Document Lg571NN6kLOEG3zaYZXgZZe15
OO
AROCLOR - WILDLIFE PROBLEM
ROUGH DRAh r
' ot^T
Pollution of our environment by chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC) has long been a subject of great concern and much attention has been paid to the ecological factors Introduced by the wide spread agricultural usage of these chemicals for pest control.
When environmental samples are examined by gas chromatography using electron capture detection, peaks corresponding to CHC pesticides such as lindane, dleldrin, DDT and their metabolities and breakdown products appear.on the resultant chromatograms. In addition to these peaks residue analysts had been aware that it was not unusual for an additbn^serles of as many as 10 peaks corresponding to unidentified compounds^frtf^also appear on these chromatograms. Little was known of the structure and origin of these compounds except that they possessed gas chromatographic properties similar to CHC pesticides.
In about 1965, Roburn and co-workers established that these
unidentified materials were organo-chlorine In nature, with
substantial chlorine content and consequently possessed electron
capturing properties.
.
In December, 1966 Swedish researchers at the Unlvertslty of Stockholm (Jensen and Wldmark) announced that they had succeeded in Identifying a series of such peaks as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), specifically C14 - Clg, using gas chromatography -mass spectrometrlc techniques.
Initially pesticide analysts were concerned only about the Interference of these materials with the accurate measurement of pesticides such as DDT. However, It soon became evident that these materials were contributing to some of the long range ecological problems previously blamed totally on the chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticides. At this point any^nufflb^r* of workers began Investigating the ecological effects and distribution of
PLAINTIFF'S
exhibit
TRAN 023490
TT ^327-tud^
WATER PCB-SD0000042029
o 2-
O
polychlorlnate biphenyls. (See attached outline.)
It now becomes evident that the PCB problem and the CHC pesticide or DDT problem are nearly one and the same.
First* it can be said that there is no clear cut scientific evidence proving that the levels of CHC being found In our environment can cause a specific amount or kind of harm to human beings. The acute toxicity of these materials is quite clearly defined and documented and Is really not the major concern. The major concern Is the long range effects of these persistent materials* for It Is known that these materials can' and-de accumulate In Increasing quantities In adipose tissues. Moreover tests with experimental animals and experience with wild life In the field have shown that CHC can affect the reproductive systems of birds and that they are probably responsible for the severe decreases In the population of several species of birds of prey. The Immediate extrapolation of these affects to other forms of life Including human beings has been carried out orally but no scientifically. Here again, there is . no experimental evidence to back up this extrapolation.
Based upon the data we and other outside workers have generated
since our confirmation of the Swedish findings* analogous
statements can be made about the higher chlorinated biphenyls (CI5
and above).
'
The Information to date Indicates that we have a global pollution problem, at the moment restricted to aquatic areas because of the transport and concentration of marine Inhabitants mechanisms.
The levels of PCB. reported are considerably higher in Industrial areas than In the more remote areas so far examined. While the amounts being found (ppt, ppb, ppm) do no^jrepresent an acute toxicity problem they do represent long-range toxicity problems. Again* this Is because of the persistent refractory nature of the higher chlorinated biphenyls (CI5 and above) combined with their
proven ability to Interfere with the reproductive abilities of
'
-
1 riii i 11 1 mil............... ).--1
1, mi
11 1 1
- --
TRAN 023491
WATER PCB-SD0000042030
o
birds and the oral extrapolation of this affect to other forms
of 11fe(w1th the exception of certain sensitive species).
7'
Unfortunately the solutlon^fetT the problem will Initially
; Involve our withdrawal or Aroclor 1254 and 1260 from the market
! place. Followed by ^/concerted effort to prove that Aroclor 1242
I Is biodegradable./xIf we can prove that Aroclor 1242 Is bio
' degradable therj/wlth sufficient care the manufacture and use of
this materi aj/can continue. The clearance of Aroclor 1242 will
in turn clear materials such as 1221, 1232, etc. and possibly
even Aroplor 1248.
-
__
/. f/
..
In ortfer to Insure that there Is no misunderstanding. It should
be stressed that the probability of success of these studies Is on/the order of 75%. It could possibly be that the C14 - Cl9
PCB isomers being found are what is left after Aroclor 1242 has
/been biodegraded.
/I
'
`'
.
I So far, the Aroclor 5400 series have not been reported as
f environmental contaminants.
`
TRAN 023492
WATER PCB-SD0000042031
o o4- -
IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES
Analytically, the Identification and quantitative estimation of PCB Is not as clear cut as In the case of the CHC. Because of this, some comments about the.detection methods employed are In order.
I. Electron Capture/Gas Chromatog'raphy
-~
A. Fairly specific but not an absolute Identification
technique.
