Document LKDd90GbaQVLQ4JXd5bXmjkv3

/*H V5 -lYrtQUjfOf A 55 Industrial Hygiene Industrial Dusts--What Every Supervisor Should Know By L. E. HAMLIN, M.D. Medical Dir., American Brake Shoe Company, Chicago, 111. Most manufacturing procedures are capa ble of generating varying amounts of dust which may be visible, invisible, dangerous or inert It is therefore important that these substances be properly classified in order to protect the health of employees and pro vide safe environments in which they may carry on their daily occupations. Obviously the supervisor should have some knowledge of industrial dusts since the responsibility for enforcing measures in stituted for their control usually falls upon his shoulders. Unless he has a good idea of the actual risks confronting hint, he will be at a disadvantage in securing cooperation from those under his direction. Ability to answer questions concerning plant hazards in a convincing maner is a very important factor in any dust control program, and if the supervisor cannot explain the necessity of avoiding exposure to toxic materials the worker under his charge is very unlikely to pay attention to it. On the other hand, a brief explanation that carries the ring of sincerity and truth can frequently correct unnecessary mis understanding. For example, a capable young employee was worried about con tracting silicosis because he worked in a plant where at times there appeared to be considerable dust in the atmosphere. He did not know that this dust was free from silica or other harmful ingredient, but his foreman did. Knowledge of his own department enabled the supervisor to convince the workman that not only was the dust inert but also plans were under way for the installation of new ventilating equipment which would remove the particles that were already pres ent The man was satisfied and the computy was able to retain the services of a good employee. . What then are some of the fundamental i tog* a supervisor should know about in dustrial dusts? Dust is formed by reducing earthy materials to small size. Processes like grinding, crushing, blasting, and drilling produce dust particles of sizes from the submicroscopic to the visible. Fumes are formed from combustion, sub limation and condensation. Those from burning or melting lead or sum: are typical examples. The size of the particles is gen erally below one micron. (A micron is 1/25,OOOtli of an inch.) Smoke is usually of organic origin from such things as burning tobacco, wood, oil or coal. The particle size is usually below a half micron. Mists or fogs are formed by condensation of water vapor and the particle or droplet size varies widely. The most important item to the super visor is the realization that he may be deal ing with a dust which can produce bodily harm. His first consideration should be "How Is the man himself affected? Is the dust present in sufficient amounts in the air to be a source of danger? Does it exist in the pure state or is it mixed with other dusts? What is the actual count of particles per cubic foot of air, and what percentage of these is of respirable size (below 10 microns and especially those below three microns? How long does it take to develop occupational disease of the lungs from ex posure to dust?" AH this may appear to be outside the scope of the supervisor's activities since after all his job is concerned primarily with production. However, most industries place the responsibility for carrying out safety measures on the foreman and it is apparent that his department will suffer if these are not properly enforced. Safety therefore in cludes precautions against occupational dis ease as well as accidents so that some knowl edge of methods for controlling exposure from dangerous dusts, toxic fumes or other Industrial Safety is a proper part of the the heavy metals like lead, mercury, and manganese can be highly toxic and poisoning advocated that Ms duties be so from these substances has been recognised to encroach opoo the field of for maty years. ' _J hygienist bat ft b reasonable Recently serious and even fatal illness : to mut that he eqtdp hfanself has been found to occur from exposure to tosmtlil details concerning ocean beryllium and some of its eompntiiub while " ** ' i ta the department he man* another occupational condition known as Information can be readily "Shaver's Disease" has produced severe dam *tim hb company medical do age to the lungs of workers exposed to or throagh other agencies soeh as fumes arising from the furing of bauxite, . of Poblk Health of state and the chief ore of aluminum, ra the manufac JypPvtiomenta. These bureaus wel- ture of artificial abrasives. ___^inquiry of this type and their services ' Generally speaking, the particle size which sde^ttouifiy available without charge. is most dangerous is in the range of one-half , ,`^llpdi '.CBnfnslon and misunderstanding to three microns ui diameter. Particles file Capacity of varkms dusts larger than these seldom reach die alveoli rWtof^'irtm occupational procedures to or terminal air faces of die lungs since they toMptyflprilcal disability. Exaggerated re- are filtered out by the "dlia" or natural |tofctel misrepresentation by individuals protective tneehamsm of the nose, throat ifiBbibiSar.. with their specific properties and large bronchi. There is also good evi Urto; lnertouMted certain materials knows dence that particles below one-half micron toJto..toite inactive and abaolved others in tice may be retained in the lungs in suffi -to possets harmful qualities. Expe- cient quantities to mult in disease This Hapfle^eoaembted through years of inten- means that the visible dost in a working five study rod research indicates that the place nuty not be as dangerous as die parfjStejority of industrial dusts have tides which are not seen by the naked eye. Ueffect on health other than their Industrial hygienist* emphasize this and i value and contribution toward poor also point out that although the amount of risible dust in the atmosphere in the vicinity /jUfthuora, fiie fact that they are untikdy of a certain job appears great, it does not to^fltaue occupational disease should not necessarily mean that die workman is in m totod as an excuse to do nothing about dm* A good working environment demands that, they be removed in spite of their innocOods characteristics and the smart super visor wifi do ell he can to accomplish their haling significant quantities of harmful partides. The exposure may be intermittent and of brief duration, or the air at the breathing level of the employee may be sufficiently clear that no undue risk is in volved. ' The wide assortment of dusts met with With the exception of beryllium and la Industry makes their classification into *WmfaT and "inert" categories difficult Those arising from organic sources such bauxite few of the aforementioned dusts cause damage to lung tissue and, as ex plained previously, not every person SO asaafanal and vegetable products as a rale do not cause serious harm but are capable of. producing local Irritation tike dermatitis or sldn rashes, dental conditions, and b- tirnuumtion of the eyes and the mucous mem brane lining of die upper air passages. 'The majority of harmful dusts encountered to IlMitoiitui Iniliiu processes are inorganic in exposed does develop occupational discern. At the present time it is generally agreed : that the most important sources of bdi* trial disease of the lungs are free or ta* combined rifica and asbestos. Silica or silicon dioxide which makes up approxi mately 60 per cent of die rocks and minerals of the earth's crust, is the specific cause ol, dgiltto. The specific effect on health vwtoSi - Chnjmimu, cadmium, arsenic, and ttofoJMflpounds produce local irritation as dO'fiw organic dusts but they can also cause gnanB bjtoxkatioa if prcscal in sufficient The dusts or fumes derived from file ailment affecting file lungs of workstl in dusty trades, known a* silicosis. - It is very important to recognize file that this widely known condition ca be acquired from any material other thro Industrial Hygiene 57 free tilka and also that it happens only when particles smaller than ten microns in size of this mineral have been inhaled over long periods of time, such as from two to 2S years with an average of ten years. The term "free silica" usually means quartz of which there are many varieties. There are also other forms of free silica. The scarring or fibrosis of the lungs which results from the action of uncombined titica casts -characteristic nodular shadows in the chest roentgenograms of those af fected. Frequently this is the only way the disease can be detected as it causes no symptoms in the early, uncomplicated stage. Other dusts may produce x-ray patterns which are difficult to differentiate from sili cosis and some unrelated illnesses may re semble it closely. The x-ray picture ob served after fiie inhalation of iron oxide particles among some welders and grinders shows densities which are all too often mistaken for those seen in silicosis. Since this condition (siderosis) is harmless, the implications of such misdiagnosis are ob vious. _ Unfamiliarity with industrial diseases of the hmgs by those charged with evaluating them properly has resulted in employees be coming needlessly alarmed, forsaking their jobs and forfeiting seniority while industry has lost good workmen and production. It has also paid unjust claims for disability. In a situation of this sort the supervisor suffers along with the rest since his de partment is bound to be affected by these conditions. To attempt to- tell the supervisor all he should know about the extensive subject of industrial dusts is an impossible assignment Suffice it to sty that the more he learns about them through Ms own volition, the better his qualifications for his job will be. Through such enterprise he will enter a new field of endeavor and discover a fascinating experience which will pay dividends both to himself and his company. The complexity of problems which con front the director of any department in today's exacting requirements presents a formidable challenge to his resources, and this, along with the working man's reason able insistence on a better place to work, demonstrates that a knowledge of industrial hygiene may well be a most important factor in the efficient discharge of his duties. The best treatment of any disease associ ated with industry is not to let it happen in the first place. The problem is for engi neers rather than physicians, but, regardless of the one on whom fiie burden falls, the final outcome depends upon the interest and efficiency of the man who manages a de partment. Occupational Dermatitis; Teamwork in Engineering and Medical Control By WALTER F. 8CHOLTZ Sapvr., Industrial Hygiene, AJHa-Chalmeru Mfg. Co., West Allis, Wis. We have accepted fiie challenge that occu pational dermatitis presents to industrial medicine, and accordingly it can be stated tint with proper care and intensive educa tional programs, occupational dermatitis can to checked and great savings effected Through the institution and maintenance * control measures workmen can be pro tected against dermatitis producing oils, ttomiciln, etc. The ideal control measures toll protect workmen all along the line-- ~ i fiie manufacturing of fiie basic mate- to five completed fabricated part Modem industry today is becoming so cognizant of the benefits of good preventive measures that they are not only relying on fiie worker alone, but are seeking the team work of everyone concerned Since the proof of fiie pudding is in (he eating, I would like to state what has been done through a concentrated piogram of occupational dermatitis control and preven tion which started in 1943 at the West Allis works o! our company. This concentrated program has resulted in a 74 per cent de crease and a reduction from 10.5 to 23 in the number of cases per million manhours of exposure. 1951 GENERAL SESSIONS 1951 National Safety Congress (Index to Transactions of all Sessions) Officers, Trustees, and Board of Directors........................ 5 Annual Council Meeting Minutes .......................................................................... 11 Sportsmanship in Safety .................................................... 13 Address by Millard Caldwell.............................................. 17 Six Steps Ahead ................................................................ 20 Banquet Address by Robert Young ................................................ 27 * Safety Exposition Exhibitors .................................................. 3! Index ................................................................................ ;.. 37 Volume 1 Transactions gQpfflf' National Safety Congress NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 No. Michigan Avow Chicago 11, III. (StCV) t! 11 National Safety Council <^62 503 BO. CL. ? 9 /, OFFICERS Chairman, Board of Directors: Charles R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. President: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Vice-President for Farms: Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, Na tional Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, III. Vice-President for Finance, and Treasurer: O. Gressens, Financial Vice-President, Peabody Coal Company, Chicago, III. Vice-Prtsident for Homes: Tyler S. Rogers, Assistant to the Execu tive Vice-President, Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., Toledo, Ohio. Vice-President for Industry: J. E. Trainer, Vice-President and Pro duction Manager, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Vice-President for Local Safety Organizations: Robert R. Snod grass, President, Atlas Auto Finance Co., Atlanta, Ga. Vice-President for Membership: L. R. Boulwabe, Vice-President, Employee & Plant Community Relations, General Electric Co., New York. N. Y. Vice-President for Public Information: Boyd Lewis, Executive Editor, NEA-Acme, New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Schools and Colleges: Dr. Herold C. Hunt, General Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, III. Vice-President for Traffic and Transportation: Thomas H. Mac Donald, Commissioner of Public Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. Vice-President for Women's Activities: Mrs. George W. Jaqua, Safety Chairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Win chester, Ind. Secretary: R. L. Forney, General Secretary, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Assistant Treasurers: B. B. McCulloch, President, Bureau of Safety, Inc., Chicago, 111.; H. H. Greenwald, Director, Accounting Divi sion, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. 5 National Safety Council TRUSTEES Chairman of the Trustees: Lee Warren James, Attorney, Old Brookville. Long Island, New York. (Note: Mr. James succeeded William A. Irvin as Chairman of the Trustees upon the latter's death Jan uary 2, 1952.) Vice-Chairman of the Trustees: John Stilwell, Yonkers, New York. Secretary of the Trustees: Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Members Winthrop W. Aldrich, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Chase National Bank, New York, N. Y. Melvin H. Baker, President, National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Lawrence D. Bell, President, Bell Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y. James B. Black, President, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco, Calif. S. Bruce Black, President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Morgan B. Brainard, President, Aetna Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. Cason J. Callaway, Blue Spring Farms, Hamilton, Ga. John W. Carpenter, President, Texas Power and Light Company, Dallas, Texas. William G. Chandler, President, Scripps-Howard Supply Company, New York, N. Y. Kenneth B. Colman, Seattle, Wash. Charles R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copper Corporation, New York, N. Y. (Ex-Officio.) Cleo F. Craig, President, American Telephone & Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y. Frederick C. Crawford, President, Thompson Products, Inc., Cleve land, Ohio. Walter J. Cummings, Chairman, Board of Directors, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, Chicago, 111. Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. (Ex-Officio.) Richard R. Deupree, Chairman, Board of Directors, Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. 6 National Safety Council Bf.njamin F. Faiki.kss, President, United States Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Francis J. Gavin, Chairman, Board of Directors, Great Northern Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn. William Green, President, American Federation of Labor, Wash ington, D. C. E. Roland Harkiman, Brown Brothers Harriman and Company, New York, N. Y. Lee Warren James, Old Brookville, Long Island, N. Y. George E. Leightv, President, Railway Labor Executives' Associa tion, Washington, D. C. Horace P. Liversidge, Chairman, Board of Directors, Philadelphia Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Gustav Metzman, President, New York Central System, New York, N. Y. Thomas A. Morgan, Chairman, Roard of Directors, The Sperry Corporation, New York, N. Y. Philip Murray, President, Congress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C. Benjamin O'Shea, Member, Board of Directors, Union Carbide and Carlion Corp., New York, N. Y. Thomas I. Parkinson, President, Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, New York, N. Y. W. S. S. Rodgers, Chairman, Hoard of Directors, The Texas Com pany, New York, N. Y. William A. Simpson, President, William Simpson Construction Com pany, Los Angeles, Calif. Herbert E. Smith, Memlrer, Board of Directors, United States Rubber Company, New York, N. Y. John Stilwell, Yonkers, N. Y. Arthur E. Stoddard, President, Union Pacific Railroad Co., Omaha, Nebr. Dr. John F. Thompson, Chairman and President, International Nickel Company of Canada, Ltd., New York, N. Y. Juan T. Trippe, President, Pan-American Airways System, New York, N. Y. Thomas J. Watson, President, International Business Machines Corp., New York, N. Y. C. E. Wilson, President, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Charles Deere Wiman, President, Deere and Company, Moline, III. Robert W. Woodruff, Chairman, Executive Committee, The CocaCola Company, Atlanta, Ga. 7 National Safety Council BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of the Board of Directors: Charles R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman of the Board of Directors: Franklin M. Kreml, Director, Traffic Division, International Association of Chiefs of Police, Evanston, HI. Members A. F. Allen, President, Texas Employers' Insurance Association, Dallas, Tex. J. I. Banash, Consulting Engineer, West Los Angeles, Calif. William B. Barton, Manager, Labor Relations Department, Chamber of Commerce of the United States, Washington, D. C. Mas. Oi.ivr Bf.ech, President, Beech Aircraft Corp., Wichita, Kans. C. W. Bergquist, Indianapolis, Ind. R. A. L. Bogan, Executive Vice-President, The Greyhound Corpora tion, Chicago, III. Norman E. Borgerson, Assistant Superintendent, State Department of Public Instruction, Lansing, Mich. L. R. Boulware, Vice-President, Employee & Plant Community Relations, General Electric Company, New York, N. Y. Fred W. Braun, Vice-President and Chief Engineer, The Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Wausau, Wis. Theo Brown, Director, Deere and Company, Moline, 111. E. J. Buhner, Chairman of the Board, Silver Fleet Motor Express, Inc., Louisville, Ky. Alfred W. Cantwell, Director, First Aid, Water Safety and Acc`* dent Prevention, American National Red Cross, Washington, D. C. Ray Carr, Advertising Counsel, Portland, Ore. E. J. Condon, Assistant to the President, Sears Roebuck and Co., Chicago, III. William L. Connolly, Director, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C. Charles R. Cox, President, Kennecott Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. R. S. Damon, President, Trans World Airlines, Inc., Kansas City, Mo. Ned II. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. George P. Delaney, Internationa! Representative, American Federa tion of Labor, Washington, D. C. Lawrence E. Dickson, President, Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, III. J. Dewey Dorsett, General Manager, Association of Casualty and Surety Companies, New York, N. Y. E. F. du Pont, Director, Employee Relations Department, E. I. du Pont <ie Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington, Del. Wallace Falvf.y, President, Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Company. Boston, Mass. 8 National Safety Council Carroll E. French, Director, Industrial Relations Division, Na tional Association of Manufacturers, New York, N. Y. O. Gressens, Financial Vice-President, Peabody Coal Co., Chicago, III. W. Earl Hall, Managing Editor, Mason City Globe-Gazette, Mason City, la. Miss Eleanor Howe, Editor in Chief, "What's New in Home Eco nomics," Chicago, 111, Dr. Herold C. Hunt, General Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, III. George A. Jacoby, Director of Personnel Services, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Mrs. George W. Jaqua, Safety Chairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Winchester, Ind. E. W. Kempton, Assistant Vice-President, Industrial Relations, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Walter G. King, New York, N. Y. Harold K. Kramer, Assistant Vice-President, The Borden Company, New York, N. Y. Franklin M. Kreml, Director, Traffic Division, International Asso ciation of Chiefs of Police, Evanston, 111. Walter D. Ladd, Manager, St. Joseph Safety Council, St. Joseph, Mo. Iver C. Larson, Executive Vice-President, San Francisco Chapter, National Safety Council, San Francisco, Cal. Walter G. LeggE, President, Walter G. Legge Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Boyd Lewis, Executive Editor, NEA-Acme, New York, N. Y. Thomas H. MacDonald, Commissioner of Public Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. Miss Marion E. Martin, Commissioner of Labor and Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Me. I. W. Millard, President, Industrial Gloves Company, Danville, III. Harry M. Moses, President, Bituminous Coal Operators' Association, Washington, D. C. D. E. Mumford, Superintendent of Safety, New York Central Sys tem, New York, N. Y. Ha.li.ie L. Myers, Superintendent of Transportation, Indianapolis Railways, Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. Harry E. Neal, Chief Engineer, Division of Traffic and Safety, Ohio Department of Highways, Columbus, Ohio. Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, National Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, 111. Henry E. North, Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Com pany, San Francisco, Cal. Clifton W. Phalen, Vice-President, Personnel Relations, American Telephone and Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y. Resigned, October 9, 1951. 9 National Safety Council Wallace B. Phillips, President, Pyrene Manufacturing Company, Newark, N. J. Harry M. Pontious, Director of Safety, Farm Bureau Mutual Auto mobile Insurance Company, Columbus, Ohio. Gwilym A. Price, President, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Harry Read, Executive Assistant to the Secretary-Treasurer, Con gress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C. W. A. Roberts, President, AUis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Tyler S. Rogers, Assistant to the Executive Vice-President, OwensComing Fiberglas Corporation, Toledo, Ohio. A. V. Rohweder, Superintendent of Safety & Welfare, Duluth, Missabe & Iron Range Railway Company, Duluth, Minn. Robert T. Ross, Manager, Employee Services, Industrial Relations, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich. Dr. K. Frances Scott, Associate Professor of Hygiene, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Charles B. Shuman, President, Illinois Agricultural Association, Chicago, III. Honorable Lee E. Skeel, Chief Justice, Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth Appellate District, Cleveland, Ohio. Robert R. Snodgrass, President, Atlas Auto Finance Company, Atlanta, Ga. R. T. Solensten, Vice-President, Elliott Service Company, Mount Vernon, N. Y. Leslie J. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago, Chicago, III. Dr. H. J. Stack, Director, Center for Safety Education, New York, N. Y. W. A. Stewart, President, American Optical Company, Southbridge, Mass. Paul F. Stricker, Executive Vice-President, Greater New York Safety Council, New York, N. Y. Dr. John W. Studebaker, Vice-President and Chairman of the Edi torial Board, Scholastic Magazines, New York, N. Y. J. E. Trainer, Vice-President and Production Manager, The Fire stone Tire & Rubber Company, Akron, Ohio. Miss Judith Waller, Director of Public Affairs and Education, Na tional Broadcasting Company, Inc., Chicago, III. Dr. George M. Wheatley, Third Vice-President, Metropolitan Life Insurance Company, New York, N. Y. W. O. Wilson, Manager of Safety, Standard Oil Co. (Ind.), Chi cago, III. Dwight W. Winkelman, President, D. W. Winkelman Company, Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. Dr. William P. Yant, -Director of Research & Development, Mine Safety Appliances Co., John T. Ryan Memorial Laboratory, Pitts burgh, Pa. Harold C. Zulauf, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. 10 11 Annual Council Meeting Minutes The 1951 Annual Council Meeting of the National Safety Council was held in the Grand Ballroom of the Stevens Hotel, on October 8, with Mr. Ned H. Dearborn, President, presiding. Following the singing of the National An them, the invocation was offered by the Reverend Kenneth N. Hildebrand, Minister of the Central Church of Chicago. After appropriate opening remarks, Presi dent Dearborn turned over the chairman ship of the meeting to Mr. Charles R. Cox, President of the Kennecott Copper Corpora tion, and Chairman of the Board of Di rectors of the National Safety Council. After a brief but sincere expression of his fundamental interest in the Council and the safety movement, Mr. Cox proceeded with the business of the meeting by an nouncing a quorum present, in person or by proxy. It was voted to dispense with the calling of the role; also to dispense with the reading of the minutes of the previous Annual Meeting, the minutes having been printed and circulated to the membership. Mr. Cox called for the report of the Nominating Committee, which consisted of the following members: George A. Jacoby, Chairman; Lawrence E. Dickson; Walter G. Legge; Miss Marion E. Martin; Guy L. Noble; Robert T. Ross; and W. A. Stewart Mr. Jacoby reported in behalf of the Nominating Committee, pointing out that the Constitution authorizes the committee to name candidates for election to the Trustees, to the Board of Directors, and to all Offices except the office of Executive Vice-Presi dent. The selections of the committee, Mr. Jacoby stated, were reported to the Secre tary of the Council more than 75 days be fore this meeting, and were announced to all members of the Council on August 24, 1951. Mr. Jacoby then presented as nominees for Trustees of the Council, to be elected for a three-year term: Melvin H. Baker, Cason J. Callaway, Cleo F. Craig, Frederick C. Crawford, Richard R. Deupree, Gustav Metzman, Benjamin O'Shea, Thomas I. Parkinson, Dr. John F. Thompson, C. E. Wilson, and Charles Deere Wiman. (Sec retary's Note: A complete list of the Trus tees, including those nominated and elected at this meeting, as well as those continuing in office from previous elections, is given on pages 6 and 7 of this volume.) Mr. Jacoby presented nominations for Di rectors, to be elected for a term of one-year. (Secretary's Note: A list of the new Board of Directors, as nominated and elected at this meeting, will be found on pages 8, 9 and 10 of this volume.) Mr. Jacoby presented nominations for Of ficers of the Council. In doing so, he stressed the Council's appreciation to four men who are retiring from their offices this year, namely, Dr. D. B. Armstrong, Vice President for Homes; Kenneth B. Colman, Vice-President for Local Safety Organiza tions; E. W. Kempton, Vice-President for Membership; and Dr. John W. Studebaker, Vice-President for Schools and Colleges. (Secretary's Note: A list of the Officers nominated and elected at this meeting will be found on page 5 of this volume.) There were no nominations except those presented by Mr. Jacoby, and Mr. Cox announced that the entire proxy vote, num bering 10,781, was cast in favor of the nominees proposed by the Nominating Com mittee. Those attending the meeting also voted without dissent in favor of the nom inations presented. Mr. Cox referred to the booklet "The Fight for Life," which had been distributed to those attending the meeting. The booklet contained a summary of Council activities during the past year. Announcement was also made that the 1952 National Safety Congress would be held in Chicago Oc tober 20-24. 