Document LKp4ybVZKyYy6qLVnLGgddnZb

FILE NAME: Pratt & Whitney (PW) DATE: 1958 Apr DOC#: PW002 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: AIHA Journal Article - Asbestos AMERICAN Industrial Hygiene A S S O C I A T I O h Journal Volume 19 APRIL 1958 Number 2 T he Control of a Lead Hazard in the Silvebsmithing Industry..................... 73 Leonard D. Pagnotto and Harold Bavley I nstrument Developments in H ealth Physics ............................................... 75 F. E. Adley Studies on the Toxicity of ii-Propyl Nitrate Va p o r ........................... SO William E. Rinehart, Robert C. Garbers, Earle A . Greene and Robert M. Stoujer Noise E xposure E valuation .. ................................................... 84 Edward W. Poth and Carl J . Weinberg (with a Critique by K. C. Stewart) T he Toxicology of an Aniline-Furfuryl Alcohol-Hydrazine Vapor Mixture 91 Keith H. Jacobson, W illiam E. Rinehart, Henry J . Wheelwright J r ., M artin A. iioss, Jackie L. P apin, Robert C. Daly, Earle .4. Greene and W illiam A . Gro N uclear Safety and I ndustrial H ygiene in the F abrication of N uclear F uel E lements ................ .101 U ' B H am s and L R. Solon T he E ffectiveness of Sand as a F ilter Medium.................... ... 107 li. E. Yoder and F. M. Empson Criteria for Establishing Short T erm P ermissible Ingestion of F allout Material............................... Ill Gordon M. Dunning Current P roblems in the F ield of R espiratory P rotection.................... 121 E. C. Hyatt R espirator Problems in Atomic E nergy Practice 123 G. H'. C. Tail and T . H . Byington A Discussion of the Bureau of Mines Approval Schedules for R espiratory P rotective Devices .................. 126 S. J . Pearce A Comparison of P erformance Standards and T ests Specified bt B ureau of Mines Schedule 14F and by the Chemical Corps for the M9A1 Mask 130 Gerald J. Fleming Respiratory P rotection Equipment Developments by the U. S. Army Chem ical Corps............................................................................................. 140 Allan L. West T he R espirator P roblem--an I ndustrial H ygienist's Viewpoint Harry S. Jordan .. 149 H ygienic Guides Series............................................................................................. 154 N ews of Local Sections . ......................... 164 American I ndustrial Hygiene Association J ournal, puolished bi-monthly for the American Industrial Hygiene Associa tion. Dohrtnan H. Byers. Editor', Jack C. R&delifTe, Associate Editor; Lloyd E. Cordon, .Veins Editor. Editorial Offices, 1014 Broadway. Cincinnati 2. Ohio. Subscription |7.50 per year in the United States; 17.75 per year in Canada; 58.25 per year in alt other foreign countries. Single copies 11.50. Copyright, 1058, by The Williams tic Wilkins Co. Entered as second class m atter at the post office at Baltimore, Md. The American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal reserves the right to edit all advertisements and to refuse advertising copy when it does not meet the high standards adopted by the Associa tion Industrial Hygiene Journal C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PRO CEDURES: To prevent exposure to high concentrations of amorphous silica dust, process ventilation and/or en closure are the best, means of control. For some operations a dust respirator approved by the U. S. Bureau of Mines may be satisfactory. IY. Specific Procedures A. FIRST A ID : None. B. SPECIAL M EDICAL PROCEDURES: (1) Preplncement: Clinical and chest radiographic examinations should be made on all persons prior to job assignment. (21 Periodic: Since there is only lim ited information about the harmful effects of amorphous silica in in dustry, exposed personnel should have careful periodic medical ex aminations, including chest x-ray. Pulmonary function testing may be useful. (3) T reatm ent: No satisfactory trea t m ent other than removal from ex posure, and therapy for any com plicating infection. 161 V. Literature References 1. Cooper, W. C., et al: Industrial Hy giene Foundation Transaction Bulletin No. 30,182-194. 2. Drinker, P. and Hatch, T .: Industrial Dust. McGraw-Hill Co., Inc. New York, 1954. 3. Fraser, D. A.: .4AM Arch, of Ind. Hi/p. and Oce. Med., S: 412, 1953. 4. Lambie, J. S.: Ind. Med., 7: 470,193S. 5. Palxcard, A. and Collet, A.: AMA Arch, of Ind. Hyg. and Occ. Med., 9: 389, 1954. 6. Schepers, G. W. H., et al: AMA Arch, of Ind. Health, IS: 125, 1957; ibid, 16: 203, 1957; ibid, 16: 280, 1957: ibid. 16: 363, 1957; ibid, 16: 499, 1957. 7. Smart, R. H. and Anderson, W. M.: Ind. Med. and Surg., 21: 509, 1952. 8. T ebben5, B. D. and Beard, R . R .: AMA Arch. Ind. Health. 16: 5 5 ,1957. 9. U. S. Public Health Service; California Departm ent of Public H ealth; Nevada State Health Department ; Oregon State Board of Health: Progress Report of Study of Pneumoconiosis Hazards in the Diatomite Processing Industry. 