Document LVOjgG6ZdVb3o8Zn01Zjvd07

THE SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, INC. 250 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 212/667-2675 January 3, 1973 TO: MEMBERS OF THE TECHNICAL CCMMITTEE OF THE PLASTIC BOTTLE DIVISION Dear Member; Attached are six new test methods. They are: 1) Proposed Recommended Practice for Soot Accumulation on Polyethylene Bottles 2) Recommended Practice for Measuring Toughness of PVC Bottles by Drop Impact 3) SP1 Compression Test for Water-Filled and Capped Plastic Bottles Initial Bottle Strength 4) SPI Dead Load Compressive Test for Water-Filled and Capped Plastic Bottles Bottle Time (Creep) Factor 5) SPI Compreeslon Test for Corrugated Boxes and Inserts Initial Box Strength 6) SPI Stack Compression Test Stacking Pattern Factor Pallet Design Factor Also attached is a ballot on which you can record your vote for each one of the proposed test methods. You are requested to have your ballot returned no later than January 31. 1973. This will enable us to review negative ballots in time for discussion at the Coonittee's annual meeting on February 13, 1973. All negative ballots must be accompanies by an explanation to be valid. Cordially, Thomas J, McGrath Director of Packaging Services TJM/mm att. SPl-25590 THE SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY, INC. 290 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 212/667-2679 BALLOT PLEASE COMPLETE AND RETURN TO: Mr. Thomas J. McGrath The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. 250 Park Avenue New York, New York 10017 VOTE TEST METHODSAFFIBMATXYE NEGATIVE Proposed Recommended Practice for Soot Accumulation on Polyethylene Bottles lecoomended Practice for Measuring Toughness of PTC Bottles by Drop Impact SPI Compression Test for WaterPilled and Capped Plastic Bottlas Initial Bottle Strength SPI Dead Load Compressive Test for Water-Filled and Capped Plastic Bottles Bottle Time (Creep) Factor SPI Compression Test for Corrugated Boxes and Inserts Initial Box Strength SPI Stack Compression Test Stacking Pattern Factor Pallet Design Factor Signature, Name Company__ Date PLEASE RETURN ALL BALLOTS BY JANUARY 31. 197 V ALL NEGATIVE BALLOTS MUST BE ACCtMPAMTED BY AN EXPLANATION TO SB VAT.T fi < SPI-25591 PROPOSED RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOP SOOT ACCUMULATION ON POLYETHYLENE BOTTLES 11-29-72 1. SCOPE 1.1 This method describes a tost procedure for determining the relative soot accumulation properties of polyethylene bottles. 2. SUMMARY OF METHOD 2#1 An electrostatic charge is generated on the bottle surface under controlled conditions. The chnrgod samples are exposed in a chamber to soot created by burning toluene wetted filter paper. Soot accumulation is rated visually by comparing the amount of carbon particles accumulated on the bottle to that shown on a pre-established grading scale. 3. SIGNIFICANCE 3.1 This method provides a useful means for determining the relative soot accumulation properties of polyethylene bottles. In par ticular* the method has been found useful in evaluating anti static additives or antistatic bottle surface treatments or both. Experience has shown that the behavior of bottles in this test can be related to dust and lint accumulation under actual use conditions. 3.2 The method provides a means of accelerating soot accumulation. However, the correlation of the results of this test to actual use conditions must be established for each application, 3.3 Although no formal Round Robin testing has been done on other types of plastics, this test method has been found useful for testing other than polyethylene plastics. (1) (1) R.E. Schanale, "New Test for Plastics Antistatics," Modern Packaging, May, 1964, pp 129, 130, 204. SPl-25592 -2 4* APPARATUS 4.1 The apparatus shall consist of the following (alternate size chambers are acceptable provided they are satisfactorily correlated): 4.1.1. Standard soot test chamber (' 2)' having a 66,200 cubic centimeter (2.3 ft. 3 ) testing volume essentially like that shown in Figure 1. The test chamber shall be equipped with: 4.1.1.1 Means for maintaining a 15 + S per cent relative humidity. Note 1 The tist chamber described in this procedure provides for humidity reduction by means of chemical drying agent contained within the chamber. Satisfactory results require the distribution of the drying medium in the chamber be such that it does not impede the flow of air. However, satisfactory results have also been obtained by locating the chamber in a room maintained at 15 per cent humidity or by use of other air drying equipment. 4.1.1.2 A fan or blower for air circulation to meet requirement 8,1.2 4.1.1.3 4.1.1.4 Means for igniting toluene filter paper. Removable 80 mesh wire screens covering test chamber inlet and outlet, 4.1.1.5 Filter paper holder (20 mesh screen of size slightly larger than filter paper. (2) May be purchased from H. Jacob Company - Cincinnati, Ohio, SPI-25593 4.1.2 4.1.3 1 Tongs Relative humidity indicator ^ 4.1.4 Hypodermic (syringe) capable of holding specified amount of toluene, (see footr.nre ttR) 4.1.5 Brush (see 10.1). 4.1.6 Urethane foam pad. 2. r> 2.5 x 1*7" nonrigid ''Urethane1' foam at a density of 1,66 LI . per cubic ft. 5. MATERIALS 5.1 Trichloroethylene. 5.2 Toluene USP, NF or CP. 5.3 Calcium chloride or equivalent nranules, 8 mesh. Note 2 Not required when hunidity reduction is obtained by other means. 5.4 Dry cloth (for cleaning chamber). 5.5 Paper towels (4). 5.6 Filter paper, 24 mm diameter, ashless type (5). 5.7 Clear lacquer spray. 6. SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 6.1 Use caution when handling toluene and trichloroethylene. Small quantities may produce noticeable bodily effects if inhaled, contacted or ingested. Have adequate ventilation. If burning of toluene is not complete, stop test, clear chamber of toluene vapor and start over. 6.2 Have fire extinguisher nearby when handling and igniting toluene. (3) Abbeon Relative Humidity Indicator Model AB2 or equivalent has been found satisfactory for this purpose. (4) Kaypee Industrial Wipes, Sorg Paper Co., Middletown, Ohio or equivalent Have been found satisfactory for this purpose. (5) Filter paper no. 895E, Carl Schleicher & Schuell Co. or equivalent has been found satisfactory for thls purpose. SPI-25594 7. TEST SPECIMENS 7.1 The test specimens shall be a specified area (not to exceed the width of the urethane pad) of the plastic bottles under inves tigation. For accurate determination of relative soot accumulation properties, all of the bottles should be of the same configuration. The specimens shall bo free from visible water and dirt. Surfaces to be judged for soot accumulation resistance properties shall not be handled either beforehand or during the performance of the test. A minimum of three specimens for each test variable is necessary. (Use statistical sample when precision is required.) 8. CALIBRATION AND STANDARDIZATION 8.1 Apparatus 8.1.1 Check for test chamber tightness by sealing off smoke entrance and exit screens, and generating smoke as Indicated under 10.8 and inspecting for smoke leakage into test chamber. Note 3 Two mil polyethylene film may be placed over the openings and held in place with pressure sensitive tape. 8.1.2 with Polyethylene film removed and the chamber smoke entrance and exit covered just by the screens, measure the time for the smoke cloud to cross the test chamber to the chamber outlet. Smoke cloud must cross test elu-.nber in 7 + 1 seconds. 8.1.3 Calibrate the humidity indicator for 15 per cent relative humidity by storing over a saturated solution of lithium chloride at 20 + 1 C per P.&.G. test method. It is necessary to alternate th indicator between the 15 per cent humidity and a higher humidity (40-50 per cent) saveral times to be certai" that the SPI-25595 s indicator returns to the 15 per cent reading accurately. 8.1.4 Operation of the test chamber may be checked using bottles with known soot accumulation properties. Note 4 White pigmenf <! bottles made from polyethylene resin containing no antistatic additive and bottles made ?