoning. Triethylene chloride used in degreasing constituted a hazard in one case. Preventive measures, often simple, were recommended in every case. Ifcny laboratory methods are described fully, including determination of solvent vapors in air, determination and analysis of dust, and analysis of poisonous material. Educational activities are described. The total cost of the work for the year was 4 cents per worker in industries with potential health hazards. 60. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES. R. R. Sayers and J. J. Bloomfield. Am. J. Pub. Health, 26, pp. 1087-1096 (1936). During the first nine months of 1936 the number of State Departments of Health conducting industrial hygiene work was increased from 5 to 17, in addition to two states in which that work is conducted by the Department of Labor. The budgets vary from 7 to 77 mills per worker. The authors describe and emphasize the help which the federal Public Health Service can give states inaugurating such bureaus. 03117742 HMBB-0007816 References to Reeent Literature - 2 61. RECENT CHANGES IN THE PAINTERS* TRADE. A. Hamilton. U. S. Dept. Labor, Dir. Labor Statistics, Bull. no. ? (1936). The painters' trade has always been unhealthful above the average, as shown in .various statistical records# The advanoes made in industrial hygiene during recent years have not as yet registered their effect on these statis tics, although in many branches of the industry such advances have been striking. Naturally it will require a longer time before the improvement can be shown statistically. The improvements in the last twenty years in clude the displacement of lead pigments by harmless materials, especially in interior work and in mass production, aid the substitution of mineral spirits for turpentine. On the other hand, the growing use of lacquers instead of paints, and the use of the spray gun, have introduced new hazards* The solid materials are harmless, but the liquid components are not always*. Several of the new organio solvents are known to be poisonous, and their effect is ag gravated by the use of the spray gun. As yet no thorough study has been made of these solvents, except benzol. Although most of the solvents may prove to be harmless, it is well to take all possible precautions, including the use of local oxhausts and abundant ventilation, and if these fail, the use of respirators* However, the only efficient way of protecting the spray painter is to select ooatings that are free from poisonous constituents. 62. LEAD ENCEPHALOPATHY AS CAUSE OF DEATH? E, Beintker, Samm. v. Vergift., vol. 7 (Gutachten) pp. 53-56 (1936). . Death of a worker in a storage battery foundry from pneumonia following se vere exposure while in a state of mental confusion raised the question whether the lead had acted directly on the brain. The quantities of lead found in the various organs did not confirm that supposition, but indicated rather that the mental condition could be traced to an early progressive paralysis. 63. LEAD POISONING AS AN ETIOLOGICAL FACTOR IN CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER, S. Bazzano. Med. del Lav., vol 27, pp. 303-314 (1936). <C = Cirrhosis af the liver is not a common concomitant of lead poisoning and when present can be traced to other factors, especially alcoholism. 64. ANGINA PECTORIS AFTER FLUE GAS POISONING, C, Krootz. Med, Klin. vol. 32, pp, 1521-1524 (1936). A locomotive cngineor sufferod an attack of angina peetoris following poison ing by flue gas when his train was stallod in a tunnel. Seven years later, and again thirtoon years lator, ho was poisoned in the same way and the ill ness increased. It was sometimes considered an accident neurosis, but the higher court ruled that thoro was no connection vdth tho poisoning. The author shows from the literature and tho case history that a oonneotion exists botween flue gas poisoning ani angina pootoris and notes that heart injuries as a rosult of carbon monoxide poisoning receive too little attention. 