1955. Asbestos I. Hvgienic Standards A.'R E C O M M E N D E D M AXIM UM AT M O SPHERIC CONCENTRATION (S hours): 5 million particles per cubic foot of air (M P P C F )1 (1) Basis for Recommendation: Experi ence in industry," **" and ani mal experiments.1, * B. SEVERITY OF HAZARDS: (1) Health: Long continued inhalation of asbestos dust results in a form of pneumoconiosis known as osbes- tosiv The primary effect of inhala tion is an interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. The disease is characterized by asbestos bodies in the lungs and sputum. Based on roentgenological examinations, asbestosis can be clas sified as minimal, moderate, and advanced. I t is a serious disease in some instances, but more frequently it remains nondisabling for many years, even without appreciable symptoms, as long as some other serious disease does not supervene to cause death.* Chief symptoms of advanced asbestosis are variable cough, dyspnea, subsiem al chest pains, decreased chest expansion, weakness, emaciation, clubbed fin ger tips, and curved fingernails. Any appreciable decrease in the amount of asbestos dust in the breathing atmosphere will cause a decrease in the incidence and severity of asbestosis. Individual suceptibility varies ' There have been reports of an increased incidence of lung can cer m person* with asbestosis.3 (2) Fire: None. C. SHORT EXPOSURE TOLERANCE: Not applicable: II. Significant Properties A fibrous magnesium calcium silicate which occurs in various combinations as white, greyish or greenish masses, either compact or of long silky fibers, flax-like and readily separated. About 95% of commerical asbes tos is ehrysotile, which is derived from serpentine, and is n hydrous magnesium 162 silicate containing from 12 to 14 per cent water of crystallisation. III. Industrial Hygiene Practice A. RECOGNITION: The spinning and weaving of asbestos, in combination with other textiles for fire proof and beat resistant doth, results in dust exposure. I t may be used by itself or combined with other materials for valve packings, gaskets, boiler lagging and pipe cover ing, protective clothing, shielding ma terials, and as automotive brake linings. In the building industry it is used in the manufacture of asbestos cement products, heat insulating, and fire proofing materials. B. EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES: As bestos dust may be sampled with the electrostatic precipitator or by the impinger methed using alcohol or alcohol and water, as the collecting medium,*' * and dust counts made by the standard light field technique* The recommended maximum atmospheric concentration of S M PPCF is based upon the impinger sampling procedure. C. RECOMMENDED CONTROL PRO CEDURES: Prevention of asbestosis depends entirely upon preventing ex posure to concentrations of dust suffi ciently high to produce the characteris tic reaction. Enclosure or local exhaust ventilation are the principal means of dust control. U. S. Bureau of Mines ap proved dust respirators may be worn as protection for some operations. IV. Specific Procedures A. FIRST AID : None. B. SPECIAL MEDICAL PROCEDURES: (1) Preplacement: Clinical and radio- graphic chest examinations prior to job assignment. (2) Periodic: Exposed personnel should April, 1SSS have periodic clinical examinations for signs and symptoms of asbestosis. These should include exami nation of the sputum for asbestosis bodies, and chest x-rays of good quality. (3) Treatment: No satisfactory treat m ent other than removal from ex posure and therapy for any com plicating infection. V. Literature References 1. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists: AMA Arch, of lid . Health, 16: 261, 1957. 2. Cartier, Paul: AMA Arch, of Ind. Health, 11: 204, 1955. 3. Doll, R.: Brit. J. ltd . Med., IS: S, 1955. 4. D reesen, W. C., et al: Public Health Bulletin No. 241, Supt. of D oc, Wash ington, D . C , 1938. 5. D u m b , P . and Hatch, T .: Industrial Dust. McGraw-Hill Book Co, In c , New York, 1954. 6. F ahuull, Lawbsncb T .; Industrial Toxicology. The Williams & Wilkins C o , Baltimore, U d , 1957. 7. Kino, E . J , et al: Thorax I, p. 186, 1946. S. Lynch, . M.: AMA Arch, of Ind. Health, 11: 185, 1955. 9. McPheeters, S. B.: J . Ind. Hyg. < Toz., 18: 229, 1936. 10. P age, R . T. and Bloouheld, J. J.; Pub. Health Repts. SS: 1713, 1937. 11. Patty, F rank A.: Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, Val. 1. Interscience Publishers, In c , New York, 1948. 12. Smith, K . W , AMA Arch, of Ind. Health, IS: 198, 1955. 13. Vorwald, A. J , et al: AMA Arch. Ind. Hyg. and Occup. Med. 3: 1, 1951. Because of space limitatione, it is impossible to list all methods of exposure evaluation. The selections have been made on the basis of current usage, reliability, and applicability to the usual industrial type of exposure. A ny specific evaluation and/or control problem will involve professional judgment. This can best be done by professional industrial hy giene personnel. Respiratory protective devices are commercially available. Their use, however, should b* confined to emergency or interm ittent exposures and not relied upon as primary means of hasard control. A relative teale is used for rating the severity of hazards: nil, low, moderate, high, and extra hazardous.