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Distribution on last page
10 SS&I1ILL UHTd LIOMBY
B, I. DU PORT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY FABRICS A3RD FINISHES DEPARTMENT CHEMICAL DIVISION
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PARLIN LABORATORY
CLASS A-I APPLIED RESEARCH REPORT NO, 998 PROJECT J-1019
SUBJECT? IMPROVED 'DUCQ" FURNITURE FINISHES
DATE ISSUED? August 25, 1950 Pe r io d c o v er e d ? 11/19to
H/e/fa
PREVIOUS REPORTS ON SAME SUBJECT? NONE NOTEBOOKS? 2183, 2213, 2232
PREPARED BY? 0
APPROVED BY? C* J,, WELZ
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f
!
Introduction Objective Summary and Conclusion Action Taken Patents Experimental
' sss
1 1 1 2 2. 2
A. Furniture lacquer Formulation
1. Type E 2. Bard Gums 3. Miscellaneous Plasticizers 4* Alkyd Resin Plasticizers 5 Raw Material. Costs vs Appearance,
Quality and Working Properties 6, Types F, G, and B Furniture "Dueos" 7. Rating Chart for Old and New Types
of Furniture "Duco" 8* Solids versus Spraying Viscosity
B Adhesion of Furniture "Duco" Topcoats
1* Flats 2. Role of Aluminum Stearate Relative
to Adhesion Blooming, Rate of Set-up and Shelf Life 3. Tolerance of Various Ingredients for Aluminum Stearate 4. Abandonment of Aluminum Stearate as a Flatting Agent in Favor of the In organic Type; i.e., Sant cel "0"
2 9
Appendix Alkyd Study Chart
13
:
DUP030001278
As was true -with every other manufacturer of finishing materials, at the end of VoM War II, considerable effort was required to bring pre-war products up-to-date and to remedy
quality deficiencies as they appeared*, When work was initiated on this project, none of the nine different types of furniture "Duco" in our line embraced a balance of properties which equaled . the best competitive topcoats appearing on the postwar market*. I'hls was particularly true for certain portions of the radio cabinet business for which no one of our formulas combined the desired resistance to cold checking, with easy processing, good
clarity and a high degree of print resistance. Project J-1019, Parts i, II, and III, provided funds for work aimed at remedying this situation*.
OBJECTIVE
To formulate "Duco" topcoats affording a superior com promise between durability, appearance, ease of processing, and
COStp ;
I^a k d ^g o w c l u s io ms
In order to improve our competitive position, it appeared
desirable (1) to establish a new line which would have a superior
balance of properties, and (2) to reduce the number of types of
furniture "Duco" offered for sale in order to simplify and keep
<
down costs
To attain these goals, it was necessary to develop new background information relative to what factors and ingredients govern appearance, clarity, processing, and durability. This en tailed a considerable study of raw materials including a number of tailor-made resins. Based on the new formulating practice evolved, it was possible to offer compositions equal or superior to competi tion and to propose operating on a basis of only three lines. These were? (1) a low.cost utility line. Type G; (2) a case goods line of good quality; e.g., Type F; and (3) a high quality line, Type "niHn for pianos, television sets, etc. These three lines are
based upon nitrocellulose, a cocoanut oil aXkyd resin (HL-233), a rosin-maleic hard gum, and plasticiser, flatted where necessary with a stable fitting agent; i,e., Santocel "C". The balance be tween the various properties can be altered by adjusting th ratio of these various Ingredients to meet the needs of specific situa tions. Due to the downward trend in prices of raw materials (1949),
DUP030001279
there was so little difference between the costs of Types UF" and 0 as to eliminate the latter from consideration# This permitted
offering only two lines - a good quality case goods line, Type MF'T, and a high quality piano line. Type "H"# This is an extremely simple basis upon which to operate#