65. NET/ SYNDROME FROM INDUSTRIAL POISONING, C. Bollesini. Ponsicro Med., vol. 25, p, 269 (Sept., 1936). A preliminary report on casos of industrial poisoning from absorption of diphcnyl-arsiric acid through the skin, including one death. In other oases the symptoms rogross after disoontinuation of -the work. The author em phasizes tho importanoc of protecting workers by oonstant attention to cleanliness and tho uso of prctoctivo clothing. 03117743 MMBB-00B7817 References to Recent Literature - 3 66* SECOND FATAL CASS OF LUNG FIBROSIS FROM INDUSTRIAL RADIUM POISONING. E. I'onges and H. II. Kalbfleisch* Frankfurt* Ztschr. f* Path., vol. 50, pp. 100-122* (1936). The authors doscribo a fatal case of lung fibrosis in a woman working in a radium laboratory* After four years of work, she fell ill of grippe with in flammation of lungs and costal pleura, followed by difficult breathing and groat loss of weight. She diod two years later* Fibrosis of the lung was present several months earlier* end autopsy showed extensive damage to the lung, with radium deposits in various parts cf the body* although less in the lungs than in some other sections. The lungs must bo oonsiderod the chief moans of entry of radioactive substances, both of radium salt particles and of the gasoous decomposition products of radium. 67, NEPHRITIC SYNDROMES CAUSED BY INDUSTRIAL POISONING '.'ITH CARBON TETRACHLORIDE. S. Franco* JJ* Y. State J. Mod*, 56, pp* 1B47-1S53 ( Dec. 1, 1936)* Two cases arc presented, both of workmen exposed to the vapors without ad equate ventilation* The kidneys were affected in both cases, and troatmor.t was followed by recovery. A study of the literature showed two forms of kidney injury, represented in the two cases. Details of the two forms 0\ arc presented, the principal difference being presence of albumen in the urine in one form and its absoncc in the other* 68* FATAL POISONING "rITH NITROUS GASES. B. Both. Sam, v, Yergift., 7, (Ver- giftur.gsfallc) pp, 177-178 (1936), ~ A typical ease of nitrous gas poisoning resulted from breaking a flash of nitric acid. The notable fact was the appearance of dyspnea (shortness of breath) and cyanosis (blueness of skin) idthin 20 minutes of the inhalation of the fumes, 69. FATAL POISONING IN ACETYLENE V,'ELDING (DISSONS GAS) , R, Maori eke* Arbeitsschutz (Rcichcar'citsblatt III), pp. 283-285 (1956). Two workers became ill after welding for 10 minutes in a large boiler with a snail opening, and one died v/ithin n few hours of lung edema and other com plications. Experiments under similar conditions showed that dangerous quantities of nitrogen tetroxide were produced. Phosphine end other sub stances were eliminated as possibilities. 70. ACUTE FLUORINE POISONING. Rohol: . Touts eh. 2tschr. f. d. -cs, gcrichtl# Ned., 27, pp. 17-i-lSS (193C) The author reviev.-s 112 cases of fluorine poisoning with 60 deaths, mostly suicides cr eases of mistake- Gaseous compounds .re produced in superphos phate, aluminum, gas, enamel and chemical compounds; and fluorine compounds must have played a part ir. the .'eg catastrophe in Belgium, in 1930* The symp toms arc cute irritation of the stomach ard intestines, tetany-like cramps ar.d paralysis* 71. RESEARCH IN LIGHT IETAL DAI/AGE TO EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS. G, Gcrlach. Bruns. Bcitr. x. klin. Chir., 160, pp. 430-436 (1936). Needles cf various metals, pointed at both ends, were sunk into the liver and musculation of animals. Metals v.-ith a high percentage of magnesium have -a damacino action resembling microscopic cuts. The author attributes the ef fects to the reaction between magnesium and v/atcr, liberating hydrogen in buttles throughout the tissues, 7/hich breaks down and servos as a favorablo medium, for infection. 0311*7744 HUBB-00B7818 Rcfcrcncos to Recent Literature - 4 72. COMPARATIVE HISTOLOGICAL AND QUANTITATIVE SPSCTROGRAFHIC STUDIES IK EXPERI MENTAL MERCURY POISONING. R. duller :.-.d X. Schcir.cr. Arch, expt. Path. Fharmakcl, 180, pc. 716-73C (P936). There is no correlation between the degree of damage to the intestinal mucosa of guinea pigs by mercury salts and its mercury content. The same is true in the Sidneys when they arc affected. 