B. Extremely sensitive - detection limits In the nanogram range.
II. Mlcrocoulometer/Gas Chromatography A. Specific for halogens B. Sensitivity - detection limits In the microgram range
III. Mass Spectrometry/Gas Chromatography A, Identification absolute B. Sensitivity - detection limits In the microgram range
TRAN 023493
VL-.
WATER PCB-SD0000042032
PCB Found
Type
Amount
i
PCB PCB
80 ppm -
PCB PCB PCB 13g/kg PCB
PCB
A-1254 89 ppm
PCB
PCB <0.1 ppm
PCB 10-20 ppn PCB m
A-1242 34-99 ppm
Aroclor A-1260
m
A-1254 ppnm
Anal. Tech.
Matrix
iieo. Location of Matrix
GC/EC/MS GC/EC/MS
Sea Eagle Fish
Sweden Sweden
GC/EC/MS
Sea Birds
Sweden
GC/EC/MS
Human Fat
Sweden
EC/GC/MS -
Sea Eagle - Fish,Birds,
Stockholm England &
Seals,Air
Germany
& Humans
^Extraction,
Liver,fat & Brltain
Llq-solld
Eggs of birds i
Chro.GC/GLC
Seals & Fish
Liquid-solid
Chicken,eggs Britain
Chrom., GLC
& MS
`
Heron eggs
Tumby Wood-
side,Lines.
England
Human Fat
United Kgdm
- Aquatic Birds United Kgdm
Soxhlet extr., Seals &
Scotland &
partition,
, Porpoises
Canada
Llq-solld ch.,
GLC
Gold Fish
.
GLC GC/EC/MS
EC/ftGC
Fish Roach, Stndtlch tern Elder Sea Birds Sea Bird
Eggs
Anniston,Ala.
River Rhine Waddefl n Sea Caltlifornia
Who Where
Date
Wldmark U.of Stockholm
Jensen/ U.of Stockholm
Wldtl mark fl
U.of STockholm U.of Stockholm
Jensen Sweden
Chem.Eng.
-
News
12-29-66 12-29-66
12-29-66 12-29-69 1-10-67
-
Holmes, Lab of Gov't Simmons, Tantton Chemtilst,Londol
o/*-21-67
11-2-67
Richardson Shell Chem.
Slttlngbourne
It KenItI
/N
m.
Holden, Nature, Yol. Marsden 216
11-6-67
11-6-67 11-6-67 12-30-67
Newell Miller
Dept.of Agrl. 8 Environmental
Toxicology Anniston,Ala.
Koenman
UtrechNt,Neth;
n .n
1Rlsebtlrough U. of n Calif.
5-3-68
12-W46#19II 68
12-14-68) 12-14-68J
t*a
WATER PCB-SD0000042033
PCt lype.
A-1242
ound Amount
58 ppb
A-1242 0.20 i
A-1242 1.642
An&l. Tech. ; GC/EC
GC/EC
GC/EC
.
Phenochi or PCB
Fed2000ppm "low
amounts"
MS
Extraction .
GC/EC'
.'
Matrix Water
Sediment
Sediment
. Japanese Quail Fresh Water & Sea Water \
;eo. Location of Matrix
Anniston (Snow Creek) Anniston (Snow Creek) Anniston (Snow Creek,
1 blk down- stream) Rhine River & " Waden Sea Britain
Who Tucker Tucker Tucker
.Koeman, DeVos Holden
Where R&D Labs R&D Labs R&O Labs
*
Zelst & Utrecht Netherl arids PI tlochry
Fresh- Water
A-1242 A-1242
A-1242
0.862
10-100 ppb . 16.4ppm
EC/GC EC/GC .
EC/GC
A-1242 1.2ppb
EC/GC
A-1242 26.5 ug/ mJ to 56.5 ug/ m3
PCB to--^lOOppm
PCB (A-1.254)
ft
n
*w
ti
PCB
.
-< 50 > Z
2 ppm
8 ppm
200 ppm
-
EC/GC
MS G?
GC GC GC GC GC
Sludge
\ WGK
. Waste Water \ WGK
Sediment .
Waste Water Air Spies
*i V
Mississippi River(300`
. downstream from WGK)
WGK (Prod-. Dept.) Hartford, Conn.
Heron eggs &
Engl and
. oil
'
Human Fat
Britain
Human Fat
America
Heron Liver
Britain
Milk
Britain
Beef Fat
Britain
. AQuatlc Birds Britain
& Fish
Tucker i R&D Labs Tucker i R&D Labs . . .
Tucker '
'
R&O Labs
.
Tucker
R&D Labs *
. )
L.Press . State Hlth . . Dept, of Conn.
Richardson Shell Res.
. SIttlngbourne
Tatton
Monsanto,
London
.