The adoption of an aerogel-like Sant peel "C" in place of aluminum stearate as a flatting agent is a step of especial importance toward improving quality and reducing complaint hazards# Aluminum stearate has been shown to liberate stearic acid as the lacquer ages with resulting adverse effects upon intereoat adhesion under certain application conditions and possible serious bloom# Santocel "C" formulas are exceedingly stable and free from bloom#
At is believed that the original objectives of this study have been attained# With the background of new formulating Information now available, it should be possible to handle future problems on a Sales Service basis#
The following release letters were issued% 1# Parlin Laboratory Release Letter Ho# 350, July 22, 1948,
proposing Type F "Luco'V, 2# Parlin Laboratory Release Letter So# 365, September 1948,
proposing Type 0 "Duco"* On October 5, 1949, due to a reversal in the price trend of raw materials, Parlin Laboratory Supplementary Release Letter So# 365-A was issued proposing the withdrawal of Type G "Duco". 3# Parlin Laboratory Release Letter So# 394, April 8# 1949 and So. 394-A, October 7, 1949, proposing Type H "Duco"#
ussm
it is not believed that Type "FM or any of the composi tions developed during its formulation are patentable#
The experimental work carried out under this project may be divided into two main classifications? viz, a study Of the ingredients and factors Influencing the physical properties of furniture lacquers and secondly, a study of the factors in fluencing lacquer topcoat adhesion.
Since Type "En furniture lacquer at the start of this work appeared to combine all the desirable properties of a furni ture lacquer except ease of processing and rubbed clarity, the
DUP030001280
*** 3 **
following basic formula of Type "E" was studied with the view to retaining its desirable characteristics and improving the proper-* ties in which it was deficient.
t Nitrocellulose MQQ6 Soya Bean Oil Alkyd 45# Hydrogenated Castor Oil Alkyd Blown Castor Oil Raw Castor Oil
i^9m 42.4# 6.1 30*9
W.9 ~T3f%r
mus 10,0 1,4 7*3
3.5 1,4
is-
The first experiments were made replacing varying amounts of the alkyd resin in Type "E" with a hard gum and noting the effect on the physical properties <> The following gums were tried?
(l) Lewisoj. 33
(14) Beckacite UU
(2} Krumbhaar 4o4
(15) Beckaclte 1119
(3) Krumbhaar 444
(16) Arochem 520
(4) Amberol 801
(17) Arochem 523
(5) Amberol M-93*
(18) Arochem 545
(6) Amberol 8S/X*
(19) Lamar
(7) Pentalyn 0*
(20) Amber lac 898D
(8) Pentalyn M*
(21) Neville R-13
(9) Cellolyn 102
(22) Nevidene R-l*
(10) Cellolyn 103
(23) Vinylite ,rC"
(11) Ester Gum
(24) BakeUte 3m-3l80<
(12) Polypal Ester No, 1 (25) Beckacite U18
(13) Teglac 2-152
All of the resins except those marked with an asterisk, which were incompatible, improved the processing properties and final rubbed film clarity at some sacrifice in cold crack and print resistance, be higher melting point maleic modified resins, such as Lewtsol 335, Beckaclte 1111, Teglac 2-152 and KTumbhaar 4o4 yielded the maximum improvement in clarity and ease of processing combined with a minimum loss in cold crack resistance and printing*
DUP030001281
-4 -
Replacement of the alkyd resin by 10-4G# of hard res in seemed to be in the optimum range.
Of these four resins. Lewisoi 33 and Beckaclfce 11X1 were the beat and, therefore, were selected for detailed studies. Other resins were evaluated in other formulations containing the preferred alkyd and plasticizer, later in this study, as will be noted further on in the body of this report.
The nest ingredient scrutinized was the plasticizer. The following plasticizers were substituted for the castor oil combination in Type "E" on an equivalent plasticizing basis and also on a pound for pound basis.