`rom the same material but sprayed overall with .n antistatic agent can be used. 6.2 Reference Standards and Blanks 8.2.1 Reference standards in he form of standard samples or photographs should be established for each individual bottle size and design scale to which tested specimens may bo compared. Bottles prepared under 8.1.4 may be used as extremes. Note 5 The grading scale employed in Round Robin testing (Fig. 2) may be used as a guide* 8.2.2 Acceptability of the reference standards shall be agreed upon by the purchaser and supplier. 9. CONDITIONING 9.1 The test specimens shall be stored at room temperature 20 to 30 C (68 to 86 F) 24 hours prior to testing and record RH. (6) A non-antistatic all purpose polyethelyne copelymer resin type 3 or 4 containing 0.575 Ti02 pigment has been found satisfactory for this purpose. (7) An Aqueous solution of 10% by volume of Arquad 2HT-75 (Armour Industrial Co.) in water or equivalent may be used. SPI-25596 6- 10. PROCEDURE 10.1 Remove wire screens from chamber and clean them by brushing in trichloroethylene, Dry with a clean cloth. Wipe out chamber with clean dry cloth to remove all loose soot and re move any remaining bottles from previous tests. 10.2 For the apparatus shown in Fioure 1 . to achieve 1555 RH + 5% spread approximately 200 gms. of dried calcium chloride on the screen in the drying drawer. If chamber has been used previously 10.3 check condition of calcium chloride drying agent in drying drawer and replace if chamber has been left open or if ambient humidity is extremely high. If not replaced sooner, replace calcium chloride after every ten tests. Close and latch all chamber openings, start blower and reduce relative humidity in chamber to 15 + 5 per cent. 10.4 10.5 When the chamber reaches the humidity level specified, turn blower off and charge the specified area of the bottle to be tested by rubbing with a paper towel supported by 1 inch thifrk urethane foam padding to equalize pressure. (Compress pad 1/2 way) Stroke bottle surface to be tested only ten times in one direction starting at the top of the bottle and contacting the full panel surface as the stroke is made to the bottom of the panel. Only one pse determined area should be stroked per bottle. Immediately after charging, place each bottle in the chamber allowing no less tham 5 cm. (2 in.) between bottles or between the chamber walls and the bottles. Keep the test chamber door closed except when opened to position a charged bottle in the 10.6 chamber. Use a new surface area of towel for each bottle SPI-25597 -7 10.7 Latch chamber door. Start blower. Maintain chamber humidity at IS ^ 5 per cent for two hours. 10.8 Turn blower off. Wet a piece of filter paper held with tongs with 0.10 cc of toluene ' * . Immediately place the wetted filter paper convex side up on the holder in the combustion drawer, close the drawer and immediately ignite the toluene using the ignition system. CAUTION, A DELAY IN IGNITION COULD ALLOW SOLVENT VAPORS TO MIX WITH AIR IN THE CHAMBER CREATING A POSSIBLE EXPLOSION HAZARD. ( See section 6 ) Allow the filter paper to burn for IS + 1 seconds, then immediately start the blower. Turn off blower after 7+1 seconds. Note 7 The time the blower is run should be sufficient to just carry the smoke cloud across the test chamber to the chamber outlet. The test is made less severe if the blower is allowed to run longer than the specified time after ignition because particles are carried past the bottles. 10,9 After 15 + 1 minutes, open chamber door apd immediately remove specimens for inspection. Note 8 Bottle contact time with the smoke generated affects the severity of the test results. Less contact time reduces the soot collected on bottles while a longer contact time increases the amount of soot collected. (8) A hypodermic syringe (Hamilton Co., Inc. Whittier, Calif* Microliter #725) has been found useful in accurately dispensing small amounts of toluene. SPI-25598 10,10 Bottles nay be lightly sprayed with clear lacquer after inspection for preservation. Note 9 Customer and supplier are to use same type of spray for reproducibility. 11. INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 11.1 Subjectively rate the soot accumulation on the specimens by comparison with the grading scale established. Soot accu mulation should be rated as 0 = none to 9 = severe. 12. REPORT 12*1 The report shall include the following: 12.1.1 Complete identification of the plastic bottles tested including source, manufacturer, type, form, date of manufacture (if internal antistatic agent employed) or date of surface treatment (if applicable), pre vious history, etc. 12.1.2 Purpose of test. 12.1.3 Atmospheric conditions during conditioning and testing 12.1.4 Bottle surface rubbed. 12.1.5 Degree of soot accumulation. 12.1.6 Date of test. SPI-25599 FIGURE SPl-25600 GRADING SCALE SPI-25601 REVISED FINAL DRAFT HEcemomn) PRACTICE for measuring touhness of pvc bottles by drop impact 1. SCOPE This reccmnended practice is designed "to provide a procedure For rassuring drop impact resistance of polyvinyl chloride bottles which are intended for use as containers. The procedure is not designed to evaluate the suitability of any particular bottle shape! PVC compound, cr set of molding conditions and it is not intended to be a specification for PVC bottles. This procedure may be used, however, for setting requiments for performance of PVC bottles as agreed \^cn between buyer and seller. 2. SUtttBY OF PROCEDURE The procedure consists of dropping sealed PVC chloride bottles, tfiich have been filled with water, onto a steel surface from a prescribed height in cne position (flat bottem drop). Each bottle is dropped cnce. 3, APPARATUS A drop tasting amchine such as specified in ASTW D-2463-70, SPI Technical Bulletin PBD-4-1968 or equivalent shall be used. 4, TEST SAMPLES A. Test bottles shall be selected by a suitable procedure to assure that the sasple properly represents the lot being tested. The *rimmm sample size should not be less than 20. bottles, provided that each mold cavity is equally represented in the san$sle. B. Closures which afford a good seal. SPI-25602 Page 2. 5, PRDCELUKL 1he test bottles should be filled to nominal capacity with water at 23C - 2C then capped tightly and conditioned at 23C - 2C for 24 hours. Prepare the drop tasting apparatus so as to assure that bottles hit the impact surface squarely cn their bottom, following the procedure described in ASTM D-2463 paragz^h 6 cr equivalent. FN(1? Set the platform to the desired height. Flat bottom drop bottles once each, Exanine each bottle for evidence of fail ure' Any visible rupture is a failure; ary appearance of water on the outside of the container except leakage fora the closure cr an asternal source is a failure# |N<1) Desired height would be that one agreed upon between buyer and seller' 6, REQUIREMENTS Expectancy of ispact survival based cn above criteria; survival should be deter* mined and agreed t^cn by buyer and seller* 7* REPORT The report shall include the following: A Complete identification of the bottle tested including size, style, material, weight, dote of manufacture and axy other pertinent information. B. Temperature at which test was run. C. Nwber of bottles tested. D. IVpe of drop (bottom). E. Height of drop. F. Kuober of bottles that failed, if ajy, and location of failures. SPI-25603 SPI COMPRESSION TEST FOR WATER-FILLED AND CAPPED PLASTIC BOTTLES INITIAL BOTTLE STRENGTH SCOPE SPI TEST METHOD 1 This method covers the procedure for determining the Initial Bottle Strength for plastic bottles. This term Is the compressive load the bottle will sup port at a critical deflection level (appearance or performance detect) ms determined by a lr* oratory compression test. Initial Bottle Strength is a measure of the ability of the plastic bottle to support top-to-bottom compressive loads. SUMMARY SFI SUMMARY REPORT: STACKING PERFORMANCE OF PLASTIC BOTTLES IN CORRUGATED - BOXES outlines a method to predict the stacking strength of plastic bottles In corrugated bones. One of the terms Involved in this method (equation^ is the Initial Bottle Strength, Lbt- /APPARATUS A compression testing machine, Compression Test for Shipping Containers (ASTM designation D642)1, of accepted design and capacity vhich will apply load at a apeed of 0.5 Inches per minute and record the load-deformation of the eample. The test machine shall be calibrated following the methods of verification of 2 testing machines (ASTM designation: E4) . 1. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 15 2. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 30 SPt-25604 The upper platen of the tester sh*ll be locked parallel to the lover platen, that la, not equipped with a svivel Joint. TEST SPECIMENS At least ten bottles or one bottle from each mold cavity. CONDITIONING Bottles shall be at least- one veek old. PROCEDURE 1. Weigh and record weight of each bottle to the nearest tenth gram. 2. Pill bottles to rated fill level - with water at 23 - 1 C (73.4 - 1.6 F). Cap with recommended torque using closure that would normally be oaed with bottle. (If air escapes, test is not valid unleas vent-type closure Is used). Bottles may be tested et other temperatures such as filling line temperatures or temperatures expected to be encountered In actual warehouse 1 conditions. 3. Center filled and capped bottle on bottom platan of testing machine. Lower top platen to 1/8 inch above top of closure. Record this distance as taro deformation. Set autographic load-deformation recorder at zero. 4. Turn on machine and compress the bottle. 5. Record load at the critical bottle deflection. 6. Teat all sample bottles in the same manner. REPORT The report shall include the following: 1. A complete description of the bottle end closure uaier test; Its dimension (bottle print), making weight, resin type, and density. 2. A graph showing the load-deformation relation for each bottle test, together with observations which may assist in interpreting the results or aid in impro SPI-25605 3 the design of the bottle. 3. A composite graph showing the load-deformation relation for all bottle tests. This composite graph Is the average of individual bottle loads at each 0.05 inch bottle deflection. The deflection scale of the graph shall be adjusted so that 0 inch deflection on the composite curve will correspond with the point that the average bottle begins to accept load. The composite graph will show the fell point as the average maximum load at critical deflection. 4. Temperature of water in the water-filled bottles. 5. A statement to the effect that all testa were made in full compliance with this method. sPt.25606 SPI DEAD LOAD COMPRESSIVE TEST FOR WATER-FILLED AND CAPPED PLASTIC BOTTLES BOTTLE TIME (CREEP-) FACTOR SPI TEST METHOD 2 ( SCOPE This method cover* the procedure for determining the Bottle Time (Creep) Factor for plaatie containers. This term is the percentage of the Initial Bottle Strength, Lbt, (Teat Method 1) that the bottle will sup port at a constant load for a given time before exceeding the critical bottle deflection. SUMMARY SPI SUMMARY REPORT: STACKING PERFORMANCE OF PLASTIC BOTTLES IN CORRUGATED BOXES outlines a method to predict the stacking strength of plastic bottles in corrugated boxes. One of the terma Involved in this method (equation) is the Bottle Time (Creep) Pactor, Rbc- APPARATUS The apparatus shall ba any mechanical means of uniformly applying a static (dead) load to water-filled and capped bottles. Tha apparatus will in clude e d**tl micrometer capable of reading to 0.001 inch, a timer, end may Include a limit switch which will turn off the timer after s predetermined deflection value has been reached. TEST SPECIMENS A minimum of four bottles shall be used for each test. If the size of the apparatus permits, it is recoonended that the same number of bottles be used in each test that would be packed in the shipping container. A minimum of three (3) tests shall be conducted. SPI-25607 2 PROCEDURE 1. Prepare bottles for test, following procedure from Test Method 1. 2. Test shall be conducted in a temperatuT controlled environment. Standard conditions are 23 + 1C (73.4 + 1.8*F). Tests may be conducted at other temperatures such as those expected to be encountered in actual warehouse conditions 3. Position the bottles on the lover platen so that the applied load will be distributed uniformly over the bottles. 4. Zero the dial micrometer Just at the point the top platen contacts cna tallest bottle. 5. Start timer and release upper platen to load bottlee. 6. Read dial micrometer and record. 7. Record time required for bottles to compress (creep) to predetermined deflection value(s). THEORY The Load Ratio - time relation can be determined by two different methods. The first method determines the time required for bottles to reach the Critical Deflection level under several dead load weights. The Load Ratio is the ratio of dead load weight to the Compressive Strength of the bottle. If three or more sets of tests are performed at different Load Ratio, then their Load Ratio can be plotted against the measured times on semi-log paper to give the Bottle Creep Load Ratio curve. The second method requires only one test set to determine the complete curve. The test set is run with a dead load weight of 15 to 20 percent of the Bottle Compressive Strength. The time required to meet five or six deflection points between initial deflection and the Critical Deflection point is measured. The load requlreu to obtain these same deflection points is determined from the Compressive Strength test of the bottle. SPI-25608 3 The load Ratios are he dead load weight divided by the compressive loads at each deflection point. The Bottle Creep Load Ratio Curve Is prepared by plotting the Load Ratios against the time (semi-log scale) required to reach each deflection point In the dead load test. REPORT The report shall include the following: 1. A copy of the report from Test Method 1, Initial Bottle Strength. 2. The semllogrlthmlc R^t versus time graph. 3. Temperature of teat environment. 4. A statement to the effect that all tests were made in full compliance with this method. SPI-25609 SPI COMPRESSION TEST FOR CORRUGATED BOXES AND INSERTS INITIAL BOX STRENCla SPI TEST METHOD 3 SCOPE This method covers the proeedore for determining the Initial Strength of boxes. This term Is the compressive load the box and insert will support within allowable deflection limits. In general, this value will be the deflection of the box and Insert at maximum load. Initial box strength is a measure of the ability of the box and insert to support top-to-boctoo compressive loads. SUMMARY SPI SUMMARY REPORT: STACKW- PERFORMANCE OF PLASTIC BOTTLES IN CORRUGATED BOXES outlines a method to predict the stacking strength of plastic bottles in corrugated boxes. One of the terms Involved in this method (equation) Is the Initial Box Strength, Lj,x* APPARATUS A compression testing machine. Compression Test for Shipping Containers (ASTM designation D642)\ of accepted design and capacity which will apply load at a speed of 0.5 inches per minute and record the load-deformat ion of the sample. The test machine shall be calibrated following the Methods of Verification of Testing Machines (ASTM designation E4)`, 1. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 15 2. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 30 SPI-25610 2 The upper platen of the tester shall bo locked parallel to the lower platen, that is not equipped with a swivel joint. TEST SPECIMENS At least rive boxes properly closed with Inserts positioned and restrained hall be tested. rCONDITIONING Boxes and inserts shall be preconditioned at least 24 hours at less than 35% R. H. and then conditioned 48 hours at standard conditions, 50 * 2% R.H. and 23 - 2 c (73.4 * 3.6 F). After closing, they will be conditioned an additional 24 hours at standard conditions prior to testing. Boxes and inserts may be teated at other RH and/or temperatures as may be encountered in ware house storage. SEALING CORRUGATED BOXES Set up and square the box and then bend forward the short or inner flaps 90 and apply a uniform application of adhasive. Close the long or outer flaps by bending forward 90 to contact the glued inner flaps. Invert box onto a flat surface and weigh the flaps to insur" a good seal. When glue has sufficiently set, invert box and position inserts (partitions, H-divider, Z-pad, etc.) as described in the box specifications. The inserts must be restrained to remain properly positioned during test. This may be accomplished by inserting truncated bottles in the box. The restraining de vices shall not contribute to the top-to-bottom compressive strength of the box. SPI-25611 3 Close end seal top flaps In thf* 'ame manner as the bottom flaps applying only enough weight to the top of the box to hold the flaps In contact until glue has set. PROCEDURE 1. Center the specimen on the bottom platen of the testing machine. Lover the top platen to 1/8 inch greater than the specified closed box height. Record this distance as zero deformation. Set autographic load-deformation recorder at zero. 2. Turn on machine and compress the box. 3. Record load-deformation until maximum load has been obtained. 