Document LKDjyD8Yep4kQ1pJ8ZoMo1KRQ

Lead Pads for Huge Arch Roof^of Hershey Sports Arena \ST winter the new sports arena at Hershey, Pa., was L opened. It is a mammoth structure containing a regulation hockey rink seating 7,200 spectators, and accommodating 10.000 at events requiring less floor space. Over-all dimensions of the building are 2451/2 ftby 364 ft. One of the most interesting features of the building is its roof construction. It is a barrel vault concrete roof of the Zeiss-Dywidag type, 2321/2 ft. by 343 ft. over-all. with a shell only 314 in. thick. This shell is stiffened at 39 ft.'intervals by two-hinged arch ribs that span 222 ft. between hinge centers. The roof crown is 100 ft. above the floor. The shell was constructed in five units with expansion joints between. Lead performs an important function in the hinges which provide flexibility and allow movement at the base of the arch reinforcing ribs. Hinges are a com bination of lead pads and Mesnager hinges. Steel re inforcing bars. 1 in. in diameter, protrude from the piers in a fan shape, intersecting at the center of the joint. A lead pad 3 ft. long and 9 in. wide fits snugly against the bars on each side. These pads are 1 in. thick and are set % in. into a depression in the pier, leaving % in. exposed above the concrete on which they rest. A varnish coating was applied to both sides of the lead to prevent any possible corrosion from free lime while the concrete is green4.A 2 in. space was then left be tween the base of the concrete arch and the top of the concrete pier except where the lead pads occur, the arch resting on the lead at that point. The arches were designed for a maximum reaction of 1,100,000 lb. and maximum rotation at the hinge is 24 minutes under extreme load. In the hinges the-lead takes most of the normal pressure and the fan-like bars take the stress due to rotation and prevent motion due to differential thrusts in the direction of the plane of the lead. The 1 in. bars are small enough to take bend ing stresses without being overstrained. Special tests made by the engineers showed that there is a more or less definite yield point for lead so long as it is kept uninterruptedly under a pressure that is not materially released. According to the engineers. Reinforcing bars forming semi-hinge between arches and footings. The lead pads are placed in the depression shown in the footing. LIA2 542 5 [21 Arch foundation piers on top of which lead pads rest in depression shown in photo at left, with hinge rein- jorcing bars protruding. it could be assumed that the lead would exhibit an elas tic behavior below an established yield point under the high constant pressure of the dead load of the roof with only slight changes caused by live load. Since it was impossible to make long-time studies of plastic defor mation. the lead plates were confined in galvanized angle-iron frames to eliminate any tendency to flow. I In this connection, it is interesting to note that tests carried out several years ago on lead-asbestos anti vibration pads 1 in. thick containing two Vfi *n- layers of lead showed virtually no lateral deformation of the pads at maximum load, which was 400,000 lb. per sq. ft., but these tests were likewise short-time.) Lead pads in this type of hinge are said to permit necessary rotation by yielding slightly when movement Cross-section through arch hinge, indicating location oj lead pads and angle-iron frames. Interior of the Hershey Sports Arena. Some of the roof stiffening ribs that rest on lead pads at each end are visible. occurs, yet maintain an even bearing surface and pre vent cracking of the concrete. To make certain that forces between the arch and abutment are transferred only at the hinge and to protect against corrosion, as phalt and cork filling was used in all joints around the bars and lead. The new arena is one of the fine community projects built by the Hershey interests for the benefit of the resi dents of the town in which Hershey Chocolate is made. It was designed and constructed by Hershey Lumber Products, of which D. Paul Witmer is general manager. Roberts & Schaefer Co. of Chicago were designing and supervising engineers for the Z-D vaulted roof with Anton Tedesko in direct charge of design and construc tion. Complete descriptions of the roof construction and methods have been given in Engineering News-Record. Apr. 8, 1937: Construction Methods and Equipment. Apr. 1937; and Architectural Concrete, vol. 3, no. 1. Brilliant Lead Chromate Paint on Golden Gate Bridge OR a definite esthetic reason, the color known as F "international airways orange"' has been selected for the final coat of paint on San Francisco's huge Golden Gate Bridge. Incidental to its color, but also of great importance, is the fact that this paint is extremely durable under adverse exposure conditions. It is made of basic lead chromate, which is manufactured from the lead monoxide known as litharge, and has a brilliant vermillion color remaining bright and free from fading for a long time. Since the Golden Gate Bridge is a structure of such magnitude and is so definitely "located" in the land scape, it was felt that a color should be used that would emphasize its size and make it stand out from its sur roundings. "International airwavs orange" accomplishes both these objectives. In foggy weather, gray is the prevailing landscape color and in fair weather it is blue. Against both these colors, the brilliant orange contrasts well and enhances the