Raw Castor Oil
Blown castor Oil Tricres y1 Phosphate Dlbutyl Phthalate DlOctyl Phthalate
Dibutyl Sebacats
ill Santlclzer #8 Baker's P-8 Oil Paraplex G-25 <Iff) Arochlor 1254
Paraplex 0-25 and Arochlor 1254 yielded hazy films. Of the remaining plasticizers evaluated, blown castor oil, tricresyl phosphate and dioctyl phthalate gave the best properties. Of these, blown castor oil was selected for further study.
The next ingredient studied was the alkyd resin. In this work, standard Company alkyds, "tailor-made" alkyds and com petitive resins were evaluated in the Type "E" basic formula on a pound for pound basis for the total alkyd.
The standard Company alkyds evaluated were:
;i) RL-255 \2\ RL-263 pi .Ra-212 4 ), RL-134 -
5J: RL-272 ,6) RL-233 7) PROP 81910
8 PROP 73786 9 ) PRC? 73763 10 ) PROP 73744 uf pr c p 68208
5556 Cast or 27# Castor 40# Soya Bean 40# Cottonseed 45# Hydrogens ted Gas t or 50# Cocoanut 30# Linseed 55# Linseed 33 3# Linseed 40# Linseed
f 39o5# Glycerol Triphthalate 57.2# Ethylene Glycol Phthalate 3.3# Ethylene Glycol
Bone of the linseed oil alkyds offered any promise, being hard to process and exhibiting poor clarity. The shorter oil lin seed alkyds also showed poor cold crack resistance.
Of the non-drying oil and semi-drying oil modified alkyds, two showed superiority over the others for ease of processtag And rubbed clarity at no sacrifice in durability or cold crack resis tance. They were the 50$ cocoanut oil alkyd (RL-233) and the 40#
DUP030001282
5
soya bean oil alkyd (RC-212) However, the latter showed blooming from the film on aging.
Based on these results, a study of "tailor-made" alkyds was undertaken in which (1) cocoanut oil and soya bean oil modi fied aIkyda of varying dll length were prepared by the Organic Section of this laboratory with part or all of the glycerol re placed by pentaerythritol and/or glycol and also with part of the phthalic anhydride replaced by adipic acid and (2) balanced formula alkyds were prepared from pure acids ranging in chain length from Cg (eaproie) to Ciq (stearic). .
The results of the evaluation of the above alkyds are given in the table at the end of this report. In general, the following conclusions were drawn; (1) For our purpose, the optimum oil length for a glycerol
phthalate cocoanut Oil modified alkyd is between 40 and 50 percent. (2) The use of pentaerythritol in place of the glycerol in the cocoanut oil alkyd gave an equal if not slightly superior combination of properties, (3) The use of glycol as a partial replacement for the pentaery thritol in a cocoanut oil alkyd also gave a lacquer with properties about equal to a straight glycerol cocoanut oil modified alkyd. (4) The use of adipic acid as a partial replacement for the phthalic anhydride in either a glycerol or pentaerythritol cocoanut oil alkyd impairs processing and clarity. (5) Balanced alkyds'Sgade from glycerol, phthalic anhydride and fatty acids varj/Jng in chain length from Cg (caproic) to Cx8 (stearic) were used as the resin component In lacquers. The evaluation of these indicated that oils containing high percentages of nftristic (0x4) and particularly palmitic (Ojg) and stearic (Cxs), bloom on aging; while below capryiic (Cgl In length; i.e.,^caproic, incompatibility is encountered. From these data also, it would appear that oils high in capric (Cxo) and particularly laurlc (C12) are the most desirable, since the ease of processing improves with in creasing chain length, with myriatlc being the top point, as blooming begins here.