4. Test all sample boxes in Che same manner. REPORT The report'shall include the following: 1. A complete description of the box and Insert (copy of specification card) under test showing Che position and explaining the method of restraining the insert. 2. A graph showing the load-deformation relationship for each test together with any observations which may assist in interpreting the results or aid In Improving the design of the box and inserts. 3. A composite graph showing the load-deformation relationship for all tests. This composite graph is the average of individual box loads at each 0.05 inch deflection. The deflection scale of the graph shall be adjusted so that 0 inch deflection on the composite curve will correspond with the .point that the average box begins to accept load The composite graph will show the fail point as the average maximum load at average deflection. SPI-25612 4 4. RH and temperature used for preconditioning and conditioning and actual teats. 5. A statement to the effect that all teste were made In full compliance with this method. SPl-25613 SPI STACK COMPRESSION TEST STACKING PATTERN FACTOR PALLET DESIGN FACTOR SPI TEST METHOD 4 SCOPE This method covers the procedure for determining the loss In compressive strength of boxes stacked one on top of another in actual warehouse stacking patterns, and the additional loss In stacking strength of boxes stacked on non-solid surfaces such as warehouse pallets. SUMMARY SPI SUMMARY REPORT: STACKING PERFORMANCE OF PLASTIC BOTTLES IN CORRUGATED BOXES outlines a method to predict the stacking strength of plsstic bottles in cor rugated boxes. Two terms Involved in this method (equation) are the Stacking Pattern Factor, S? and the Pallet Design Factor, PDF. APPARATUS A compression testing machine, Compression Test for Shipping Containers (ASTM designation D642) , of accepted design and capacity which will allow load at a speed of 0.5 inches per minute and re^rd the load deformation of the stack. The test machine shall be calibrated following the methods of verification of 2 testing machines (ASTM designation: E4) The upper platen of the tester shall be locked parallel to the lower platen, that is not equipped with a swivel Joint. 1. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part 15 2. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Part JO SPI-25614 CONDITIONING 'oxes and intarts shall be preconditioned at least 24 hours at less than 35X R. H. nd then conditioned 48 hours at standard conditions, 50 * 21 R, H, and 23 - 2 C 73.4 * 3.6 F). After closing, they vlll be conditioned an additional 24 hours e standard conditions prior to testing. Boxes and inserts may be tested at other 3 and/or temperatures as may be encountered in warehouse storage. EALING CORRUGATED BOXES et up and square the box and then bend forward the short or Inner flaps 90 and 'pply a uniform application of adhesive. Close the long or outer flaps by bendng forward 90 to contact the glued inner flaps. Invert box onto a flat surface nd weigh the flaps to insure a good seal. hen glue has sufficiently set, Invert box and position Inserts (partitions, divider, 2-pad, etc.) as described in the box specifications. The inserts ust be restrained to remain properly positioned during test. This may be acompllshed by inserting truncated bottles in the box. The restraining devices tall not contribute to the top-to-bottom compressive strength of the box. lose and seal top flaps in the same manner as the bottom flaps applying only nough weight to the top of the box to hold the flaps in contact until glue has et. UMBER OF TESTS ach test shall be made on four tiers (layers) of boxes arranged in the actual arehouae stacking pattern. Ac least three tests shall be conducted. ftOCEDURE I tacking Pattern Factor . Center the first tier of boxes on the bottom platen of the test machine. SPI-25615 i 3 Build the second, third, end fourth tiers In the actual warehouse stacking pattern. 2. Lower the top platen to 1/8 Inch greater than the maximum stack height. Record this distance as zero deformation. Set autographic load-deformfition recorder at zero. 3. Turn on machine and compress the stack of boxes. 4. Record load-deformation until maximum load has been obtained. Note: Occasionally, the stack compression test will not show a distinct yield point. When this happens, a good approximation of the maximum stack load can be made by comparing the average stack load with the composite graph from the in dividual box tests (Test Method 3) 5. Test all sample boxes in the same manner. PROCEDURE II * \ Pellet Design Factor and Stacking Pattern Facmr combined Procedure II A Is identical with Procedure I except the stack is built on the top of the warehouse pallet (PDF' Top). 3. Procedure II B, the stack is built under the warehouse pallet (PDF0 Bottom) . REPORT The report shall include the following: l. Initial Box Strength, Test Method 3. I. A graph showing the load-deformation relationship for each stack test together *lth any observations which may assist in Interpreting the results or aid in im proving the design of the box and inserts. 3. A composite graph showing the load-deformation relationship for all tests. ;his composite graph is prepared by: a. Averaging the stack load at each 0.20 inch deflection; b. Dividing the average stack load by the number of boxes per tier (average stack load per box); e. Dividing the deflection at each 0.20 inch level by four (four tiers per SPI-25616 test); and d. Floe Che average stack load per box at each 0.05 Inch deflection. . Calculate the Stacking Pallet Factor (Procedure I) or the combined Pallet eaign Factor and Stacking Pattern Factor, Procedure II A for PDF'* Top aad/or Procedure II B for POP, bottom, by dividing the maximum stack load from 3d above >y the maximum Individual box load obtained from Teat Method 3. 5. RH and temperature used for preconditioning and conditioning and actual tests. >. A statement to the effect that all tests were made in full compliance with :hia method. SPl-25617 THE SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY. INC. 250 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 212/687-2675 July 6, 1973 TO: MBfflERS OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE PLASTIC BOTTLE DIVISION Dear Member: The Technical Comittee has approved for balloting a supplement to the SP-400 finish of our technical bulletin PBD-2-1968. Attached Is a ballot which you are requested to return to me by August 10t 1973. Please note that negative ballots must be accompanied by an explanation to be valid. Cordially. Thomas J. McGrath Director of Packaging Services TJM/mm att. SPI-25618 Proposed Supplement to $? 400 Finishes of PBQ-2 Many two-piece child-resistant closures rely on a downward motion of the outer shell for their proper function. The SP-400 finishes do not necessarily provide physical space for this motion. The following specifications are recommended when an SP-400 finish Is to be used with such a child-resistant closure. Beadless finish: Increase min. H and max. H dimensions by at least .117" over the values listed on SP-400. Specifically, this means mm size 20 t 22 24 t 28 33, 38, * 45 min. H dimension .473'* .502*' .505" Bead finish: Either increase H-dimension as on the headless finish or, as an alternate, limit the max. bead diameter to the following dimens ions; mm size 20 22 24 28 33 38 45 max. bead diameter .885" ,967" 1.049" 1.200" 1.377" 1.588" 1.853" If the max. bead diameter Is limited to these dimensions and the top of the bead is at least .117" above the bottle shoulder, the H-dimensions listed on SP-400 may be used without impeding the function of the child-resistant closure. To avoid closure contact between adjoining packages during shipment, the bottle diameter should be no less than the following dimensions: mm size 20 22 24 28 33 38 45 min, bottle diameter 1.060" 1.125" 1.200" 1.350" 1.530" 1.740" 2.000" In specific applications, it is recommended to consult the manufacturer of the child-resistant closures. May 1973 Oimensional Research Subcommittee F. R. Homburger, Chairman SPI-25619 BALLOT PLEASE COMPLETE AND RETURN TO: Mr. Thomas J. McGrath The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. 