73. RESEARCHES ON THE TREATMENT Or HYDROCYANIC ACID POISONING Cft-'SED BY INHALATION 7i, 7,`irth. Arch. f. exper. Path. Pham*, 175, pp 558-902 (1935). The study of hydrocyanic acid poisoning has become highly important on ac count of its increased technical use. The author has investigated 60 sub stances and mixtures to determine hovr far they can reduce the effect of hydrocyanic acid poisoning. The animals used - cats, rabbits, rats, mice and pigeons - were first poisoned until the respiration ceased while the heart continued to function, then put into chambers in which the various substances were introduced in vaporized form. Sodium carbonate was found the most effective of the substances used. Its ffcct was confirmed by ex % periments ck the isolate frog's heart. A characteristic fall of pK in rabbits treated with hydrocyanic acid was 0 followed by or. opposing rise when grape sugar and methylene blue were ad ministered. No good results were found in experiments with substances pro ducing mcthomogxcbin. These extensive investigations show that the great est reserve must be held regarding therapeutic measures for severe hydro cyanic poisoning. Only under particularly favorable conditions can suf ficient of the poison be neutralized to save life. 74. METKEHGGLOEIK /JXNIA AFTER ETHYLENE NITRITE POISONING. K. ... Scggcl. Dcutsch. ,urch. f. kiln. Ned., 179, pp 353-361 (1936). Four 'workers who had breathed ethylene nitrite showed chocolate-brown-violet discoloration of the skin and r.uccus membrane, and a mcthcmoglobin anemia. In all the color decreased markedly after a few days, and they were well in 10 days, 75. LSTHYLENE BLIT THERAPY IN NOTRCEENZEIT POISONING. h\ D. Lcinoff. Now Eng land J, Med., 215, pp 191-193 (July 30, 1536) k'cth'icr.c blue, an antidote for nitrobenzene or cyanide poisoning, was ad ministered intravenously to a man with an extremely cyanotic ar.d dyspncic condition, characteristic of either of those poisons. Nitrobenzene was re covered from g'stric washings, and recovery was startling in rapidity, A brief discuss: or. of the use of methylene blue is included. 76. T-T NANSFELD ?NE'JMCCONIOSES ON T::L BASIS OF FArHOLO&ICAL-ANATOLIICAL RESEARCH. J. V: e;cr.. Nova acta Leopoldira, 3, pp 477-592 (1936). Pneumoconiosis has beer, studied in this locality with unusual thoroughness, and a number of capers have been published dealing especially with anatomical ar.d pathological aspects. The present paper combines all the material col lected, which is based or. 119 autopsies of pncumoeoniotic eases. Only a few points car. be mentioned here*. The dust of copper schist is black r.s a result of its bituminous content and this color is what appoars in the lungs. The r.cst severe forms occur without tubercular complications. Softening and cavity formation .Iso occur without tuberculosis, evidently more often than with cth.r dusts. This softening leads to dust mobilization and therewith to a progression 0." the process after cessation of exposure. The liansfcld pneumoconiosis is undoubtedly a silicosisj it has one peculiarity - cavity formation. This paper is considered one of the most valuable publications on silicosis. 03117745 References to Recent Literature - 5 HMBB-0007819 / w SJ 77, TIE PHYSIOLOGIC:!, RESPONSE r'F PERITONEAL TISSUE TO CERTAIN INDUSTRIAL AND PURE NIN1.RAL DUSTS. J, V'. Tiller and R. R. Sayers. U. S. Pub. Health Repts., 51. pp. 1677-1689 (Dee. 0, 1936). 'Various dusts mere injected into the peritoneum of guinea pigs. The response to each particular dust v:as constant in ell the animals examined, and could be classified as an absorptive, prolifcr'tivc or inert reaction. In the absorptive reaction, the injected dust disappeared from the peritoneal cavity without the producti'r. of scar tissue. This reaction is giver, by calcitc, limestone, precipitated chalk, gypsum and comcnt. Interpretation of this reaction is difficult, cut it appears logical that dusts which tend to remain in the tissues should be considered potentially harmful, although not as dangerous as these causing a proliferative reaction. In the proliferative reaction the ncdulcs produced by the dust continually increase in size. Quartz, tripoli raid siliceous chort (forms of free silica) produce this reaction, which corresponds, therefore, to lung fibrosis and is produced by the same substances. In th.. inert reaction, giv.n by anthracite and bituminous coal, precipitator