DUP030001283
* 6 *
It contains, therefore, 6356 of the fatty acids found to be desirable In alkyds used in furniture lacquer, 28*5$ of acids which by themselves nay bloom but also which promote improved working properties and 8*5$ acids of unknown effect* This per haps explains the superior results obtained with a cocoanut oil modified alkyd*
The following competitive alkyds and plasticizing resins were examined as replacements for cocoanut oil alkyd alone and in conjunction with several hard resins*
(1) Glyptal #2*177, a 45$ castor oil modified alkyd. (2) Beckasol #1323, a medium short cocoanut oil modified
alkyd* (3) BJ-15408, a phenolic modified plasticizing resin. (4) -16580, described as a "0-9" type resin which is
claimed to act both as a hard and soft resin* None of the above resins, when submitted wholly or in
part for the alkyd either in our own formulas or when used in formulas supplied by their manufacturers, yielded lacquers with as desirable a combination of properties as is obtained with a 50$ cocoanut oil modified alkyd (RL-233) of our own manufacture*
The most promising of the hard maleic modified rosins, Lewisol 33 and Beckaclte 1111, were then re-evaluated in conjunc tion with RL-233
Other hard resins not previously evaluated such as BB-9367, Beckaclte 1120, Beckaclte 11X2, Ceilolyn 104, and a soft resin, Ceilolyn 95, were studied. According to the supplier, the latter is exceptionally resistant to change in color* None afforded a superior compromise between cost and properties to hewisol #33 or Beckaclte #1111*
Laboratory tests, augmented by processing, print and application tests, conducted in conjunction with representatives of the Roanoke and Chicago Field Service Laboratories, indicated , that the optimum ratio of hard resin to alkyd to be 30/70 with either Lewisol 33 or Beckaclte'1111. The resulting basic formula was designated as Type F Furniture "Duco"*
In order to improve our profit position under the then prevailing raw material market Situation, a study was made to develop a lower cost lacquer than Type "F" with a minimum sacrifice in quality from the Type "P,! level, setting the lower limits of quality at the level of type II (see rating chart) but with im proved color and print resistance* Using the formulating principles discussed above, it was found that this could be best accomplished by reducing the nitrocellulose content and increasing the amount of hard resin* Thirty-eight percent nitrocellulose was found to
DUP030001284
-7
be about the minimum without seriously impairing the processing and print resistance* Keeping the nitrocellulose at this level and increasing the amount of hard resin at the expense of the alkyd decreased final clarity, durability, print, scratch, and ultra-violet light resistance. She final compromise la repre sented by Type "G", the composition of which is given later in this report* Shis formula was finally abandoned in October 1949 because of a favorable downward trend in the prices of raw materlala. Should this situation change, it could be reinstated*
To provide a lacquer for the piano trade, with improved^ durability over Type "F", Type "H" was set up by the Sales Service Group* Again using the formulating principles discussed previously, the hard resin content was reduced and the aIkyd Increased propor tionately* This resulted in Type "H*, the composition of which is given later in this report*
Because the Initial field test with Type "F,r, represented by the formula J-16QOO-X-9410, showed this formula not to have a large factor of safety against bubbling when sprayed under adverse shop conditions, some work was done under the subject project to develop a means of determining the bubble resistance of a lacquer* A qualitative test was developed which may be described as fellowst
Apply the lacquer to large flat horizontal pane is with a DeVllbias MBC gun equipped with a #7Q4/FF cap and tip* Fluid pressure should be maintained at 15 psi and a pressure at the gun of 60 pal* Apply two coats in rapid succession and allow to dry
the dust-free stage in the spray booth with the exhaust fan on* It may be necessary to shorten this period of drying in the spray booth depending on the room temperature and air flow across the panel* By using controls consisting of one lacquer normally satisfactory in bubble resistance and one unsatisfactory, the proper drying time in the spray booth can be determined*
The results of the experimental work just described in which the various ingredients required for the formulation of a superior furniture lacquer were studied individually, indicated that In addition to nitrocellulose, such a formula should contain a hard, high melting point gum (such as a maleic modified ester gum), a non-drying oil alkyd resin, and a plasticizer* This is the composIfcion of Type "F' in which the preferred solid ingredients are combined as follows:
.