30 General Sessions and Detailed Index to all Volumes look upon it with increased respect and set about harnessing it to their own use. The accident rate among our young driv ers is now steadily on the decline. It is still far, far too high. It would be too high if one youngster was killed or crippled. But at least, progress is being made. This has been done partly through the efforts of adults in charting campaigns aimed directly at reducing the roll of that age group, by safety experts and educators. But largely it has been accomplished by the kids themselves. Once the problem was pointed out to them in realistic terms and they were asked to do something about it, they pitched in. In many communities, clubs have been formed where youngsters learn how to main tain cars in the best mechanical shape and how to drive them at the peak of safety and efficiency. For boys and girls who are addicted to incurable "speed-drophobia," rac ing associations have been formed, super vised by safety officials and located in areas like the Mojave Desert of California where traffic hazards do not exist and the terrain is suitable to speed driving. Officials' clocks and professional racing regulations are rigorously enforced, and the kids can satisfy their zest for speed with a minimum of danger. This is an example of putting that youthful pride to work in a constructive way. How much better it is to encourage a lad to stand out above the crowd because he has the best car and drives it most efficiently rather than because he can pass all other cars on the road and scare the daylights out of doddering pilots like you and me! Driver-training courses in the schools are becoming a growing part of the curriculum, and they, to my mind, are the most effective weapon we have. I have visited several of these classes in the Los Angeles area, and I came away with a feeling almost of dedication to the idea that all schools should have them. Our Cali fornia law states that all students of high school age must have a course in driver education. It's a good law. Unfortunately, it is not always possible to combine the classroom work with actual behind-the-wheel instruction, because of fi nancial restrictions, lack of personnel and other problems. In a great many communi ties, automobile dealers have stepped in and offered the use of cars for this training. In other towns, local organizations whose proj ect is the promotion of safety have made it their duty to supply automobiles for school use. If it is possible to do it, this program of education should be increased. Nothing is quite as effective in the training of a good driver as proper instruction at the very beginning. It isn't enough that parents and friends are always willing to act as teachers, because sometimes those parents and friends are not very good drivers themselves, and they transmit their faults to the beginner. Then it's up to the traffic experts to break those habits and instill new ones--a waste of time and money. We must make safety attractive. We must make the safe way the appealing way, and we've got lots of competition. But of course, the prize that is the natural reward for caution is a big one--longer life and the ability to enjoy it The smartest people aren't necessarily the ones who get there first, but the ones who get there. And our youngsters have lots of places to go. Traffic court judges and officials can be of immeasurable aid in this campaign against youthful traffic toll. A few extra minutes, a little special attention, some thought-pro voking words, and the young traffic violator goes home with a sense of renewed respon sibility, a healthy respect for the law and an understanding that its purpose is to pro tect him, not to punish him. He doesn't just plunk down Dad's five or ten bucks and go out to outsmart the cops. The traffic officers in our communities, by their attitude, can teach and encourage as well as discipline. It's a personal challenge to all ages, this business of saving our youth. And it's a personal responsibility. It can't be charged off to the safety experts alone, to the par ents, to the schools, or to the kids alone. Like everything else in our way of life, this is a team job, a common challenge. And the reward is the future, waiting to be built with hope and happiness and peaceful attain ment by this most natural resource--our American youth. 31 Safety Exposition Exhibitors EXHIBITION HALL--STEVENS HOTEL CASINO ROOM--CONGRESS HOTEL Alphabetical List of Exhibitors of Industrial and Public Safety Equipment Acme Protection Equipment Co., Chicago, 111. Gas Masks Exclusively. Advance Glove Mfg. Co., Detroit, Mich. All Types of Work Gloves, Safety Gloves and Leather Safety Clothing. Aetna Life Affiliated Companies, Hartford, Conn. Safety and Health Services for Employees, Both On and Off the Job. Alan Wood Steel Co., Conshohocken, Pa. Abrasive Rolled Steel Floor Plate. All American Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, 111. Power Press Guards; Safety Engineering Surveys; Consultants. American Abrasive Metals Co., Irvington, N. J. Abrasive Metals, Paints, Coatings, Non-Skid Grating for Safe Walkways. American Chain & Cable Co., Inc., Bridgeport, Conn. Chains, Cable and Wire Rope of Various Kinds and Sizes; Steel and Malleable Cast ings; Brakes and Brake Controls; Cranes, Hoists, Valves and Fittings. American-LaFrance-Foamite Corp., Elmira, N. Y. Fire Protection and Fire Fighting Equipment. American Optical Co., Southbridge, Mass. Head, Eye and Respiratory Protective Devices, Safety Clothing and Safety Specialty Products. Ampco Metal, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Safety Tools Fabricated from Ampco Metal, Ampco Beryllium-Copper and Monel. Ansul Chemical Co., Fire Extinguisher Divn., Marinette, Wis. Ansul Dry Chemical Fire Extinguishing Equipment. Arcadia Mfg. Co., Birmingham, Mich. Plastic Coated Gloves and Aprons for Industry. Bashlin, W. M., Co., Grove City, Pa. Linemen's Safety Equipment. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester, N. Y. Safety Glasses and Safety Eyewear for Every Occupational Requirement. Best, Alfred M., Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Safety Maintenance and Production; Best's Safety and Maintenance Directory. Bradley Washfountain Co., Milwaukee, Wis. Group Washing Equipment. Brady, W. H., Co., Chippewa Falls, Wis. Self-Sticking Safety Signs, Pipe Markers and Special Markers and Signs. Breck, John H.t Inc., Springfield, Mass. Industrial Hand Cleaner; Hair and Scalp Preparations. Browne, Stewart R., Mfg. Co., New York, N. Y. Electrical Safety Equipment, Flashlights, Explosive-Proof and Vapor-Proof Exten sion Lights. 32 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Transactions, 1951 National Safety Congress 35 Buhrke, R. H., Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Equipment for Construction and Maintenance. Bullard, B. D., Co., San Francisco, Caltf. Personal Safety Devices for Industry. Canfield OQ Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Oil Absorbents. Chance, A. B., Co., Centralia, Mo. Transmission and Distribution Equipment. Chemical Service of Baltimore, Baltimore, Md. Waxes, Soaps, Cleaners, Disinfectants and Chemical Specialties. Chemical Specialtiee, Inc., Springfield, Mass. Industrial Hand Creams and Cleansers. Chicago Bye Shield Co., Chicago, 111. Head and Eye Protective Equipment. Columbus Glove Mfg. Co., Columbus, Ohio. Coated Gloves and Aprons. Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y. Herc-Alloy Sling Chains. C-O-Two Fire Equipment Co., Newark, N. J. Carbon Dioxide and Dry Chemical Extinguishers, Systems, Smoke Detectors. Cunningham, M. E. Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Marking Toots. Davis Emergency Equipment Co., Inc., Newark, N. J. Respiratory Protection, Combustible Gas Indicators, General Safety and First Aid Equipment. Detex Watchdock Corp., New York, N. Y. Watchmen's Clocks and Accessories. Diamond Match Co., Springfield, Mass. Book Matches for Safety Advertising and Sales Promotion Campaigns. Divereey Corp., Chicago, I1L Industrial Maintenance and Cleaning Chemicals. Dockson Corp., Detroit, Mich. Goggles Face Shields, Welders, Helmets, Respirators. Dow Corning Corp., Midland, Mich. Cleaning Stations for Dispensing Silicone Treated Sight Saver Tissues. Dunn Products, Chicago, 111. Protective Clothing for Industrial Workers Made from Asbestos, Leather, Rubber, Neoprene and Fire-Proofed Duck. Duo-Safety Ladder Corp., Oshkosh, Wit. Safety Ladders, Fire Ladders, Ladder Shoes. Eagle-Picher Sales Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Eagle-Picher Industrial Floor Dry #85. A heavy duty, anti-skid, light reflecting absorbent for plant safety and maintenance. Edmoot Mfg. Co., Coshocton, Ohio. Coated Fabric Work Gloves. BlUott Service Co., Int, Mt Vernon, N. Y. Accident Prevention Displays; Safety Conference Programs; Supervisor's Bulletin; Bulletin Boards. Corp. of America. New York, N. Y. Sign Making Equipment, Safety Posters, Displays, Directory Signs. Emerson, J. H., Co., Cambridge, Mass. Resuscitators and Other Emergency Breathing Equipment. Fairfield Glove Co., Fairfield, Iowa. Industrial Gloves and Mittens. Fendall Co., Chicago, 111. Head and Eye Protection Equipment. Finnell System, Inc., Elkhart, Ind. Floor Maintenance Machines. Franklin Research Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Anti-Slip Floor Maintenance Materials. Gro-Cord Rubber Co., Lima, Ohio. Gro-Cord, Raw-Cord and Neo-Cord Soles, Heels and Taps. Hild Floor Machine Co., Chicago, 111. Floor Cleaning and Maintenance Equipment and Supplies. Hillyard Chemical Co., St. Joseph, Mo. Floor Treatments, Building Maintenance, Sanitation Products, Equipment and Ma terials. Homer ft Robertson, Inc., Denver, Colo. Rolon Tire Chains. Hy-Test Divn., International Shoe Co., St. Louis, Mo. Hy-Test Anchor Flange Steel Toe Safety Shoes. Industrial Gloves Co., Danville, 111. Finger Guards, Supergards, Wovengards, Handgards, Gloves, Mittens, Arm Pro tectors, Protective Apparel, Leggings. Insto-Gas Corp., Detroit, Mich. Underwriters' and Factory Mutual Approved Torches and Furnaces. Intoximeter Assn., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Sales and Service of Equipment to Determine Degree of Alcoholic Influence. Iron Age Divn., H. Childs ft Co., Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa. Complete Line Leather and Rubber Industrial Safety Footwear for Men and Women. Jtmkin Safety Appliance Co., Louisville, Ky. Junkin Interlocking Barrier Guard; Swinging Die Closure; Electro-Lock Shield and Splint Type Stretcher. Justrite Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Cans, Oily Waste Cans, Safety Electric Lanterns, Flashlights and Fire Ex tinguishers. * Karel First Aid Supply Co., Chicago, I1L Industrial Hospital Supplies and Equipment, Drugs, Dressings, Furniture, Instru ments. Kearney, James R., Corp., St Louis, Mo. Line Tools for Linemen in Handling Energized Wires. Keystone View Co., Meadville, Pa. Original Binocular Visual Screening Tests for Industry. Kidde, Walter ft Co., Inc., Belleville, N. J. Fire Protection and Extinguishing Equipment. Kimball Safety Products Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Goggles, Gloves, Safety Clothing and Other Safety Equipment. Kkia, Mathias ft Sons, Chicago, 111. Linemen's Tools and Equipment. Wie, Walter G., Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Safely Floor Polishes, Conductive Floor Coating, Static Grounding Device for Per sonnel. 34 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Lehigh Safety Shoe Co., Allentown, Pa. Leather Safety Box Toe Shoes and Rubber Boots. Lightfoot Schultz Co., New York, N. Y. Granulated Skin Cleansers, Lotion, Bar Soap and Dispensers. Lincoln-Schlueter Floor Machinery Co., Chicago, 111. Industrial Vacuum Machines, Floor Scrubbers and Polishers, Scarifiers and Auto Scrubbers. Logan Mfg. Co., Glendale, Calif. Emergency Showers, Industrial Shower Room Equipment. Louisville Metal Products Co., Inc., Louisville, Ky. Aluminum Ladder and Scaffolding Products. Luther Mfg. Co., Inc, Olean, N. Y. Power Press Guards. MacWhyte Company, Kenosha, Wit. Wire Rope and Braided Wire Rope Slings, Fittings and Cable Assemblies. Magline, Inc., Pinconning, Mich. Magnesium Safety and Materials Handling Equipment. Magnaflux Corp., Chicago, I1L Magnaflux Equipment for Maintenance, Safety and General Inspection. Marsh ft McLennan, Inc., Chicago, III Insurance Brokers and Agencies. Martindale Electric Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Protective Dust Mask, Electric Testing and Indicating Instruments. Masury-Young Co., Boston, Mass. Safety Floor Treatment and Maintenance Materials. McAn, Thom, Safety Shoe Divn., Melville Shoe Corp., New York, N. Y. Thom McAn Safety Shoes. McDermott, Julian A., Corp., Corona, L. I., N. Y. Warning, Work, Safety Lighting for Industrial, Utility Aviation Use. McDonald, B. F., Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Industrial Safety Appliances and Clothing. Medical Supply Co., Rockford, I1L MSCo Flexible Unit First Aid. Metropolitan Life Insurance Co., New York, N. Y. Educational Publications and Materials Dealing With Safety. Milbum Co., Detroit, Mich. Ply Protective Creams, Ply Garb Plastic Clothing, Ply Gloves, Plastic Work Glove Miller Equipment Co., Inc, Franklin, Pa. Linemen's and Industrial Safety Belts. Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Safety Equipment for Every Industry. Multi-Clean Products, Inc, St. Paul, Minn. Floor Maintenance Equipment and Materials. National Safety Council Chicago, III Occupational Hazards, Inc, Cleveland, Ohio. Publishers. Qfl-Dri Corp. of America, Chicago, 111. Oil and Grease Absorbents. Onox, Inc., San Francisco, Calif. Onox Skin Toughener for Athlete's Foot Prevention. Transactions, 1951 National Safety Congress 35 Osborn Mfg. Corp., Warsaw, Ind. Safety Pliers and Tongs for Feeding Punch Presses. Pac-Kit Company, Greenwich, Conn. First Aid Equipment. Packwood, G. H., Mfg. Co., St. Louis, Mo. PAX Safety Industrial Skin Cleansers and Dispensers. Patent Scaffolding Co., Inc., Chicago, III Gold Medal Wood and Magnesium Safety Ladders, Suspended, Sectional Tubular Steel and Aluminum Scaffolding, Sidewalk Protection Canopies, Steel Grandstands. Positive Safety Mfg. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Protectoseal Co., Chicago, 111. Safety Cans, Oily Waste Cans, Flame Arrester, Devices for Flammable Liquids. Pulmosan Safety Equipment Corp., Brooklyn, N. Y. Industrial Safety Equipment. Pyrene Mfg. Co., Newark, N. J. Fire Protection Equipment. Racine Glove Co., Inc., Rio, Wis. Gloves, Apparel, Protective Equipment, Leather, Asbestos and Steel Reinforced. Randolph Laboratories, Inc., Chicago, III Dioxide Fire Extinguishers. Reece Wooden Sole Shoe Co., Columbus, Neb. Reece "Perfect Rocker" Wooden Sole Safety Footwear. Rich Laboratories Sales Divn., Inc., Emigsville, Pa. First Aid for Burns. Rockwood Sprinkler Co., Worcester Mass. Nozzles and Industrial Sprinkler System for Fire Protection; Valves, Unions. Rose Mfg. Co., Denver, Colo. Industrial Safety Equipment. Safety Clothing ft Equipment Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Safety Clothing and Equipment for Every Type Industrial Worker. Safety First Products Corp., Elmsford, N. Y. Dry Chemical Fire Equipment. Safety First Shoe Co., Holliston, Mass. Safety Steel Toe Shoes for Men. Safvray Steel Products, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis. Scaffolding Towers, Saf-T-Swings, Special Products. Salisbury, W. H., ft Co., Chicago, 111. Linemen's Rubber Protective Equipment. Smi-Mist, Inc., Philadelphia, Pa. Athlete's Foot Preventive. Schrader's, A., Son, Brooklyn, N. Y. Pneumatic Press Controls, Valves, Cylinders and Associated Products. Scott Aviation Corp., Lancaster, N. Y. Scott Air-Pak, Scott Demand Inhalator, Scott Demand Respirator. ScOstrom Mfg. Co., Chicago, 111. Face and Eye Protection Equipment, leotry Shoe Co., Divn. General Shoe Corp., Nashville, Tenn. Salety Toe Shoes. Spencer Turbine Co., Hartford, Conn. Portable and Stationary Vacuum Cleaners and Dust Collecting Apparatus. 36 Safety Exposition Exhibitors Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, I1L Industrial Safety Equipment. Steel Scaffolding Co., Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y. "Trouble Saver" Steel Scaffolding. Stepan Chemical Co., Chicago, III Skin Cleansers for Industry. Stephenson Corp., Red Bank; N. J. Resuscitation Equipment, Drunkometers, Porto-Clinic Driver Testing Unit. Stonehouae Signs, Inc., Denver, Colo. Steel Accident Prevention Signs. Sugar Beet Products Co., Saginaw, Mich. SBS Skin Cleanser and Cleaner. Surety Rubber Co., Carrollton, Ohio. Rubber Gloves and Linemen's Equipment. Surty Mfg. Co., Chicago, I1L Safety Guards and Materials. Taylor, S. G* Chain Co., Hammond, Ind. Taylor Made Alloy Steel Sling Chains, Monel Chain; Hooks and Chain Fittings. Tennant, G. H* Co., Minneapolis, Minn. Mechanized Equipment for Maintenance of Industrial Floors. Trinal, Inc* Chicago, IU. "Safeet" Protection for the Metatarsal Arch. Union Wire Rope Corp., Kansas City, Mo. Tuffy Slings, Wire Rope and Tuffy Towlines. United States Dept, of Labor, Bureau of Labor Standards, Washington, D. C. United States Safety Service Co., Kansas City, Mo. Eye Protection, Impregnated and Enteric-Coated Salt Tablets, CO Indicators. Wallace Optical Co., Inc., Detroit, Mich. Tuf-Cote Protective Eyewear. Watchemoket Optical Co., Inc* Providence, R. I. "Eye-Savers" Plastic Eye Protection and Plasti-Glow Safety Signs. \ Waverly Petroleum Products Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Oil and Grease Absorbents. . j West Disinfecting Co* Long Island City, N. Y. Disinfectants, Deodorants--Products for the Promotion of Safety. Western Coca-Cola Bottling Co., New York, N. Y. Coca-Cola. Wheeler Protective Apparel, Inc., Chicago, III Industrial Safety Clothing made from Asbestos, Flame-Proofed Duck and Jm Cloth, Leather and Wool. Wilkins Co., Inc., Cortland, N. Y. K-Lent'M Products; Dispenser Cabinets, Lens Cleaner, Anti-Fogging Liquid, Lem Tissue. Williams Jewelry A Mfg. Co., Chicago, I1L Safety Awards, Badges and Trophies. WQlson Products, Inc* Reading, Pa. Industrial Goggles, Gas Masks, Helmets and Respirators, and Allied Safety Devica Wilson-Albrecht Co., Inc* Minneapolis, Minn. Modern Unit Type First Aid Kits and Refills. Wyandotte Chemicals Corp., Wyandotte, Mich. Absorbents. Transactions, 1951 National Safety Congress 37 INDEX A Accident Costs, See Economics of Safety. Accident Proneness. See Personal Factors. Accident Reports: Maintaining Interest In Ac cident Prevention by Means of Reports (Chatman), 18:6S-6& The Use of Accident Records (n Highway 6Im6. provement Programs (Harper), SI :w- The Use of Accident Records in Selective Enforcement (King), SI :29-80. Accident Statistics: Accident Experience vs. Roadside Development (MeMonagle), SI: 40-44 Conditions Responsible for Accidents Simi lar to Conditions Responsible for Delays. Waste and Damages (Macintosh), 80:16 19. Disabled Civilians va. Military Disabilities (8chi$), 1T:10. Making Uoe of Analysis of Minor Accidents. Panel Dlscusilon, 17:20. A Study of AI1 Accidents. Aids In Finding Trouble Spots (Beckstoad), 18:24 Where Should an Accident Be Charged When Employee In Loaned to n Deport ment. Round Table Discussion. 98:24. See also Specific Subject ASda^Hondllng Sulfuric Acid (Delavan). 9: A'*%ollT7:49t0r lntFa Plant Tram0 Almeida. A. Robert and Harold Walker: The Jet Tapper Practice at the Open Hearth, 18:8-11. American Nurses' Association: Growth and Development of the Nuroe In Industry Through Membership Jn Her Professional Organisation (Anderson), 14:11-18. American Society of Safety Engineer* Subject Sessions, 18:6-106. American Trucking Association: Our Safety Program (Monody), 90:22; 99:22. Alcohol: Better Identification of Drinking Drivers (Ladd), 81 :M-66. Jail Sentences for Drunk Driver* (Vanik), 81:68. 71. Drinking Drivers and Drinking Pedestrians Are Highway Hazards (King), 91:83L The Drunken Driver In Court. Panel Dis cussion, 9i ;82. Ammonia: Fires and Explosions at a Syn thetic Ammonia Plant (Doyle), 8:26. Physiological Effects (Behuman), 11:14 Safe Handling of Anhydrous Ammonia and Anunonlatlng Solutions (Krueger), 8:61 64. Anderson, Agnes B. M.: Growth and De velopment of the Nurse in Industry Through Membership tn Her Professional Organisation, 14:11-18. . . ___ ____ - , uwy/, u:|l. Physiological Effects of Acids Encountered tn the Food Industry (Sehwnan), 11:14. Bate Handling of Corrosive Materials (Sind), 9 :12-13. Arnold, Harry W.: A President's Concept of a Good Safety Program, 90:24-26; 89: 34-26. AS8E, See American Society of Safety Engi neer*. Addison, A. IS.: The Activities of a State Highway Safety Department. 94:6-8. Aeronautical Industrie#' Aviation Must Have Safety (Burton), 9:6-9. Discuss Tour Problem, 9:18-14. Electrostatic Hazards (Beadh), 18:96-97. Health Precautions In Handling Radioactive Electronic Tubes (Meyer), 2:10-12. Aeronautical Industries Section: Minutes. *; 6-16 0Ocers and Committees, 9:16. lAsars, Vincent P.; Progress and Objectives of the II. S. Department of Labor. 19: 78-74 Hern, B. W.: Integrating Safety into a Training Program -- Manufacturing. 9i: Air Transportation Industry: Radioisotope SIhUipments la Aircraft Accidents (Kekoe), Air Transport Section: Minutes. 9:8-7. Own sod Committees, 8-.T. Associations: Associations end Their Safety Programs (Reinhardt, 19:11. Associations and Their Safety Programs Session. 18:11-22. Driver Teachers' Association Formed (King), 91:24 How to Get an Association Started on a Safety Program (Murphy), 18:17-20. The Notional Safety Council's New Pro gram for Small Business and Associa tions (Baltser), 18:20-22. Safety Activities Save Its Members Money. Round Table Discussion. 98:81. Trade Associations' Participation In Small Business (LeOore), 18:81-82. What Our Association Has Accomplished Through a Group Safety Program (Le~ Oore), 18:11-10. See also Specific Association. Atmospheric Polutlon: Air Contamination (Behuman), li:10-l7. Mechanical Means of Removal or Reduction of Air Contamination (Kona), 11:17-20. Atomic Bomba: An Introduction to the Ef fects of Atomic Weapons (Kenny), 19: 6-9. Fire Control (Rehoe), 19:88-84 42 Indtx Drivers and Driving: Accident Prevention as the Driver Sees It Panel Discussion, 20:8-11. Awards and Incentives for Better Profes sional Drivers. Panel Discussion, 20:8. The Court's Responsibility Toward Improv ing Driver Attitudes (Fisher), 21:48*62. Driver Selection, Training and Supervision (Knudson). 20:6-7. Driving Parra Tractors on the Highway (Bouma), 10:28. Effect of Suspension of Driver's License (Vanik), 21:6& Enriching the Classwork In Driver Educa tion (Tost), 20:22-26. Enriching the Practice Driving Instruction (Bek), 20:26-27. Good Public Relations Demands Accident Prevention (Mullody), 20:22-24; 22:22-24. Highway Safety Through the Eyes of a Motor Vehicle Administrator (King), 21: 21-28. 28-28, 82. How Conference Methods Improve Safety Meetings (Phillip*), 20:20-21. Incentive Plano impress the Driver. Panel Discussion, 20:10-11. Let's Hold Better Driver Safety Meetings (Polk), 20:18. Recognition for No-Accident Records. Panel Discussion. 22:6. 8wMk),8afety In Tank Truck Operations (Baird21:1X Sportsmanship in Safety (Jacob), 1:13-16. The Teen-Age Driver (Young), 1:27-S0. Teen-Age Drivers and the Traffic Court (Bsmstein), 21:44-48 Telling the Story of Tour Safe Driver Awards (Davin), 20:12-16. Training Program for State Highway Em ployees (Aadison), 24:6. Use of 8tudent Assistants as a Baals of Increasing the Efficiency of the Driver Education Program (Fntchman), 20:20 22. Drums: Opening Sodium Sulphide Drums. Round Table Discussion, 22:20-21. Storage of Hazardous Solvents in Drums (Russell), 20:11-12. Dry Ice: Extinguishing Mine Fires by Dry Ice or Carbon Dioxide. 12:68-66. Dunbar, J. B.: The Drilling Industry's Stake in Safety, 21:16-18. Dunn, Oeorge: Preventive Maintenance In Forge 8bops. 22:16-17. Dunn, Karl L.: Shielding for Radiant Heat In a Olass Plant, 12:8-10. Dust: Air Contaminants Pertinent to the Food Industry f8cAunawJ, 11:12-13. Allaying Dust During Operation of Con tinuous-Mining Machines and by Water Infiltration of Coal Pillars (Merfitte and Jackson), 7:36-41. ' Control of Dust In Grinding or Machining Magnesium (Bonsaek), 12:29. Fires from Paper Dust and Fibers on Machines fBroAsut;, 20:14. Fume and Dust Survey of Blasting with MIHI-Second Delay Detonators (Bvans), 7:41-44. Industrial Dusts -- What Every Supervisor Should Know (Hamlin), 12:66-67. A Major Problem In a Fertiliser Plant (Wharton), 9:66. Mechanical Means of Removal or Reduction of Air Contamination (Kona), 11:18. Roof Drilling with Dust-Control Equipment (Westfield), 7:44-49. Static Explosions In the Dispersion Indus try (Beach), 12:97-98. The Use of Wetting Agents to Control Dust in Industries (Mau), 12:18-21. E Early Morning Session, 24:4-27. Ears: Ear Defenders for Protection from High Frequency Noise. Discussion, 2:18 Hearing Protectors for High-PUched Noise. Round Table Discussion, 22:28. Boston, A. H.: Special Tires for Winter Driv ing. 21:14-16. Bek, Charlotte: Enriching the Practice Driv ing Instruction, 22:25-27. Bckert, William P.: Accident Prevention Pro gram of Interlake Steamship Co., 12:13-16. Economics of Safety: Association Safety Ac tivities Saves Money for Its Members Round Table Discussion, 22:80. Benefits Derived from Safe Operation (Watmough), 2:49. The Cost of Public Accidents to Industry (Cole), 12:8. Cost of Various Fires and Explosions Which Have Occurred in the Chemical Industry (Doyle), 2:19-26. The Costs vs Savings in a Safety Program. Panel Discussion. 