ash, soapstone, talc, asbestos, feldspar, silicon carbide, hematite, c !cium phosphate and sonicate, th* amount of injected dust remained the some in the peritoneal cavity, but the nodules become more flattened and fine dust par ticles are carried over extensive areas by phagocytes. With this biological method of classification, which, in a number of instances, has been correlated with clinical observations and industrial surveys, it is quite possible to use ir.trapcritoncal injection methods to determine the pneumoconiotic potentialities of a dust in a relatively short tine, usue.lly 60 days. 76. TIE PiEE'OC'T.IOSES I'' SOUTH ' ALES. S. L. Cummins. J. Hyg* Comb., 36, pp. 547-5;"C (Oct,, 1936). *' In the South Wales coalfield, many eases cf lung disca.se arc ound 'which cannot be classified .as silicosis, -r.d arc not compensable under present leave. The author describes som of these conditions and attempts to classify the pneumoconioses into four types: (1) silicosis and asbestosis; (2) sili- co--anthraccsis :n.J silico-sidcrcsis; (3) anthracosis of coal trimmers and scrccncrs, raid (4) fibrctic aggregations of inert dust occasionally present in all types, .specially in silico-ar.thracosis. Ir. all types there arc ap pearances sug;;cctinj_ damage to oho clastic structure of the lung, which may be rclrtcd to th; emphysema (inflation of lung tissue) and dyspnea (short ness of breath) often found. Th*. emphysema is not necessarily a compensa tory effect -f fibrosis as it cftcr. occurs with vary little fibrosis. Bron chitis :a cor.nnn, probably as a result, r'thcr than a cause of pneumoconiosis. The amount o' fibrosis .ad luu dan:, "c ir. South '.'ales pneumoconioses varies directly v:ith th- intensity and duration of exposure tc siliceous dust, as cxpr-cr:! in ;h'. silica c.ntcnt of the dried lur..o. 79. PAXNOLC-CY Or Til. FNEULOCCNieSES. I.. I*, -`ardnor, N. Y. State J, Led., 36, pp. 1377-13"! (Cat., l?3e) This jaror is a brief summary of .he anatomic changes produced by inhaled silica an: other dusts and the complications due to infection. Simple sil icosis, when manifested by uniform modulation, docs not produce symptoms or incap .citato : or vxr':. A pars n with this typo of reaction nay continue va:r.:inu, but sov re dust exposure should be avoided and yearly x-ray exam inations should be made. Hova v r, if there arc massive areas of conglom erate fibrosis, usually associated with discrete nodulation, the patient will nave dyspn-a end limited capacity to work. He should bej given lighter jobs, not diear ryi. No person with open tuberculosis should be allowed to work ir. silica dust. Persons over forty with well-healed adult tubcrculcsis can be saf:ly employed where there is a silica hazard, provided means arc taker, to minimize it, but the younger the individual with a similar con- H O Rofcrcncos to Recent Litcraturo - 6 HWB8-0007820 dition, the less safely can he be exposed to silica dust* A young employee with silico-tubcrculosis should be given sanatorium treatment, 80, ASBESTOSIS: A ROENTGENOLOGIC REVIEW OF 71 CASES. H. R. Shull, Radiology, 27, pp. 279-292 (Sept., 19d6). A study of 71 casc3 of acbostosis is presented, with emphasis on roentgen ologic appearances, The eases were classified as to the stato of progression of the disease, which varied roughly with the length of exposure. Tubercu losis was found in about 12# of the eases, nor- frequently in the more advanced type. The author tabulates ton radiographic findings characteristic of asbestosis, arid ooneludcs that "while the reentgonogran is tho most reliable diagnostic aid, the interpretation and correlation with clinical signs and symptoms is often difficult. Without the history of oxpesure a certain number ef slightly advanced eases will not be rcoognizod," that "a fair per centage of the slightly advanced ar.d nedorately advcncod eases do tond to improvo and the attendant disabilities to become lessened whon removed from. as bestos dust," that "asbestosis docs not predispose te tuberculosis" and that from his obsorv-tions asbestosis is net a progressive disease, 81. THE DIFFEIlENTTAL DIAGNOSIS OF SILICOSIS FROM OTHER PULMONARY DISEASE. G, G, Omstoin, N, Y, State J, Med,, 36, pp 1382-1385 (Oct,, 1936) The author challenges the generaT^belief th.