250 Park Avenue New York, New York 10017 AFFIRMATIVE Supplement to SP-400 Finish of Technical Bulletin PBD-2-1968 NEGATIVE Signature Name Company Date P^F-AfiE RETURN ALL BALLOTS BY AUGUST 10. 1973. ALL NEGATIVE BALLOTS MUST BE ACCPiPANIES BY AN EXPLANATION TO BE VALID! SPI-25620 THOMAS J. MoORATH due to limited supply, copy of print sent to BOTTLE BLOWER ONLY, - SP1-25621 J/y /y the society of THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY. INC. 250 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 * 212/687-2675 March 6, 1974 TO: MEMBERS OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE PLASTIC BOTTLE INSTITUTE Dear Member: Enclosed la a copy of our proposed finish SP-445 which was prepared by Ed Campbell of Continencal Can Company. Please review this and if you have any comments, please direct them to Ed Campbell with a carbon copy to me. His address is 2425 Touhy Avenue, Elk Grove Village, Illinois Cordially, Thomas J. McGrath Director of Packaging Services TJM/mm encl. SPf-25622 nTHE SOCIETY OF THE PLASTIC5 INDUSTRY, INC. 250 PARK AVENUE ' NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 212 687-2675 7u March 11, 1974 TO: MB4BER.S OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE PLASTIC BOTTLE INSTITUTE Dear Member: The following is a proposed noce on our SP-400 finish. "Many child-resistant closures rely on dissimilar simultaneous motions for their proper function. The SP-400 finishes do not necessarily provide physical space for these motions. A special min. and max. H-dimension or, as an alternate, a max. bead diameter must then be specified. In addition, to avoid closure contact between adjoining packages during shipment, the bottle diameter should be no less than the largest diameter of the closure. Since these limiting specifications vary between types of childresistant closures, any user should obtain them from the specific closure manufacturer.'" Please return the attached ballot indicating whether you approve or disapprove of this addition to Che PBD-2-1968. Please remember chat negative ballots must be accompanied with an explanation to be velid. You are requested to return the ballot by March 29, 1974. Cordially, Thomas J. McGrath Director of Packaging Services TJM/mm att. SPI-25623 THE SOCIETY OF THE PLASTICS INDUSTRY. INC. 250 PARK AVENUE NEW YORK. NEW YORK 10017 212 607-2675 BALL0T Please Complete and Return to: Mr. Thomas J. McGrath Director of Packaging Services The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. 250 Park Avenue New York, New York 10017 AFFIRMATIVE Proposed note on SP-400 Finish of Technical Bulletin PBD-2-1968 NEGATIVE Signature Name______ Company Date PLEASE RETURN ALL BALLOTS BY MARCH 29. 1974. ALL NEGATIVE BALLOTS MUST BE ACCOMPANIED BY AN EXPLANATION TO BE VALID? SP1-25624 A Division of The Socieiv of the Plast.cs industry Inc 250 Park Avenue New York, New V or* ^00^7 12 T2> 687-2675 August 30, 1974 TO: MEMBERS OF THE TECHNICAL CCKMITTEE OF THE PLASTIC BOTTLE INSTITUTE Dear Member: Attached are four new test methods, Thev are: 1) Vertical Compression Test. 2) Dead lead compressive test for water-filled and capped plastic bottles - bottle time(ereep) factor. 3) Compression test for corrugated boxes and inserts-Initial box strength. 4) Stack compression test - stacking pattern factor pallet design factor. # Also attached is a listing of materials and apparatus. Please record your vote for each proposed test method. You are requested to have your ballot returned, no later than October 1, 1974. All negative ballots must be accompanied by an explanation to be valid. Cordially TJM/mf Att. Thomas J. McGrath General Manager SPI-25625 PLEAS;- COMPLETE AND RETVa- lu. Mr. Thomas J. McGrath The Society of the Plastics 25D Park Avenue New York, New York 10017 Industry, Inc. TEST METHODS_____________ VOTE AFrIRMATI VENEGATIVE Vertical Compression Test Dead Lead Compressive Test for water filled and capped plastic bottles Compression test for corrugated boxes and inserts-initial box strength Stack Compression Test - stacking pattern factor pallet design factor Signature _______________ ______ Name_ C omp a nv Date_________________ PLEASE RETURN ALL BALLOTS KY_ OCTOBER L. 1974. ALL NEGATIVE BA3.LQTS_ MUST VE ArrrMPANTED BY AN EXPLANATION TQ BE VALID? SPI-25626 ^nutW A Division of The Society cf the PiasMrs Industry. Inc 250 Park Averse \ew York. New vor< 10017 (212> 687-2675 August 30, 1974 TO: MEMBERS OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE PLASTIC BOTTLE INSTITUTE Dear Member: Attached are four new test methods. Thev are: 1) Vertical Compression Test. 2) Dead lead compressive test for water-filled and capped plastic bottles - bottle time(creep) factor. 3) Compression test for corrugated boxes and inserts-Inltial box strength. 4) Stack compression te9t - stacking pattern factor pallet design factor. Also attached Is a listing of materials and apparatus. Please record your vote for each proposed test method. You are requested to have your ballot returned, no later than October 1, 1974. All negative ballots must be accompanied by an explanation to be valid. Cordially TJM/mf Att. Thomas J. McGrath General Manager SPI-25627 U A ' I. 0 T PLEASE COMPLETE AND RETURN TO: M'*. Thomas J. McGrath The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. 250 Park Avenue New York, New York 10017 TEST METHODSAFFIRMATIVENEGATIVE Vertical Compression Test VOTE Dead Lead Compressive Test for water filled and capped plastic bottles Compression test for corrugated boxes and inserts-initial box strength r Stack Compression Test - stacking pattern factor pallet design factor Signature Name _______ . Company __ Date PLEASE RETURN ALL BALLOTS BY OCTOBER I, 1974. ALL NEGATIVE BALLOTS MUST VE ACCOMPANIED BY AN EXPLANATION TO BE VALID! SPI-25628 SPI VERTICLE COMPRESSION TEST SCOPE This is a test procedure for determining Che compressive yield load of plastic container. Method A tests the bottle empty and vented and Method B tests the bottle filled and capped. SIGNIFICANCE The compression test provides valuable information as follows: Method A - determines the ability of a container to support loads which may bu encountered in filling and capping operations. It evaluates material and process varinbLes for a specific container. It evaluates the design for a specific material.lt is a source of information for the design of handling equipment and ct'. -k related fields. Method B - determines the ability of a container to support top loads m w stacking. It determines the Initial Bottle Strength (l^J, which is the compr^sTi-'^ load the bottle will support at the "Critical Deformation" (an appearance or performance defect). Initial Bottle Strength is used in the SPI Summary Report "Stacking Performance of Plastic Bottles in Corrugated Boxes" to predict the stacking height of plastic bottles in corrugated boxes. pryiMITTON OF TERMS Compressive Yield Load - The compressive load at the first point in a compression test where compressive deformation of the specimen is increasing without incro-jte in compressive load. Report load in pounds (kilograms). 1 SPI-25629 SPI VEMICLE COMPRESSION TSST DEFINITION OP TERMS (cont'd) 'Critical Deformation'1 - The point at which Che hotel* is coofrtflf^ to Its yield point or deformed so.that it Is not acceptable from an appearance standpoint. Deflection - The distance that the bottle is compressed. .Import deflection in inches (centimeters) APPARATUS A compression testing machine, es described In ASTM'O 642 (Compresslow Test for Shipping Containers)*, ASTM D 2659 (Column Crush Properties of Blown Thermoplastic Containers), or equivalent of accepted design, which will apply load at constant speeds of 1,0 and 0.5 inches per minute (2.54 and 1.27 ea per minuee) and record the load deflection of the sample with an accuracy of one (1) percent. The upper platen of the teeter shall be \ locked parallel to the lower platen, that is, not equipped with a swivel Joint. The top platen will have a small hole (s) provided (1/8 to 1/4 Inch or 0.3 to 0.6 cm) to allow the air within the container to escape. The test machine shall be calibrated following the methods of verification of testing machines. (ASTM designation E 4)^ A suitable weighing device, accurate to a tenth of a gram is necessary. TEST SPECIMENS At least twenty representative bottles art required including one -sutle from each mold cavity. .3 Notes: f 1. Annual Book of ASTH Standard part 15 2. Annual Book of ASTM Standard Part 30 2 SPI-25630 SPI VERTICLH ': "irur.5SlO;q TEST COKDCTfOyrW Method A Containers are to be conditioned tor a mini,mum o 24 hours In the same atmosphere ns the test egu ip.uen t. The atmosphero should be maintained throughout the test. Recommended test temperature is 23 * 2 C, (73,4 - 3.6 r.) Hov/uver, it i mpus.e i'n >e to test at this conditiwii, the U'SL w / n<_ run at ambient te ru Ml data stui'il '<- cocreoud to 2'3` C. bun.