Tatton . Monsanto,
London
Tatton
N
Tatton
N
Tatton
It
Ta>tton
It
2
Date 2-25-69 2-25-69 2-25-69
3-22-69 4-28-69
5-69w 5-69 5-69
5-65. 5-7-69
6-12-69 6-12 '9 6.-12-69 6-12-69 6-12-69 6-12-69 6-12-69
o
U
<0
Ul
WATER PCB-SD0000042034
` PCB a5tH2.
A-1242 A-1254 A-1254 ` A-1260 A-1260 A-1254 A-1254 .
und
Amount
Anil, te
746 ppm EC/GC
0.477 ppm !
0.078 ppm EC/GC
0.004 to. EC/GC
7.19ppm
16.9 to EC/GC
196.4ppm
5.62 to
EC/GC
14.5
81.9 to . EC/GC
2052ppm
41 ppJb
EC/GC &
extraction
0.5 ppb
II
A-1254 A-1254
12 ppm 76 ppm
tl * It
A-1254 A-1254
274 ppm 41 ppm
N 1
A-1254 ' A-1254
0.5 ppm 12 ppm *
VI .
/' n
A-1254 76 ppm
IV
A-1254
17*2 ppb
A-1254 . 270 ppb
A-1254 269 ppb
A-1254
133 ppb-
A-1254
1
H
>
It '
n
n
GC/EC
.
%
Matrix Bluegill &
Trout Water Water
Bluegill'& Trout
Water
Bluegill & Trout .
Envl ronmental,
n
* Fish
Flounder's
Liver
Water
Water
'
. Water
Water
\.
Fish
Water
.
Water Water Fish Water
.
-*o. Location of Matrix
Bio-Test
Who Tucker
Bio-Test Bio-Test
Tucker Tucker
Bio-Test
Tucker
Bio-Test
Tucker
Bio-Test
Tucker
Pensacola (Outfal1)
Hwy 90 Bridge
Dukes Dukes
Escambia Rvr Dukes Escambia Bay .. Dukes
* n n Dukes
Pensacola
Dukes
(Ou tfal1)
Pensacola
Dukbs
(Hwy 90 Bridge)
Pensacola
Dukes
(Mulat Bayou)
Pensacola
Dukes
(Escambia)
Pensacola(Bur. Tucker
of Fish)
N Tucker
. tl
Tucker
It Tucker
Lake Michigan VARF
-i
>JO
Z
o
M U>
<o o>
li
' -3
Where R&D Labs
uate 7-28-69
R&D Labs R&D Labs
. 7-28-69 7-28-69
R&D Labs
7-28-69
R&D Labs
7-28-69
R&D Labs
7-28-69
Bur. of Com'l
Industries .
US DEpt. of .
Interior
II
.*
n ..
8-8-69
8-8-W
8-8-69 8-8-69
UofW Florida : '8-13-69 N 8-13-69 ft ,8-13-69 ft * 8-13-69 H * 8-13-69
R&D Labs .
. 8-20-69
R&D Labs R&D Labs R&D Labs
W1sconsln
8-20W4 8-20-69 8-20-69
9-11-69
WATER PCB-SD0000042035
Piu Found
UK
Amount
Anal.
Matrix
A-1242
A-1242 A-1242 A-1242 A-1242
A-1248 A-1260 A-1242
A-1248 A-1260 A-1242
23.2 ppb!
2.361 8.1 ppb 5.8 ppb 78.0 ppb 3.62 ppm
3.68 ppm <2.0 ppb
527 ppm
211 ppm <2.0 ppb
GC/EC
GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC
GC-EC GC/EC
GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC
GC/EC GC/EC
Water
Sediment Water Water
Sediment
Sediment Sediment Water
Sediment Sediment Water
A-1248 A-1260 A-1242 A-1254
1.36 ppm GC/EC 1.88 ppm ' GC/EC<2.0 ppb GC/EC
4.7 ppb GC/EC
. Sediment
Sediment Water
* Water
A--1254 A-1254 A-1254 A-1254 PCB(C16)
A-1242 .
74.8 ppb 12.5 ppb 1.0 ppb 1.4 ppb t 9_ 00 ppm
1.0 ppb
GC/EC
-
GC/EC
GC/EC
GC/EC
Alumina Col.
Separation
EC/GC
Water Water Water Water Heron egg
w 'Water
A-1242 . ' 1.4 ppb A-1242 4.7 ppb
A-1242 74.8 ppb
EC/GC EC/GC EC/GC
Water Water Water
A-1242
A-1242 A-1242 A-1242 A-1242
12.5 ppb
470 ppb
2068 ppb 966 ppb 665 ppb
EC/GC
GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC
Water
Mud Mud Mud Mud
Geo. Location of Matrix
Who
Where
4'.