-.t tuberculosis is more common in silicotic subjoots and that that infection is the most common oausc of their death. He bcliorcs that many of tho losicr.s which are diagnosed as silico-tuberoulosis in the roentgenogram arc actually conglomerate nanifestatiens of silicosis oecauso of the absence ef tubercle bacilli in the sput um and because the infection manifests itself so late in the ooursc of the silicosis, H criticized the existing ovidcnce for this belief in the case f the Barro granite cutters, the Richer lead end zinc minors and the N, Y, City reek drillers and points out that there may have been errors in diag nosis. Ho calls attention to possible errors ir. diagnosis and points out that "reported incidence of tuberculosis is too lav (1*8 to 5#) to be com patible with the statement that "most silicotics dio of pulmonary tuberculosis, 82, CLINICAL FEATURES AND SIGNIFICANCE OF SILICOSIS. A. J. Lanza. N. Y, State J. Med,, 36, pp. 139C-1388 (Oct., 1936). Diagnosis of silicosis depends upon a characteristic roentgenogram, of the chest, a history of exposure to silica dust and a physical examination. Where the silica hazard is severe, the author believes that "more or less complete disability may develop from the resulting fibrosis without a com plicating infeoticn* The silicosis seer, in American industry today rarely disables without superimposed infection. Silicotic patients with active tu berculosis must stop work," Lanza would advise the non with definite sili cosis to avoid further exposure and thereby "hold his disease in oheek." He believes that if the employer takes measures to reduce the dust hazard the silicotio may remain at his regular work, 83. RESEARCH ON THE SILICA CONTENT Of THE 3L0CD OF RAEBITS AFTER PROLONGED INHAL ATION OF QUARTZ DUST. M, Schonfelder. Arch. f. Hyg,, 117, pp, 44-52 (Oct*, 1S3G). ------ . Two rabbits were fed potassium alvcinum. silicate orntair.ing 20# silica, once a month for a year (quantity not given). The blood analyses at the end of this treatment indicated 1.6? silica, against contents of 2,3 to 3.9# in rabbits exposed daily fer 9 months to 2,5 years. The two rabbits wore then infested with tubercle bacilli. Six to eight weeks later the silica oontent ronair.od the same, and the animals apparently had recovered from tuberoulesis. The results again bring up the question of this type of thorapy as an aid in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. 03117747 HHBB-B007821 References to Recent Literature - 7 84. PSEUDO7*15ZRCUL0N-- SILICOTICUL. K. C, Eden and J, Herbert-Bums. Brit* J, Surgery, 24, pp. 346-349 (Oct., 1936). A nodule was found in the arm of a young girl who had fallen on a flinty road. Sixteen years later the nodule was removed and found to have a microscopic appearance exactly like that of a tuberculoma, with clxtnps of giant cells, but no caseation or tubercle bacilli. Many doubly refracting crystalline particles wore seen under a high magnification, 85. TIE RESPONSE OF THE RRBBIT'S CAROTID ARTERY TO INJURIES: Pt, 2. THE EFFECTS OF INJECTION 0? STREPTOCOCCUS VTRID-'-US AND OF SILICA. E. M. Ramsey and D. Tv. Gaiscr. Yale J. Biol, and Ned., 9_, pp. 43-44 (Oct., 1936). A heavy suspension of finely divided sterile silica in stcrilo normal saline was injected, into the ligated carotid arteries of 9 rabbits, which were killed at the end of various periods. Detailed appearances are given, indicating considerable drmage to the tissues. 86. SILICOSIS ._D TUBERCULOSIS. F, Capelli, Ned. del Lav,, 7, pp. 289-302 (Oct., 1936). The author discusses the mechanism of the development df true silicosis, and of infections associated with it especially tuberculosis. The prognosis (expectation of results) of'tuberculosis complicated with silicosis is less favorable than silicosis of the same degree. Eight cases are described, 87. FIRST REPORT ON' AN INQUIRY INTO AFFECTIONS OF TIE: AIR PASSAGES ALONG COAL MINERS IN H0LLAI3. Vossenaar and Doubrow. Bull. Acad. Ned., 115, pp. 300 305 (1936). Observations were made on 600 miners, all employed over 10 years, to determine the extent of injury from dust. Only one was found with fibrosis of the