-. (Sw e a i c -1 n t I on) . Ci rvi'!-; 1y: - Method V, lioti le"- shall bn. Jt least one :?'. old. - method A }. Wui-'.h and record weight ot each container to the nearest tenth, era'-!. 2. Record temperature at which the test is made. 3.. S-t up testing machine so that the crosshe^d rate is a constant 1.0 inch per minute (2.54 cm per rusvl*) A . p 1 .ii-. fin- e on I . i i no t ho I wo." , ' 1 <o S', r ' . ic ol t h. c w :< ri : j i on j i ' u r f 1 ' ' :: i '.In 11. too lci'I't! i i*. . i : >< '<1 < I I' u< < ' > ! 1 1 1 11 i 1 h compress ive force and so that toe .u r within the ccuni-et will Note l. In certain instances, it "..ay 1 c desirable to tt'C coot aJ.i:crs in. t 'e non-vonted condition. In those cases, aderjc.ee provisions should .u made to insure that the containers arc positively scaled. 5. Compress the container until co up re s s ive yield load has hc^r. parsed. pec.-.r 1 compressive yield load to the nearest pound (kiio^r-rr;. Record tun IoculIc.. oC the failure, e.y. sidewall, shoulder, heel, etc., and any other orv ^ obset v;\c i oa. (Refer u> bottle drawing in SRI glosear...) 3 SPI-25631 S?I VER7TCLZ COKI'RSSSIOS TEST PKCV.EDbKE - Method A (ccnt'd) Note1 2.. In certain ins:.i:u'cs it may bo desirable to record and report deflection at c OMipres;; ivo yield load. In .such canes, a suit.Mile !nvai\?. oi me.i.au i i n this dust.Mice shall bo provided on the test equipment. t'KOCEDUlE - Method B 1. Set up testing machine so that crosshead rate is a constant 0,5 inch per minute (1.27 cm per minute). 2. Weigh and record weight of each bottle to the nearest tenth gram. 3. Fill bottles to rated fill volume - 1/2 % with water at 23 - 2 C (73.4 * 3.0 F). Cap with recommended torque using closure char wou'd nnrmilly be used with bottle. (If air escapes, cost is not valid) Bottler may !* tested at other temperatures such as filling Line temperatures or temp' natures expected to be encountered in actual warehouse conditions. 4. Center filled and capped bottle on bottom platen of testing much inn, L^i-vr top platen Co a position so that the distance be. twin n the two platen." i.s L/d inch (0.3 cm) greater than the specified height shown on the bottle print plus closure height. Record this distance a? zero deflection. Sot autographic load deflection recorder at zero. 5. Turn machine and compress the bottle. 6. Record load (Lbt) and deflection at the critical bottle deformation. 7. Test all sample bottles in the same manner with the zero deflection position identical to test number one. SPl-25632 4 / s?i vertiole L\ri'.ni;:ssiO!, tkst CAT.r:i'i./.Tr,vJS Method A All c o"iorc:.s Lvc yield load vibics un- to bo corrected to 23 C. There.! or.; , being tested. This curve is obtained by plotting the compressive yjnic load versus temperature. Ti e curve shall cover the range of temper.A.r- :> encountered in testing. by adding or subtree t in - , as appropriate, the ineromunt indies; > .1 - C .UTeC lion Ci. I'Ve . 3. T'a rithsietic nc i i shall be cnlcu'nted by obtaining the sum of el'. c;re data and dividing this sum by the number of containers tested. 4. The ran.;*; snail be indicated by reporting the highest and lov/cst cor:-. ... i readings. 3, The standard deviation shall be calculated as col lows and reported to s i _n i. L ic ant figures. ...--. . ----------- 2 X1 - m X 01 S - cst; .-ited standard dcvi'.'toa JC<" - sum of all the squares oC each corrected obsort io u - number of observation? IT - arithmetic mean of the set of corrected observations 5 SPI-25633 SPI VCRTICLE COMj'RESSIOK TEST REPORT - Method A (a) Identification (1) of iiuceriala (2) of cout:ii::uC design (3) marmfnc L'Tor (b) Method of sample selection (c) Co'.td L ti oning procedure (d) Atmospheric conditions in test room (e) Number of containers evsted (f) Re 1 iticMsIiip of centerline of bottle to the centerline* of compressive force. (g) U >te of ce s t (It) Aver.- boli'le o- i l.l and r ir/e (i) The aril'ii.'i lie iso/in, r,.nw<- (H'dicsi >'U>..\ . and Cac I ii'.i! i r<1 d< v ia i. i an f >r l ik e . .[>r> :; . i , - (.1) Loc si it'ii o! I i !"M (to l\ l l * c i i l"i io i'. o--L line d (1) A state ..at tfi.i'. nli rests v.;ll r .2 . in f . 11 _ i with tiiis method., or reporting deviation; fro- r'.. - method. -6 - SPI-25634 SPI VERTICLE COMPRESSION TEST REPORT - Method B The report shall include the fol l owini': (A) A complete description of the bottle and closure under teat; its height end maximum bottle dimension (from the bottle print), making weight, resin type and density. (B) A graph showing the load deflection for each bottle test, together with observations which nay assist in interpreting Che results or aid in improving the design of the bottle. (C) A composite graph showing the load deflection relation for all bottle tests. This composite graph is the average of individual bottle- loads at each 0.05 inch (0,127 cm) bottle deflection. The deflection scale of the graph shall be adjusted so that Zero deflection on the composite curve will correspond with the point where the averse bottle begins to .accept load. The composite, graph will show the fail point (Lfeg) as the average maximum load at critical deformation. (D) Temperature of water in the water-filled bottles at time of test. (E) A statement that all tests were made in full compliance with th's method, or reporting deviations from this te^t method. SPI-25635 I- SPI DE1AD LOAD COMPRESSIVE TEST FOR WATER-FILLED AND CAPPED PLASTIC BOTTLES BOTTLE TIME (CREEP) FACTOR SPI TEuT METHOD PBD - SCOPE This ts a test procedure for determining the Bottle Time i,Creep) Factor for plastic containers. This term is the percentage of the Initial Bottle Strength, Lbc, (Test Method PBD-3) that Che bottle will support at a constant load for a given time before exceeding the "Critical Deformation", SUMMARY OF METHOD The Load Ratio - Time relation can be determined by two different method The first method determines the time required for bottles to reach the "Critical Deformation" under several dead load weights. The Load Ratio is the ratio of dead load weight to the Compressive Strength of the bottle. If three or more sets of tests are performed at different Load Ratio, then their Load Ratio can be plotted acainst the measured times on semi-log paper to give the Bottle Creep Load R/>tio Curve. The second method requires only one Lest set to determine the complete curve. The test set is run with a dead load weight of 15 to 20 percent of the Bottle Compressive Strength. The time required to meet five or six deflection points between initial deflection and the "Critical Deformation" is measured. The load required tc obtain these same deflection points is determined from the Compressive Strength test of the bottle. The Load Ratios are rhe dead load weight divided by the compressive loads at each deflection point. The Bottle Creep Load Ratio Curve is prepared SPl-25636 SPI TEST METHOD by plotting the Load P.atios against the time (semi-log scale) required to reach each deflection poinC in the dead load test. (Experience indicates the second method is the preferred technique.) sirNTTTC.