Date
Ann.(tSi now
Creek)
Tucker Tucker
R&D Labs R&D .Labs
10- 8-69 10- 8-69
Ann.(n Choccolosso) if *
Tucker Tucker
Tucker
R&D Labs R&D Labs R&D Labs
10. 8-69 10 -8-69
10 -8-69
.(JacIIkson
Shoals)Tucker Tucker
R&D Labs R&D Labs
- 10 -8-69 ' 10 -8-69
Ann.I(I City* If
Treat) *
Tucker Tucker Tucker
R&D Labs R&D Labs R&D Labs
10 -8-69 . 10 -8-69
10 -8-69
Ann.(Eureka BriItdge) H
Tucker
;
Tucker j Tucker '
R&D Labs
R&D Labs R&D Labs
10 -8-*9 i
' 10 -8-69 . .. 10 -8-69
Ann.(Dust Scrub) Tucker R&D Labs
10 -8-69
Pensacola
Tucker R&D Labs
. 10 -8-69
(Escambia)
"(East Ditch)
Tucker
R&D Labs
10 -8-69
"(Outfall)
Tucker R&D Labs
10 -8-69
"(WasteIt Water)
Tucker Tucker
R&D Labs R&D Labs
10 -8-69 . . 10 -8-69
S.Lincolnshlre Abbott Lab of Gov't
9- 69
Chemist ..
Pensacola Waste Tucker R&D Labs
9- 26-69
Waste 8-18-69
" 8-22-69 Tucker 'R&D Labs - 9- 26-69
Escambia River Tucker R&D Labs
9- 26-69
Pensacola (East Tucker R&D Labs
9- 26
D1tch)
"(Plant Outfall) Tucker R&D Labs
9- 26-69
Newport UK
Tucker R&D Labs
10 -8-69
It
Tucker R&D Labs
10 -8-69
M
Tucker R&D Labs
10 -8-69
It
Tinker R&D Labs
10 -8-69
?
WATER PCB-SD0000042036
PCB Found
Type
Amount
' Anil. Tech.
Matrix
A-124-2 A-1242 A-1242 A-1242 A-1242
A-1242 A-1242
A-1242 A-1242 A-1242
A-1242 A-1242 A-1242 A-1242
A-1242
A-1242 A-1242 A-1254 A-1254 A-1254
A-1254 A-1254 A-1254
A-1254
A-1254
A-1254
0.05 ppm i 1.40 ppm 0.86 ppm 0.67 ppm 1.87 ppm . 6.00 ppm
0.17X 1.71 ppm 0.08 ppm 0.53 ppm
0.20 ppm 0.45 ppm 0.67 ppm 0.04 ppm 5.88 ppm 0.03 ppm 15.3 ppm <44 ppb <3 ppb <11 ppb <1 ppb <171 ppb
<1 ppb <1 ppb
<1 ppb
<1 ppb
GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC
GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC
GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC GC/EC/MS GC/EC/MS GC/EC/MS GC/EC/MS GC/EC/MS GC/EC/MS GC/EC/MS GC/EC/MS GC/EC/MS
r
Hater Water
Water Water Water Water
Water
. Water -v ' Water
Water
. Water Water Water Water
Water . Water
Water . Milk Milk Milk . . Milk Milk Water '-Water Water Water
--i
30 .
>3t Oro
00
`
eo. Location of Matrix
Who
Where
''a te
WGK WGK WGK WGK WGK
WGK WGK'
WGK WGK WGK
WGK WGK
WGK WGK
WGK x WGK
' WGK Maryland Coop Maryland Coop Maryland Coop Maryland Coop Maryland Coop Maryland Coop Maryland Coop Maryland Coop Maryland Coop
Tucker Tucker Tucker Tucker Tucker Tucker.
Tucker Tucker .
Tucker Tucker
Tucker
Tucker Tucker /
Tucker i Tucker
Tucker
' Tucker Tucker Tucker Tucker Tycker Tucker Tucker Tucker . Tucker Tucker
RAD Labs RAO Labs RAD Labs
RAD Labs RAD Labs RAD Labs RID Labs RAD Labs
RAD Labs RAD Labs RAD Labs
RAD Labs RAD Labs
RAD Labs
RAD Labs RAD Labs
RAO Labs
RAO Labs RAD Labs RAD Labs RAD Labs RAD Labs RAD Labs RAD Labs RAO Labs RAD Labs
10-29-69 10-29-69 10-29-69 10-29-69'
* 10-29-69 10-29-69
* 10-29-69 " 10-29--69 . 10-29-6?
: 10-29-6? 10-29-6'
. 10 if-7-6 10^29-6
10-29-6; 10-29-6
10-29-6
' 10-29-f ' 10-30-t 10-30-1 .10-30-1
. . 10-30- 10-30-
` 10-3010-3010-30-
. 10-30-
G
i
i
WATER PCB-SD0000042037