lungs, although 14 oases of respiratory troubles were included. The conclusionsdravn are that the dust of the mines does not originate pulmonary fibrosis; no relation oxists between exposure to the dust and the appearance of x-ray shadows; similar shadows may be met with in ordinary cases of tuberculosis; any infectious :.gent - but particularly tubercle bacilli in the cases of those exposed to dusts may cause chronic troubles; hence industrial dusts are unhealthy factors. In the discussion vfcich followed the usual French doubt is expressed as to the existence of any clincal entity to be known as silicosis, and advice is tendered to the Government not to ratify the International Convention listing silicosis as an industrial disease. 88. TIE COLLECTION .`AID ANALYSTS OF AIR-BORNE BUST DURING TIE DRIVING OF HARD HN.ANNUS. J, I. Graham and F. Lawrence. Trans. Inst. Ming, Engrs. Lond,, 92, pp. 1-11 (Oct., 1936). The paper dcscribos investigations of the average quantity of free silica suspended ir. hard headings and other underground places where mining opera tions arc carried on in hard rock. Sufficient dust for analytical determina tions was collected by means of a "sugar tube" method, modiflod by replacing the r-ugar by potassium nitrate. Several hundred cubic foot of air wero usually necessary for a sample. The felspathic material plus silica was first determined; the silica was then extracted, the feldspar determined, and the free silica then estimated by difference, with a correction for silica lost during analysis. The free silica contents ranged up to 44/. The quantities were determined as grains p.r cubic foot, but by use of estimated particle sices, the results were converted into number of particlos per cubic centimeter. A concentration of 15 grains per ec, corresponds to the safe limits as determined in South Africa, 7/hcnovor precautionary measures were talxn, whether wet drilling with adequate ventilation or the use of the Hay dust-trap, the dust present was well below that figuro, 03117748 Roforoncos to Recent Literature - 8 HW8B-0007822 THE INDUSTRIAL ASPECTS OF DISPERSE SYS TEES IK AI R AM) GASES. R. Lessing. Trans. Faraday Soc., 32, pp. 1223-1233 (1936). A general introductory paper on a symposium on the industrial aspects of aerosols, held by-the Faraday Society last summer. It presents a review of present knowledge of dust, smoke, fog, flue gases, mining dusts, and methods used in separating these aorosols fran air. It also points out directions in which future work should be carried out. 90. modein :xthcds of detection and determination of industrial gases in the AHIOSPHLRE. E. Lcclcrc and R. Haut, Rev. univcrscllc mines., 12_, pp. 293-298 (1936). _ Methods of detection of various gaseous impurities in air arc roviewed. 92. GRAIN ITCH. red. du Travail, 8, pp. 90-113 (1936). Grain itch has been declared a compensable discaso in a French court. Dock laborers handling grain cargoes arc especially exposed to it. Some men become inured to exposure, but others develop a sensitivity that may manifest itself asurticaria or asthma; immunity, however, is the exception. The exciting agent is a very small parasitic insect, the life history of which is given. Prevention lies in freedom from exposure to infection. Disinfection of die grain is difficult. 92. CALCIUr :X.TA30LISr :a:D TIIERAPY IN DEKLITOLCGY. 2. S. Lain. Southern A'cd. J., 29, pp, 626 (1936), The author finds that many so-called industrial dermatoses respond satisfactor ily to calcium thiosulfate or gluconate solutions administered intravenously, supplemented with suitable doses of calcium gluconate or lactate taken in wator. The danger involved in intravenous administration is stressod and suitable dosos and technic arc formulated. 93. OBSERVATION ON INDUSTRIAL DERMATOLOGY. K. R. Foerstcr. J. A. II. A., 107, ' r pp. 247-252 (July 25, 1S36), A general sunman' of the subjoct, describing compensation lav/s in the differ ent states and the advantages and disadvantages of different types of such lews. Several groups of skin diseases arc discussod. The author urges cooperation of dermatologists v/ith industry and legislative bodies. 