Document LKdzpV3n1VZ086Lb9qvRxge27

Chemicals INDUSTRIES BULLETIN 55A ichloride High-purity ethylene dtchlonde (EDC) is produced by PPG Industries Chemical Division at Lake Charles, Louisiana. Ad ditional capacity is available from the Guayanilla, Puerto Rico plant beginning in 1971. PPG is one of the world's largest producers of ethylene dichloride and ships to customers in tank cars, barges, tank trucks and ocean-going ships. PPG makes technical-grade ethylene dichlonde by direct chlorination of ethy lene. EDC made by this process has a higher purity, typically 99.99%, and less than 50 ppm of unsaturated chlorinated compounds. This quality is important to companies processing EDC into vinyl chloride monomer fVCM) because un saturates yield impurities such as vinylidene chloride, trichlorethylene and other high-boiling compounds Impurities not only lower VCM yields but also form carbon in EDC cracking furnaces, EDC made by PPG Industries via direct chlori nation also has fewer high-boiling and low-boiling chlorinated compounds than EDC made by other methods USES Almost three-quarters of the ethylene dichlonde produced in the U.S. is used as an intermediate for making vinyl chlor ide. Other important intermediate uses for EDC include making 1,1,1-trichloroethane, trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, and ethylenediamine. Plasticizers such as the ethylene gly cols, the high-boiling solvent ethylene glycol diacetate, and succinonitrile also use EDC as their base. Ethylene dichloride also is used widely as a scavenging agent in tetraethyllead fuel additive compounds to prevent lead salts and lead oxide from deposition on engine cylinder walls. Ethylene dichloride is an excellent solvent for greases, oils, fats and waxes. Although other chlorinated solvents have displaced it in many applications, ethy lene dichloride has certain advantages. These include low cost, superior solvency for certain substances, stability to hydro lysis under special conditions of usage, inertness toward metals and resistance to oxidation. The major solvent applications for ethylene dichloride include'. Industrial extraction solvent in the manu facture of drugs, fish meal and animal feed. Industrial cleaning solvent for removing contaminants from processing equipment. EE>C is used widely as a diluent in blends with other solvents. Chemical process solvent for processing pesticides, herbicides and other products. Formulation solvent for pesticides and paints, also paint removers. In adhesives based on nitnle and polysulfide rubbers. As an amine carrier for leaching copper. TYPICAL PROPERTIES Chemical Names: Ethylene dichloride, ethylene chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane. Chemical Formula: CHjCICHjCl Molecular Weight: 98.97 Description: Ethylene dichloride is clear and colorless. It darkens slowly upon exposure to sunlight. It has an odor like chloroform. The liquid is mobile, volatile and flammable. Its vapor is toxic and flammable. Boiling Point, 83.5 182.1 Freezing Point, C F -35.9 -32.6 Flash Point, Tag open cup, C F 21 70 Explosive Limits, volume % in air 6.2 to 1 5.9 Autoignition Temperature, C Op 413 775 Viscosity at 25C, cps 0.78 Specific Gravity, 20/20C 1 255 Density at 20C, pounds/gallon 10.5 Refractive Index at 20C, nn 1.444 Vapor Pressure at 20C, mm Hg 62.0 Vapor Density, air = 1 3.42 Solubility at 25C, g EDC/100 g water at 20C, g water/100 g EDC 0.84 0.16 Solubility: Ethylene dichloride is soluble in most organic solvents. Reactivity: At moderate temperatures, ethylene dichloride is stable and resistant to oxidation. When moisture-free at ordinary temperatures, it does not corrode metals. But in contact with water at elevated tempera tures, ethylene dichioride will corrode iron and certain other com mon metals. SL 071198 Specifications: Purity, minimum % Color, maximum APHA Appearance Acidity, as HCL maximum ppm Alkalinity, as NaOH, maximum ppm Water, maximum ppm Free Chlorine Nonvolatile Residue, maximum ppm Total Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, low-boiling, maximum ppm Total Chlorinated Hydrocarbons, high-boiling, maximum ppm Total Oxygenated Compounds, maximum ppm C3 and Higher Compounds, maximum ppm Total Soluble Iron, maximum ppm 99.7 10 clear, free of