Nitrocellulose
Lewis ol 33
WU-233
Blown Castor Oil
z$ms& 42*5# ll*l 26*0
100*0#
10*0
2*6 6*1 4.8
M
'.'v
DUP030001285
8- -
As already discussed, under the then prevailing market (1949} for raw materials in which gum was much cheaper than nitrocellulose or alfcyd resin, a lower coat lacquer was formulated,. This lacquer was somewhat inferior to Type "F" in color, printing and cold crack resistance,, On the other hand, it was superior to Type II in resistance to color change and printing and equal to it in all other respectsDesignated as Type "G", this lacquer has the following solids composition!
ISSSedient
Nitrocellulose Lewis ol 33 RL-233 Blown Castor Oil
$*$!&
38,256 19.. 8
19=8 ^22|^
9iS
10 *0 5=2 5.2 5.8
To provide a piano lacquer equal or superior to "D", the ratio of the ingredients in Type "F" were adjusted by the Sales service Group as follows!
. &$$&
Nitrocellulose LewIsol 33 RL-233 Blown Castor Oil
42,556 3.8
33.1
%m:w
10.0
0.9 7.8 4*8
These three basic compositions compare to the nine types of lacquers formerly in our line as follows;
Scratch
Subbed Process - Dura - 4 hr . Ses is - Cold
tl2t Ola^ltX
bility Print tance . Crack
1 6.5 6.5 9.0 5.0 8,0 9-0
n 8.0 7.5 6.0 7.0 6.0 6.0
m 8.5 8.0 7.5 4.0 7.0 7.5
A 9.0 8.0 7.0 8.0 7,0 7.0
B 8.5 8.0 6.5 6.0 6,5 6.5
C
7.5 7.0
7.0 10.0 7.0 7.0
D 8.5 7.0 9.5 7.0 8,0 9.5
E 6.5 6.5 10.0 10,0 9.0 10.0
* F 8,5 8.0 8.0 9.0 7-5 8.0
G 8.0 7.5 6.5 8.0 6.5 6.5
H
8.5 8.0.
*3, , 8.0 8.0 9,5
WE 7.5 7.0 7.0#' 8.0 7.0 8,0
Color
6.0
5.5 7.5 8.0 5,5 8,0 8.0 9,5 8.5 8.5 8,5 6.0
Alcohol Water Resis- Seals-
$3S3&>
5.5 7.0
5.5 7.0 5.5 7,0 5.5 7.5 5,5 7.5 6.0 7.5 5.5 7.5 6.0 7.5 5.5 7.0 5.5 7.0
5.5 . 5.5 .
7.5 7.0
DUP030001286
K
~9
It Is evident that an. increase in clarity and ease of processing is attained by increasing the hard resin at the expense of the alkyd. This, however, impairs durability, cold crack and print resistance.
Type "F" can be formulated only at a maximum solids of 275j* with a spraying viscosity of 45-55" 7 cup due to a compati bility problem in the use of Levisol 33. Certain lots of the latter require so much aromatic hydrocarbon to maintain stability that a satisfactory sollds/viscoslty relationship cannot be main tained at solids appreciably higher than 27#. If higher solids; eg. 33-35# are required, either hot spray must be resorted to or some sacrifice in print resistance and processing accepted. Higher solids are achieved at the specified spraying viscosity by reducing the nitrocellulose content of Type "F". The following illustrates this.
zm$&%
1/8n Nitrocellulose Beckseite 1111 RL-233 Blown Castor Oil Raw Castor Oil
11.4 3.3 13.1 2.8 2.8
~WM
10.0 3.0
11.8
2.5 2.5
In the course of an investigation of a major complaint on erratic adhesion exhibited by 1688? (an aluminum stearate 85 sheen flat Type "E" lacquer), the Plant Service Group of this laboratory found that one batch of this lacquer varied consider
ably in rate of dry and in adhesion to 19380 Sealer depending on
the conditions of application. Experiments conducted by the Plant Service Group of this laboratory Indicated that the conditions of application such as spraying in hot humid weather yielded films with retarded dry and impaired adhesion. Further experiments indi cated that this variation in performance was probably due to a hydrolysis of the aluminum stearate, yielding free stearic acid, and that this reaction is promoted by heat, time and vehicle acidity with high acid alkyd resins definitely accelerating the hydrolysis. All these findings by the Plant Service Group were highly important and explained the deleterious effects of aluminum stearate.