94. CHLMIC..L BURNS CF T.X LYE, 0. YC. Moss. New Orleans .Med. Surg. J., 89, pp. 302-3C6 (Dec., 1936). Copious irrigations with water arc considered better than attempts at chcr.lcal neutralization. After irrigation, however, alkali burns should bo neutralized with 1 J acetic acid, and acid bums by 5-10? bicarbonate of soda* Glyceritc of tannic rcid is also useful for alkali bums, and a neutral solution of ammonium tartrate is of value in clearing corneal opacities after 1 Currie, 95. I'XUS TRIAL EYM INJURIES ALiD THEIR PREVENTION. J, "inton. Brit.J.Ophthal., 20, pp, 673-662 (Dec., 1336), The Royal Lye Hospital is in a highly industrialized section of London. ..bout 5510 patients out ef 108C0 in the casualty d partment in 1935 had suffer ed industrial eye injuries. The ratio was the seme in the first half of 1936, About h'lf of these patients were emery wheel workers, and 30% more were engaged in turning, boring, soldering, drilling, welding, etc. The common types of eye injury arc described and statistics arc given. The high frequency of such rccidcr.ts is due to lack of safety measures and indifference among the men. Safety devices arc described# ' 03117749 NWBB-B007823 O- "5? References to Recent Literature - 9 9C. A I-B? EYE" SHIELD FOR USE IV INDUSTRY. C. G. K. Sharp. Brit. J, Oohthal., 20, p. 683 (Dec., 1936). ` ^Tis shield has a flexible head band to which is attached a metal plate with a double ball and socket joint. On the end of this is a metal frame carry ing laminated glass (for nir.crs) or mica ~r gauze for other trades. As this fror.c stands out from the head, there is plenty of space for ventilation and it car. be turned up when not in use or removed and put in a pocket. 97. FACTORS AFFECTING THE CONDITION OF MINE AIR. PROBLEMS RISING OUT OF TEMPERATURE AID HUMIDITY IN DEEP MINING ON THE WITffATERSRAHD# F, J. Tronp and J. P Duminy. J. Chen. Met, Min# Soc. So. Africa, 37, pp. 80-93 ?Aug., 1936). A mathematical paper demonstrating that the final temperature of air humidified at the bottom ef a dry shaft is the same as that of air humidified on the waydown to the bottom of a wet shaft. The same amount of moisture is introduced in both cases. This confirms Tror.p* s theory as given in an c&rler paper. 98. AIR FILTERS IN AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEMS, F. B, Rowley. Kefrig, Engin., 32, pp. 322-326 (Ncv., 1936). The author has compared both dry and viscous filters, using the standard A.S.H.V.E, procedure. Carbon black ar.d ash were used in one series and lycopodium powder in another. One test demonstrates the longer lifo of a filter whose air passages become progressively smaller in the direction of air flow, as compared with a uniform filter. Several other tests show the higher dust-arresting power of a viscous or cil-coatcd filter having the same resist&nco as a similar dry filter. Lycopodium, typical -f pollens, is oasily filtered from the air. 99. FAN SELECTION AND 1I0!,ENCLATURE. A. A. Bcrcstncff. Refrigerating Engin,, 32, pp. 175-179 (1936), -- This article is informative and valuable, not so much on the choice of fans as ir. clearing the nomenclature of fan engineering. It goes a long way in clearing up much of the confusion in the conception of static pressuro at the inlet end outlet of a fen, 100. THE MORBID MINER, D, E, Dickson, Edinburgh Med, J., 43, pp# 696-705 (Nov*, 1936), -- Reports on miners* hoalth in Scotland show a sickness rate among miners, equal to twice that of all other males in Scotland, The author, a medical practitioner in a mining town, seeks an explanation, end discusses various pessiblo factors. He concludes that the root of the trouble lies in tho rapid development of machine mining within the past 20 years. Machine-mining is accompanied by a spoeiing up cf production, and tho individual becomes just a ccg in the wheel and has to keep up with the pace set by the machinery* Miners complain about this pressure cf work. Tho feeling is not one of aotive discontent with conditions of work, but of passivo dissatisfaction, almost going as far as being a repression. The m.er. have not tho same pleasure in their work as formerly, anc they would, giver, ar. opportunity, stop work at a day's notice, simply for the sake of net having to go down the pit under present conditions T..c cavre apTcr.Vc be tint. they are driven harder under present conditions; it is net a question cf wages# 0311^5 References to Recont Literature 10 HWBB-0007824 o\y n F3 ioi* disabling illness among industrial eitloyees irr 1935 as compared with EARLIER YEARS. D, K, Brundage, U, S. Pub. Health Service, B.