22:13. Estimating the Cost of Accidents In th Wood Preserving Industry (Macon), 22: 4-6. Evaluating the Results of the Program tCaney), 17:18 How Does Accident Control Affect Produc tion (Welsh). 21:84-38. Importance of Good Housekeeping in Low ering Cost (Wharton), 2:56-68 Industry Affected by All Types of Accidents (Cox and Mumford), 12:22-23; 22:40-41; 21:84-86. Management Views the Social and Business Losses from Accidents (Brosnan), 27:16 17. Medical Service for Small Plant Reduces Compensation Losses (McConnell), 12:6 Money Saved Sells Association on a Safety Program (Murphy), 12:17-18 One Hundred Ways to Save a Buck (Volpe), 2:15-20. Quality Production with Safety (Bovghton), 26:5-8 The Reduction of Cost and Increased Profits Through Accident Prevention (Dunbar), 21:16, 19. Efficiency: Improved Conditions Increase Pro duction (Wharton), 2:67-58. You Can't Have Safety without Production fMoc/nfoahJ, 20:16-19. Transactions, 1951 National Safety Congress 43 Electrical Equipment Industry: Progress In Electric Safety (Bmith), 2:6-10. Safety as Part of the RTMA Program (Graham). 2:10-18 Uniform Acceptance of Nationally Recog nized Standards (Priee), 2:14-18 Electrical Equipment Section: Minutes. 2:5-19. Officers and Committees, 2:18-19. Electricity: Electrical Installation the Source at Many Conveyor Belt Fires (Bambrook). Electricity as a Cause of Fires In Chemical Plants (Doyle), 2:20. Instruction In Correct Operating Practices Reduces Accidents (Riefenstahl), 2:14. Progress in Electric Safety (Smith), 2:5-10. Requirements for Locomotives In Coal Mines in Great Britain (Crook), 7:32-84. Tested Equipment Prevents Farm Fire (Just), 10:20-21. Uniform Acceptance of Nationally Recog nised Standards (Price), 2:14-16. See also Static Electricity. Wivators: Design Elevators for the Task They Are to Perform (Mallick), 12:60. Escape Hatch In Elevators In Sulphite Pulp Manufacturing Plant Round Table Dis cussion, 22:21. Preventing Elevator Accidents In the Tan nery (Shay), 17:26-28 True* Operator Gets Head Caught In Freight Elevator (Cray), 26:11-12; BUedge, Cecil M.: Safety Precautions at the Reynolds Mining Corp., 12:78-81. liKoft, Eugene B.: Safety on the College Campus, 22:31-38 Before the Meeting (Righter), 22:10. Getting the Audiences to Think (Phillips), 16:41-42. How Conference Methods Improve Safety Meetings (Phillips), 20:20-21. Let's Hold Better Driver Safety Meetings (Polk). 20:19. Mine Haulage People Hold Safety Meetings on Trolley Phones (Kirkwood), 7:20. Operational Training Meetings Tie In Safety (Addison), 34:7-8 Scheduled Meetings Include Night Shift Supervisors and Management (Batche), 32:7. Time and Number of Safety Meetings for Drivers. Pane) Discussion. 80:11. The Tool-Box Meeting and Safety (Volpe), Employees--New: All New Employees Report to Safety Department for Induction (Batche), 22:5. The First Days at the Laboratory (Chris tian), 2:6-8. The Indoctrination of the New Employee (Volpe), 2:17. Keeping Operators Safe (Prati), 22:23-24. Safety Starts Before He Goes to Work (Boughton), 26:9. When New Employees are Hired (Righter), Employees--Publications: Capitalizing on the Plant Paper (Peeler), 17:28. Distribution and Make-Up of Plant Publi cations. Demonstration Lecture. 12:33-84. Every Edition Contains Safety Items (Batche), 28:8 Value of Employee Publications in Promot ing Safety (Bckert), 12:15. IDIs, U. C.: Handling Bulk Storage. 2:54-66. employees: A Clean Plant Attracts Higher Type Labor (Wharton), 2:67. Developing the Safe Way of Thinking. Demonstration Lecture. 12:83-86. How Can We Maintain Safety Standards Under a Mobilization Program. Panel Dis cussion. 22:8 How Do We Keep the Individual from Becoming Complacent about Safety? (8tone), 27:25-2& The Personal Approach In Employee Edu cation (White), 27:4-6. Prerequisites of Employment In Forecasting Employees' Safety Responsiveness (Mc Collum), 4:7-10. Rehabilitation of Employees. Symposium, 17:6-12. Safety and Morale (Willingham), 27:31-85. Screening Job Applicants to Detect the Ac cident Prone (Zimmerman), 21:29-31. Some Elements of Job and Employee Con trol for Accident Prevention. Symposium. 4:3-10. Why the Rehabilitated Worker Shows a Good Safety Record (Kendall), 17:11. Worker Training Needed in Public Em ployee Agencies (Hill), 24:17-18 Employees--Meetings: Asslstsnce for Foremen Holding Depart mental Safety Meetings Round Table Discussion, 11 ;7. Enforcement: The Court's Responsibility To ward Improving Driver Attitudes (Fisher), SI :48-62. Developing Public Support for Enforcement. Panel Discussion, 21 ;75-78. Enforcement Policies. Panel Discussion. 21: 63-54. The Motor Vehicle Administrator Looks at Traffic Enforcement (King), 21 :28-32. Securing Closer Cooperation Between Police and Courts. Pane) Discussion. 21:52-68 Teen Age Drivers and the Traffic Court (Bernstein), 21:44-48 The Traffic Engineer Looks at Enforcement (Fisher), 21 -72-75. Traffic Safety from the Bench (Vanik), 21:67-72. Engineering: Aviation Must Have Safety (Burton), 2:6-9. Coordinating Safety with Plant Engineering in Plant Layout (Mallick), 15:48-68 Coordinating Safety with Plant Engineering 'In Re'la"tion to Plant Design (MiehisJ, 15:43-49 Coordinating Safety with Plant Engineering Session. 15:43-53. Designing Structures and Areas to House Solvent Handling In the Textile Industry (Russell), 20:10-11. Layout of Equipment In a Hammer Shop (Larson), 22:8. Occupational Dermatitis: Teamwork In En gineering and Medical Control (Bcholts), 15:67-69. Officers of the AUTOMOTIVE AND MACHINE SHOP SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Centra! Chairman -K. H. HUMPHREYS, Manager, Property Ueiwrtnient, American Car & Foundry Company, New York, N. Y. Fiee-ChairiHtm- -E. CLARK WOODWARD, Director of Safety, A. O. Sinitli Corpora tion, Milwaukee, Wis. Stcretary--EDWARD G. HOLTZMAN, Manager Safety & Medical Service, Wagner Electric Corporation, St. Louis, Mo. Program Chairman--FRED G. YELTON, Director of Safety, Delco Kemy Division, General Motors Corporation, Anderson, Ind. Engineering Methods <V I'rocedures Committee--Chairman: C. j. PETERSON, Safety Supervisor, Plymouth Motors Division, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Mich; W. J. WALLS, Safety Director, Burroughs Adding Machine Company, Detroit, Mich.; M. F. RIANCARDI, Manager, Health & Safety Department, Allis Chalmers Mfg. Company, Mil waukee, Wis.; WALTER HAAG, Safety Supervisor, Servel, Ittc., Evansville, Jnd.; R. D. HARVEY, Safety Engineer, The Murray Corporation of America, Detroit, Mich.; DAVID T. MOULD, Safety Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; 'll. J. PROVOLNY, Personnel Supervisor, Detroit Diesel Engine Division, General Motors Corporation, Wayne, Mich.; EDGAR O, PRANGE, Safety Director, fiendix Products Division, Bendix Aviation Corporation, South tleiul, lnd.; EDWARD D. RAHDK, Supervisor of Safety, Westinghouse Air Brake Company, Air Brake Division, Wilmerding, Fa.; WILLIAM S. SMITH, Director of Safety, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.; GERALD C. SQU1ER, Assistant Safety Engineer, Chrysler Division, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Education and Training Committee--Chairman: H. M. HUNTrNGTON, Works Safety Supervisor, International Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, 111.; News Letter Editor: JOHN E. KANE, Supervisor of Safety, Ternsledt Division, General Motors Corp., Trenton, N. J.; F. W. FISKE, Safety Director, The Brewer-Titchener Corporation, Cortland, N. Y. ,* C. C. DRAKE, Safety Director, The Oliver Corporation. South Bend, Ind.; S. B. HOPPING, Assistant Manager, Safety & Claims, American Car & Foundry Company, New York, N. Y.; A. N. CHAPMAN, Safety Supervisor, I'ratt-Wlutney Aircraft Division, United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn.; E. I. JACOBY, Works Safety Supervisor, International Harvester Company, Refrig eration Division, Evansville fnd.; WILLARD A. KERR, Assoc. Professor of Psy chology, Illinois Institute of Technology,- Chicago, 111.; PAUL KRAMOS, Chief Safety Engineer, Butler Manufacturing Company, Kansas City, Mo.; T. R. LEADBEATER, Safety Director, Ford Instrument Company, Division-Sperry Corp., Lai( Island City, N. Y.; F. B. McNAMEE, Safety Director, Clayton & Lambert Man* factoring Company, Louisville, Ky.; WM. J. NEIDERAUER, Safety Director, Otis Elevator Company, New York, N. Y.; W. F. SHERMAN, Training Director, Inter* `> 14 national Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, Ul.; GEORGE E. HUM PHREY, Safety Director, Cadillac Motor Car Division, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Health Maintenance Committee--1Chairman: FRANK A. PATTY, Industrial Hygiene Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; O. C. BOILEAU, Manager, Health and Insurance Section, RCA Victor Division, Radio Corp. of America, Cam den, N. ).; LESTER V. CKALLEY, Industrial Hygienist, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; W. G. HAZARD, Industrial Hygienist, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio.; N. V. HENDRICKS, Director, Industrial Hygiene Section, Medical Research Division, Standard Oil Development Company, Linden, N. J.; E. A. IRVIN, M.D., Medical Director, Cadillac Motor Car Division, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; W. W. JOCZ, M.D., Assistant Medical Director, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Midi.; JOHN LISKOW, Chief Engineer, Dust Control Division, American Air Filler Co., Jnc., First & Central Avenues, Louisville, Ky.; E. L. WALSH, M.l)., Assistant Medical Director, International Harvester Co., Chi cago, 111. Membership Committee--Chairman: G. A. SNYDER, Supervisor, Safely & Sanitation, Allis Chalmers Manufacturing Company, LaPorte, Ind.; W. E. GRUBER, Assistant Chief Safety Engineer, Standard Accident Insurance Company, Detroit, Mich.; PAUL F. BUNGER, Safety Director, Frigidaire Division, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio; JAMES A. DOWNEY, Jr., Director, Personnel & Safety, Sloss-ShelHeld Steel & Iron Company, Birmingham, Ala.; LEIGH GREENE, Safety Director, The Oliver Corporation, Charles City, la.; KENNETH S. HEDGES, Assoc. Safety Direc tor, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; ARNOLD J. SCHILK, Safety Direc tor, McCord Corporation, I>etroit, Mich. Staff Representative--ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safety Council, Chicago. 15 Cement and Quarry Industries 22 under the shade of a convenient elm tree. In any event, it should be appropriate, and due consideration should be given to the type of instruction which is to be given and the comfort of the employees. As I mentioned a few minutes ago, some thought should certainly be given to the question of who needs training. A certain percentage of your employees can be de' pended upon to show up for work day atfier day and month after month. Perhaps this to include both of these groups and to keep both of them interested. The job is not a simple one, but it is not impossible either. Very little that is new can be said on the subject of training programs. The basic principles have existed for years, and the programs which have followed these prin ciples have been successful. The failures have resulted when these principles were ignored. The safety engineer or safety di rector has available all the necessary tools and materials to solve this problem as well , it 50 per cent and perhaps it is 90 per cent. The remaining 10 per cent or 50 per cent are the drifters down to a wariper climate when the wind starts getting cold. Any training program must be flexible enough as nearly all tlie others which he may en counter. The wise safety man will avail himself of these tools which, if used prop erly, will assure him of success in his work. Officers of the CEMENT AND QUARRY SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman-- LKA 1'. WARNER, .IK., Warner Company, Philadelphia, Pa. Vice-Chairman--M. C. M. POLLARD, National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Secretary--KKNT JANDER, National Lime Association, Washington, I). C. News Letter Editor--SEYMOUR B. FLEMING, New York Trap Rock Corporation, Newburgh, N. Y. Engineering Committee Chairman--L. D. COWLING, Louisville Cement Corporation, Speed, Ind. Membership Committee Chairman--T. W. JONES, New Haven Trap Rock Company, New Haven, Conn. Program Committee Chairman--HARVEY F. YOTTER, The General Crushed Stone Company, Easton, Pa. Statistics Committee Chairman--FORREST T. MOYER, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Wash ington, D. C. Visual Aid Committee Chairman--H. G. COLLINS, Lehigh Portland Cement Company, Allentown, Pa. Members-at-Large--V. P. AHEARN, National Sand & Gravel Association, Washington, . D. C.; E. W. BAUMAN, National Slag Association, Washington, D. C.; J. R. BOYD, National Crushed Stone Association, Washington, D. C.; *F. J. BUFFINGTON, New York Trap Rock Corporation, Newburgh, N. Y.; *P. N. BUSHNELL, Univer sal Atlas Cement Company, New York, N. Y.; R. E. COPELAND, National Con crete Masonry Association, Chicago, III.; A. j. R. CURTIS, Portland Cement Associa tion, Chicago, III.; F. R. DITTOK, The Kelley Island Lime & Transport Company, Cleveland, Ohio; *0. M. Graves, The General Crushed Stone Company, Easton, Pa.; C. A. GUSTAFSON, The Callanan Road Improvement Company, South Bethlehem, N. Y.; A. HERZOG, Keystone Sand and Gravel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; IVAN LeGORE, Portland Cement Association, Chicago, HI.; JOHN MATHER, Lone Star Cement Corporation, New York, N. Y.; *JOHAN NORVIG, Pennsylvania Dixie Cement Corporation, Nazareth, Pa.; WALTER J. SCAHILL, Missouri Portland Cement Company, St. Louis, Mo.; LOYD YF.AGF.R, Gypsum Association, Chicago, III.; W. E. WING, Marblehead I .ime Company, Chicago, HI. M Representative--G. G. GRIEVE, National Safety Council, Chicago, HI. General Chairman. i i 23 Officers of the CHEMICAL SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--J. R. BOLLMAN, The Procter & Gamble Co., lvorydale, Cincin nati, Ohio. Vice-Chairman in Charge of Program--J. E. NICHOLS, Reynolds Metals Co., Rich mond, Va. Secretary--E. J. MEYERS, Safety ft Fire Protection Div., E. I. du Pont de Nemours ft Co., Inc., Wilmington, Dei. News Letter Committee--G. L. GORBELL (Chairman), Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.; V. R. CROSWELL, Hercules Powder Co, Inc., Wilmington, Del.; C. A. HEBERT, Ethyl Corp, Baton Rouge, La.; ANDREW RITTER, Hercules Experi mental Station, Wilmington, Del.; S. P. SPENCE, American Cyanamid Co., New York. N. Y. Engineering Committee--E. G. MEITER (Chairman), Employers Mutuals, Milwaukee, Wis.; P. C. LAMB, Lever Brothers Co, New York, N. Y.; D. O. MASON, Gen eral Chemical Div., Allied Chemical ft Dye Corp, New York, N. Y.; H. F. REINHARD, Union Carbide ft Carbon Corp, New York, N. Y.; J. J. WHALEN, Solvay Process Div, Allied Chemical ft Dye Corp, Solvay, New York. Public Relations Committee--E. R. WALLACE (Chairman), Eastman Kodak Co, Roch ester; N. Y.; R. G. WHEELDON, The Drackett Co, Cincinnati, Ohio. Data Sheet and Instruction Card Committee--R. S. MACKIE (Chairman), General Electric Co, Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio; G. R. CUMMINGS, Eli Lilly ft Co, Indianapolis, Ind.; FRANK GAUGUSH, Sherwin-Williams Co, Chicago, 111.; ROB ERT L. HOUT2, Post Safely Officer, Army Chemical Center, Md.; J. A. TARDIFF, Hooker Electrochemical Co, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Health Committee--S. W. GURNEY (Chairman), Liberty Mutual Insurance Co, Boston. Mass.; R. L. ALLINSON, Texas Div, The Dow Chemical Co, Freeport, Texas; MERRIL EISENBUD, Dir. of Health ft Safety Div, Atomic Energy Commission, Ansom'a Station, New York, N. Y.; DR. LEONARD GREENBURG. Div. of Industrial Hygiene ft Safety Standards, State of New York, Dept, of Labor, New York, N. Y.; T. W. NALF, M. I), Union Carbide & Carbon Corp, New York, N. Y.; H. II. SCHRENK, Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Membership Committee--W. W. FLANAGAN (Chairman), Atlas Powder Co, Wik mington, Del.; J. E. SMITH, Spencer Chemical Co, Pittsburg, Kas.; S. D. SALTONSTALL, Celanese Corp. of America, Bishop, Texas. Poster and Visual Aids Committee--H. H. FAWCETT (Chairman), Research Laboratory, Genera] Electric Co, Schenectady, N. Y.; D. W. GIBSON, Safety Supvr, Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co, Columbia Chemical Div, Barbertou, Ohio. 62 Statistics and Contest Committee--M. A. SNELL (Chairman), Hartford Accident and Indemnity Co, Hartford, Conn.; G. C. HENDERSON, Carbide & Carbon Chemicals Corp, Paducah, Ky. Fertiliser Industry Committee--J. S. FIELDS (Chairman), Phillips Chemical Co, Bar tlesville, Okla.; J. E. SMITH, Spencer Chemical Co, Pittsburgh, Kas.; VERNON S. GORNTO, Smith-Dauglass Co, Inc, Norfolk, Va. Advisory Committee--R. H. ALBISSER, Merck & Co, Rahway, N. J.; A. L. COBB, Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, N. Y.; R. O. KEEFER, Aluminum Co. of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; S. M. MacCUTCHEON, The Dow Chemical Co, Midland, Mich.; H. L. MINER, Philadelphia, Pa.; COL. R. C. STRATTON, The Travelers Insur ance Companies, Hartford, Conn. Staff Representative--FLOYD A. VAN ATTA, National Safely Council, Chicago. 63 Officers of the CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Honorary Life Member--SAMUEL R. BISHOP, New York, N. Y. General Chairman-- H. W. RICHARDSON, Construction Methods and Equipment, New York. N. Y. Viet Chairman--GEORGE A. BENISH, Associated General Contractors of America. Milwaukee, VVis. Secretary--MISS OLIVE E. POTTER, Contractors and lingineers Monthly, New York, N. Y. l:.nuineering Committee--I'- IL MACKIE (Chairman), Manager, (oustruction Division, Engineering Department, K. I. ln Pont de Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Del.; JOSEPH A. Del.UCA, K. I. du Pont dc Nemours and Comiwny, Wilmington, Del.; JOHN DIGGER, Safety Director, Department of Subways and Superhighways, City of Chicago, Chicago, 111.; VIRGIL E. GUNLOCK, Commission of Subways ami Superhighways, City of Chicago, Chicago, III.; RAY H. HAHN, Allegheny Asphalt ami Paving Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; DANIEL HAYES, Atomic Energy Com mission, Washington, D. C.; O. LUPINSKI, Lupinski, Inc., Milwaukee, Wis.; HAROLD K SNEED. DeWait, Inc., Lancaster, Pa. Membership Committee--ROBERT L. MOORE (Chairman), Lumbermen's Mutual Cas ualty Company, Chicago, III; H. B. ALEXANDER, H. B. Alexander and Son, Inc., Harrisburg, Pa.; C. B. BRONSON, National Constructors Association, New York, N. Y.; GEORGE COMBS, Michigan Chapter, Associated General Contractors of America, Lansing, Mich.; ROBERT M. EVENDEN, Safety Director, Guy F. Atkin son Company, South San Francisco, Calif.; FRED A. HORNSDY, Mint Safety Ap pliances Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; CLEMENT J. LUEPKE, T. H. Mastin and Company, St. I-ouis, Mo.; JAMES M. SPROUSE, Associated General Contractors of America, Washington, D. < . fVoprmi Comm tlet--JEROME J. WILLIAMS (Chairman). Director of Safety. Morriwt'knwl'e') O*.. IVW. Ida; R I HENDERSHOTT (A"iMam Chairman). Associated <eneml Contractors oi Minnesota, Minneapolis. Minn.; C. M. CAHILL. Massman Construction Co, Kansas City. Mo.; KF.NNF.TH F. COUGHLIN. Kansas City Bridge Co.. Kansas City, Mo.; DALE MF-DSHER, Area Supt , National Surety Corp., Atlanta, <js.; W. T. ROGERS, Efiasco Services Inc., New York, N. Y. Publicity Committee--FRED A. HORNSBY (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pittsburgh, Pa.; HAROLD J. McKEEVER, Roads and Streets Chicago, 111; J. GEORGE ROBINSON, Associated General Contractors of Missouri, Jefferson City, Mo.; VINCENT B. SMITH, Engineering News-Record, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Washington, D. C.; WILLIAM E. WOODRUFF, The Constructor, Associated General Contractors of America, Washington, D. C. i 4 j " H News Letter Editor--JAMES A. SHAW, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicago, ill 22 Membcrs-al Large- LLOYD A. BLANCHARD, Director, Rescue Service Division, Federal Civil Defense Administration, Washington, D. C.; GERARD O, GRIFFIN, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; OTTO S. HOLMSKOG, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Wausau, Wis.; HARRY J. KIRK, Associated General Contractors of America, Washington, D. C.; RAY J. REIGELUTH, New Haven Trap Rock Co., New Haven, Conn.; H. S. BENTON, Warren l\ Bellows Construction Corp., Houston, Texas; C. II. BLACK, Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Boston, Mass.; LEE DEARDORE*', \V. L. Johnson Construction llicksvillc, Ohio; ROBERT HAL BERT, Lilicrty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicago, III; ROBERT L. JENKINS, Office of the Chief of Engineers, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C.; N, B. O'CONNELL, Turner Construction Company, Boston, Mass.; H. A. RADZIKOW- SKI, Department of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D. C.; JOHN A. VOLPE, Volpe Construction Co., Malden, Mass.; S. D. WEBB, Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; DWIGHT WJNKELMAN, D. W. Winkelman Co., Inc., Syracuse, N. Y Engineering Societies and Notional Association Representatives--(American Association of Slate Highway Officials) W, G. PRUETT, Director, Alabama State Highway De|>artment, Montgomery, Ala.; (American Institute of Architects) CHARLES S. HAINES, Tarrytowu, N. Y.; (American Society of Civil Engineers) ALFRED T. GLASSKTT, W. J. Barney Corp., New York, N. Y.; (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) J. I. BANAS1I, West Los Angeles, Calif.; (Power Crane and Shovel Association and Mixer Manufacturers Bureau) E. H. LICHTENBERG, Koehring Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Staff Representative-HOWARD H. WARZYN, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Officers of the ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Chairman--CLIFTON N. FOGG, Safety Engineer, Simplex Wire & Cable Company, Cambridge, Mass. Vice-Chairman of Radio, Electronics & Lamps Division--J. J. LAWLER, Div. Safety Engineer, Sylvania Electric Products Inc., Emporium, Pa. Vice-Chairman of Heavy Apparatus Division--E. CLARK WOODWARD, Director of Safety, A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. Vice-Chairman of Appliance and Light Apparatus Division--FREDERIC T. CLARKE Supvr. of Employee Relations, Alkyd Resin Plant, Chemical Mat. Dept., General Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. Vice-Chairman of Electrical Wire and Cable Division--PETER CONTARDO, Safety Director, John A. Roebling's Sons Company, Trenton, N. J. Secretary--J. M. TRANSUE, Security Director, Philco Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa. News Letter Committee--R. V. MILLIGAN (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; EDWARD G. HOLTZMAN, Manager, Safety & Medical Service, Wagner Electric Corporation, St. Louis, Mo.; STUART K. BEECHER, Ind. Relations Staff, Slromberg-Carlson Company, Rochester, N. Y.; HAL SHANAF1ELD, Managing Editor, Electrical Dealer Magazine, Chicago, III. Research & Engineering Committee -- MYRON L. MILLER (Chairman), Supvr. of Safety, Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa.; HAROLD D. LONG, Sales Engineer, Harvey Hubbell, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn.; E. B. CURDTSj Asst. Dir. of Engineering, James G. Biddle Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; H. B. WHIT AKER, Sr. Asst. Elec. Eng., Underwriters Laboratories, Chicago, 111. Membership Committee--JAMF.S A. WALDRON (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Packard Electric Div., General Motors Corporation, Warren, Ohio; JAMES M. McGOUGH. Soprr. of Safety, Union Switch & Signal Div.. of Westinghouse Air Brake Company. PMMtmrgh. Pa . CLIFFORD E. RAUSCH. Matter Mechanic-Safety Director, ON* Uap Worsts Genen!! Eienric Oxcpsanr. Warren. Ohio; E. I BOIS. Safety Dine tar. AnacotvL Wire k GaLir Company. Svaerwre, Ill Prsp-- Committee--F. A. GASS (Chairman), Supvr. of Safety, General Electric Can | pany, Lynn. Mass.; ARTHUR J. MATHEWS, Safety Director. Sprague HiBMluj Company, North Adams, Mass.; GEORGE KOCH, Safety Director. Western Qatfrikl Company, Kearny, N. J.; H. YOUNG, Safety Dir., Rome Cable Corporation, N. Y. |j Accident Analysis Committee--C. F. SCHLUETER (Chairman), Asst. Chief Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis.; MACK R. KRANTZ, Safety Director, SMVgbl 18 Warner Corporation, Chicago, III.; EARL E. GEBHART, Ass't Safety Director, Frigidairc I)iv., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio; MYHRF.N I. GJKRDF., Safety Engineer, Thomas A. Julison, Inr., West Orange, N. J.; KUSSEI.I. C. T1RRF.LL, Div. Safety Engineer. Sylvania Electric Products, Inc., Salem, Mass. Training <r Publications Committee--HAROLD C. STANZLER (Chairman), Personnel & Safely Director, C'ollyer Insulated Wire Company, Pawtucket, R. I.; EDWARD GRAHAM, I.t. Col., USAF, Hq, Airways and Air Communications Service, MATS, Andrews AK Base, Washington, J). C.; OLIVER C. BOLIEAU, Mgr., Safety, Health & Insurance Seclion, Radio tWp. of America, RCA Victor Div., Camden, N. J.; j. MILLER, Safety Supvr., Allis-l halmers Company, Norwood, Ohio. Trade Associations Committee--JAMES A. F.DMONDS (Chairman), Vice-Pres., Daniel Woudlicad Company, Chicago. 111.; ALBERT A. RAPP, Supvr. of Safety, WestingImnse Electric Corp., Lamp Div., Bloomfield, N. J.; F. R. CORNISH, Director, Re search Education, Natiotiid Electrical Cnnlractors Association, Washington, D. C.; CHARLES MacDONALD, Employers Reinsurance Corporation, Chicago, 111. Special Representative--G. W. GREENWOOD, Chief of Defense Coordination, Western Electric Company, Inc., Chicago, III. Councilors (Past Chairmen)-- E. K. TAYLOR, Safely Dir., Zenith Radio Corporation, Chicago, 1)1.; >1. B. DUFFUS, Mgr., Acc. Pre. Service, Westinghouse Electric Corpo ration, Pittsburgh, Pa.; MICHAEL F. BIANCARDI, Mgr. Health & Safety Dept., Allis-Oalmers Mfg. Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Staff Representative--GEORGE MacDONALD, National Safety Council, Chicago/ 111. 