Although subsequent work on the above-mentioned com plaint indicated definitely that the instability of 16887 wee not the source of the poor adhesion complained-of by the customer, experiments were undertaken to study this Weakness of Type "E* lacquer as represented by 16887.
DUP030001287
* 10 --
Pour types of Furaltme Cleans were consi&ered.
Nitrocellulose Rosin Maleate Hi Acid Alkyd Low Acid A3#d Plasticizer
JL 42,4#
*
37oO
'-
100,0#
42,4# 11,1
-
25,9
100,0#
42,4#
-.
37o0
ioo,Q#
III 31,7# 48.1 '
100.0#
These clears Here flatted with both aluminum stearate and Santocel "C", aged at an elevated temperature (120*P) and sprayed under conditions of high temperature an! high humidity using the batch of 1688? mentioned above as the contrdU
When all formulas were sprayed under conditions under which the 1688? control (i,,e., 70# R.Ho and 85*P, temperature) showed retarded dry, blooming and impaired adhesion, none of the Santocel "0" flatted lacquers were subnormal in these respects. In the case of the aluminum stearate flatted lacquers s impaired adhesion, retarded dry and blooming were obtained, being only slight with Type III, moderate with P and considerably worse with
E and Q Additional testa Indicated that P was more 'hearty like E and 0 and that III was better. However, increasing the aluminum Stearate in III made III as poor in these respects as E and 0,
It was suspected that the difference between III and the other types was probably due more to the fact that III contained a maleate modified rosin rather than to differences In acidity of the vehicles,
Stearic acid in an amount equal to the theoretical obtain* able from a complete hydrolysis bf the aluminum stearate contained in 1688? (4,4# stearic acid on the solids) was then added to the above clears, Type III again was the only lacquer not showing bad blooming, retarded dry and impaired adhesion. This indicated that Type III was more tolerant of stearic acid than the others under examination.
Experiments undertaken to determine the relative toler ance of the various types of lacquer for stearic acid yielded the following results. Minimum percent of stearic acid on the solids fori
(X) Initial Bloom:
Type III - 4# E - 2#
0 - 3# F * 2#
(2) Retarded Dry:
Type IIS E
'0 F.
*5*
3# It 3#
DUP030001288
-li
ft) Impaired Adhesion:
Type III
E 0 F
\ Since it was suspected that Type Ill's tolerance to
stearic acid was due to its containing a maleate rosin and no aikyd resin, further experiments were undertaken to determine
the effect of each of the nitrocellulose modifiers on the toler ance of a furniture lacquer to steario acid.
Type P was modified to contain;
(1) A solvent type plasticizer, tricresyl phosphate, in place of the blown castor oil,
(2) The n/C content reduced to equal that of Type III, replacing the N/C: first, with the resins used in Type P in the same proportion as contained in P; aid
Secondly, with only the rosin maleate component,
(3) Rosin maleate as 100$ of the resin component.
Controls consisted of Types E, F, and III and also Type Hi with blown castor oil substituted for the plasticizer (tricresyl phosphate/blown soya bean oil) in Type 111, To each of these clear lacquers, 4,4$ stearic acid on the solids was added.
The only lacquers not showing bloom and impaired adhe sion after an overnight dry were Type III, Type ill with blown castor oil in place of tricresyl phosphate/hlovn soya bean oil. Type P with all the resin component consisting of a rosin maleate, Type P with the nitrocellulose content reduced and the resin component consisting of a rosin maleate. All the others showed blooming, retarded dry and impaired adhesion.