-1700, pp. 11 (nimoographed) 1936, Kxo annual nunbor of oases of sickness and nonindustrial aecidente lasting 8 days or longer was "ighcr in 1935 than in 1933 or 1934 but lowor than for 1930, 1931 or 1932# Diseases of the circulatory system were more frequent in 1935 than in the preceding 5 year period. Influenza was more frequent in 1935 than in 1934, but less so than in tho average for the five years. Other diseases charged but slightly. (The author*s summary does not give percentages for tho above). In female workers, nonindustrial accidents and casos of sickness decreased *y about 2#. . 102. SICKNESS ALONG MALE INDUSTRIAL EMPLOYEES HIRING THE SECOND QUARTER AND THE FIRST HALF OF 1936. D. K. Brundago. U, S. Pub. Health Repte., 51, pp, 1675 1677 (Dec. 4, 1936), This report gives statistics for the first half and seooud quarter of 1936, similar to the preceding abstract. For all respiratory disoasos the rate for tho second quarter was 2"& highor than in 1935* Pneumonia increased 4#, and non-respiratory disoasos increased 1,7$. A downward trend in new cases of tuberculosis 7/as noted. 103. A STUDY OF TUBERCULOSIS DEATHS IN SILVER BOW COUNTY, MONTANA, AND OF OTHER IMPORTANT CAUSES OF DEATHS IN MINERS. J. H. Crouch. Am. Rev. Tuberculosis, 33, pp, 396-403 (1936), Tn this locality tho mortality rat fer tuberoulosis crior.g oepper miners ' was 755 per 100,000 over a period of 15 years, against 180 for other adult males, 43 for females and 19 for all under age 20, The effect of iiJ# industry is emphasized by comparison with similar rates for Indians, whieh were 530 per 100,000 for males, 592 for females and 537 for juveniles. The mortality rates among minors for accidents and for acute respiratory disease is also very high. The tuberculosis rate has declined approximately 50# during the 15 years under review, (The abstractor notes that no informa tion on dust exposure is given, but that thore con be little deubt that the high tuberculosis mortality represents occupational silicesie), 104. INVESTIGATION 0? TIE LIKE PALS THAT CAUSE SILICOSIS. B. Gossner. Sprcchsaal 69, pp. 601-602, 616-617 (1936). A study of dusts and silicosis was made in soveral porcelain factories, with special attention, to the question whether sericito is a cause of silioesis, as propounded by Jones. Chemical analyses of raw materials and products were made, Microscopic examinations and x-ray powder spoctra are inadequate. The analyses in one factory where silicosis occurred showed no mica in any fom, including soricite. Or. the other hand, the d-ust in two coal nines was found to originato from a calcareous sandstone containing considerable muscovite. However, the workers were free of silicosis. The author concludes the mica is not tho deleterious material. Another factor in the causation of silicosis is the presenoe or absonce of basic material. In the sandstone quarries in France and the Palatinate, where quartz and. kaolin arc abundant, silicosis is widespread. While it is rare in coal nines where tho dust has similar composition. The author attributes the difforer.ee to the presence of line in the mines, and similarly aocmints for the absence of silicosis in basalt quarries and its rarity among granite workers (which does not cheek with American experience). He says: ' retardation of the effect of free silica by a base is not a meohanieal .-..`tior. but prevents the chemical combination *f the silica with the lung tissue, Mineralogy shows that silica is easily displaced from combination. In the same way, the presence of & base would prevent this combination from tak ing place," The question whether alumina has similar retarding effeot is then discussed, and the authors answer is that the prevalence of silioosis in potteries where the alumina content of raw materials is high shows that it has not. 03117751 '/ t--1 0 0 o* HWBB-0007813 `il 7=H -5^ JL % HWBB-0007814