scale of the structure. That the color selected for the bridge is the same as that adopted by the nations of the world a year or more ago to be the official color for airway markers is purely Magnificent Golden Gate Bridge at San Francisco, painted with a finish coat of "international airways orange" made from basic lead chromate. LIA254Z6 [3] a coincidence. In the latter case, its adoption was be cause of its high visibility. In the future "international airways orange" will probably find much more extended fields of usefulness now that the builders of the Golden Gate Bridge have recognized its value and employed it on a large scale. Since it is durable, attractive and highly visible, it will be found appropriate for many uses other than airway markers. Joseph B. Strauss is chief engineer for the Golden Gate Bridge and Irving F. Morrow its architect. A de scription of the bridge and red lead priming coats was contained in LEAD for November, 1936. It was after seeing the structure primed with red lead that the ap propriateness of the brilliant color was realized, for "international airways orange" is quite similar to red lead in color. Lead Makes Excellent Flashing for Corrugated Transite E \D (lashing and gutters were used on the new ware L house of Jones & Laughlin Steel Service, Inc., in Long Island Citv, N. Y.. in conjunction with corrugated transite roofing and siding. This Company merchan dises a complete line of steel products manufactured by Jones & Laughlin. Lead flashing was chosen as the best possible medium of protection against wind and weather as well as heat loss. Gable ends of the saw tooth roofs, cap Hashings in the saw tooth roof valleys, and window head, jamb and sill flashings were all 4 lb. soft lead and the gutters were 4 lb. hard lead. All lead flashing was installed in short pieces, over lapped and unsoldered, so that expansion and con traction was minimized and confined to each individual piece uf flashing. Where necessary, lead-headed bolts were employed as they require no puttying to make the bolt holes water-tight since the lead heads take care of this. The accompanying drawings show how the lead was installed. It will be noted that the flashing had to be formed to fit into the corrugations of the roofing and siding. The designers used an economical and interest ing method to accomplish this. Practically all the [lashing was shopformed by stamping to fit the cor rugations. Formed lead is the finest solution of the problem of a corrugated sloping surface joined to a flat vert.ca; surface. The valuable steel housed in the WURTS BROS. Roof of Jones & Laughlin Steel Service, Inc., warehouse, giving an idea of the large quantity of lead flashing re quired with this type of construction. heated bays could be insured in no other manner. Lead has numerous advantages for flashing corru gated transite roofing and siding. Because it is soft, it is easily formed, either by hand or by stamping, to fit snuglv into the corrugations, thus making an appre ciable saving in installation cost. The snug fit of lead in the corrugations permits making the building wind as well as water-tight, an essential if the building is to be heated as this one is. Lead is the most durable com mon metal when exposed to the atmosphere. Since transite is most frequently used in industrial areas, as LIA 2 54 2 7 [4] WL'RTS BROS. Warehouse of Jones <* Laughlin Steel Service, Inc.. Lons Island City. V. Y. I.-'ad sable end. window and cap Hashing may be seen in the cover photo. Gutters are also lead. B&BBB35&&ZE anman mm Tvpical sections through some of the various kinds of lead flashing used icith corrugated transite roofing and siding on Jones & Laughlin Steel Service, Inc., warehouse. LIA25428 [5] in this case, lead's great resistance to attack by indus trial fumes found in the atmosphere is of particular importance. Furthermore, lead offers about twice the thickness of metal usually obtained in flashing, which adds proportionately to the life of the flashing. Appear ance is another advantage, for lead's color blends well with that of transite and lead does not stain. The gutters, which are 10 in. wide at the bottom, are 4 lb. hard lead. Longitudinal angle irons support the base of the gutter and the lead was wrapped around a flat iron bar to form a stiffening bead at the front. Ex pansion joints were provided at all high points. The building was designed by A. W. Barbour and William H. Higbie. Jones & Laughlin engineers. JohnsManville Corp.. which recommends lead flashing with its transite. supplied the transite roofing and siding, and John Schneider Roofing Contractors. Inc., of Brooklyn. N. Y., installed the transite and lead work. White Lead Hangs Mural and Decorates Bank Interior m N the main banking room of the new Dry Dock Sav the canvas applied and carefully rolled smooth. This i I ings Institution Building in New York City, designed by Louis Weeks, and Cross & Cross, architects, the cen operation was done by the decorators, Mack, Jenney and Tyler, of New York, who have had much experience tral decorative feature is a beautiful mural measuring in hanging fine murals. They use the white lead-varnish 20 ft. by 30 ft. It depicts a packet ship of the period of mixture for this purpose exclusively. 