suspended matter 10 10 200 none 100 500 500 300 300 0.5 GOVERNMENT SPECIFICATIONS PPG technical-grade ethylene dichlor ide meets the chemical and physical requirements of Military Specification M1L-E-I0662, Ethylene Chloride, Tech nical, including the requirement that 95% minimum distills between 82.5C and 84.5C at 760 mm Hg. TOXICITY Ethylene dichloride is toxic by inhala tion, absorption through the skin and mucous membranes, oral intake and ab sorption through the gastrointestinal tract. Repeated or prolonged exposures to the liquid or vapor are hazardous. If used in confined spaces, EDO can be fatal. The threshold limit value (TLV) estab lished in 1969* by the American Confer ence of Governmental Hygienists is 50 parts per million. Vapor concentrations in work areas should not exceed this TLV as a time-weighted average atmospheric con centration for an 8-hour day. Concentrations above 100 ppm cause burning of the eyes, tears and irritation of the nose and throat. Acute symptoms such as mental confusion, dizziness, nausea and vomiting are largely related to central nervous system depression or gas trointestinal upset and occur at higher concentrations. Injuries to the liver, kid neys, adrenal glands and lungs also occur at these higher levels. Chronic exposure to lower concentrations may have similar injurious effects. Repeated or prolonged contact causes reddening or burning of skin by removing the natural oils. If ethylene dichloride is held close to the skin, as by contaminated clothing, severe irritation and moderate edema and necrosis may result. Pain, irritation and tears will follow if it is splashed into the eyes. Any ethylene dichloride splashed into the eyes should be immediately removed by eye irrigation with water for at least 1 5 minutes. If it is not immediately removed, serious eye damage may result. More information appears in "Indus trial Hygiene and Toxicology," second revised edition, volume II, edited by Irish and Fassett, Interscience Publishers, New York, N.Y., 1963. pages 1280-1284. * Threshold limit values are reviewed yearly and are revised periodically. HANDLING AND STORAGE Ethylene dichloride is a flammable liquid. It introduces a fire hazard wher ever it is handled, stored or used. At high temperatures, such as occur in open flames, it decomposes to give off toxic and corrosive gases. Mixed with air at ordinary temperatures, ethvfene dichlor ide is explosive within the limits of 6.2 to 15.9% by volume. Fire and explosion hazards can be minimized by adequate ventilation, the proper types and arrange ment of equipment, and reasonable pre cautions and care in handling. Information on the "Safe Handling and Use of Ethylene Dichloride" appears in Chemical Safety Data Sheet SD-18 published by the Manufacturing Chemists Association, 1825 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. The MCA also publishes Manual Sheet TC-4 on "Unloading Flammable Liquids from Tank Cars," PACKAGING AND SHIPPING PPG Industries delivers ethylene dichlonde by tank car, barge, tank truck and ship. There are two producing points' Lake Charles, Louisiana and Guayanilla. Puerto Rico. Tank car and tank truck shipments can also be made from a terminal in Chicago, Illinois. Tank car capacities include 4,000. 8,000, 10,000 and 20,000 gallons. Tank truck capacity is generally 4,000 gallons. SAMPLES AND SERVICE Samples of ethylene dichloride are available in various sizes to meet cus tomer requirements. The technical service staff of PPG Industries Chemical Division is available for consulting on handling, storage and use. INDUSTRIES A 1009 2 5M 570 PPG INDUSTRIES, Inc. Chemical Division One Gateway Center Pittsburgh, Pa. 15222 I'THJ'V license I nrljiMr -Ki.jr-I- SO'T-I and shu , ; Observe ,n:< fj cl irt.-tc:t iO "s Ait use. Hu' v u the ' eac ot t'k Oil'- i>F jrt' iKihfNJ the he'.t (HknilAn tnPPC. l ruJ ur.H 'Of,, Ini. Lull ,1ft' nut unties ot pOrtorrn.inrr u result ni>r tin thoy i'iO'V- to mfrtnge ,i'iy nr .m ijtlfr nt .iriy p.itent ' r ,j n f c. h respect TO if 5 products F'PCi h.)T Thi-Y I'Ontorni to its ou.ihtv cntiim 'i .Mvf !t'-' 1 u`h i; 11 y t f ugh the', - t *e h,i, he Idt ie1 unttLiHV .m' > i i.JS Till P ret ,iu 1 iOll.lt y nii/fideit t or household I rv 'tiust hr k epT but ot Printed m U S A SI 07n