Prom these results it appears that the reason Type III. is more tolerant of stearic acid than E, 0, and P is because it does not contain any aikyd resin but instead a rosin maleate. The use of solvent type plasticizers apparently does not Increase the tolerance of a lacquer for stearic acid. The type of aikyd
used also does not seem to have any effect on the tolerance, Neither does the percentage of nitrocellulose, at least within the range explored.
The following typical organic acids were added to Type F on the basis of 4.4$ on the solids:
Stearic la.uric Linseed Oil Acids Benzoic Adipib
'61 Sebacic 71 Phthallo ,8| Maleic 9) Riciadieie . (10) Carbollylic
DUP030001289
- 12 -
Stearic and carbo Hylic modified lacquers bloomed con siderably, maleic and adipic slightly, while the rest showed no bloom*
While these results did not point to an immediate solution in the development of a flatting agent which would not have the defects of aluminum stearate, they did indicate the possibility of further work along these lines to uncover a
otential flatting agent of the general type of aluminum stearate a metallic salt of a fatty acid}.
Considerable additional check experiments were conducted along the lines discussed above. The results Of this work con firmed the previous ones. Based on this information. Types F, 0, and H were offered as a clear and flatted with Sant ocel "C" rather than aluminum stearate*
They also can be flatted with RV-62, a flatting agent manufactured by B .BH, diapers ions . This is supposed t o be a cellulesic coated aluminum salt of a phenolic modified resin*
To sum up, aluminum stearate in flat lacquers hydrolyzes on aging, particularly in the presence of lacquer components of high acidity, and free stearic acid is released, in addition, applying the flatted lacquers under conditions of high temperature and humidity exaggerates the ill effects of free stearic acid* Some compositions are more tolerant of stearic acid in the film than others, AIkyd containing lacquers appear to have the least tolerance for free stearic acid, while those containing a high percentage of a modified resin are more tolerant.
The presence of free stearic acid in the film in quan tities greater than the tolerance of the film components for stearic acid causes blooming, retardation of the dry and impaired adhesion, Incidentally, while the addition of trlethanolamloe to a lacquer exhibiting these undesirable properties may not be practical, such an addition prevents blooming, poor dry, and im paired adhesion. The addition of free stearic acid to a clear lacquer reproduces the results of aging the same clear flatted with aluminum stearate.
CGM/il 8/25/50
wI
DUP030001290
- 13 -
?-
Altera Coda
1108-64
PRC-P-81910 73786
**:8
J.S06 210J-X33
..-64 1806
1806
U08-15J. 1808 1108-133 ] 1108-61
nos-64 1108-153 110S-154 lloe-155 1108-156 1108-152 1108-160 1108-162 1108-164
1108-166 1108-168 U06-170
110S-166 -168 -170
1108-158 -154 -162 -155 -153
type
Pl/glyool coconut ft oooonut PE/glyool oooonut Typa
PK/glycol oooonut Type x RL-233 {Type 0)
PE/glycol oooonut type O
dlyoerol linneed
typ *Glycarol/pH-E/glyo./pH, ex. glycol
FX^oooonut
n PE/glyeol/ocoonut Typo B Typo 0
Caprolo C taurlo O12 StoArlo Oig type.*
B-oooa Adipic Type E
pE/oooonut PE/gly.ool oooonut Typo 0
PC/gly00l/ooowut Palmitic 0x6 Caprlo O10 Kyrlatio OiU Olyosrcl/adipic/a0oonut Oapryllo Og PE/adipio/poopnut Laurio G\z Btaario uj.8 Typo 0
OlyOsrol^oooonut
Type 0
Glycerol^ooQonut
.