19 Jnduririnl Nuriittfl 22 principles of thinking and acting safely. By Air Force directive, an accident report must be submitted by the supervisor of the in jured individual for each off-duty accident in which an airman is injured. at many Air Force installations in pro viding a safer environment for airmen. In private industry, control measures di rected at off-the-job accidents certainly could not be as extensive as those used in the Air Force for obvious reasons. The On the basis of statistical studies of these statistical information, necessary for pro reports, it is possible to isolate to areas of gram planning, relating to off-the-job acci highest accident potential, and plan and di dents to employees could not be obtained on rect corrective measures accordingly. As a mandatory basis as in the Air Force but private motor vehicle operation is the most serious source of accidents, greatest empha sis is placed on education and publicity en couraging safe operation. At each Air Force would have to be procured on a voluntary basis. The first step in such a program would be to stimulate the employee's interest in his own safety by showing him how he installation suitable movies are shown, ap propriate posters are displayed, base and local newspapers print articles, columns, stories and even pictures related to safe driving, and lectures and demonstrations concerning driving are given as needed. In addition to these measures, other devices are used at the discretion of the commanding will profit personally. Cooperative action between industry and community agencies, labor organizations and state and federal safety authorities would be essential. Through the cooperative activi ties of these organizations and by the distri bution of suitable indoctrination materials on safe driving, accident prevention in the officer. For example, at some installations, pri home and in recreational activities, an ef fective start could be made on the control vately owned vehicles must pass a mechani cal inspection and be properly insured before they are allowed on the base. Where fla of off-the-job accidents. Ultimate results would depend on the ingenuity of industrial safety personnel and the quality of manage grant driving violations occur leading to an accident, disciplinary action is often taken to act as a deterrent to other vehicle opera tors. Character guidance activities of chap lains and supervisors are periodically di rected at accident prevention. These and ment backing. Tn the interests of economy and human welfare, off-duty accident prevention in the Air Force is essential. The industrial situa tion may be different in degree but not in kind in this respect. It is likely that in each similar measures are applied in the preven industry, the need for preventing off-the-job tion of accidents occuring in sports and accidents would have to be evaluated, first on recAretatmioann. y installations, efforts are made an economic basis, from the management point of view, and then on its broader to provide the Itest fxjssiMe recreational fa merits. Possibly the greatest value in cilities on the base as an inducement to air industrial participation in the prevention of men to remain in the controlled military off-the-job accidents would not be the profit environment. Special measures are now be to a particular industry or individual but the ing taken with resect to drowning*, and improvement which might be made in the the program for this purpose is outlined by Air Force directive. The other sources of nations} accident toll. Children and youths are getting more and accidents receive corresponding attention. more accident prevention education each day The final objective of all measures is to in the schools of the nation, but it is diffienh help our airmen to be better, safer citizens, for their own good as well as for the good of the Air Force. A valuable source of as to reach and educate the adult populatm. Community, state and federal agencies am working moTe and mote toward acridatf sistance in the application not only of edu cational measure* bit ,i engineering and preventhm and private safety organiiaMM and rnsumTKe companies have been wurisht iferi'iywy crr^T*.-* jr. jtinKTjlar i the the improvement < f natkwnl uirt) tat taeai cfjrmij.urj Through c*'.<;*-Tkirr. r` -i* * < A American Ked Cross, automobile dubs. .niv Ptifaps the answer t-. real nffhlll reducing the national accident tofi tmtm Ik the widespread participation of maawgHMg Chamber of Commerce and similar organi in off-the-job safety. zations, excellent results are being obtained ' Officers of the INDUSTRIAL NURSING SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--MISS ERNA MAYRER, R. N., F.. I. Uu Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc., East Chicago, Ind. Vice-Chairman--MRS. MAREN FRYE, R. N., Union Carbide & Carbon Corporation, 230 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. Vice-Chairman, Membership--MRS. BERNARDINE HOLMAN, R. N., Employers Mu tuals of Wisconsin, Wausau, Wis. News Letter Editor--MISS IRENE NARLOCH, R. N., Industrial Hygiene Div., Wis consin State Board of Health, State Office Bldg., Madison, Wis. Program Chairman--MISS HAPPY BRUDER, R. N., Saks Fifth Ave., 669 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago, 111. Publicity Chairman--MRS. MARY DAVISON, R. N., Chicago Daily Tribune, Tribune Tower, Chicago, 111. Medical Advisor to the Section--DR. CHARLES F. SHOOK, Medical Director, OwensIllinois Glass Co., Ohio Building, Toledo, Ohio. Secretory--MISS DOLORES BENGRY, R. N., Public Service Company of Northern Illinois, 1701 South First Avenue, Maywood, III. Staff Representative--JANE S. WEIR, R. N., National Safety Council, 425 N. Mich igan Ave., Chicago, III. 23 24 Maritime Industries The Evolution of Safety By CAPTAIN EDWARD C. HOLDEN, JR. Vice Pree^ United States Protection 9c Indemnity Agency, Inc., New York, N. Y. There was a time when, in the minds of within the cloister, but came out into tbe many, the science of safety was the sub* open and made the affairs of men its con ject of derision and mockery, a time when cern. it stood as a sort of fringe of disconnected The Age of Utilitarianism in the science mysteries bordering upon the black arts, a of safety was upon us. More and more dangerous sort of thing capable of looking the conservation of men's lives was done with equanimity upon the evils which lay on by the product of man's intellect in the one side of it and with a hopeful and processes of management rather than by benign expression upon the conventionali resorting to the caprice of superstition and ties of life on the other. the vagary of the mystic charm, "Lady Accidents were often considered to be acts Luck." of God and to take care was a violation The science of safety now stands ready, of one's trust in God. In any event, in many a willing servant, to reduce the uncertain circles, it was not polite or politic to speak ties of life to the ultimate minimum when frankly about safety, of human slaughter we, her masters, direct her efforts and uti or the barbarities of accidents resulting in lize the skill which is within her. death or permanent disability, of human suffering and all the other attributes of such cases. The human tendency was to ``soft-pedal" talks about safety and the acci dent problem. So, the whole safety move ment was looked upon with a huge questionmark. A consistent "do-nothing'* attitude prevailed in so many instances that the fre quency and severity of accidents continued to increase at an alarming rate and became an economic burden. As I tiave sat from time to time in gatherings of executives who are interested in safety, such as this meeting of the ma rine industries, I have been impressed with an ever growing feeling of cooperation and mutual understanding looking toward the solution of accident problems. You demon strate that no human progress can be made unless we remain critical of defects, alert as to practical needs and fertile in mind and thought for possible improvements. The Undaunted, a pioneering spirit prevailed time worn doctrine of "laissez-faire" can no in the regions of scientific safety inquiry. longer be accepted if business is to survive Although the voice of the safety advocate the perils and costs of accidents. was all but lost in the wilderness, neverthe The entire marine industry owes a pe less his work continued in the firm belief culiar debt to you leaders within the indus that the man who dares to do something try who have recognized that safety has worth-while will utilmately gain a following. brought increased efficiency in operations. As the fniits of accident prevention be came more and more evident, it gradually developed to a stage where it could be re garded, at least, as respectable; and, the You have contributed much to the conser vation of manpower which is all important during these critcal days of national emer gency. main criticisms of it concerned its so-called We know that you will not relax in your impracticability. Some executives said: safety activities. To the contrary, we are "Safety will cost too much." Others said: convinced that you will increase the tempo "Safety is a fandangle idea, it will not of your efforts to meet new, challenging work." And stilt others remarked: "We conditions. The greatest challenge of all is don't want these safety people telling us to prevent human failure in shipyards and Itow to run our jobs, our business, etc., etc." in ship operations. This calls for continued This was the Age of Adolescence of the and more intensive training programs. science of safety. By your safety endeavors, you will long Then came the Period of Maturity, when be remembered with profound gratitude by the science of safety, feeling the strength all who go down to the sea in ships as well of its wings, could no longer harbor itself as by those who helped to build the ships. Officers of the MARINE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--FREDERICK R. PRATT, Gen. Mgr., Marine Transp. Dept., SoconyVacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y. executive General Chairman- CAPT. GF.ORGE WAUCHOPE. Exec. Vice-Pres.. Farrell Lines, New York, N. Y. Vice General Chairman (Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing)--JOHN G. PEW, JR., VicePres., Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Dock Co., Chester, Pa. /'tee General Chairmen (Atlantic Area)--WALTER M. WELLS, Pres.. Isthmian S.S. Co., New York, N. Y.; F. M. ROfIRER, Vice-Pres., Grace Line, New York, N. Y. Vice General Chairman (Gulf Area)--E. A. JIMISON, Vice-Pres., Lykes Bros Steamship Co., Inc., New Orleans, La. Vice General Chairmen (Pacific Area)--RANDOLPH SEVIER, Pres., Matson Navigation Co., San Francisco, Calif.; A. E. KIHN, Mgr,, Marine Dept., Standard Oil Co. of Cal-, San Francisco, Cal. Vice General Chairmen (Great Lakes Area)--VIM. R. MACDONALD, Counsel, Hutchin son & Co., Cleveland. Ohio; DAVID L. BUCHANAN. Jnd. Rel. Mgr., Pittsburgh S.S. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Vice General Chairmen (Passenger & Cargo Services)--HARRY X. KELLY, Exec. Vice-Pres., Mississippi Shipping Co., New Orleans, La.; CAPT. JONES F. DEVLIN, JR., Gen. Mgr., United States Lines, New York, N. Y. Vice General Chairmen (Tankers)--ERWIN O. PERKINS, Asst. Gen. Manager, Marine Dept., The Texas Co., New York, N. Y.; CHRISTOPHER STORY, Vice-Pres.. Cities Service Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Vice General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conventions)-- VICE-ADM. MERLIN O'NEILL, USCG, Comdt., U. S. Coast Guard, Washing ton, D. C. Vice General Chairman (Coordination--Government and Marine Industry)--VICE-ADM. EDWARD L. COCHRANE, USN (Ret ), Maritime Administrator, U. S. Dept, of Commerce, Washington, D. (', Advisory Committee (Past General Chairmen)--LEIGH R. SANFORD, President, Ship builders Council of America, New York, N. Y.; LOUIS B, PATE, Vice-Pres., Seas Shipping Co. (Robin Line), New York, N. Y.; COM. ROBERT C. LEE, Exec/VicePres., Moore-McCormack Lines, New York, N. Y.; WILLARD F. JONES, Vice-Pres., Gull Oil Corp., New York, N. Y.; CARTER KENDALL, Chief Safety Eng., Beth lehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa.; CARL E. HOLMES, Mgr., Claims Dept., Marsh & McLennan, Inc., New York, N. Y.; CAPT. EDWARD C. HOLDEN, JR., Vice President, United States P. & I. Agency, New York, N. Y.; CAPT. E. W. FISKE, JR., Mgr., Operating Div., Marine Transp. Dept., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y.; CAPT. FRANK H. COGAN, Supt., Marine Dept., Tlw Delaware, Lacka- 25 wanna & Western R. R. Cn, Holwken, N. J.; ARTHUR M. TODE, Consulting Eng., New York, N. Y. Chairman, Nominating Committee--WILLARD F. JONES, Vice-Pres., Gulf Oil Corp., New York. N. Y. Secretary (Admiralty and Maritime Counselor)--HENRY C. EIDENBACH, Hagen, Senecal & Eidenbach, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Programs, Conventions & Meetings)--H. M. WICfC, Asst, to the Pres., American Bureau of Shipping, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Membership)--CAPT. E W. F1SKE, JR., Mgr., Operating L>iv., Marine Trans. Dept., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Cargo Vessels)--L H. QUACKENBUSH, Mgr., Husband ing Dept., States Marine Corp. of Del., New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Petroleum and Tank Vessels)--FRANK W. MILLER, Asst. Mgr., Operations Div., Esso Shipping Co., New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Stevedoring)--JOHN W. McGRATH, Pres., National Assn, of Stevedores, and Pres., John W. McGrath Corp., New York, N. Y. Director, Public Relations and Publicity--FRANK BRAYNARD, Dir., Bureau of Infor mation, American Merchant Marine Inst., New York, N. Y. Director, Maritime Associations--Safety Cooperation and Attendance--R. J. BAKER, Secretary-Treas., American Merchant Marine Inst., New York ,N. Y. Directors, Safety Information and Posters--CAPT. R. E. MACKEY, Asst. Mgr., Oper ations Div., Marine Dept., The Texas Co., New York, N. Y.; HAROLD J. SEGRAVF,, District Manager, Mine Safety Appliances Co., Long Island City, N. Y. Editor, Marine News Letter--S. B. PARSELL, Marine Dept., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Regional Activities and Committees Assistant to Vice General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conven tions--Coordination)--REAR ADM. J. A. HIRSHFIELD, USCG, Dir. of Personnel, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Assistant Chairman, Atlantic Region--Tanker Operations--CAPT. WILLIAM G. AN DERSON, Mgr. of Operations, Marine Div., The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Assistant Chairmen, Gulf Region--Ships and Stevedoring--CAPT. RALPH L. MOCK, Supvr., Accident Prevention, Lykes Bros. S.S. Co., New Orleans, La.; EARLE SMITH, Safety Dir., Waterman S.S. Co., Mobile, Ala. Assistant Chairmen, Pacific Region--Ships and Stevedoring--JOSEPH H. TRAVERS, Mgr., Acc. Pre. Bureau, Pacific Maritime Assn., San Francisco, Cal.; HARRY E. AVERY, Safety Engineer, Matson Navigation Co., San Francisco, Calif. Assistant Chairman, Southern California Region--Ports and Terminals--REAR ADM. FRANK D. 1IIGBEE, USCG (Ret.), Warden of the Port of Los Angeles, San Pedro, Cal. Assistant Chairman, Great Lakes Region--Bulk Carriers--WM. ECKERT, Mgr., Safely Dept., Interlake S.S. Co., Geveland, Ohio. 26 Assistant Chairman, Great Lakes Region--Towing--J. B, GARBUTT, Mgr., Ins. Dept, Great Lakes Towing Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Director, Inland Watfnvays, Operations and Shipbuilding CHESTER C THOMPSON, Pres., The American Waterways Operators, Inc., Washington, D. C. Special Service Committees Chairman, Committee for the Advancement of Safety in the American Merchant Marine-- FRANK J. TAYLOR, Pres., American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc., New York*< N. Y. . Chairman, Ship Owners Associations Committee--GEORGE W. MORGAN, Pres., Assn, of American Ship Owners, New York, N. Y. Chairman, Statistics and Contests Committee--CAPT. H. R. ROSENGREN, Dir. of Safety and Cargo Damage Prevention, Moore-McCormack Lines, New York, N. Y. Assistant Chairmen, Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Committee--CARTER KENDALL, Chief Safety Eng., Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa.; HERMAN J. NORD STROM, Safety Eng., Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, Va.; I. C. YATES, Dir. of Safety, Alabama Drydock Sc Shipbuilding Co., Mobile, Ala. Chairman, Engineering and Aftmmum .S'tundards Ccmiwiitfr* --CAPT. R. A. SMYTH, USCG, Chief, Merchant Marine Technical Div., U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Special Maritime Advisor (Marine Engineering)--H. L. SEWARD, Professor Emeritus, Yale University, School of Engineering, New Haven, Conn. Special Government Committees for Safety in National Defense Chairman, Safety Policies for Regulations and Ship Inspections--REAR ADM. HALERT C- SHEPHEARD, USCG, Chairman, Merchant Marine Council, and Chief, Office of Merchant Marine Safety, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Chairman, Safety Committee for Accident Causes and Cost Experience--EDWARD P. HERGES, Safety Supvr., Federal and Maritime Safety Section, Bureau of Labor Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C. Chairman, Naval Committee for Safety in National Defense Organisations--CAPT. HARRY W. BAUMER (CEC), USN, Dir., Safety Div., Office of Ind. Rel., Navy Dept, Washington, D. C. Chairman, U. S. Navy Yards Safety Committee--LT. COMDR, G. D. McCAULEY, Head, Safety Section, (Code 785), Ind. Rel. Branch, Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept., Washington, D. C. Staff Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National Safety Council, Chicago, HL 27 36 Metals Industry served solely for engineers, rather, we do mean that people engaged in safety work must be able to analyze, to judge, and to decide. Mr. Ward, will you discuss this matter of analysis? Ml Wabd: Often, accidents seem to stem from uncontrollable factors, and the appar ent cause is that the accident was due to a hazard inherent to that peculiar job or oc cupation. Now, in safety work, such identification is not sufficient. Since we are interested in the elimination of unsafe acts and unsafe conditions, we must go further. We must seek out the real cause of the accident. This can best be done by the application of logic. We must take what we have learned of the real cause and set up our objective--the correction of the factors which caused the accident. Accident investigation has no value, whatsoever, if it does not succeed in developing a safer method of doing the job on which the accident occurred. Thus, we have completed three points in our accident analysis program. We have looked at the apparent cause; we have searched out the real cause; and we have established, and set up our objective. But the full accident analysis, as we see it, is made up of four points. We must estab lish responsibility; not necessarily responsi bility for the accident that has already hap pened, but rather, responsibility for the correction of the conditions that caused the accident We've all heard the old proverb, "Something that is everybody's responsibil ity is nobody's responsibility." It never had a better application than it has in accident prevention. Officers of the METALS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--HOWARD HOLLAND, Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, East Chicago, Ind. hirst Vice-Chairman--H. S. SIMPSON, Safety Engineer, Caterpillar Tractor Company, Peoria, HI. Second Vice-Chairman--). J. NOLAN, Safety Engineer, Bethlehem Steel Company, Beth lehem, Pa. Secretary--A. H. ZE1LINGER, Safety Engineer, The Colorado Fuel & Iron Corpora tion, Pueblo, Colo. News Letter Editor--W. H. WILSON. Safety Director, Anibridge Plant, American Bridge Company, Ambridge, Pa. News Letter Co-hditor--W. J. M. REDWOOD. Safety Supervisor, Industrial Relations Department, Algoma Steel Cnrjxiralion. Ltd . Sanlt Sic Marie, Ontario, Canada. Consulting Committee--*R L. RID1NGER (Chairman), Director of Safety & Plant Pro tection, Inland Steel Company, East Chicago, Ind.; J L. MacKENZIE, Supervisor of Safety, South Works, United States Steel Company, Chicago, III.; }. W. TYSSE, Safely Supervisor, Chicago District, Republic Steel Company, Chicago, 111. Contest and Statistics Committee--E. J. LANGLAND (Chairman), Safety Director, Great Lakes Steel Corporation, Ecorse, Detroit, Midi.; J. P. LEONARD, Personnel and Safety Director, Blaw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. H. SUNDERLAND, Super visor of Labor Analysis, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pn. Engineering and Practices Committee--A. G. WHISMAN (Chairman), Supervisor of Safety, Gary Steel Works, United States Steel Co., Gary, Ind. Fabricating Industry--GERARD O. GRIFFIN (Chairman), Director of Safety, Dravo Corporation. Neville Island, Pittsburgh, Pa.; F. M. BEAUDOIN, Manager Industrial Relations, Unites] States Steel Products Company, Petroleum Iron Works Division, Sharon, Pa.; E. W. ENGERKR. Management's Representative, Pittsburgh District, Bethlehem Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; H. PALMIN1, Safety Engineer, J. I. Case Company. Rockford Works, Rockford. III.; WALTER K. WILLIAMS, Safety Engi neer, Butler Manufacturing Com|>any, Galesburg. III.; P. L. WISE, Supervisor Per sonnel & Safety, Blaw-Knox Division, Blaw-Knox Coinjwny, Blawnox, Pa. Foundry Industry--}. D. HOLTZAPPLE (Chairman). Personnel Supervisor, Continental Foundry & Machine Company. East Chicago, Ind.; *D. A. FARRELL (Advisory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety, United Slates Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *IRVIN A. BRINKMAN, Director of Employment, Safety and Welfare, Mackintosh-Hemphill Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; GEORGE MILLIGAN, Safety Director, MinneapolisMoline Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; SHERMAN RICHARDSON, Assistant Personnel Manager, American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; A. G. STARRETT, Personnel Director, The Buckeye Steel Castings Company, Co lumbus, Ohio; C. J. VAN DAMN, Safety Director, Campbell, Wyant & Cannon 37 Foundry Company, Muskegon, Mich.; E. J. WALLMAN, District Supervisor of Safety, American Brake Shoe Co., Chicago, III. Metallic Coating Industry--BONNIE TRENT (Chairman), Plant Safety Committee, American Hot Dip Galvanizers Association, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *C. M. ALLEN (Advisory Chairman), Staff Supervisor of Safety, Armco Steel Corporation, Middle town, Ohio; T. C. CARRICO, Director, Welfare and Safety, Wheeling Steel Corpo ration, Wheeling, W. Vn. Son-ferrous Metals Industries--M. L. ABEL (Chairman), Executive Vice-President, Mag nesium Company of America, East Chicago, Ind.; *H. G, HENSEL (Advisory Chair man), Safety Director, The Youngstown Sheet k Tube Company, Chicago, III.; WILLIAM GILLTAND, Assistant Safety Director, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. L. McCOY. Director of Personnel, Chase Brass & Copper Company. Cleveland, Ohio; ,1. F,. NICHOLS, Director of Safely, Reynolds Metals Company. Reynolds Metals Building, Richmond, V.; C. L. RIENZO, Supervisor of Workmen's Compensation, Revere Copper and Brass Inc., Rome, N. Y.; WILLIAM S. VfSOKAY, Superintendent of Safety, Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn. Steel Industry--W. F.. BARKER (Chairman), Safety Supervisor, East Works Plant. Armco Steel Corp., Middletown, Ohio; G. J. EIGENBROD, Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; STANLEY W. HALL, Supervisor, Em ployee Services Section, Steel Division, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.; W. T. McLKAN. Supervisor of Safety, United Stales Steel Ca, Youngstown, Ohio; F.. D. MORGAN. Superintendent of Plant Protection & Safety, Bethlehem Plant. Bethlehem Steel Company. Bethlehem, Pa.; W. D. WILLIAMS, Assistant Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet Si Tube Company, East Chicago, Ind. Steel Warehousing Industry--JOHN C. CUSHING (Chairman), Director of Industrial Relations, United States Steel Supply Company, Chicago, III.; *F. W. KELSEY (Ad- visory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety & Welfare, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporalion, Jones & I-aughlin Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.; M. A. KING, Supervisor of Safety. I. T. Ryerson Company. Chicago, III.; JOHN E .SPANN, Engineer, Chicago Ware- ; ; j . Program Committee--E. H. HOUCK (Chairman), Superintendent of Safety and Welfare, Aliquippa Works, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Aliquippa, Pa.; C- L. BRADSHAW, Safety Director, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; G. F. GRACE, Assistant to General Sales Manager, Industrial Chain Division, Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y.; EARLE M. LAYMAN, Director of Personnel, General Steel Castings Corp., Eddystone, Pa.; J. N. MAHAN, Supervisor of Safety and Insurance, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind.; EDWARD MARTIN, Director of Safety, Oliver Iron and Steel Corp.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; ALLEN M. MORGAN, Manager, Industrial Relations Department, Haynes Stellite, Kokomo, Ind.; RUSSELL I. P1SLE, Superintendent, Industrial Relations, Chicago District, Republic Steel Corp., Chicago, 111.; T. R. SMITH, Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corp., Youngstown, Ohio. Trade Association Liaison Committee--EDWARD C. MKTZEL (Chairman), Assistant Supervisor of Safety, Uuited Slates Steel Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; P. J. BOWEN, Assist ant Safety Engineer, Great Lakes Corp., Ecorsc, Detroit, Mich,; *1'AUL E. GRUNDMAN, Safely Engineer, Rustless Iron and Steel Division, Armco Steel CoTp., Balti more, Md.; J. F. JULI, Safety Director, Consolidated Western Steel Corp., Los Angeles, Calif.; W. W. BRANT, Supervisor of Safety, Johnstown Plant, Bethlehem Steel Company, Johnstown, Pa.; G. A. RILEY, Supervisor of Safety. American Brake Shoe Company, New York, N. Y.; J. R. VAN SYCKLE, Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; R. M. WALSH, Assistant Director, Safety and Plant Service, Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, Ind. Visual Education and Poster Committee--ROBERT S. B. HOLMES (Chairman), Director of Training and Safety, National Tube Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; A. E. ASEL, Safety Supervisor, Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo.; H. J. JONES, Manager, Industrial Relations, The Colorado Fuel & Iron Corp., Buffalo, N. Y.; PAUL LUNDQUIST, Safety Director, Acme Steel Company, Riverdale, 111.; D. D, MATEER, Supervisor, Safety and Welfare Department, Pittsburgh Works, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; ARTHUR D. MURPHY, Director of Safety and Suggestion Plan, Crucible Steel Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; KENNETH I. WARD, Assistant to Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tulc Company, Youngstown, Ohio. house, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, Chicago; III.; WALTER STONER, Super intendent Industrial Relations, Tnisron Division, Republic Steel Corp, Youngstown, Ohio. Hembers-at-Lorgt--*E. F. BLANK, Assistant to Vice-President, Employee and Public Relations, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; GROVER C. BROWN, IVise Manufacturing Industry--H. E. FRAYER (Chairman), Safety Director, L. A. ] Young Spring & Wire Corp., Detroit, Mich.; *J. F. COLLINS, Supervisor of Safety. The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio; PETER CONTARPO, Safety Director, John A. Roeblmg*s Sons Company, Trenton, N. J. j Secretary, Industrial Relations Committee, American Iron and Steel Institute, New York, N. Y.; *R. A. CHAFFIN, Vice-President, Industrial Relations, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind.; *R. II. FERGUSON, Assistant Director of Industrial Rela tions, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; *G. T. FONDA, Assistant to President, 'Norton Steel Company, Weirton, W. Va.; *E. H. FYLER, Superintendent, Industrial Health Committee--DR. RICHARD J. BENNETT (Chairman), Chief Surgeon, United | States Steel Company, Chicago, 111.; DR. E. H. CARLETON, Medical Director, Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, Ind.; DR. A. M. EDWARDS^ Medical Director, American Steel & Wire Company, Cleveland, Ohio; DR. S. A. NORRIS, Chief Surgeon, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Relations, United States Steel Co., Gary Steel Works, Gary, Ind.; *H. J. GRIFFITH, Assistant to Manager of Coal Mines, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corp., Vesta-Shannopin Coal Division, California, Pa.; *F. A. LAUERMAN, Director of Industrial Relations, Rqaiblic Steel Corp., Youngstown, Ohio; *J. A. OARTEL, Pittsburgh, Pa.; *R .L. SCHMITT, Louisville, Ky.; *11. J. SFOERER, Director of Industrial Relations, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Membership Committee--W. M. NELSON (Chairman), Manager of Safety, RepuMfc BW Representative--WM. N. DAVIS, Senior Engineer, National Safely Council. Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; R. H. BUMGARDNER, Manager, Safety and Castfftf Bureau, Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, Birmingham, Ala.; R. M. DAVUti K Chicago, III. General Supervisor of Safety, Homestead Works, United States Steel Co., Pa.; J. A. DOWNEY, JR., Director, Personnel & Safety, Sloss-Sheffield Steel ft I- General Chairman. Company, Birmingham, Ala.; A. L. LOTT. Manager of Industrial Relations, The Company of Canada, Ltd-, General Offices, Hamilton, Canada. C. J. VANDEVEN Safety Director, Atlantic Steel Company, Atlanta, Ga. 39 c Officer* of the MINING SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--CLIFFORD GIBSON, Mines Accident Prevention Assn, of Ontario, Timmins, Ontario, Canada. First Vice-Chairman--A. J. STROMQUIST, Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co., Ishpeming, Mich. Second Vice-Chairman--J. O. MARSHALL, St. Joseph Lead Co, Balmat, N. Y. Third Vice-Chairman--OSCAR A. GLAESER, U. S. Smelting, Refining and Mining Co, Sait Lake City, Utah. Secretary & News Letter Editor--D. O. KENNEDY, Safety and Health Branch, U. SBureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Entertainment Committee--J. T. RYAN, JR. (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. Engineering Committee--GEORGE GEDGE (Chairman), Calumet and Hecla Consoli dated Copper Co, Calumet, Mich.; RALPH CLELAND, International Nickel Co, Cooper Cliff, Ontario, Canada; F. R. BIRCHFIELD, Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R. Com pany, Birmingham, Ala.; C. E. SHEA, Oliver Iron Mining Company, Hihbing, Minn; H. B. HUTCHENS, Eagle 1'idler Mining & Smelting Co, Cardin, Okla ; RAY MOND R. KNILL, Potash Company of America, Carlsbad, New Mexico; JOHN B. BIKER, Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co, Ltd., of Canada, Trail, British Columbia Canada. Safety Promotion Committee--R F. WILSON (Chairman), Oliver Iron Mining Co., Duluth, Minn.; P. D. McMURRER, Mining Congress journal, Washington, D. C.; EVAN JUST, Engineering & Mining journal, New York, N. Y-; JOHN DORSCH, Mining World, San Francisco, Cal.; H. R. RICE, Canadian Mining Journal, Gardenvale, Quebec, Canada. Hygiene and Ventilation Committee--R. EMMETT DOHERTY (Chairman), Anthracite Institute, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; E. A. ANUNDSEN, Pickands Mather fit Company, Duluth, Minn.; C. WESLEY POTTER, Homestake Mining Co., Lead, So. Dak. ifrmber.t-Ql-Large--*GEORGE GERRY, Pickands Mather fit Co., lronwood, Mich.; WALTER E. MONTGOMERY, Quebec Asbestos Mining Assn., Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 'JAMES K. RICHARDSON, Kcnnecott Copper Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; JOHN L. BOARDMAN, Anaconda Copper Mining Co., Butte, Mont.; *C. M. FELLMAN, The Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, Wes,; A. W. NESS, American Smelting fit Refining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; *P. M. ARTHUR, American Zinc Co. of Tennessee, Mascott, Tetm.; *ANCUS D. CAMPBELL, McIntyre Porcupine Mines, Ltd., Schumacher, Ont., Canada; *W. H. COM1NS, Baroid Sales Div., National Lead Co., Texarkana, Texas; *R. DAWSON HALL, Coal Age, McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; S. E. SHARP, Tennessee Copper Co-, Copperhill, Tenn.; R. F. A. THEW, Steep Rock Iron Mines, Ltd, Steep Rock Lake, Ontario, Canada; B. D. MOFFAT, Utah Copper Co-, Salt Lake City, Utah; R. If. SKIP, The New Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin, N. J.; *J0I1N TREWEEK, Homestake Mining Co., Lead, S. D.; HOWARD f. YOUNG, American Zinc, Lead & Smelting Co., St. Louis, Mo. Staff Representative--1G. G. GRIEVE, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. ast General Chairman Membership Committee--J. T. WILLIAMS (Chairman), Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentration Co, Kellogg, Idaho; M. R. McPHERSON, Kerr-Addison Gold Mine* Ltd, Virgimatown, Ontario, Canada; C. R. NEIL, Bethlehem Cornwall Corp, Corn wall, Pa.; E. RUNEHJELM, Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company, Flin Flo* Manitoba, Canada. Program Committee--S. H. ASH (Chairman), Safety & Health Branch, U. S. Burma of Mines, Washington, D. C.; W. O. TOWER, Chief Inspector of Mines, Parliam^ Buildings, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; C. M. ELLEDGE, Reynolds Mining CtWK Alexander, Ark. Poster and Visual Aids Committee--L. F. BISHOP (Chairman), Anaconda Copper ing Co., Butte, Mont.; R. E. HARMON, Phelps Dodge Corp., New Cornelia Bi Ajo, Ari*.; G. W. KNUDSEN, Utah Copper Company, Bingham, Utah; GEOR W. STREEPEY. Alcoa Mining Co., New York. N. Y.; M. C. M. POLLA. National Gypsum Co., Buffalo, N. Y.; LAMAR WEAVER, Tennessee Copper Copperhill, Tern*.; A. H. ZEILINGER, Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., Pueblo, Col Statistics Committee--FOREST T. MOYER (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines, dent Analyses Div., Washington, D. C. 82 Officers of the PETROLEUM SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--C. I). ATTAWAY, Arkansas Fuel Oil Co., Shreveport, 1-a Vice-Genera! Chairman--WALTER BOON, Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, Pa. Secretary--F. G. WILSON, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N. Y. Chatnuan Emeritus--ROY S. BONS1B, Scarsdale, N. Y. Vice-Chairman for I'roduction- f. II. McKKNZIK, General Petroleum Corp. Lr An geles, Calif. Vice-Chairman for Marketing--ALEXIS L)E TARNOWSKY, The Pure Oil Co., Chi cago, III. Vice-Chairman for Pipe Lines--E. W. BERGQUIST, Interstate Oil Pipeline Co., Shreveport, I-a. Vice-Chairman for Exploration and Drilling--W. W. DUNCAN, Lofflnncl Bros Co., Tulsa, Okla. Vice-Chairman for Manufacturing--}. B. DrLAUNE, Cities Service Corp., Tutwiler Re finery, Lake Charles, l.a. Chairman Atlantic Division--A. K. BACON I, The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Chairman Gulf Coast Division--R. L. CARRUTHERS, Shell Pipe Line Corp., Houston, Tex. Chairman Great l-akes /Hinsion--W. W. WHITLOCK, Illinois Farm Supply Co., Chi cago, III. Chairman Mid-Continent Division-- FRED CLAIBORNE, Stanolind Oil & Gas Co., Tulsa, Okla. Chairman Pacific Coast Division--K. M. McCRACKEN, Shell Oil Co., Los Angeles, Calif. Chairnutn Research Comntiilee~-\V. O. WILSON, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chicago, III. Chairnuin Engineering Committee-- PARKER FOLSE, Magnolia Petroleum Co., Beau mont, Tex. Visual Aids Committee--). k. MORRISON (Chairman), Shell Oil Co., New York. N. Y.; LEWIS A. MARTIN (Co-Chairman), Oklahoma A & M College, Stillwater, Okla. Chairman Health Committee--DR. it. R. REEVE, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chicago^ III. 46 Chairman Off-the-Soh Safety Committer C. L. IIIGIITOWF.R, United Gas l'ije Line Co., Shreveport, La. i'huirnum Contest and Statistical ( oHumtfec- J. H. CAMERON, The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. News Letter Editor--A. R. BOWLES, The Texas Co., New York, N. Y. .Assistant News Letter Editor - ELLIS K. LOCI IKK, Ethyl Corp, New York, N. Y. Past General Chairmen--W. 0. WILSON, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana); D. M. FARREL, Shell Pipe Line Corp.; D. A. KLF.MME, Stanolind Oil & Gas Co.; W. I. KENT, Magnolia Petroleum Co.; J. HOWARD MYERS, The Atlantic Refining Co.; JOHN C. ASKAM, The Ohio Oil Co.; J. L. RISINGER, Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc.; H. T. MARKER, Phillips Petroleum Co.; F. R. McLEAN, White Star Div., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., Inc.; C. A. MILLER, The Texas Co.; J. H. BROWN, Tide Water Associated Oil Co.; II. W. BOGGESS, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.; A. W. BREELAND, Lone Star Gas Co.; R. B. ROAPER, Humble Oil & Refining Co.; GERALD 0. LOCKWOOD, Continental Casualty Co.; R. W. BLACK, Esso Standard Oil Co.; C. L. HIGHTOWER, United Gas Pipe Line Co.; R. E. DONOVAN, Standard Oil Co. (Cal.); CLYDE W. SMITH (Retired); GEORGE F. PRUSSING, Consultant; V. R. CURRIE. The Texas Co.; E. J. SENNE (Retired); D. J. WAL LACE. Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.; ROY S. BONSIB (Retired). Staff Representative--ROY G. BENSON, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Officers of the POWER PRESS AND FORGING . SECTION Chicago, HI.; T. C. WIEBKRS, Health and Safety Supervisor, American Can Com pany, Central Division, Chicago, III.; KAY WINTER, Director of Safety, General Electric X-Ray Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. Advisers to Education and Training Committee--'HERSCHEL L. SMITH, Safety Engi neer, General Electric Company, Fort Wayne, Ind.; *GEORGE H. BERRY, Safety Supervisor, Panel Dial Shops, Western Electric Company, Chicago, 111. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1*51-52 Central Chairman--W, L. HANAU, Assistant Superintendent, Engineering Department, The Fidelity & Casualty Company of New York, Chicago. Vice-Chairman--HARRY L. COIN, Safety Director, Fisher Body Division, General Motors Corporation, Pontiac Plant, Pontiac, Midi. Secretary--JAMES McCLIMANS, Safety Supervisor, Westinghouse F.lectric Corporation, Sharon, Pa. Program Cltairman--GEO. DEWEY REED, Safety Engineer, Lansing Employers' Underwriters, Lansing, Mich. Engineering and Technical Publications Committee--NORMAN DUNLAP (Chairman), Minster Machine Company, Minster, Ohio; PAUL ANSTEDT, Works Manager, Northern Metal Products Co., Chicago, III.; WM. H. BERRY, Superintendent Forge Division, International Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, III.; PERRY BOLIN, Director of Foreman Training it Safety, The Oliver Corp., Springfield, Ohio; CHARLES D. BRAINERD, Olds Forge Plant, Gldsmohile Division, General Motors Corporation, Lansing, Mich.; MATTHEW A. CAVANAUGH, Maintenance Engineer. The Budd Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; MAGNUS CERSZF.WSKI. Safety Engineer. Nash Motors--Plant 6, Milwaukee, Wis.; L. A. FAULKNER, Supervisor of Plant Service, Loss Prevention Department, Lilierty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass.; EDWARD A. HESSMRR, Safety Director, Oliver Corporation, Battle Creek, Mich.; JOHN PRATI, General Foreman, Tractor Works, International Harvester Company, Chicago, 111.; GEORGE I. F. THERIAULT, Supervisor Maintenance Plant 3, Frigidaire Division, General Motors Corporation, Dayton, Ohio; W. A VOLLMER, Engineering Department, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance ComfNf, Milwaukee, Wis.; LOUIS M, ZALE, Safety Director, Ceco Steel Company, Cicero, It Statistical Committee--C. B. CANNON (Chairman), Dept of l.alior, Stale of Illinois, Chicago, III.; MACK R. KRANTZ, Safety Director, Stewart-Warner ('nrjK>ralion, Chicago, III. Adviser to Statistical Committee--'GEORGE W. GREENWOOD, Chief, Defense Co ordination, Hawthorne Works, Western Electric Company, Chicago, III, Membership Committee--GEORGE O. Mvl.ELAND (Chairman), T. II. Maslin Com pany, Chicago, III.; LEONARD COLE, Safely Engineer, Crane Company, Chicago, HI.; FRANK W. FISKE, Safety Director, The Brewcr-Tilchener Corporation, Cort land, N. Y. ddtwr to Membership Committee 'STEWART T. COOLER, Safety Director, Whirl pool Corporation, St. Joseph, Mich.; 'ARTHUR K. GRAHAM, Supervising Safety Engineer, Chicago District ililtiminoiis Casually C orjmration, Chicago, III. Wtf Representative--ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Gcncfll CbiiraUQ Advisers to Enpmemng and Technical Publications Committee--*E. CLARK WOCHh WARD, Director of Safety, A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis.; *E. J. WALL* MAN, District Safety Supervisor, American Brake Shoe Comjmny, Chicago, III. : Education and Training Committee--JOHN M. JENSEN (Chairman), Safety Sugw* visor, Health and Safety Department, Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, MF waukee, Wis.; News Letter Editor: T. A. KRAKLOW, Safety Director, Mm and Company, East Moline, 111.; HAROLD V. ALLEN, Safety Director, WM type Corporation, Chicago, 111.; ROY AUGUSTSON, Personnel and Safety Pinflk^ Great Lakes Plant, American Forge Division, American Brake Shoe Company, Ohm 111.; G. 11. DUGGKR, Director, Safety & Fire Protection Division, U. S. Ami| Energy Commission, Santa Fe Operations Office, Albuquerque, N. M.; ARTHUR HANSEN, M.D., Medical Dept., A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis.; L. KEMP, Director of Safety, Guide Lamp Division, General Motors Corporation. R derson, Ind.; HAROLD F. LILLIE, Director, Lansing Safety Council, Lansing * VfRGlL J. MEYERS, Safety Director, Hawthorne Works, Western Electric 26 Pulp and Paper Industry 32 A. S. Keen : The availability of first aid during the day shift who follows up alt first facilities plays an important (Art in the aid cues. number of cases reported. R. Nicily: How large an area is a nurse supposed to cover? W. A. Koski : In large plants there are several first aid stations with a nurse in T. J. Reed: Are we reporting our acci dents to the National Safety Council? Jf so, do we have any hazards in common? Can we exchange information on accidents? charge of each station. G. E. Au-en : We have an accident analy M. F. Mattson : In case of a serious sis report that we would be glad to send to accident the nurse is taken to the injured the different companies. by ambulance. T. J. Reed : I believe we should all at tempt to sell management on the need for nurses in the plant- Also, at the present time, unions are asking for nurse service. T. J. ReEd : In some locations we have wet smooth concrete floors. What can be done to eliminate the slipping hazard? R. Nicely: We have etched out smooth concrete floors wherever we have a wet One case of serious infection would pay for a nurse for a long period of time. B. J. Lee: I believe that by taking minor first aid cases out of the hands of the first aid men we would be detracting from the condition. B. J. Lee: There are several anti-slip paints on the market which will considerably reduce this slipping hazard. W. A. Koski : We have many injuries safety program. W. A. Koski: We believe that the men liave more faith in a nurse than in a first aid man, therefore a confident person is a more efficient worker. F. A. Schulze (Ruberiod Company, Joliet, III-) : Nurses are definitely needed in plants because many cases are sent to doc tors outside of the plant when a nurse could handle them just as well in the plant, and thus save a great deal of lost produc tion and also reduce the cost of medical resulting from hooks slipping out of the puipwood in the wood yard during the win ter months. B. J. Lee: We use a different point on the hooks during the winter months and have considerably reduced our accidents while handling puipwood. We will be glad to show you the hook point that we use. H. B. Doibsom : Let us conclude the dis cussion and arrive at some conclusion about the exchange of accident information. T. j. Reed: How about sending each treatment H. B. Dobson (Celotex Corporation, Chi cago, 111.): It is evident from the discussion that there are two types of first aid services predominant in our plants: 1. First aid men and cabinets located throughout the plant; other reports cm unusual accidents? H. B. Dobson: Wouldn't it be desirable !or us, when we get back to our plants, to write down our common problems and send them to some central point where a form could be drawn up that would give us the and 2. A detailed medical service including information we desire. doctors and nurses- These two types of serv It was agreed that members of the insulat ices can not be available in the same plant ing manufacturing group would submit de because doctors will not take the responsi scriptions of all accidents, causing disability bility for novices administering first aid. F. A. Schui.ee'. Do more infections oc cur in plants where there are first aid men or where there are nurses ? R. W. CaoucKER (Minnesota & Ontario Taper Company, International Falls, Minn.): injuries, to the committee chairman for gen eral distribution to the membership. If ad ditional information was desired in regard to any of the reports, members themselves would contact the safety director who sub mitted the report. It was agreed that the chairman would send each member of the We have both types of service in our com committee a mailing list for the entire in pany and we do not find any difference in sulation manufacturing group. the number of infection cases. Officers of the PULP AND PAPER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--H. B, GOODRICH, Maintenance & Safety Engineer, Strathmore Taper Company, West Springfield, Mass. Vice-Chairman & Program Chairman--A. K. MINOR, Safely Supervisor, The OntarioMinnesota Pulp ami Taper Coni|>any, Lid., Kenora, Ontario, Can. News Letter Editor--ART11UR CAK1.K, Safely Director, The Northwest Paper Com pany, Cloquet. Minn. Secretary & Membership Chairman-- DALLAS K. HENRY, Safety Coordinator, Southern Advance Bag and Taper Company, Hodge, La. Regional Membership Representatives--II. 1\ 1IUKBNER (East), Insurance Manager, The Flintkote Company, New York, N. Y,; C. C. MacPIKE (South), Safety Di rector, St. Regis Paper Company, Pensacola, Fla.; E. V. JOHNSON (Great Lakes), Safety Supervisor, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wis.; ERNEST DUTCHER (West), Safety Engineer, Pioneer Division, The Flintkote Company, Los Angeles, Calif.; *DOUGLAS B. CHANT (Canada), Secretary-Engineer, The Ontario Pulp & Paper Makers' Safety Association, Toronto, Ontario, Can. Medical Advisor--DR. JAMES D. STARK, Medical Director, Hammerniill Paper Com pany, Erie, Pa. Stufuiifoi Committee--GORDON LliMKE (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Employers' Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Wausau, Wis.; *R. W. CROUCHER, Safety Officer, Minnesota & Ontario Paper Comjiany, International Falls, Minn.; LAMBERT LOUY, Safety Director, Container Curjioration of America, Chicago, 111.; GEORGE MERRIMAN, Co-ordinator of Personnel, International Paper Company, Mobile, Ala.; W. H. McLAUGHLIN, Director of Safety and Sanitation, Lily-Tulip Cup Corpora tion, College Point, L. I., N. Y. Contest Committee--A. SCOTT DOWD (Chairman), President, Fritz Publications, Inc., Chicago, 111.; *J. FRED BERRY, Persotmel Manager, Alton Box Board Company, Alton, 111.; W. R. CAHILL, Director, Personnel Administration Department, NekoosaEdwards Paper Company, Port Edwards, Wis. Puipwood Logging Division--FRED T. MORR1S11 (Division Chairman), Safety Super visor, The Ontario-Minnesota Pulp & Paper Company, Ltd., Fort Frances, Ontario, Can. Publications Committee--SETH JACKSON (Chairman), Safety Officer, U. S. Forest Service, Washington, D. C.; I.ELAND W. HOOKER, Timber Technologist, Forest Products Research Division, Michigan College of Mining & Technology, Houghton, Mich.; JOHN E. SCHUELEK, Executive Secretary, Forest Products Safety Council of Michigan and Wisconsin, Rhinelander, Wis.; JOHN MADER, Safety Engineer, Employers' Mutual Liability Insurance Coinjiany of Wisconsin, Ironwood, Mich. Putwi Aids Committee--HARRY H. JEFFERSON (Chairman), Training Officer, Amer ican Puipwood Association, New York, N. Y.; JOHN CURIE, Safety Office, Great 33 I,-akf Paper Company, Fl. William, Ontario, Canada; J. C. RODGERSON', Safety Director, Brown Company, Berlin, N. H. Pulp Manufacturing Division--JULIUS A. DRAPER (Division Chairman), Director of Safety, Consolidated Paper Corporation, Ltd., Grand'Mere, P.Q., Can.. Publications Committee--D. V. HILL (Chairman), Safety Director, The Mead Corpora tion, Kingsport, Tenn.; R. CHAPMAN, Chairman, Mill Accident Prevention Com mittee, Howard Smith Paper Mills, Ltd., Cornwall, Ontario, Can.; A. S. COOK, Manager, Quebec Pulp & Paper Safety Association, Quebec, P.Q., Can.; F. O. SOUGHTON, Service and Safety Supervisor, LongLac Pulp and Paper Company, Ltd., Ter race Bay, Ontario, Canada. I'isual Aids Committee--MARION L. HODGES (Chairman), Safety* Director, West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, North Charleston, South Carolina; GEORGE S. NELSON, Claims 4 Safety Manager, Consolidated Water Power & Paper Company, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.; E. J. MARQUARDT, Safety Director, National Container Corporation, Tomahawk, Wis.; GEORGE PEARCE, Safety Officer, Bathurst Power 4 Paper Company, Ltd., Bathurst, New Brunswick, Can.; CYRIL D. McCAN, As sistant Safety Engineer, Crossett Paper Mills, Crosseit, Ark. Paper Manufacturing Division--E. B. LAMBTON (Division Chairman), Safety Engi neer, St. Regis Paper Company, New York, N. Y. Publications Committee--FRANCIS H. WAGNER (Chairman), Director of Safety, The Mead Corporation, Chillicotlie, Ohio; ROBERT K. MEREDITH, Safety Director, West Virginia Pulp and Paper Company, Tyrone, Pa.; L. J. CRICHTON, Safety Director, Camp Manufacturing Company, Franklin, Va.; OTTO SHERMAN, Safety Supervisor, Mill Division, Gaylord Container Corporation, Bogalusa, La.; C. R. JOHN STON, Personnel Director, Cornell Paperboard Products Company, Cornell, Wis. I*umo/ Aids Committee--JAMES N. CONAWAY (Chairman), Safety Director, Scott Taper Company, Chester, Pa.; HOWARD H. DYKE, Safety and Personnel, Inter national Paper Company, Glens Falls, N. Y.; ROBERT J. GELL, Staff Assistant, Paper Mill, Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y.; G. RUSSELL LEONHARD, Director of Safety, Peterson Parchment Paper Company, Bristol, Pa. Paper Converting Diviaion--ROBERT W. GRAY (Division Chairman), Safety Di rector, Union Bag and Paper Corporation, Savannah, Ga. Bag Manufacturing Committee--R. G. BELKNAP (Chairman), Safety Inspector, Beniis Brothers Bag Company, St. Louis, Mo.; MARTIN MANEY, Dir. of Training, St. Regis Paper Company, Pensacola, Fla. Bo* Manufacturing Committee--A. 0. VRANEK (Chairman), Safety Director, Con tainer Corporation of America, Chicago, 111.; G. J. B1ENVENU, General Superin tendent, Container Division, Gaylord Container Corporation, Bogalusa, La. Hoofing Manufacturing Committee--HUGH JACKSON (Chairman). Manager of Safely and Training, The Jolins-Manville Corporation, New York, N. Y.; PAUL B. MeINERNEY, Insurance and Safety Manager, Lloyd A. Fry Roofing Company, Summil, III.; FREDERICK A. SCHULZE, Director of Industrial Relations, The Ruberotd Company, Joliet, III.; CARL. L. EDDINS, Assistant Insurance Manager, The Flintkote Company, New York, N. Y. * * Insulation Manufacturing Committee--GORDON ALLEN (Chairman), Personnel Man ager, Wood Conversion Company, Coquet, Minn.; W. E. BLACKLEDGE, Safety Supervisor, Masonite Corporation, Laurel, Miss.; AMOS S. KEEN, Safety Directs^ Armstrong Cork Company, Lancaster, Pa. 34 munu/aciurmg Ltniiiiiith'r- VINCENT P. (OULON (( liainnan), Safety Director, The Sealright Com|iany, Inc., Fulton, N. Y.; A. J. HOMBLETTE, Safety Supervisor, Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenali, Wis.; W. L. LAUER, Safety Chairman, Dixie Cup Company, Easton, Pa. Past General Ckairpten--GEORGE J. ADAMS (1936-38), International Paper Company, Glens Falls, N. Y.; ROBERT M. ALTMAN (1919-20), Marathon Corporation, Rothschild, Wis.; J. FRED BERRY (1943-44), Alton Box Board Company, Alton, III.; CLAYTON O. BRAATZ (1941-42). L. Barnlnirger & Company, Newark, N. J.; D. B. CHANT (1939-41), Ontario Pulp 4 Paper Makers Safety Association, Toronto, Ontario, Can.; R. W. CROUCHES (1948-49), Minnesota 4 Ontario Paper Com pany, International Falls, Minn.; C. L. R. DOUGHERTY (1950-51), Assistant Man ager, Industrial Relations, Union Bag & Paper Corporation, Savannah, Ga.; KEN NETH L. FAIST (1928-29), The Champion Paper & Fibre Company, Hamilton, Ohio; WALTER A. GLEASON (1921-22), Hammermill Paper Company, Erie, Pa.; E. E. GRANT (1935-36), The Crystal Tissue Company, Middletown, Ohio; GEORGE W. HARPER (1949-50), University of Illinois, Urbana, lit; H. P. HEUBNER (1947-48), The Flintkote Company, New York, N. Y.; M. G. HOYMAN (1924-25), Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wis.; E. A. PAGE (1946-47), Kimberly-Clark Corporation, Neenah, Wis.; G. W. PHILLIPS (1923-24), The Champion Paper & Fibre Company, Canton, N. C.; J. J. PLZAK (1931-33), Consolidated Water Power 4 Paper Company, Wisconsin Rapids, Wis.; SAMUEL PRUYN (1929-30), Finch, Pruyn & Company, Inc., Glens Falls, N. Y.; ROLAND W. RICHARDSON (1942-43), The Gardner Board and Carton Company, lackland, Ohio; S. F. SHATTUCK 1915-16); L. R. SIMPSON (1944-46); GEORGE E. WILLIAMSON (1916-18, 1920-21), Strathmore Paper Company, West Springfield, Mass. Staff Representative--HAROLD R. ALLEY, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. *Past General Chairman 3S Officers of the RAILROAD SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951.52 General Chairman--L. E. HOFFMAN, St. Louis Southwestern Railway Lines, Tyler, Tex. Vice-Chairman--R. C. SABENS, The New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Com pany, Cleveland, Ohio. Secretary and News Letter Editor--R. S. JAMES, Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, Denver, Colo. Association Liaison Committee--*A. V. ROHWEDER (Chairman), Duluth, Missabe and Iron Range Railway Company, Duluth, Minn.; *D. E. MUMFORD (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; C. M. KIMBALL, Southern Railway System, Washington, 1). C. Contest Committee--*C. L. LaFOUNTAlNE (Chairman), The Great Northern Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn.; *G. W. ELSTE (Vice-Chairman), The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, Md.; C. M. KIMBALL, Southern Railway Sys tem. Washington, D. C.; !'. R. CALLAHAN. The Pullman Company, Chicago, III.; D. W. NAFF, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Roanoke, Va. Film and Sound Committee--R. I. GREENFIELD (Chairman), The Canadian Pacific Railway, Montreal, (Quebec; E. H. BLEWER (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; R. S. JAMES, Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, Denver, Colo.: M. A. NUGENT The Southern Pacific Company, San Fran cisco. Cal.; E. J. FLAHERTY. Lehigh Valley Railroad, New York, N. Y.; J. E. SLAVEN, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad, Chicago, III. Highway-Railway Crossing Comtnittee--C. M. KIMBALL (Chairman) Southern Rail way System, Washington, I). C.; *G. W. ELSTE (Vice-Chairman), The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, Md.; C. T. DeWITT, Northern Pacific Rail way Company, St. Paul, Minn-; E. L. DUGGAN, The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe . Railway Company, Chicago, III.; *R. P. HAMILTON, St. Louis-San Francisco Rail- I way Company, St. Louis Mo.; D. E. MUMFORD, New York Central System, New j York, N. Y.; J. E. SLAVEN, Chicago Burlington and Quincy Railroad, Chicago, III; ft J. P. WADSWORTH, Canadian National Railways, Montreal, Quebec; J. T. WIL- p LIAMS, The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. ij| Health Committee--C. H. O'DONNEL, M.D. (Chairman), New York Central System Detroit, Mich. Membership Committee--*W. 11. ROBERTS (Chairman), Chicago and North Western Railway System, Chicago, III.; L. H. PICKRYL (Vice-Cliairman), The River Ter minal Railway Company, Cleveland, Ohio; L. J. BENSON, The Chicago, Milwa*~~~ St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, 111.; FRANK L. WTnEGAR, Chicago, South Shore and South Bend Railroad Company, Michigan City, Ind.; P, R CALLAHAN, The Pullman Company Chicago, III.; D. P. BROWDER, Richnwa* Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad Company, Richmond, Va.; W. C. LARAWA*! The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation, Albany, N. Y. Nominations and Electiotis Committee--*J. R. THEXTON (Chairman), The Defa Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, Hoboken, N. 7 - *D. E. MUM (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N. Y.; `ROBERT Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, Wilmington, N. C.; *W. H. ROBERTS, North Western Railway System, Chicago, III.; *R. P. HAMILTON, St. Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. 38 Program Committee--*1. R. THEXTON (Chaivuiau), Tlw: Delaware, l-ackuwanua and Western Railroad Company, Hoboken, N. J.; L. C HAHNEY (Vice-Chairman), Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Kailway Company, Joliet, III.; F. R. CALLAHAN, The Pullman Company, Chicago, III.; *J. R. TENNEY, The Western Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, Md; F. B. LEWIS, Union Pacific Railroad Company, Omaha, Neb.; E. E. 5EYFAKTH, Belt Railway-Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, Chi cago, III.; *W. H. ROBERTS, Chicago and North Western Railway System, Chicago, I1L; *R. P. HAMILTON, $L Louis-San Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. Poster Committee--M. A. NUGENT (Chairman), The Southern Pacific Company, San Francisco, Cal.; R. S. JAMES (Vice-Chairman), Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, Denver, Cola; G. R. HUNTOON. Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, III.; L. B. HARPER, Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago, III.; O. R. DIAMOND, Kansas City Southern Railway Company, Shreve port, La.; B. A. McDONALD, Missouri-Pacific-Texas Lines, Dallas, Teg. Safe Practices Pamphlets Committee--J. P. WADSWORTH (Chairman), Canadian Na tional Railways, Montreal, Quebec; G. M. DEMPSEY (Vice-Chairman), Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, 111.; A. E. DUNCAN, The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, Grand Rapids, Mich.; C. D. BLUE, Chicago and Eastern Illinois Railroad Company, Danville; III.; W. G. LANDRAM, Wabash Railroad Company, St, Louis, Mo. Safety Devices Committee--E. E. SEYFARTH (Chairman), Belt Railway-Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad, Chicago, III.; G. C STROMSOE (Vice-Chairman), At lantic Coast Line Railroad Company, Wilmington, N. G; G. A. ROBINSON, The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, Richmond, Va.; R. H. SHORT, The Nash ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway Company, Nashville, Tenn ; S. S. SANDFORD, The Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, Jersey City, N. J.; J. T. WILLIAMS. The Pennsylvainia Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. Safety Instruction Card and Safetygrafh Committee--J. E. TOOHEY (Chairman), New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, New Haven, Conn.; C. T. DiWITT (Vice-Chairman), Northern Pacific Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn.; J. A. FLETCHER, The Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway Company, Hamilton, Ontario; A. J. BENSA1A, Boston and Maine Railroad Company. Boston, Mass.: H. A. LINDERER, St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Ma Stotwricr Committee--*J. R. TENNEY (Chairman), The Western Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, Md.; D. C. IRVING (Vice-Chairman), The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa.; B. A. GRUBBS, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Roanoke, Va.; S. D. COULTON, The New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Trespassing Committee--*W. H. ROBERTS (Chairman), Chicago and North Western Railway System, Chicago, III.; CAPT. J. R. NUTTER (Vice-Chairman), Kentucky and Indiana Terminal Railroad Company, Louisville, Ky.; C. M. KIMBALL, South ern Railway System, Washington, D. C.; M. BRACY, Southern Railway Systenfc Gncinnati, Ohio; HOMER CONNOR, The Baltimore awl Ohio Railroad Company# Baltimore, Md,; H. C DAULTON, The Louisville and Nashville Railroad Compaiw. Louisville, Ky. Stef Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. *ftat General Chairman 18 Rubber Industry fie in the trucking department should have regular meetings with their foreman or su pervisors to discuss safety. It can produce good results. Use of the N. S. C. Safety graph oft trucking presented to ail the peo ple with appropriate discussion is one of the best available means of bringing power truck safety to the front. There arc many other items which could be included, but 1 feel that the subject has been developed sufficiently in the allowed time. To summarize--the following items should be carried out for successful sale operation of power trucks: f. Right selection of drivers. 2. Proper training and follow-up. 3. Proper mainte nance. 4. Maintain interest in his job. 5. Strict adherence to the safety rules and the exercise of good judgment always. 6. Never fait to make the following tests before ever taking a truck out: Check--a. Brakes, b. Steering apparatus, c. Horn and d. Oper ator's control. Officers of the RUBBER SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman--G. H. BURKHARDT, General Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Vice-Chairman in Charge of Program--R. M. BOYLES, Midwest Rubber Reclaiming Co., East St Louis, III. Secretary--R. W. FICKES, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. News Letter Editor--F. W. SANDS, 1). S. Rubber Co., New York, N. Y. Engineering Committee--W. 1. DOOLING (Chairman), Hood Rubber Co., Div. of B. F. Goodrich Co., Watertown, Mass.; J. L. DEAN, The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co-, Memphis, Tenn.; A. R, POMEROY, The Ohio Rubber Co., Willoughby, Ohio. Trade Association and Liaison Committee--C. E. BECK, (Chairman), St. Clair Rubber Co., Marysville, Mich. - Health Committee--DR. R. H. WILSON (Chairman), The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio; K. A. KELSON, The Goodyear Tire 4 Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio; DR. W. L. HOGUE, JR., The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Membership Committee--T. ). CAIN, JR. (Chairman), The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio; *H. L. ANDREWS (Co-Chairman), The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Potts- town, Pa.; *S. A. WRIGHT (Co-Chairman), Inland Manufacturing Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio. Publicity Committee--C. E. FRICK (Chairman), Van Cleef Brothers, Inc., Chicago, XU. Rules and Regulations Committee--*G. D. CROSS (Chairman), The Firestone Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Poster Committee--M. R. BATCHE (Chairman), Xylns Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio; J. J. RAYTKWICH, Naugatuck Chemical, Div. of U. S. Rubber Co., Naugatuck, Conn. Statistics Committee--F. T. REYNOLDS (Chairman), University of Akron Government Laboratories, Akron, Ohio. Manufacture of Synthetic Rubber Committee--W. M. GRAFF (Chairman), U. S. Rubber Co., New York, N. Y.; K. B. DAVIS, B. F. Goodrich Chemical Co., Avon Lake, Ohio; E. R. BONNER, Kentucky Synthetic Rubber Corp., Louisville, Ky.; W. E. KAVENAGH, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio. Umbers at Large--*T. H. BOYD, Manhattan Rubber Manufacturing, Div. of Raybestos Manhattan, Inc., Passaic, N. J.; *R. A. BULLOCK, Corduroy Rubber Co., Grand Rapids, Mich.; *R. S. FARNUM, U. S. Rubber Co., Detroit, Mich.; *0. HOPKINS, U. S. Rubber Co.. Providence, R. I.; 'ROLAND KASTELL, U. S. Rubber Co., New York, N. Y.; 'J. M. KERRIGAN, U S. Rubber Reclaiming Co., Buffalo, N. Y.; J. T. KIDNEY, The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Co., Akron, Ohio; *J. E. Lcvas, U. S. Rubber Co.. Passaic, N. J.; *W. L. SCHNEIDER, The B. F. Goodrich Co., Akron, Ohio. Bs# Representative--F. A. VAN ATTA, National Safety Council, Chicago, I1L ** Central Quirous 19 "m1 X a? 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TJ 0 r 3 o "n M i i--, m n r.D T t in a c 0 J 0 | o ij -< J Q 3 ID ct 0) Dx C) ft c o o n M t< c 4-H 0 w- 03 TJ 3 PI D t 0 3 fit Jr n Z ID o >Q Hi I 44 Coal Mining Industry a post about 25 feet from (he face with the flattened discharge nozzle pointing toward the face. When the sholfircr has connected the wiring of his shots he turns the water and compressed air into the gun and regu lates each until the discharge is in the form of a mist. lie then goes to a safe place ami fives the shots, and it has been found that he and the rest of the face crew can return to the face immediately, so that not more than five minutes are lost by wailing for the place to clear of smoke and fumes. Aliotil 12 pounds of powder is used per round of 8 shots. The device uses surpris ingly little water. A test we made in the shops yesterday indicated only about 2 gal lons per minute. "The device used here seems to have !<ccn developed about 20 years ago by our present State Mine Inspector W. J. Evans at the Carbonado Mine of the Pacific Coast Coal Co., but was apparently not used ex tensively for a number of years. We have been using it about two years now. "There is a good description on page 114 of the August, 1948 issue of Coal Age of an identical device used by lire Hudson Coal Co. of Scranton, Pennsylvania. Also, of a much larger device used hy the Walsh Con struction Company in extensive rock tunnel work on the Delaware Aqueduct water sys tem for New York City, as described on page 6224 of the August, and page 6230 of the September, 1940, issues of Compressed Air Magazine, from ail of which it would seem that you should be able to effect im provements by the use of mist-sprays in the working faces of your Potash Mines." Roof Drilling with Dust-Control Equipment By JAMES WESTFIELD Chief, Accident Prevention and Health Division, Region VIII, Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. Drillings for roof tailing have created a new dust problem for the coal-mining in dustry. Drilling is inherently dusty, and control of the dust produced by drilling vertical, or nearly vertical boles is nuirli more difficult than control of that produced by drilling flat or down boles. Moreover, the dust produced by roof drilling differs in composition front that produced by drill ing or cutting the coal face, in that it contains a significantly greater amount of free silica and therefore presents a greater potential hazard of causing the lung disease, silicosis. Roof tailing has been practiced success fully in the mines of the St. Joseph Lead Co. in southeastern Missouri for over 20 years, but it was not until 1947 and 1948 that large-scale roof-bolting experiments ere first conducted in coal mines. Although the need for dust control in conjunction with roof drilling was recognized from the beginning, the development and acceptance of roof bolting progressed so rapidly during 1949 and 1950 tint solution of the dust problem lagged behind other engineering phases of the tcclmi<|uc. The roof generally is tailed where the immediate roof is soft mid in many instances where the roof tails can he seined fimily into a harder or more substantial formation atavc. The ly|>es of strata found in drilling a roof arc coal, shale, sandstone, limestone, and all tire impure and intermediate varia tions of these materials. A comprehensive study of the geologic sections of the immediate roof of mines in Region VIII of the Bureau of Mines, where roof-bolting studies are in progress, reveals that 67.7 per cent of the footage of all the holes drilled for roof tails is in shale, 23.4 per cent is in sandstone and sandy shale, 7.1 per cent is in coal and coaly shale, and 1.8 per cent is in limestone. Shale consists chiefly of kaolin, musco vite, and quartz, with small amounts of many other minerals. Sandstone consists principally of quartz, with a cementing material of silica, cnicitc, or timonitc. A 000G11 Roof Drilling with Dust- 'iguifmeut 45 limestone consists chiefly of ealcitc, with varying amounts of quartz. Even the roal may contain a small percentage of quart*. Thus, quartz is present in significant amounts in about 91 per cent of all the rock drilling for roof bolting. Tbc Ircc-silica content of a mineral ma terial (quartz is the most abundant fnrm of free silica) is determined most accurately hy the X-ray diffraction method, which is based u|hiu (lie specific diffractive pro|tcrlies of crystalline substances. This method rcipiircs only a small sample, and the smalt size of industrial dusts docs not affect the results adversely. Determination of free silica by this method was developed in part in the Bureau of Mines, where it is now used for quantitative analysis of samples of rock, rock dust, drill cuttings, and nir-tainc dust. The frce-silica content of the roof strata of 51 coal mines lias been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis from roof rock, drill cuttings, and niidget-hnpiuger samples of air-borne dust collected in mines in nine Kaslcrn States. The average frec-silica content of 80 samples from these mines is 31 per cent, and it ranges from seven to 88 per cent. The frcc-silira content of the roof strata of 43 of the mines classified as having shale roof averages 26.5 |*cr cent and ranges from seven to 62 tcr cent. The frce-silica content of the roof strata of eight of the mines classified as having sandstone roof averages 55 |hi cent and langes from 31 to RH per lent. *1 hesg results show that wide variation may exist in the composition of various oof strata and that the content of free silica encountered in drilling a shale roof may equal or exceed that found in drilling a so-called sandstone roof. Although the composition of a mineral source material may not ta considered an exact index of the composition of air-borne dust produced by mechanical disintegration nf the material, sonic evidence on this sub ject is available. Unpublished data dcvelo|>cd by the Bureau of Mines indicate that the quartz content of air-lmrnc dust decreases as the lime of settling increases, and direct comparison of analyses available in the Health Branch of the Bureau of Mines also indicates that the* frcc-silira content of Ihc air-tame dust produced by TBUiir I dril gfotwlinl, but not significant^!. Icsf ' rec-Vilica fconlcnl of the mam rial drilled. These results, though loo limited to l*c (mltisive, give some justification for using the analysis nf the source malerial In evalu ating the dust hazard, particularly since the error, if any, is on the side of safely. It nay ta pointed out also that Industrial Code 33 of the Stale of New York, Control of Silica Dust in Rock Drilling, liases its defi nition of "injurious silica-dust concentra tion" upon analysis of the source material drilled. Any dust breathed in large quantities over a long period can impair the health of a worker, amt silica is recognized as definitely harmful when inhaled into the lungs. Coat dust is less harmful but should not be con sidered completely harmless. The hazard of exposure to silica-taaring dust is commonly gaged by the number of dust particles found in a unit volume of air and the frce-silica conlciil of the dust. Limits for occupational exposure expressed in such terms have been suggested by evalu ation of tbc results of numerous clinical and engineering studies. The Bureau of Mines lias made the folhnviug tentative mmmmndali"n on allow able l.mils of air dustiness: "In bituminous and lignite mines, the nvciage full-shift couernlratirm of alumsplica if .lust to which a workman may ta* <-x|Nisfd should not exceed ,!0 million par ticles |hi cubic tool ol air, and a maximum eniiecnhalion for any single operation should not exceed 40 million particles of dust Iter cubic font of air. When the dust con tains silica, not more Ilian five million par ticles of silica dust per cubic foot of air should ta present in lire atavc limiting concentrations. "The dust count may be multiplied by the percentage of silica concent ration, and if the icsiilt is less Ilian five million the lust rniirtnlralion will ta considered safe. The almve limiting conernlralions are based ni impingcr sample* in which light-field counts arc made under a mirroseope." To maintain these standards a dust con centration higher than 18.0 million particles t*er cubic fool of air would not ta allowable when the average shale roof is diilled, ami a dust coucculration higher Ilian 9.1 million 46 Coat Mining Industry tvoiild not be allowable when the average sandstone roof is drilled. A dust concen tration no higher than 5.7 million would be required in some instances. Table I lists the types of drilling equip ment used for roof drilling, the numlter of mines using each type, and the number of mines using or not using a dust-control method with each type It can be seen that at 71.1 per cent of the mines roof is drilled viih no dust-control equipment; contrary to tlie Bureau of Mines recomineitdalion tint "a dust respirator is not to be used as a permanent substitute for dust-control measures," reliance is placed upon tlie pro tection offered by respirators. Table I.--Roof-Drilling Duit-Coittrot Piactkc, All Coal Mines, Region VIII -' Total Some No Drilling Equipment________ Nwmbee Method Method Pneumatic pereuxioo....... .270 Rl 1S7 F.ltclrk rotary ........................ 17 2 77 Hydraulic rotary .................... S 37 Pncvmatk petcuuion and electric rotary .................... 6 7I Pneumatic percussion and Mtaslic rotaif ................. 4I____________ 7 _ "TotalTall types......................373 Per cent, all types.............. 100.0 102 271 20.9 71-1 Table 2 sitows wlmt dust-control methods arc used in conjunction with imcumalic per cussion, electric rotary, ami hydraulic rolary drills. Nolc that tlie applications of dust collectors tmlnumltcr the applications of water. Table 2.--Dust-Control Method and Applkalion to Drilling Equipment. Alt Coal Mines. Region VIII - Drilling Equipment * Dust-cwrtiul method Nmt ............................................ Pncumrtk percussion Electric rotary id Hjrdraulk rotary 3 t. Total! Number 49 Per cent 15 5 Total apotkaltons ................................................................... 'IkImW 10 miner Ming 2 Ifpel ( drilling equipment. w 100.0 Dust concetilraliuns recently observed in five mines where stopper-ty|te pneumatic drills are used without dust-control equip ment averaged fi07 million particles per cubic fool of air and ranged from SI to 1,194 million particles per cubic foot. In six mines where electric rotary drills were used willwut dust-control cqiii|icnt, the dust concentration averaged 313 million (articles |irr mine fool ami ranged front 10 to 1,185 iitillkmi particles per cubic foot. Tlie dust concenlratious citrtl are indica tive of the dust exposure of the driller but were obtained under such variable condi tions dial they sltould nol lie used for direct comparison. For instance, die averages in dicate that pneumatic drilling produces twice as mtich dust as electric rotary drilling; actually (he ratio may be higltcr. Tlie ranges indicate dial cither ty|K of drill may produce dust concentrations higher Ilian one billion particles per cubic foot of air. This amount of dust can pollute the air to such an extent as to constitute a serious menace to the health, not only of the drillers, but of any persons working in the rclnrn air from (he place where drilling is being done. Dust produced by roof drilling must be arrested or collected at its source if it is lo lie emit rolled adequately. This can Ik done by water or a dust collector. Water can lie used effectively with imeninatic per cussion nr hydraulic rotary drills. f)u<l collectors can Ik adapted to any type of drilling equipment. Introduction of water to the Imllnm of the hole through the drill steel when drilling is done with piKiimntic percussion drills lias Ikcii accepted as standard practice in metal mines. This practice is applicable lo roof drilling and complies with the Federal Mine Safely Code requirements. Success ful ronlrol by ibis method depends mainly ujmn maintaining the flow of enough water through the drill, using water continuously during the drilling period, and providing liosilive ventilation as needed. High dust concentrations can result if loo little water is used, especially when vertical lades arc drilled with a sto|Kr-ty|K drill. It is advisable to maintain adequate water pressure so that a full flow of water can Ik realized. Collaring dry--that is, drilling (lie first few inches of hole iKforc opening water valve--can also cause high dust conrcnlration^ and should not be allowed. During recently observed roof drilling ooc: is Roof Drilling u'ith Dusl-Conti uif-ment 47 with a wet slojKr drill, dust conccutratkms averaged 13.3 million (articles per cubic foot of air and doubtless would have Ikcii lower had not all the Itolcs been collared dry, as conditions for maintaining low dust concentrations otherwise were excellent. Wet drilling must Ik su]plcmciitcd by ventila tion to obtain (lie desired control, as the water ikKS not arrest Cite dust completely. Ollier conditions (King favorable, normal ventilating currents slmuld prove ailcipialc IhiI will have to Ik directed to the drilling operation. The most frequent objection lo wet, pneu matic percussion drilling is that it is a tlis- agrcealtfe task. The splashing of the water and drill cuttings and (Ik wetness under fool are tnrtictdarly objectionable to the driller when the headroom is limited, as in many coal mines. Various hydraulic rolary drills have been <levelo|Kd, and the use of water to control (Ik dust reportedly has been successfully applied to them. 'I'lie Bureau of Mines lias Kit ns yet had opiiorliiuity to observe the results obtained. The need for a water-distribution system or the use of inconvenient pressure tanks, tlK adverse effect ii(u>n souk mine naif and Ilnur, and the difficulty of using water with electric drills arc other factors dial limit the use of water lo allay drilling dusts. Results of tests conducted witii welting agents, foam, and various types of water sprays, all with the lni|K of minimizing these factors, have Ikcii unfavorable. Satis factory cqiiiinncnt for producing and apply ing foam has nol been dcvclo|Ktl; water sprays have proved inefficient, and thus far the performance of welling agents has not justified their use. The operating piinciplc of most dust col lectors is application of exhaust ventilation near the source of the dust. Numerous dustcontrol systems IkisciI mjhhi this principle have liccn devised for controlling dust pro duced by all lyjKS of pneumatic rock drills. ' Souk of these hare ik-monslralcd that, by proper application of this principle, suc cessful results could Ik obtained, even under (Ik most diflioilt conditions. Regardless of results, unfavorable o|>craliiig fealmrs re stricted their complete development. . .With the advent of roof drilling, the |missibilily that their use here might overcome tlie serious objection* to wet drilling and . '' : fUQtey were applicable to electric giiifriljardtstiniukted theiv fntdtcj _ development. To meet this need, several types of dust collectors now liave been made available commercially, and others have been ileveloiKd and used locally. In 1950, tlie Bureau of Mines inaugurated a program at the Experimental Mine, BruceIon, i'a., for testing dust-collecting devices <lcvchqK>l commercially for application lo roof drilling in coal mines. Tlie reasons fur condiKliug these tests were to assist (Ik designers of the equipment by evaluating the effectiveness of the devices under con trolled test conditions ami In enable the Bureau of Mines lo obtain information on dissemination of dust during roof drilling, ami on mclltods of controlling it, that will Ik beneficial to tlie mining industry'. Under this program, performance tests were conducted for six different types of dust-collecting systems. Each design has in cluded a collecting head, an exhaust vcutilatmg system, and means for removing the entrained dust load from the air passing through the svslcin licforc releasing it to the mine atmosplKrc. The itesigii of the hood is most ini|H,rl;iiil Iwcanse it affects the dust-collecting tflirimy directly and dictates tlie performance ie<iuiied of the oiIkt |Ktrls of the cnllerlor. Drilling in hard roof provinces fine, readily Iransjiortcd particles, whereas drilling in soft roof, such as occurs above the I'iUshtirglt scam, produces large, scalelike (ar ticles that lend to plug a dust collector un less it is designed lo accommodate tlici; transport. The cnllectnrs apparcnll) mm* successful have nvcrcmiK this difficulty liy avoiding restrictions and using the effect of gravity lo full advantage ii moving the drill culling* from the hole. The provisions for a light seal where (he drill steel |iasscs through the IkhmI arc more critical than the provision for a seal where (Ik hood contacts the roof. Unfa vorable results caused hy. ail ineffective li ill-rod se:d cannot Ik overcome by any reasonable amount of exhaust ventilation Either positive pressure exhausters or air injectors can proviilc an adequate rale of exhaust ventilation if the previously men tioned diriicidlics are avoided. Removal of the dust load from air (Kiss ing through the system lias Ikcii no prob lem, king accomplished either by gravity  Coal Mining Industry Roof Drilling with Dust-Control Equipment 49 paration ol (lie large particles and mctanical filtration of (lie fine parlides or, ore simply, by mechanical filtration alone, wo collectors liave been designed for re* oving (lie dust load by a washing action. No attempt has been made to evaluate the atures of the various collectors other than <eir collecting efficiencies. It is obvious at sire, weight, and portability should tie veil more consideration. It is noteworthy i:il uk of llie most SOCCCSsfld dust colctors is so compact (hat one man alone m move it about and set it up with ease. The results of some performance tests .ive shown that it is' possible to reduce iof-dri)ling dust concentrations to five lillion particles per cubic foot of air with ry-dust collectors and that a dust collector ui perform satisfactorily with eitlter pneuatic percussion or electric rotary drills. The favorable results obtained under se ne lest conditions indicate that dust pro* need by pneumatic roof drilling can be Hilrolled more effectively by tlse use of an ificient dry dust collector than by the aplicalion of water. The performance tests are not to be con(rued as approval tests, such as arc cwi nded by the Bureau of Mines on other r pes of equipment under provisions of apropriale puhlislicd schedules. Such a scliedle, establishing permissibility tests, is being 'repared and upon completion will allow lie Bureau of Mines to grant formal aproval to equipment passing (lie prescribed l'Ki. Approval-scliedule procedure tests ave demonstrated tlie ability of dry-dustllecling equipment to control dust in acordance with (he tentative Bureau of Minej ecommendalions previously discussed. Article IX, Section lb, of the Federal line Safety Code U .specific in requiring lie use of water for controlling dust where oof or other rock is being drilled with crcussion drills. This precludes the use of Iry-dust collectors, successfully or other/ise, and tlie federal coal-mine inspector .as no alternative but to cite a violation f Site code where this practice is observed. The citation is not capitalized, as nor mally would be done when a serious hazrd to health exists, if, in the inspector's pinion, site dust collector is doing a good oli. Statements of the facts of the case are 'eluded in the report under the licading General Information." The Bureau of Mines recognizes the situation of an oper ator thus cited and suggests that he appeil from the citation to (lie Joint Industry Safely Committee. Acceptable dry-dust collectors have been developed, and the Bureau of Mines lias pro|wscd to tlie Joint Industry Safety Com mittee a revision of Article IX, Section lb, to permit the use of dry-dust collectors with pneumatic drills. Article XI, Section 7g. of Hie code states that men cx|wscd to gas, dust, fume, and mist inlialation (or short periods shall wear permissible respiratory equipment. Koch drilling, other than roof drilling, lias been excepted frwn dust-control provisions, in many instances, under this section. A comprehensive study of the airborne dust resulting from rock drilling in toal mines has been undertaken by the Bureau of Mines; and data obtained from this survey indicate that, in some instances, rock drillers and oilier workmen are being ex posed lo injurious concentrations of dust. The application of dust cwitrol to roof drill ing will stimulate the application of dust control to oilier rock-drilling tasks. Kock drilling without dust control cannot be jus tified if and when suitable control methods can be applied. Summary 1. In Kcgiwi VIII, 353 coal mines are using roof boiling, and 63 milliwi square Icct of roof area arc being supported by roof bolts. 