1848 coming safely into the protecting harbor from a Although the main banking room is paneleetevith stormy sea and is called "Safe Haven". Painted by wood, many of the other rooms, including the directors' Griffith Bailv Coale, well known New Tork artist, this room, officers' quarters, clerical department and em arresting mural represents the safe haven provided by ployees' rest room, are plastered. They are painted the bank, which was founded in 1848. It lends a dis with pure white lead and given a stippled finish, a treat tinguished and unusual air to the banking quarters. ment that provides a beautiful, durable and washable Unseen, lead helps to make this a beautiful decora wall treatment. White lead is the favorite of leading tive feature. To hang this heavy canvas, a strong, dura decorators for the finest interior paint finishes. ble adhesive was necessary. For that purpose. 400 lb. The mixing formulas appearing in Lead , January, of paste white lead was mixed with 4 gal. of high grade 1937, can be recommended for pure white lead paint on varnish. This mixture was brushed onto the wall and interior plaster. A Unique Traveling Lumber and Paint Display O extend its program more rapidly and thoroughly Tto local lumber dealers throughout the country, thp Lumber Products--Better Paint Campaign has added a new traveling field office and display to the one it em ployed last year. Presented to the Campaign by the Douglas Fir Plywood Association, the new office is a trailer coach specially constructed for its purpose. It is built of waterproof Douglas Fir Plywood on the out side and regular Douglas Fir Plywood inside. This program is designed to educate lumber dealers to the importance of pure white lead or the highest quality prepared paint as an aid in promoting lumber markets. The educational displays carried by the coach are exhibited to the public as well as lumber dealers in order to stimulate the public desire to build with lumber and beautifv with good paint. Among the most interest ing of the display materials are exact scale model house exteriors and interiors less than 20 in. long, built from actual house plans. They demonstrate the beautiful Traveling field office and display of the Lumber Products-- Better Paint Campaign, presented by Douglas Fir Plywood Association, in front of U. S. Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, Ifis. effects that may be obtained by the use of lumber products and good paint, and show how these materials can be combined to produce different and refreshing effects in both modern and traditional treatments. One of the great advantages of building with lumber is that, by the use of paint, it may always be kept new and fresh looking and new effects or decorative treatments applied to existing buildings at little expense. Other exhibits, prepared by the U. S. Forest Products Laboratory, show how a tree grows, the cellular struc- Two of the model interiors, about 18 in. wide, displayed by the Lumber Products--Better Paint Campaign to show the possibilities of decoration with paint. IA25430 [7] WURTS BROS. One oj the exterior models, about 18 in. wide, showing the wonderfully attractive appearances possible through the use of lumber and paint. ture of wood, how a log is sliced into lumber and how to construct walls to prevent moisture condensation damaging to paint films. Paint pigments and their opacity are also displayed, and at meetings conducted on the coach's tour, discussions of painting and decorat ing possibilities and problems are held. The Lumber Products--Better Paint Campaign is sponsored by the Lead Industries Association as a con tribution to the lumber industry to increase lumber markets through the use of better paint. Lumber manu facturers' and wood working associations, plywood manufacturers, lumber dealers', wholesalers' and sales men's associations, the Painting and Decorating Con tractors of America and the National Paint, Varnish and Lacquer Association, are cooperating in the Campaign. Stone Surfaces Perfectly Imitated by Use of White Lead HITE LEAD has a multitude of interesting Wpainting applications. A striking new example of white lead's versatility is afforded by the Oceanic Building at 2 Pine Street, San Francisco, Cal., as shown by the accompanying photograph. The upper six floors and penthouse of this structure are of concrete construc tion. The first floor and mezzanine are faced with granite. About two and a half years ago, the upper six floors were painted with three coats of white lead and linseed oil. Immediately after the application of the last lead coat, before drying, a mixture of granite ag gregates was applied under pressure by a spray gun. The resultant effect is a close approximation of the real thing. It provides an extremely durable surface and at a short distance away it is impossible to distinguish the job from natural granite. An illustration reproduced here shows some of the interesting stone textures obtain able by the use of this method. Practically any type of fine grained stone construction can be imitated. In addition to the building above described, several other structures in and around San Francisco have been finished in the manner indicated, as well as the Bank of America branches in Eureka, Crescent City and Exeter, Cal. The originator and applicator of this system of paint ing is J. Z. Smith, San Francisco, Cal. Oceanic Building, San Francisco. The concrete upper stories are made to imitate the two granite lower stories by the use of white lead and granite aggregate. LIA25431 Five stone textures obtained by the use oj white lead and appropriate stone aggregates. [8] PRINTED BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING CO. NEW YORK, U.S.A.