\rici-: SPI S1/MMARY REPORT; STACKING PLRFORi'ACE OF PLASTIC BOTTLES IN COKRi'G.V.i ) BOXES outlines a method to predict the stacking strength of plvstic bottles in corrugated boxes. One of the terns involved in this method (equation) is the Bottle Time (Creep) Factor, Rfat. DFHUTTON OF TERMS Compressive Yield Load - The compressive load at the first point ir. a compression test where compressive deformation of the specimen is in creasing without increase in compressive load. Report Lojd in pounds < "Critical Deformation" - The point at which the bottle is compressed to its yield point or deformed so chat it is not acceptable from an appearance stnndpoint. Deflection - The distance that the bottle is compressed. Report duf i c-; r L ->r in inches (cms). APPARATUS The apparatus shall be any mechanical means of uniformly applying a bt.-. rU(dead) load to water-filled and capped bottles. The apparatus will include a diaL micrometer capable of reading to 0.001 inch (0.0025 cm), a r.i ur and m.:v include a limit switch which will turn off the timer after a prude tc-rmincd deflection value has beer, reached. (Sen 'iateri.il s ar-c App.ir.' Lis sec lion) SPI-25637 I, SPI TEST HJfTl'uD TEST SVECTMENS A minimum of four representative bottles shall be used for each test. If the size of the apparatus permits, it is recommended that the same number of bottles be used in each test that would be packed in Che shipping container. A minimum of three (3) tests shall be conducted. PKrxTDl'Ur' 1. prepare bottles for test, following procedure from Test Method PCO- 3 . Z. Test shall be c-nducted in a temperature controlled environment. + 4. o Standard conditions are 23 - 2 C (73.4 - 3.6 F) . Tests may be conducted at other temperatures such as these expected to be en countered in actual warehouse conditions. 3. Position the bottles on the lower platen so that the applied -cad will be distributed uniformly over the bottles. 4. - Zero the dial micrometer at the point the top platen contacts the t ' 1 1c s t bottl e . 5. St 'CL ti-'.er .md relousc upper pi tun t<_. loud '.utt ie ;. 6. Re.id dill ;' 0 ro me tec and rLOOcd. r fheorj u-.o re-inired f.r buttles to ccpr. :s Co r-e to predetr-r i . deflection value (s). REPORT The report shall include the followin3: 1. A copy of the report from Test Method PBD-3, Initial Bottle Strcnr- fn 2. The sumLlo_rit hmic R, versus tir e praph. bt 3.. Temperature of test environment. 4. A statement that all test1; veto " ide in foil < oi.-pi iatve vit' til-' iv thod. or report 1 rv. t'evi 'lions from tnis test >'ovi. SPI-25638 SPI COMP SESSION TEST FOR CORRUGATED DUKES AND INSERTS INITIAL I'.QV STRENGTH SPI TEST METIlUD PED- SCOPE This method covers the procedure for determining the Initial Strength of boxes,. This term is the compressive load the box and insert will support within allowable deflection limits. In general, this value will be the deflection of the box and insert at maximum load. Initial box strength is a measure of the ability of the box and insert to support top-to-bottom compressive loads. SIGNIFICANCE SPT SUMMARY REPORT: STACKING PERFORMANCE OF PLASTIC BOTTLES DI CORRUGATED BOXES outlines a method to predict the stacking strength of plastic bottles in corrugated boxes. One of the terms involved in this method (equation) is the Initial Box Strength, L^x. APPARATUS A compression testing machine, Compression Test for Shipping Containers (ASTM designation D042)\ of accepted design and capacity which will apply load at a speed of 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) per minute and record the load- deflection of the sample. (See Materials and Apparatus section) The test machine shall be calibrated following the Methods of Verification of Testing Machines (ASTM designation E4)2". 1. Annual Book of ASTM .standards, Part 15 2. Annua] Book of ASTM Standards, Part 30 SPI-25639 The upper platen of che tester shall be locked parallel co the lower platen, that is, not equipped with a swivel joint. test specimens At least five boxes properly closed with inserts positioned and re strained shall be tested. coirmTiOMinc Boxes and inserts shall be preconditioned at least 24 hours at less than 35% R, H, and then conditioned 48 hours at standard conditions, .+ 50 - 2% R.H. and 23 - 2 C (73.4 - 3.6 F). After closing, they will be conditioned an additional 24 hours at standard conditions prior to testing. Boxes and inserts may be tested at other RH and/or temperatures as may be encountered in warehouse storage. PROCKJX-'RE Set up and square the box and then bend forward che short or inner flaps 90 and apply a uniform application of adhesive. Close the long or outer flaps by bending forward 90 to contact the glued inner flaps. Invert box onto a flat surface and weigh the flaps to insure** good seal. When glue has sufficiently set, invert box and positin inserts (p.irii t i-. , H-divider, Z'.-p.'d, etc.) ns deserL'ud i.r. -.i ^ bo:-: sfuc ii ic.'. . lav. inserts must bo restrained to remain properly positioned during test, This may be accomplished by inserting truncated bottles in the box. The restraining devices shall not contribute to the top-co-bettout compressive strength of the box. Close and seal top flaps in the same banner as the bottom flaps applying only enough weight to the top of the box to hold the flaps in contact until glue has set. SPI-25640 i PKo>:f':nLK'i: (com-.) 1. Center the specimen on the bottom platen or the cesting machine. Lower the top platen to a position so that the distance between the two platans is 1/8 inch (0.3 cm) greater than the specified closed box height. Record this distance as zero deflection. Set autographic load-deflection recorder at zero. 2. Turn on machine and compress the box. ' 3. Record load and deflection until maximum load has been-obtained. 4.. Test all sample boxes in the same manner with the zero deflection position identical to test number one. REPORT The report shall include the following: 1. A complete description of the box and insert (copy of specification card) under test showing the position and explaining the method of restraining the insert. 2. A graph showing the load-deflection relationship for each test together with any observations which may assist in interpreting the results or aid in improving the design of the box and inserts. 3. A composite graph showing the load-dcflection relationship for al1 tests. This composite graph is the average of individual box loads at each 0.05 inch (0.10 cm) defleceion. The deflection scale of the graph shal1 be adjusted so that 0 inch (cm) deflection on the composite curve will correspond with the point that the average box begins to accept load. The composite graph will show the fail point (L,^) as the average maximum load at average deflection. 4. RH and temperature used for preconditioning and conditioning and actual u-t* 5. A statement that all tests were made in full compliance with this method, or reporting deviation from this test method. SPI-25641 SPI STACK COMPRESSION TEST STACKING PATTERN FACTOR PALLET DESIGN FACTOR SPI TEST METHOD PBD- SCOPE This method covers Che procedure for determining the loss in compressive strength of boxes stacked one on top of another in actual warehouse stacking patterns, and the additional loss in stacking strength of boxes stacked on non-solid surfaces such as warehouse pallets. SIGNIFICANCE SPI SUMMARY REPORT: STACKING PERFORMANCE OF PLASTIC BOTTLES IN CORRUGATED BOXES outlines a method to predict the stacking strength of plastic botllej in corrugated boxes. Two terms involved in this method (equation) are the Stacking Pattern Factor, SP and the Pallet Design Factor, PDF. A1TAR\TWS A compression testing machine. Compression Test for Shipping Containers (AST'1 designation P642}^, of accepted design and capacity which will apply lead at a speed of 0.5 inches (1.27 cm) per minute and reen.d the lond-defleuticn of the stick. (See Materials and Apparatus section) The test machine; shall be calibrated following the Methods of Verification of Testing Machines 2 (ASTM designation: 4) The upper platen of the tester shall be locked parallel to the lower platen, that is, not equipped with n swivel joint. 