2. Tlie roof strata drilled lor roof l*olting contain significant amounts of free silica. The samples taken from 51 mines in Region VIII show that the frec-silica content av erages 31 per cent. 3. Roof drilling without provisions for dust control results in a serious health haz ard, as drillers and other workmen in the return air from the place where drilling is being done arc exposed to dangerously high concentrations of silica-bearing dusts. 4. Dust-control mctliods arc not used in cwijunction with roof drilling at 71 per cent of all the mines in Region VIII where roof boiling is being practiced. 5. Wet pneumatic roof drilling, i( prop erly cwiductcd, results in favorable dust concentrations, but it can affect the mine roof and floor adversely, is a disagreeable task (particularly in low coal), and re quires a water-distribution system or use of pressure tanks. 6. The development of dust collectors has been stimulated by the need for over coming the objectionable features that ac company wet pneumatic roof drilling and by the fact that they can be adapted lo electric rotary drills. 7. The Bureau of Mines inaugurated a program for testing the efficiency of dust collecting devices developed commercially for application to roof drilling in coal mines, and the test work proved that the principles applied in these dust collectors arc adequate. 8. In inspecting mines the federal in spector is forced lo cite a violation of llte Federal Mine Safely Code when roof drill ing is done with a pneumatic drill. even if a dry-dust collector is used successfully; as a result, the Bureau of Mines has asked t i the Joint Industry Safely Committee to re vise the code to permit use of dry-dust col lectors in connection with roof drilling. 9. Control of the dust produced by roof drilling is difficult but must be accomplished. The effort being cx|icudcd toward proper application of wet methods and newly dovcloi*cd supplementary devices should re sult in a high degree ol success. If). Rock drilling other Ilian roof drill ing has ken excepted from dust-conirul provisions in many instances by (lie Federal Mine Safety Code. This exception has re sulted in rock drillers and other workmen being exposed to injurious concentrations of dust. Development and application of dust control lo roof drilling will stimulate appication of dust control to other rock drilling tasks. Rock drilling without dust control cannot lie justified if and when suitable control methods can be applied. 0003 lh* -------------- ------------ ..J? IM Officers of the COAL MINING SECTIQj NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1*51.1! General Chairman Emeritus--ARTHUR BRADBURY, Inland Steel Conijiaiiy, ( wright, Ky. , . *! General Chairman--STANLEY II. MOONEY, Woodward Iron Company, Woodward, . Secretary--H. F. WEAVER, U. S. Bureau of Mims, Washington, D. C first Rice-Chairman--J. V. BERRY, Uethleliem Collieries Corporation, Johnstown, Second Rice-Chairman--JOHN M. REID, Hudson Coal Co., Scranton, Fa. l*bor Representatives--C. F. DAVIS, United Mine Workers of America, Waslii.^. I). C.; AUGUST J. LIPPI, United Mine Workers of America, District No. I, Mk Building, Scranton, l'a.; C. E. JONES, United Mine Workers of America, District,. Beckley. W. Va. > Visual Aids Committee--F. J. FORESMAN (Chairman), The Pittsburg & Midway Coal ^Mining Company, Pittsburg, Kans.; R. M. MONTEITH, Weirton Coal Cwn|mny, ella, Pa.; F. J. PETERNELL, Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springs, Wyo. gram Committee--}. J. FORBES, (Chairman), U. S. Hurcau of Mines, Washington, XC.; W. D. NORTHOVER, Roclwster k Pittsburgh Coal Company, Indiana, Fa.; J. ANKENNY, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. -^..rship Committee--GEORGE H. DEIKE (Chairman), Mine Safely Appliances {.Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; J. H. REITZ, Republic Steel Corporation, Uuionlown, l^a.; KFRED W. WISE, North Western Mining and Exchange Company, Dii Ibis, Pa.; } F. HERBERT, Bituminous Casualty Corporation, Rock Island, III. iieity Committee--IVAN A. GIVEN (Oiairman), Coal Age, New York, N. Y.; j. O. ARNOLD, Phelps Dodge Corporation, Slag Canon Branch. Dawson, N. M.; JEORGE C LINDSAY, Mechanization, Washington, D. G; P. D. McMURER, jjtiterican Mining Congress, Wasliington, D. C. , Representative--G. G. GRIEVE, National Safety Council, Qiicago, III. iline Operator/ Representatives--E F. LIMERICK, Fillsbwrgli Consolidation Coal --.. |any, Fairmont, W. Va.; G. H. SAM BROOK, II. C. Frick Coke Company, Fridj Building, Fitlsburgli, Fa.; JOHN M. REID, The Hudson Coal Company, Scranton, Lv Coal Associations--EARL R. MAIZE, National Coal Association, Washington, DM U. S. Bureau of Mines Representatives--J. J. FORBES, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Wa-- Inn, D. C; JAMES WESTFIELD, District A. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Mine Inspector/ Institute of America Representatives--A. FINLEY IIARFEK, Safety and Health Division, Department of Industrial Relations of Alabama, Birr '75ham, Ala.; A. D. SISK, Department of Mines & Minerals, Stale of Kentucky, --,, ington, Ky.; STEPHEN WILLIAMS, Division of Mines, Slate nf Ohio, CohimhaJ Ohio. Stole Mine Inspectors' Representatives--THOMAS ALLEN, Stale Inspector of Min*] State House, Denver, Cob.; RICHARD MAIZE, Stale Secretary of Mines, ___ _ wealth of Fennsylvania, Uarrislmrg, Fa.; WALTER EADIE, Bureau of Mines, Sprit field. Ilk . Engineering Committee--R. D. CURRIE (Chairman), General Reinsurance Corpora. Triicksville, Pa.; J. II. FOKG1E, Armco Slccl Corporation, Monicoal, W. Va.; M. FORESTER, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company, Koppers Building, Pitlsburi, Pa.; L. H. JOHNSON, Peabody Coal Company, Taylorville, III.; H. A. QUENO Eastern Gas It Fuel Associates, Grant Town, W. Va. M.*r. Entertainment Committee--C. M. DONAHUE, Mine Safely Appliances Company, Pkb*| burgh. Pa. 1 . Pojfrr Committee--W. I. SCHUSTER (Chairman). Hanna Coal Company, St. vB ville, Ohio; HARRY A. LE1DIC1I. Fhiladelpliia and Reading Coal & Iron ] Foitsville, Fa.; G. K. SF1KDI.EK, School of Mines, University of West Virgin Morgantown, W. Va. ^ OCK17 Kvk*. * Officers of the CONSTRUCTION SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Honorary Life Member--SAMUEL R. BISIIOP, New York, N. V. Central Chairman--H. W. RICHARDSON, Construction McIImmIs and Equipment, Nr York. N. Y. Vice Cluiirnutn--GEORGE A. HENISH, Associated General Contractors of Amer Milwaukee, Wis. Secretary--MISS OLIVE li, POTTER, Contractors and Engineers Monthly, N' York, N. Y. Engineering Committer--V. II. MACKIK (Chairman), Manager. Construction Diviskq Engineering Department, K. I. dn Pont lie Nemours and Co., Wilmington, Dd JOSEPH A. Dcl.UCA, E. I. dn Pont ile Nemours and Comjiany, Wilmington, Del JOHN DICiCiP.S, Safely Iliieclnr, Dc|Kirtmcnt of Subways ami Superhighways, of Chicago, Chicago, III.; VIRGIL E. GUN LOCK, Commission of Subways ad Superhighways, City of Chicago, Chicago, III.; RAY II. IIAIIN, Allegheny Asphdl amt Paving Company. Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; DANIEL HAYES, Atomic Energy Caw mission, Washington, l). C.; O. LUPINSKI, Lupinski, Irk'., Milwaukee, Wh; HAROLD E. SNEED. DcWall, Inc, Lancaster, Pa. Membership Committee-- KOHERT L. MOORE (Chairman), Lumbermen's Mutual C rally Company, Chicago, III.; H. It. ALEXANDER, II. I). Alexander ami Son, Harrisburg, Pa.; C. H. IIRONSON, National Constructors Association, New Y* N. Y.; GEORGE COM PS, Michigan Chapter, Associated General Conlraclurs.il America, Lansing, Mich.; KOHERT M. KVENDEN, Safety Director, Gny F. Alts* son Company, South San E'rnncisco, Calif.; FRED A. IIOHNSHY, Mine Safety idiaiKes Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; CLEMENT J. LUEPKE., T. II. Maslin Company, St. Louis, Mo.; JAMES M. SPROUSE, Associated General Conlrac; of America, Washington, I). C. Program Committee--J EJtOM l\ I. WII.LI AMS ((liairmau), Director of Safely, Mg rison-Knudseu Co., Hoisc, hla.; K. J. 11ENI lEKSI K ITT (Assislanl Chair Associated General Contractors at Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.; C M. CAUL Massman Construction Co., Kansas City, Mn.; KENNETH E. COUGHLIN, K City Bridge Co., Kansas Cily. Mo.; DALE- MEUSIIF.R, Area Supl., National Curp., Allanla, (a.; W. T. ROGEIRS, Elrasco Services Im-., New York, N. Y. . Piddicity Committee-- EKI\I) A. HOKNSHY (Chairman), Mine Safely Appliancti Pittsburgh, Pa.; HAROLD J. McKEliVER, Roads ami Si reels Chicago, lllp GEORGE ROBINSON, Associated General Contractors of Missouri, Jefferson Mo.; VINCENT B. SMITH, Engineering News-Record, McGraw-Hill Tublr Co., Washington, D. C.; WILLIAM E. WOODRUFF, The Constructor, As General Contractors of America, Washington, D. C. News Litter Editor--JAMES A. SHAW, Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicago^ U* Members-ai-Large--LLOYD A. BLANCHARD, Director, Rescue Service Division, i Federal Civil Defense Administration, Washington, D. C.; GERARD O. GRIFFIN, jjf Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; OTTO S. HOLMSKOG, Employers Mutual Liability * Insurance Co., Wausau, Wis.; HARRY J. KIRK, Associated General Contractors v of America, Washington, D. C.; RAY J. UEIGELUTH, New Haven Trap Rock Co, New Haven, Conn.; II. S. BENTON, Warren E. Bellows Construction Corp., Houston, Texas; C. II. BLACK, Stone and Webster Engineering Corp., Iloslnu, Mass.; I.KK DEARDORF, W. L. lohnson Construction Co., lHcksvillc, Ohio; ROBERT IIALBERT, Liberty Mutual InsuraiKe Co.. Chicago. HI.; ROBERT L. JENKINS, OHice . of the Qiief of Engineers, Department of the Army, Washington, D. C.; N. U. O'CONNELL, Turner ConslrtH'limi Com|tany, Boston, Mass.; It. A. KADZIKOWSKI, Department of Commerce, llnreaii of Public Roads, Washington, D. C.; JOHN 'A. VOLPE, Volpe Construction Co., Malden, Mass.; S. D. WERII, Dravo Corp., . Pittsburgh, Pa.; DWIGHT W1NKKLMAN, I). W. Winkclman Co., Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. Engineering Societies and Notional /tssociation Representatives--(American Association of Stale Highway OUkials) W. G. I'KUliTT, Director, Alabama State Highway Department, Montgomery, Ala.; (American luslilule of Architects) CHARLES S. HAINES, Tarrytown, N. Y.; (American Society of Civil Engineers) ALFRED T. GLASSETT, W, J. Harney Corp., New York, N. Y.; (American Society of jj. Mechanical Engineers) J. I. HANAS1I, West Lis Angeles, Calif.; (|`ower Crane and Shovel Association and Mixer Manufacturers Hineau) E*. II. LICIITE2NHERG, Kochring Company, Milwaukee, Wis. Staff Representative--HOWARD II. WAKXYN, National Safrly I 'KmhiI. ( hirago, |||. r f! ). Officers of the ELECTRICAL EQUIPMEN SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-51 'kairmim--CLIFTON N. FOGG, Safely Engineer,-ftimpfex Wire ft Cable Compaq; Cambridge, Mass. ' i'iee-Ckairman of Radio, Electronics & Lamps Division--J. J. LAWLER, Div. Safd| Engineer, Sylvania Electric Products Inc., ]Lni|xjrium, Pa. - P'ite-Ckainnan of lltavy Apparatus Division--E. CLARK WOODWARD, Director d Safety, A. O. Smith Corporation, Milwaukee, Wis. - I 'ue-Ckairman of Appliance and Light Apparatus Division--FREDERIC T. CLAR Supvr. of Employee Relations, Alkyd Resin Plant, Chemical Mat. Dept., Electric Company, Schenectady, N. Y. 'iee-Ckoirman of Electrical Wire and Cable Division--PETER CONTARDO, SafdJ Director, John A. Roelding's Sons Company, Trenton, N. j. Warner Corjioralion, Chicago, 111.; EARL K. GERHART, Ass't Safety Director, Krigklairc Div, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohin; MYIIREN I. GJHRDK. Safely . Engineer, Thomas A. Edison, Inc., West Orange, N. J.; RUSSELL C. TIRKELL, Div. Safely Engineer, Sylvania Electric Products, Inc., Salem, Mass. reining Cr I'ublicotions Committee--HAROLD C. STAN/.LF.R (Chairman), Personnel 4 Safely Director, Collyer Insulated Wire Company, Pawtucket, R. 1.; EDWARD . GRAHAM, Ll. Col., USAF, Hi|, Airways and Air Cnmimmicalions Service, MATS, * Andrews AK Base, Washington. D. C.; OL1VF.R C. BOLIEAU, Mgr.. Safety, ffeallfi 4 insurance Section, Radio Corp. nf America, RCA Victor Div., Camden, N. J.; j. MILLER, Safety Supvr., AHis-Otalmcrs Company, Norwood, Ohio. Trade Associations Committee--JAMES A. EDMONDS (Chairman), Vire-Pres., Daniel Woodhcad Com|tany, Chicago, III.; ALBERT A. RAPP, Supvr. of Safety, Westing .. house Electric Corp., Lamp Div., Bloomfield, N. J.; K. R. CORNISH, Director, Re Y search ft Education, National Electrical Contractors Association, Washington, D. C.; CHARLES MacDONALD, Employers Reinsurance Corporation, Chicago, III. Special Representative--G. W. GREENWOOD, Grief of Defense Coordination, Western Electric Company, Iik., Gikngo, III. Councilors (Past Chairmen)-- E. K. TAYLOR, Safety Dir., Zenith Radio Corporation, ^Chicago, 111.; If. B. DUFFUS, Mgr., Acc. Prc. Service, Weslingliouse Electric Corpo ration, Piltshurgh, Pa.; MICHAEL F. BIANCARDI, Mgr. Health ft Safety Dept., ^.Allis-Chalmers Mfg. Company, Milwaukee, Wis. $laf Representative--GEORGE MacDONALD, National Safety Council, Chicago, HI. etrelary--J. M. TRANSUE, Security Director, Philco Corporation, Philadelphia, Pa lews Letter Committee--R. V. MILLIGAN (Chairman), Safely Engineer, Westinghoot Electric Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y ; EDWARD G. HOLTZMAN, Manager. Safety k Medical Service, Wagner Electric Corporation, St. Louis, Mo.; STUART L BEECHER, Ind. Relations Staff, Stromberg-Carison Company, Rochester, N. Y.; HAL SHANAF1ELD, Managing Editor, Electrical Dealer Magatine, Chicago, III. leseartk & Engineering Committee--MYRON L. MILLER (Chairman). Snpvr. f Safety, Wettinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, Pa.; HAROLD Dl LONG, Sales Engineer, Harvey Huhbell, Inc., Bridgeport, Conn.; E H. CURDT^ Asst. Dir. of Engineering, James G. Riddle Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; II. B. WHIT AKER, Sr. Asst Elec. Eng., Underwriters Laboratories, Chicago, HI. . temherskip Committee--JAMES A. WALDRON (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Packard Electric Div., General Motors Cnr|Mir:iiion, Warren, Ohio; JAMES M. McGOUGH, Supvr. of Safety, Union Switch k Signal Div.. of Weslingliouse Air Brake Compaq; Pittsburgh, Pa.; CLIFFORD E. RAUSCH, Master Mechanic-Safety Director, Obis Lamp Works of General Electric Company, Warren, Ohio; E. I. BOIS, Safety Dim- tor. Anaconda Wire ft Cable Company, Sycamore, III. ", rogrom Committee--F. A. GASS (Chairman), Supvr. of Safety, General Electric Com pany, Lynn. Mass.; ARTHUR J. MATHEWS, Safety Director, Sprague Electric Company, North Adams, Mass.; GEORGE KOCH, Safety Director, Western Electric Company, Kearny, N. J.; II. YOUNG, Safety Dir., Rome Cable Corporation, Roa^ NY ? ccident Analysis Committee--C. F. SCHLUETER (Chairman), Asst. Chief Engineer' Employers Mutuals, Wausau, Wis.; MACK R. KRANTZ, Safety Director, Steward tr.. 00031!) 19 18 10 Glass and Ceramics Industry The furnace continued to radiate to the steel structural and building walls. No pro vision was' made for air supply from the basement or within the work space. The monitor remained in its conventional form dependent entirely upon gravity for removal of heat and gases from the furnace itself. This represents the condition that existed until a few short years ago in most of our plants. With the application of the present knowl edge of radiant heat, we continued to use the circulating fans in the space surround ing the furnace. Added to that were several sources of forced air supply through tlie floor in the workspace. In addition fans were placed in the walls of the building to produce a positive pressure within tlie build ing walls. Radiant shielding was installed by dropping corrugated aluminum sheeting from the roof level to within three feet of the floor and an extended hood type struc ture completely surrounding the furnace or hot object To assure ourselves that posi tive flow would take place behind this shield, in some cases we liave installed power type roof ventilators commooly used in the foundry trade. The curtain or shield surrounding the fur nace served two distinct purposes. They keep the radiant energy entirely confined to a central area. The infra-red cannot escape to be absorbed by the steel ol tlie structural parts of tlie building which ill turn mig become a secondary radiant. Generated gases stay, within the structure and do not K escape into tlie work space. We are sunj that tlie temperature on the outside of thettj shields will remain within a few degrees of that of the outdoor temperature. Circulating fans remain to assure ourselves that the, air will remain uniform in temperature} throughout the work areas. ;* While tliis installation may not be a pro* found one engineeringwise, the following will illustrate an actual installation using this principle in whidi very effective results, were obtained over one very hot summer.' A light steel framework was erected entirely' around the hot furnace. Corrugated alums* mm was attached directly to this light, structure by means of a blank cartridge actuated nailing device. In tliis way we wen able to erect the entire shield in a compara tively short time. We erected the shield! to the roof lev allowing only very smalt openings lor piping,* electrical services and the necessary (true-; tural steel work. For an idea of tlie entin. structure surrounding one large heated area; within the enclosure is a continuous type lehr or annealing oven. Openings at both ends were necessary to allow tlie continuous. flow of materials. These openings were covered by a lilted hood type structure Ac cess openings along the sides of this an nealing lehr were provided with overheat garage doors constructed or corrugated aluminum. Every other bay in the roof of the building was open to the sky either through gravity type ventilators or the iwwcr type. - Officers of the GLASS AND CERAMICS SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 .General Chairman--J. C. DITTMER, National Lead Company, Brooklyn, N. Y. Vice-Chairman--THOMAS R. DONOGHUF., Pittsburgh Plate (Hass Comiwuy, Pitts burgh, Pa. {Secretary--HARRY A. JACKSON, Frigidairc Division, General Motors Corp., Dayton, y Ohio. Program Committee--Ml. V. GARDNER (Chairman), Owens-Illinois Glass Comjmny, S Toledo, Ohio; *JOIIN P. STEPHENSON, Ball Brothers Company, Mnitric, Ind.; -V *JAMES L. MORRIS, Tlie Federal Glass Company, Columbus, Ohio; `FUEL) G. ANDERSON, Corning Glass Works, Coming, N. Y. Membership Committee--THOMAS R. DONOGHUE (Chairman), I'illsliurgh Plate ;Gbss Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; RUSSELL W. FRANK, Ferro Enamel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio.; BERNARD J'. CAMPBELL, Owens-Coming Fihcrglns Corp., I Newark, Ohio; LEE B. HAWTHORNE. JR., A. I'. Green Fire Brick to. Mexico, .. Mo.; E C. HARTUNG, Westinghousc Electric Corp., Derry, Pa. News Letter Committee--*JAMES L. MORRIS (Chairman), The Federal Glass Com pany, Columbus, Ohio; JOHN B. FULLEN, Kopp Glass Incorporated, Svmsvalc, Pa.; CLINTON BALLENGER, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Gas City, Ind.; R. E. HORMUEKG, The Cambridge Tile Mfg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. Engineering and Health Commitlee--N ELSON II. INGALLS (Chairmail). The Norton Company, Worcester, Mass.; FREDERICK S. KKIGKK, Cuming Glass Works, Coming, N. Y.; W. G. HAZARD, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Tohxlo, Ohio; II. WAUGH, Anclmr Hocking Glass Corp., I^uicaster, Ohio. efety Promotion Committee--WALTER W. WOOD (Chairman), Kimble Glass Comv puny, Vineland, N. J.; A. L. THOMAS, Lihliey, Owrus, Ford, Shreveport, La.; PAUL E. GARRETT, Harding Glass Company, Ft. Smith, Ark.; J. II. GATTKELU Blue Ridge Glass Corp., Kingsport, Tcnn. ^Softly Contest Committee-- HARRY A. JACKSON (Chairman), Fiigidaire Division, General Motors Corp., Dayton, Ohio; KARL W. STEINKKAUS, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Alton, III.; R. II. LOWRY, Westinghousc Electric Corp., Derry, Pa.; 2 J. R. HARS11MAN, Armstrong Cork Co., Dunkirk, Ind. .Stag Representative--HAROLD R. ALLEY, National Safely Council, Chicago, 111. S'Pul General Chairman. sf I: ooo3;;o 11 | , i*" : --3 1 55 Industrial Hygiene I Industrial Dusts--What Every Supervisor Should Know By L. B. HAMLIN, M.D. Medical Dir., American Brake Shoe Company, Chicago, 111. Most manufacturing procedures arc capa dustrial dusts? Dust is formed by reducing ble of generating varying amounts of dust earthy materials to small sice Processes which may be visible, invisible, dangerous or like grinding, crushing, blasting, and drilling inert. It is therefore important tint these produce dust particles of sites from the sub- substances be properly classified in order microscopic to the visible. to protect the health of employees and pro Fumes are formed from combustion, sub vide safe environments in which tliey may limation and condensation. Those from carry on their daily occupation! burning or melting lead or tine are typical Obviously the supervisor should liave examples. The size of tlie particles is gen some knowledge of industrial dusts since erally below one micron. (A micron is the responsibility for enforcing measures in l/25,0OOtli of an inch.) stituted for their control usually falls upon Smoke is usually of organic origin from his slioulder! Unless he has a good idea such things as burning tobacco, wood, oil or of tlie actual risks confronting him; lie will cc.d. The particle sire is usually below a be at a disadvantage in securing cooperation half micron. from lltose under Ins direction. Ability to Mists or fogs are formed by condensation answer questions concerning plant Imtards ol water vapor and the particle or droplet in a convincing matter is a very important factor in any dust control program, and if the supervisor cannot explain the necessity of avoiding exposure to toxic materials llac worker under his charge is very unlikely to pay attention to it. size varies widely. The most important item to the super visor is the realization that he may lie deal ing with a dust which ran produce bodily harm. His first consideration should be "How is tlie man himself affected? Is the <1 On the other hand, a brief explanation dust present in sufficient amounts in the air that carries the ring of sincerity and truth to be a source of danger? Does it exist in can frequently correct unnecessary mis the pure slate or is it mixed with other understanding. For example, a capable dusts? What Is the actual count of particles young employee was worried about con per cubic foot of air, and wlut percentage tracting silicosis because he worked in a of tltcsc is of respirable size (below 10 plant where at limes there appeared to be microns and especially those below three considerable dust in the atmosphere. He did microns ? I low long does it take to- develop not know that this dust was free from occupational disease of die lungs from ex K silica or oilier harmful ingredient, but his posure to dust ?" foreman did. All this may appear to be outside the Knowledge of his own department enabled scope of tlie supervisor's activities since the supervisor to convince the workman after all his job is concerned primarily with that not only was the dust inert but also production. However, most industries place plans were under way for the installation the responsibility for carrying out safety of new ventilating equipment which would measures on the foreman and it is apparent remove the particles that were already pres that his department will suffer If these are ent. The man was satisfied and the com not properly enforced. Safety therefore in 000331 pany was able to retain the services of a cludes precautions against occupational dis good employee. . ease as well as accidents so that some knowl 41 What then are some of the fundamental edge of methods for controlling exposure things a supervisor should know about in from dangerous dusts, toxic fumes or other 56 Industrial Softly harmful materials is a proper part of the supervisor's armament It is not advocated that his duties be so expanded as to encroach upon the field of the heavy metals like lead, mercury, and manganese can be highly toxic and poisoning from these substances has been recognised for many years. the industrial hygienist but it is reasonable and logical to suggest that he equip himself with the essential details concerning occu pational risks in the department he man ages. This information can be readily obtained from hit company medical de partment or through other agencies such as the Division of Public Health of state and federal governments. These bureaus wel come inquiry of this type and their services ire usually available without charge Recently serious and even fatal illness has been found to occur from exposure to beryllium and some of its compounds while another occupational condition known as "Shaver's Disease" has produced severe dam age to the lungs of workers exposed to fumes arising from the fusing of bauxite, the chief ore of aluminum, in the manufac ture of artificial abrasives. Generally speaking, the particle site which Much confusion and misunderstanding exists about the capacity of various dusts arising from occupational procedures to cause physical disability. Exaggerated re ports and misrepresentation by individuals unfamiliar with their specific properties have incriminated certain materials known