Typo 0
Oapryllo Og Caprlo O10 Laurio O12 Xyrietio Oik Palnltlo Cig Typ* 0
PX/glyool/oooonut
4629-71
.220
220 1108-1*4 220J-17
Type o
Aikyd roein 3,5*5 trimethyl hexanolo add Typo 0
1,2,5 tri-hydroxy pautana for 1/2 glycerol in RL-233 Typo 0
PC/oooonut
Typo 0 BBO/glyoerol RC-212 Hfc-233 SBO^glyoerol
2205-11 . -29/3.1
XlOSrlSL
cqktBxz 8/7/47 ^
~233
PB/glycol/SBO
1 RC-212 m-233
Hydrogenated cottanaeed oil
ALECD STOPS IM FURNITURE DtfgO
Prooaaa}&-.
50 50
s
m
50.0 50*0
25.0 40.0
0,0
10.0
25-0 40.0 55*0
45*0 Uo.o 50^0
25.0
&?
7-0 7-o
50.0
%S
25*0 40.0 50.0
Clarity
Print
P
r-5
7-0
.0
li*.5
l:i 1:8 I:!
e-5 8-5 6.0 .7-0
Cold Scratch Crack
10.0 10.0 10.0 10-0
10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0
7.0 8.0
u; 10.0
8.0
-- ...
10.0 10.0 10.0
-- 10.0
a. 1Q.0
- 10.0
10.0
10.0
*"
10.0 , 10.0
6.0 10.0 8.5 10.0
. --
10.0 10.0
10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
9.0 10.0 8.5 10.0 7*0 10.0 8.5 10.0
fc 10.0 10.0
3:1 10.0 10.0
9-0
8888*...0000 8.0
10.0 19.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
8.5 10.0
8.0 10.0
8,0 10.0
8.5 10.Q
6.5 8*5 8.0 10.0 7-0 8.5 7.0 10.0 7.0 10.0 7-0 8.5
8.5 8.5 8.0 8.5 8.0
10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0
10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10-0
10.0 .6.0 3.0 10.0 10.0
71.2
iaE11 Esa* j?2.8 fcf
2.25
Barlaa"V8. 2183-104
Raaftrica
71.8 6.6 2.25 183-116
71.2 83
6.6 2.25
2183-120 2183-128
72.0 70.8 70.2 h-z
61.4 61.3 60.5
22.4 13-7 12.8 6.6
10,8 18.8 12.7
5.7 8-7 9-0 2.25 * 2.4 0.7 0-5
2183-152 2183-148
72-0 71-2
* 22.4
6.6
5.7 2.25
2183-178 2183-182
2.25 2183-192
Incoopatibia
Milky fils f
Bad blooming
Bad blooming Bad blooming
69.9 6.0 28.0
a??:?
10.8 10.3
6.0 28.0 10.8 5.0 10.3 Co
11:1 l:l ii:l 6.0
12.0 13.5
2.6
9*0
80..93
6*5 10.8
7.3 0.9
70.0 22.5 3.2
2183-212 2183-224 2183-228
3183-232 2I83-2UO
Bad blooming
Bad blooming Bad blooming
2183-242
2183-844
Inooepatlble
58.1 36.5 0.75 2183-846
69.0 9.8 31.0 70.8 10.28 ~ T"-5
?o:o :! tM
818>-84'
'0.15 12.7 1.2 `*>.5 10.5 6.0
1,45 H-0 10.8
2183-252
gl83-30
Incompatible
DUP030001291
mmmm
Mr. R. E. Thomas, Newburgh
Mr. J. W. IUff, Philadelphia
Mr. J. Do Pickens, Flint
Dr. G. D. Graves Dr. J. D. McBuroey Mr. J. B. Bullitt
In turn, Wilmington
Mr. Matt Denning, Wilmington
Mr. H. J. Haon, Wilmington
Mr. p B. Cochran, Wilmington
Mr. J. D-Shiei?, Wilmington
Mr. L> G> Wise, Experimental Sta Wflaington
Mr. K. H. Priday, Wilmington
.
-
.
Mr. H. D? Priddyr ParUn