1. Annual Rook of ASTM StondnrcU, Part 15 2. Annual Eook of A7TM Standards, Part 30 SPI-25642 C~) '//' / -- TEST SPfclOlMFNS Each test shall be made on four tiers (layers) of boxes arranged in the actual warehouse stacking pattern. At least three tests shall be conducted. CONDITIONING Boxes and inserts shall be preconditioned at least 24 hours at less chan 357, R. H, and then conditioned 4d hours at standard conditions, 50 2% R.H, + +o and 23 - 2 C (73.4 - 3.6 F). After closing, they will be conditioned nn additional 24 hours at standardconditions prior to testing. Boxes and inserts may be tested at other RH and/or temperatures as may be enconnu nJ in warehouse storage. PROC EDURf: Set up and square the box and then bend forward the short or inner flaps 90 and apply a uniform application o adhesive. Close the long or outer flaps by bending forward 90 to contact the glued inner flaps. Invert box onto a flat surface and weigh the flaps to insure a good seal. When glue has sufficiently sot, invert box and position inserts (parti'.i i-.: , -divider. Z-pud, etc.) as described in the bo/. c yoc if lent mus. The ins' r : must he restrained Co remain properly pos i t i oned dnriu;; test. This me. be accomplished by inserting truncated bottles in the box. The res'riL devices shall not contribute to the Cop-co-bottom compressive strength ol the box. Close and seal top flaps in the same manner as the bottom flap.' applying only enough weight to the top of the box to hold the flaps in contact until glue has set. METHOD A:Stacking Pattern Factor 1. Center the first tier of boxes on the bottom platen of the test machine. Build the second, third, and fourth tiers in th* .'ctual warehouse stac kiuR p-j i torn. SPI-25643 2. Lower the top platen to 15 iuc I; (0,3 cm) greater than the m.-xim " stack height. Record this distance as zero deflection. Set auto graphic load-defleetion recorder at zero. 3. Turn on machine and compress the stack of boxes. 4. Record load-deflection until maximum load has been obtained. Note: Occasionally the stick compression test will not show a distinct yield point. When this happens, a good approximation can be made as follows: 1. Dcternine the deflection at yield of the individual box (Test Mu thod__ ), 2. Multiply this doElecci-'a h. the number of layers jn the st.c.-.. 3. Read the stack compression at the total deflection as calculated 5. Test all sample coxes in the save manner. MKIHOP B; P.) 1 lot Design Factor and Stacking Pattern Factor Combined A. Method B - 1 is identical with Method A except the stack is o built on the top of the warehouse pallet (I'DF Top). F. Method ?> - 2 the stack is built under the warehouse pallet (?!.*' R rlORT The report shall include the fo 1 1 n--'i n : I. Initial Fax Strength, T.st "ct1 od_______ . L. A description of stackin' pit turn a,ad pallet :s-d in th- test. 3. A graph showing chu 1 o ad-Ju (' 1 ..c c i^n relationship lor c a c 1: stv-ci test together with any observations which may assist in interpreting the results or aid in improving tlse design of the box and inerts. 4. A composite graph showing the load-defleetion relationship for al1 t This composite graph is prepared by; a. Averaging the stack laid at ca<-h 0.20 inch (5.0 cm) do f 3 cc C: cm , h. Dividing (.he average stack load by the imah r of be/'-e P1 r r i' r (average stack load per box); c. Dividin the deflection at each 0.20 inch (5.0 c.-) level by te r SPi-25644 tiers per test) ; and d. Plot the average stack load per box at each 0.05 inch (0.10 cm) deflection. 5. C.ilulate the Stacking Pallet Factor (Procedure I) or the combined pallet Desiga Factor and Stocking Pattern Factor, Procedure II A for PDf Top and/or Procedure II B for PDF, bottom, by dividing the maximum stack lead from 3d above by the maximum individual box load obtained from Vest Method 3. 6. Rll and temperature used for preconditioning and conditioning and actual tests. 7. A statement that all tests were made in full compliance with this method, or reporting deviations from this test method. SPI-25645 MATERIALS AND APPARATUS LIST psd-'3 spi vertices compression test Item I Compression Testing Machine Gaynos Engineering Co. 1642-52 W. Fulton St. Clue *:>.>. III. o061 2 PII (3i3) HA 1 -5257 Testing Machines Inc 400 Bayview Ave. Am itvvi 1.1c , NY 11701 PH (5 16) .-.42-5400 vj>_nic\D toad c>* pk::> u_o'' sr He . I Dv.i'-i Load Cu.-press Lor Tester i ' s z<- - `C I)LT r a rn-in.-orlng Co. U. F.iluon S1.. Clue ! o. Jil. 60612 PII ( 3J ;) HA 1-3257 PUD-INIT^f.M. so:-: STT.r,:C".'- Icon I Compression Testing Machine On yi.es ' En- i ni.o r Lag Co J042-.32 V,1. F'.ltnn St. C i> l.v .inO , ill. IjO*' I 2 ['ll (31!) !!A 1 -52a? Testif... Mae hi a..-s Inc 400 IVi; v lcw Ave . Ami tyi lie, NY i ' 7li] PH (316) t'42-jMOe1 pen -_____ST'I'IT,,; PAX- ' Cl X IL < 1 '' ' l I'O )' t . c.Ca f: ring C o . lA4.,-;2 w, I- It 1 LO-*. St. Chic O, in. 60*. L 2 Pli (312) HA. 1 -5257 i:_i. JX ' . yJX1. io:-: 1in M-- i: :e 400 vi; V.'-- . Ami r yv l1 lc-, NY IJl'Jl PU (516) 842 -3-00 L.A.B. Corn. P.O. Box 0 Skai.ea u H i , i;\' i' 1 '< ph (315) cv : I . A. B. 0 ar: P.O. V- ' C. Sknnr . H a PH (3: >1 L.A,2. Cor: P.O, Lev ' Ski-oni- iv > , PH (31 >) CV j-I SP1-25646 /;L A Division of The Society of the Plastics Industry 250 Parte Avenue New York New York 100' 7 '272' 687 2675 New Telephone Number (212) 573-9400 October 25, 1974 TO: MEMBERS OF THE TECHNICAL COMMITTEE OF THE PLASTIC BOTTLE INSTITUTE Dear Member: Enclosed is a draft copy of our technical bulletin entitled "Visual Color Evaluation of Clear Rigid PVC Bottles - Recommended Practice." Please review the technical bulletin and complete and return the ballot no later than November 15, 1974, All negative ballots must be accompanied by an explanation to be considered valid. Cordially, Thomas J. McGrath General Manager TJM/uxn att. SPI-25647 A Owisian The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc 250 Park Avenue New York, New Yor* 10017 '212) 687-2675 BALLOT Please Complete and Return to: Hr. Themes J. McGrath, General Manager The Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. 250 Park Avenue New York, New York 10017 Test Method Visual Color Evaluation of Clear ligid PVC Bottles - Recommended Practice Affirmative ___ // Negative // Signature Name Company Address PLEASE RETURN ALL BALLOTS BY NOVEMBER 15. 1974. ALL NEGATIVE BALLOTS MUST BE ACCOMPANIED BY AN EXPLANATION TO BE VALID! SPI-25648 DRAFT VISUAL COLOR EVALUATION OF CLEAR RIGID FVC BOTTLES - RECONMENDED PRACTICE SCOPli This recommended practice is designed to provide a method for evaluating the color tint of clear polyvinyl chloride bottles. This recommended practice is intended for use in determining the acceptability of bottle color as agreed upon between buyer and seller* SIGNIFICANCE The significance of this recommended practice is limited to the visual determination of whether or not a bottle is within predetermined accept able color tint limits* SUMMARY OF PRACTICE This recoirmended practice consists of evaluating the color tint of clear PVC bottles when compared to standard shades of blue, green, scarlet, violet and/or yellow solutions (singly or in combination) in distilled water. APPARATUS 1. Specimen Holder (See attached sketch). 2. Macbeth Light - Model No. BBX-526 or equivalent# 3. Predetermined Color Limit Samples in 200ml test tubes (sealed). MATERIALS 1. lightfast water soluble dyes. A. American Cyanamid (1) Calcomine Blue 7GSL (2) Calcocid Alizarine Blue SAPG (3) Calcocid Crocein Scarlet (4) Calcocid Violet 3BLF (5) Calcocid Fast Yellw 3G EX, Cone, (continued) SP1-25649 B. GAP (1) Alizarine Supra Sky RA (2) Alizarine Cyanine Green QiN Ccnc. (3) Alizarine Geranol B (Violet) (4) Alizarine Irisol RD (Violet) (5) Fast Light Yellow D-3GA Ex. 2. Distilled Water Page Two TEST SAMPLES Clear rigid PVC bottles of any size, weight or shape may be tested. No set number of bottles is required. Sufficient bottles should be evaluated to be reasonably certain that the results obtained represent the lot or production rut from which bottles were taken. PROCEDURE 1. Prepare standard solutions in glass containers by completly dis solving the water soluble dyes (approximately O.Smg/liter) in distilled water to produce the required color shades. 2. Fill the clear PVC sanple bottle (s) to be evaluated with distilled water. 3. Place the filled PVC sanple bottle between the two color limit stand ard solutions in the specimen holder. Place specimen holder in Macbeth Light for evaluation. REPORT The report shall include the following; 1. Complete identification of the bottle evaluated including size, style, material, method of processing, weight, date of manufacture and any other pertinent information. 2. Number of bottles evaluated and date. 3. Report whether bottles evaluated were within limits and any other comments, as required. RLH/ls 6-28-74 SPI-25650 S P E C I MEN HOLDER TOP VIEW SIDE VIEW SPl-25651