to be quite inactive and absolved others proven to possess harmful qualities. Expe rience accumulated through years of inten sive study and research indicates that the great majority of industrial dusts have little effect on health other than their is most dangerous is in the range of one-half to three microns in diameter. Particles larger than these seldom reach the alveoli or terminal air taces of the lungs since they are filtered out by the "cilia" or natural protective mechanism of (lie nose, throat, and large bronchi There is also good evi dence that particles below one-half micron in rise may be retained in the lungs in suffi cient quantities to result In disease. This means that the visible dust in a working place may not be as dangerous as Uie par ticles which are not seen by the naked eye. nuisance value and contribution toward poor Industrial hygienists emphasise this and housekeeping. also point out tliat although (lie amount of However, the fact that they are unlikely to cause occupational desease should not be used as an excuse to do nothing about them. A good working environment demands that they be removed in spite of their in nocuous characteristics and (he smart super visor will do all he can to accomplish their elimination. The wide assortment of dusts met with in industry makes their classification info "harmful" and "inert" categories difficult. Those arising from organic sources such as animat and vegetable products as a rule do not cause serious harm but are capable visible dust in the atmosphere in lltc vicinity of a certain job appears great, it docs not necessarily mean that lltc workman is in haling significant quantities of harmful par ticles. The exposure may be intermittent and of brief duration, or the air at the breathing level of the employee may be sufficiently dear that no undue risk is in volved. With the exception of beryllium and bauxite few of the aforementioned dusts cause damage to lung tissue and, as ex plained previously, not every person so exposed docs develop occupational disease. of producing local irritation like dermatitis At the present time it is generally agreed or skin rashes, dental conditions, and in that the most important sources of indus flammation of the eyes and the mucous mem trial disease of the lungs are free or un brane lining of the upper air passages. combined silica and asbestos. Silica or The majority of harmful dusts encountered in manufacturing processes are inorganic in character. The specific effect on health varies. Chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and their compounds produce local irritation as silicon dioxide which makes up approxi mately 60 per cent of the rocks and minerals of the earth's crust, is the specific cause of the ailment affecting the lungs of workers in dusty trades, known as silicosis. do the organic dusts but they can also cause general intoxication if present in sufficient amounts The dusts or fumes derived from It is very important to recognize (lie fact that this widely known condition cannot be acquired from any material other than Industrial H 0003?:? - si- free silica and also that it happens only when particles smaller Ilian ten microns in size of this mineral have beat inliatcd over long periods of time, such as from two to 25 years with an average of ten years. The term "free silica" usually means quarts of which there are many varieties. Tlicre are also other forms of free silica. The scarring or fibrosis of the lungs which results from the action of imeombined silica casts characteristic nodular shadows in the chest roentgenograms of those af fected. Frequently this is tlte only way tfte disease can be delected as it causes no symptoms in the early, uncomplicated stage. Other dusts may produce x-ray patterns which are difficult to differentiate from sili cosis and some unrelated illnesses may re semble it closely. The x-ray picture ob served after llte inhalation of iron oxide particles among some welders and grinders shows densities which are all too often mistaken for those seen in silicosis. Since this condition (sidcrosis) is harmless, the implications of such misdiagnosis are ob vious. Unfamiliarity with industrial diseases of the lungs by tliosc charged with evaluating them properly has resulted in employees In coming needlessly alarmed, forsaking their jobs and forfeiting seniority while industry has lost good workmen and production. It mw . unjust claims for disability, itj^n of <his $0rt tko s(i|er$ji# with the rest sioce lris tic- K.hd td be kfftefed^bjutiigie conditions. To attempt to tell the supervisor all he sltould know about the extensive subject of industrial dusts is an impossible assignment. Suffice it to say that tlie more lie learns about them through fiis own volition, the better his qualifications for his job will be. Through such enterprise lie will enter a new field of endeavor and discover a fascinating experience which will pay dividends both to himself and his company. The complexity of problems which con front the director of any department in today's exacting requirements presents a formidable challenge to Ids resources, and this, along with the working man's reason able insistence on a better place to work, demonstrates (hat a knowledge of industrial hygiene may well lie a most important factor in the efficient discharge of his duties. The l>cst treatment of any disease associ ated with industry is not to let it happen in the first place. The problem is for engi neers rather Ilian physicians, but, regardless of the one on whom the burden falls, the final outcome dc|ictids upon the interest and efficiency of the man who manages a dcpailiiM'iil. Occupational Dermatitis; Teamwork in Engineering and Medical Control By WALTER F. SCHOLTZ Supvr, Industrial Hygiene, Allls-Chalmers Mfg. Co., Weal Allis, Wis. We have accepted llic challenge that occu pational dcniiaiilis presents to Industrial medicine, and accordingly it can be stated tliat with proper care and intensive educa tional programs, occupational dermatitis can be checked and great savings effected. Through the institution and maintenance of control measures workmen can be pro tected against dermatitis producing oils, chemicals, etc. The ideal control measures will protect workmen all along the line-- from the manufacturing of the basic mate rials to (he completed fabricated part. Modern industry today is becoming so co.'iiiranl of the licncfils of good preventive measures that Ibcy arc not only relying on (Ik worker alone, but arc seeking the team work of everyone concerned. Since lire proof of (lie pudding is in the eating, 1 would like to slate what lias Ik-cm done through a concentrated program of occupational dermatitis control ami preven tion which started in 19*13 at (he West Allis woiks of onr company. This conrculiatcd program has resulted in a 71 |*cr cent ilccrcasc and a reduction limn 103 to 2.7 in flic number of cases per iniilion ifiardrotrrs of exposure. 24 Maritime Industries Officers of tint 000323 The Evolution ol Safety By CAPTAIN EDWARD C. HOLDEN, JR. Vice Pres., United States Protection A Indemnity Agency, Inc., New York, N. Y. ma iijiiiijjl NATIONAL SAFETY^COUNCIL It'iTMD There was a time wlien, in (lie minds of many, the science of safely was the sub ject of derision and mockery, a tune when it stood as a sort of fringe of disconnected mysteries bordering upon tlie black arts, a dangerous sort of tiling capable of looking with equanimity upon the evils which lay on one side of it and with a hopeful and benign expression upon the conventionali ties of life on the other. Accidents were often considered to lie acts of God and to take care was a violation of one's trust in God. In any event, in many circles, it was not polite or politic to speak frankly about safety, of human slaughter or tlte barbarities of accidents resulting in death or permanent disability, of human suffering and all the oilier attributes of such cases. The human tendency was to "soft-pedal" talks about safety ami the acci dent problem. So, tlie whole safety move ment was looked upon with a huge questionmark. A consistent "do-nothing" altitude prevailed in so many instances that the fre quency and severity of accidents continued to increase at an alarming rate and liecainc an economic burden. Undaunted, a pioneering spirit prevailed in the regions ol scientific safely inquiry. Although the voice of the safely advocate was all hut lost in the wilderness, neverthe less his work continued in the firm Itelief that tlie man wlm dares to do something worth-while will ultimately gain a (nlluwmg. As the fruits of accident prevention be came more and more evident, it gradually developed to a stage where it could lie re garded, at least, as respectable; and, the main criticisms of it concerned its so-called 'impracticability. Some executives said: "Safety will cost too much." Others said: "Safety is a fandangle idea, it wilt not work." And still others remarked: "Wc don't want these safety people telling ns liow to run our jobs, or business, etc., etc." This was the Age of Adolescence of the science of safely. Then came the Period of Maturity, when tlie science of safety, feeling the strength of its wings, could no longer harbor itself within tlie cloister, but came out into tk open and made the affairs of men its conI?General Chairman--FREDERICK R. PRATT, Gen. Mgr., Marine Transp. Dept., Socony- cern. Ifp, Vacuum Oil Co.. New York, N. Y. Tlie Age of Utilitarianism in tlw sciena of safety was upon us. More and tnortKErrcx/h* General CAmVfmin-CAI'T. GEORGE WAUCHOPE, Exec. Vice-Pres. Farrell tlie conservation of men's lives was doneIf Lines. New York, N. Y. by tlie product of man's intellect in thr processes of management rather than by ^Vice General Chairman (Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing)--JOHN G. PEW, JR., Vice- resorting to Hie caprice of superstition aid Pres., Sun ShipNiilding A Dry Dock Co., Chester, Pa. the vagary of the mystic charm, "Lads latch." --Vice General Chairmen (Atlantic Area)--WALTER M. WELLS, Pres., Isthmian S S. Co., Tlie science of safely now stands ready lift New York, N. Y.; F. M. UOIIRER, Vice-Pres., Grace Line. New York, N. Y. a willing servant, to reduce ihe uncertaiaties of life to the ultimate minimum who Fire General Chairman (Gulf Area)--E. A. JIMISON, Vice-Pres., I.ykcs Bros Steamship we. Iter masters, direct her efforts and uti > Co., Inc., New Orleans, La. lize .the skill which is within her. As I have sat from lime to lime gatherings of executives who arc interested in safely, such as this meeting of tlie ma Fire General Chairmen (Pacific Area)--RANDOLPH SEVIER, Pres., Matson Navigation ; ' Co., San Francisco, Calif.; A. F- KIIIN, Mgr., Marine Dept., Standard Oil Co. of Cal., . San Francisco, Cal. rine industries, 1 have liern impressed wift an ever growing feeling of cooperation aid mutual understanding looking toward Ik solution of accident problems. You dciiM* Fire General Chairmen (Great Lakes Aren) -- \VM R MACDONALD. Chuum-I, llntchin son A Co., Cleveland, Ohio; DAVID L. HUfllAKAN, Ind ltd Mgr, l'iUd*b S.S. Co , Cleveland, Ohio. strale that no human progress can be madr Fire General Chairmen (Passenger & Cargo Services)-- HARRY X. KELLY, Exec. unless wc remain critical of defects, alert as to practical needs and fertile m mud . Vice-Pres., Mississippi Shipping Co., New Orleans La.; CAPT. IONICS F. DEVLIN, and thought for possible improvements. Tk_. JR, Gen. Mgr., United Stales Lilies, New York, N. Y. lime worn doctrine of "laissez-faire" can Mn Fire General Chairmen (Tankers)--ERWIN O, PERKINS, Asst. Gen. Manager, Marine longer lie accepted if business is to survive the perils and costs of accidents. ; Dept., The Texas Co.. New York. N. Y.; CHRISTOPHER STORY, Vice-Pres., Cities Service Oil Co., New York, N. Y. The entire mariuc industry owes a pe culiar debt to you leaders within the indus try who have recognized that safely has brought increased cflidcncy in operations You have rnntrilxilcd initcli to the conser Fire General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conventions)-- . VICK-ADM. MERLIN O'NEILL. USCG, C.... It, U. S. Coast Guard. Washing- ton, D. C. vation of niaii|mwrr which is all important Fire General Chaiinian tCootilituiliim--Government mul Marine Industry)--VICE-ADM. during tliesc crilcal days of national emer | . EDWARD L. COCHRANE, USN (Ret.), Maritime Administrator, U. S. Dcpl. of gency. ? Commerce, Washington, D. C. We know that you will not relax in your safety activities. To tlie contrary, we an \y\Advisory Committee (Past General Chairmen)--\Ailiill R. SANEORI), President, Ship- convinced that you will increase Ihe temp !+' of your elTorls to meet new, challenging conditions. Tlie greatest challenge of all is to prevent human failure in shipyards id in ship operations. This calls for continued ami more intensive training programs. By your safely endeavors, you will kxg he remembered with profound gratitude by all who go down to the sea in ships as wri as by those who helped to build the ships builders Council nf America, New York, N. Y.; LOUIS It. PATE, Vice-Pres., Seas Shipping Co. (Robin Line), New York. N. Y ; COM ROBERT C. LEE, Excc. VicePres., Muorc-McCormack Lines, New York, N. Y.; WILLARD l\ JONES, Vice-Pres., Gulf Oil Corp., New York, N. Y.; CARTER KENDALL, Chief Safely Eng, UelliIclicm Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa.; ('ARI. E. HOLMES, Mgr., Claims Dcpl., Marsh ft McLennan, Inc., New York, N. Y.; CAPT. EDWARD C. HOLDEN, JR., Vice President, United Slates P. A I. Agency, New York, N. Y.; CAPT. E. W. FISKE. JR., Mgr., Ojcraling Div., Marine Transp. Dcpl., Socony-Vaciium Oil Co., New York, N, Y.; CAPT. FRANK II. LOGAN, Supl., Marine l.kpt., The Delaware, Lacka- 25 wanna & Western R. R. Co., Motokcn, N. J.; ARTHUR M. TODE, Consulting Eng., Assistonf Chairman, Great Lakes Region--Toning--j. B. GARBUTT, Mgr, Ins. Dept, New York, N. Y. Great Lakes Towing Co, Cleveland, Ohio. Chairman, Nominating Committee--WILLARD F. JONES, Vice-Pres, Gulf Oil Corp, New York, N. Y. Secretary (Admiralty and Maritime Counselor)--HENRY C. EIDENOACH, Hagen, Senecal & Eidenbach, New York, N. Y. Director, Inland Waterways, Operations and Shipbuilding--CHESTER C. THOMPSON, ' Pres, The American Waterways Operators, Inc, Washington, D. C. Assistant General Chairman (Programs, Conventions Sr Meetings)--H. M. WICK, Asst, to the Pres, American Bureau of Shipping, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Membership)--CAPT. E. W. F1SKE, JR., Mgr., Operating Div, Marine Trans. De|>t., Socony-Vactnim Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Special Service Committees Chairman, Committee for the Advancement of Safely in the American Merchant Marine-- FRANK J. TAYLOR, Pres, American Merchant Marine Institute, Inc, New York'i N. Y. dsttrtoHl General CkatVmon (Cargo Vessels)--L. H. QUACKENBUSH, Mgr., Husband* iiig Dept, Stales Marine Corp. of Pd, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairtnan (Petroleum and Tank Vessels)--HRANK W. MILLER, Asst. Mgr, Operations Div., Esso Shipping Co, New York, N. Y. Cta*nn<M, Ship Owners Associations Committee--GEORGE W. MORGAN, Pres, Assn. of American Ship Owners, New York, N. Y, Chairman, Statistics and Contests Committee--CAPT. II. R. ROSENGREN, Dir. of f Safety and Cargo Damage Prevention, Moore-McConuack Lines, New York, N. Y. Assistant General Cfutruum (Stevedoring)--JOHN W. McGRATll, Pres, National Assn, of Stevedores, and Pres, John-W. McGrath Corp, New York, N. Y> Director, Public Relations and Publicity--FRANK BRAYNARD, Dir, Bureau of Infor* mation, American Merchant Marine Inst, New York, N. Y. ' Assistant Chairmen, Shipbuilding and Ship Repair Committee--CARTER KENDALI, Chief Safely Eng, Bethlelicni Steel Co, Bethlehem, Pa.; HERMAN /. NORD- '. STROM, Safety Eng,' Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co, Newport News, j! Va.; I. C. YATES, Dir. of Safety, Alabama Drydock A Shipbuilding Co, Mobile, Ala. Director,' Maritime Associations--Safety Cooperation and Attendance--R. J. BAKER, ; Chairman, Engineering and Minimum Standards Committee--CAPT. R. A. SMYTH, Secretary*Treas, American Merchant Marine Inst, New York ,N. Y. r USCG, Chief, Merchant Marine Technical Div, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington. D. C. Directors, Safety Information and Pasters--CAPT. K. E. MACKEY, Asst. Mgr, Oper [ Special Maritime Advisor (Marine Engineering)--II. L. SEWARD, Professor Emeritus, ations Div, Marine Dept, The Texas Co, New York, N. Y.; HAROLD J. SEGRAVE, j Yale University, School of Engineering, New Haven, Conn. District Manager, Mine Safety Appliances Co, Long Island City, N. Y. Editor, Marine News Letter--S. B. PARSELL, Marine Dept-, Socony-Vacuum Oil Co, New York. N. Y. Regional Activities and Committees Special Government Committees for Safety in National Defense ` Chairman, Safety Policies for Regulations and Ship Inspections--REAR ADM. IIALERT G SIIEPIlEARD, USCG, Chairman, Merchant Marine Council, and Chief, Office of Merchant Marine Safety, U. S. Coast Guard, Was.Vngton, D. C. Assistant to Pice General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International Safety Conven tion-Coordination)--REAR ADM. J. A. I1IKSIIFIELD, USCG. Dir. of Personnel, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. .'tiJirfonf Choirman, Atlantic Region--Tanker Operations--CAPT. WILLIAM G. AN DERSON, Mgr. of Operations, Marine Div, Tlic Atlantic Refining Co, Philadelphia, Pa. Assistant Chairmen, Gulf Region--Ships and Stevedoring--CAVT. RALPH L. MOCK, Supvr, Accident Prevention, Lykcs Bros. S.S. Co, New Orleans, La.; EARLE SMITH, Safety Dir, Waterman S.S. Co, Mobile, Ala. Assistant Chairmen, Pacific Region--Ships and Stevedoring--JOSEPH II. TRAVERS, Mgr, Ace. Pre. Bureau, Pacific Maritime Assn, San Francisco, Cal.; HARRY E AVERY, Safely Engineer, Matson Navigation Co, San Francisco, Calif. Chairman, Safety Committee for Accident Causes and Cost Experience--EDWARD P. MERGES, Safely Supvr, Federal and Maritime Safely Section, Bureau of l~ilx>r Standards, U. S. Dept, of Labor, Washington, D. C. Chairmen, Nova! Committee for Safety in National Defense Organisations -- CAPT. HARRY W. BAUMER (CEC), USN, Dir, Safely Div, Office of tnd. ltd. Navy Dept, Washington, D. C. Chairman, U. S. Navy Yards Safely Committee--LT. COMDR. G. D. McCAULEY, Jfead, Safety Section, (Code 285), Ind. Rel. Brandi, Bureau of Ships, Navy Dept, Washington, D. C. * Staff Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National pouncih-ChiqgtvIU. Assistant Chairman, Southern California Region--Ports and Terminals--REAR ADM. FRANK D. H1GBEE, USCG (Ret.), Warden of the Port of Los Angeles, Saa Pedro, Cal. 0- 0002:24 Assistant Choirman, Great Lakes Region--Hulk Carriers--WM. ECKERT, Mgr, Safety Dept, lnlerlake S.S. Co, Cleveland, Ohio. ;4 26 18 Metals Industry f safely hi sleel warehousing where I lie va riety of sices, types, grades and fiuislics of llic steel carried in regular inventory is par- tirnlarly great. I'robletn number four was the employee's mental altitude in relation to the work |ltern of tlie industry. 1'lie high degret of llcxibilily in daily job assignments,, bciouMK* aliont a constant change in duties sum fin* trial environment, demands a general safety knowledge of Use ware!louse operation. This is dinicnlt to establish except through tip* ticiKe gained during an extended employ-, men! period. The Use of Wetting Agents to Control Dust in Industries By G. A. MAU Vice Pres., Johnson March Corp., Philadelphia, Pa. Within the past two decades chemists have developed materials with projrerties similar to soap but without the limitations, resulting in a large number of compounds with re markable physical properties- Tlie betiavior of these materials lias suggested their use in a wide variety of industrial fields. These materials are known as Surface Active Agents since their primary effect is at the boundaries or surfaces between two pluses. Reduction of intcrfacial tension, lowering ol surface tension, increase of welting power, dellocculation and emulsification are some of the results 9! tins activity. The synthetic surface active agents first came into use in this country alnut 193Q. In tire few years since their introduction, they have lieciane numerous and varied, and have found many uses in diverse fields. The surface active agents can be subdivided into five groups. Wetting agents, penetrating agents, dispersing agents, emulsifying agents and foaming agents. Reference will be directed particularly to the first and second groups. Namely, wet ting agents; producing increased wetting or spreading of an aeqeous solution or suspen sion over a repellent surface and the sec ond groups penetrating agents, providing more rapid passage of a liquid into a irorous olid. With the above brief discussion on sur face active agents, or as 1 will refer to them from now on as wetting agents or compound, I intend to discuss the use of wetting agents to control dust in industry and particularly, the foundry. 1 like the popular definition of a weltiai agent, which merely states tliat a weltiai agent added to water makes it welter. Pa-* haps, we should slate for site purpose of' keeping the clmnical terminology straight, , that a wetting agent is a material whtdv when added to water, or to any other liquid will cause considerable reduction in surface tension. Safely and health have been bene* fitted by the use of welting compounds many industries. Safely--in providing bet ter visibility around plant and equipment, health by preventing tlie absorption or in halation of dust. Dusts, whellicr toxic of not, are harmful and an attempt to group dusts under the Itendings "active" aitd "inert" (with refer ence to effect on health) has proved unsat isfactory. Investigations have proven that practically all dusts may be harmful if breathed in large amounts over long periods. In this country, dust diseases usually des ignated as "silicosis" is more or less common among workers in the mining, grinding granite and foundry industries. According to Lanza and Vane, tlie estimated number of men exposed to Silica-Bearing Dust ia various industries are as follows: Proem PeicrtttSRe of Number All Employe* tiponj Slctal mining ..................................... 100 Anthracite coat mining .................... 20 Quaurmg of granite, ganiilcr, tJftJnonc, <t(.....................................100 Stitching t refining ........................... 100 Foundry woiktll .......................... 100 Putlcrie*. glan voiks.none product* X) Grinder*, pudcri. aand Nader*. oitreou* cn,meter* ........................ Enimaled total for mining, quarry ing aad manufacturing mduMria. S2.MS M.W 72,m ts.m 200,001 IS,IN u.eat fH.ea f til 000325 The Use of IVeiling Agents to [Diuf hi Industries ':'ttf -la addition to these there arc "lliousaiMls if workers who have been exposed to silica dnt tit these various occupation* and are engaged in other forms of work." in order (lint we may Itellcr understand it purpose of this discussion on wetting Wf. idieuomcnmi In basically qif jij-.--Tujdijf TST upon the solid Ircfotc welting'can occur. A liquid will spread tm a solid if the surface tension of the latter is greater than the sum of the iiilcrfacial tension 1>cl\vt*en tlie solid and liquid :md the surface perils for dust control it will be necessary Is discuss the dangerous dust jiarticle sire md (lie wetting effect of raw water comMtd to wet water with tlie proper surface tension and group combination. -.'Mot all of tlie particles of inhaled dust 'pin access or are retained by the hinitan .bugs. For these reasons, tlie site of tlie but present in the industrial atmosphere tension of the liquid. Therefore, lire welling pmir of a liquid increase* with a rlccrcasc hi its surface ten sion Mart)- dusts are wetted only with great difficulty lievanse of the presence nf aunllicr film already ahsorlwd on the surface. This film might k adsorped air, winch occurs in a dust clotrd. Then welting will not take place unless tlie spreading force of the liquid jbould be determined. is great enough to drive off the air layer. Investigations have proven that particles greater than 10 microns in longest dimenfioa are very seldom found in the lungs, mi that the particle site found most com ;moult in lungs were three to five microns. .Due to gravity which causes rapid settling 'f suspensions and due to the protective A welting agent or compound of surface active agent groups will in most cases fur nish the spreading force of the liquid to drive off the air layer and wet the dust. Tim** will not jH'nnil a discussion of other than the high points of dust control in the action of the mucous surfaces of tlie upper foundry industry. respiratory tract, the larger particles do not Alxmt three years ago, f wa< handed penetrate to the terminal portions of the some foundry d..st that ten* rollerled around lungs. the iinillrr. ami asked whether it could l*e Therefore, it is obvious that atieulioii welled with a welling agent Much to my should lie given chiefly to tlrosc particle* surprise, it was a combiiMlion of foundry : vhirh arc less than 10 microns in longest dusts that did not respond to water or any dimension and ivhicli ran enter the lungs. This group jmrlidt size is very difficult J..to vet, and requires not only a low surface "1 tendon liquid but a fine atomizing spray msttk. |>is| control by wetting depends tot its (ifectivencs* iqmii tlie fact that, mkc the dust has liecn trapped in water or some single lv|H' of group of writing agents known at that time. Wc fmally found a compound of surfare active agent* fhaf would actively wet this dust. Dust* <KMt lo wet can )*c welled if the pro|ter wetting c<mu|m>uihI is used and the application cor rect. One without the other will uni work. ' utber liquid, tlie partirlrs are not easily dis So far wc have touched on a discussion perse*) again in the air, until proper disposal of the types of wetting agents, that a liquid bs been made. Dust control by wet mrthoils is attractive frwu the sl:md|Niinl of cost lull has not been Wdy successful in certain industries with taw water. Many articles have been writ ' ton quoting not too good results in such with low surface tension is lest for welling, providing the dust and liquid air compatible, that the si/e dust |arlirlc wc should I* most interested in is three, to five micron* or generally particle size less than 10 microns. This size eixiqsirc* to fog pailirlc applications as grinding wheels, rock drilling, ri zcs. ' owing, etc. The efficiency of wet dust control is tie- Dust control with water is belter than no |cn<fen( U|x>ti the degree to *.hich the parti vetting al all, but would not reduce the cle* are welled. Jmporl;ml . irlors that de- dust count sufficiently to l*c sale, and in the Icnniiie wettability or dusts arc the proper case of some dusts, could imt be wetted at welling compound and the application of the ' all, especially lire sizes 10 microns or less proper partirle sire spray solution with noz . To obtain IxMer welting, experimentation i ltd to the use of wetting agents. zle- dc-tened lot tie appli'-a'i'-u and spray pr**`o:ce4 *o create | v-pec j rv droplet riz* ... i , ' 20 Metals Industry The Administration 00032(1 Another big factor for efficient wet dust control is the selection of proper type rrozlies. It is common practice to employ "a nozzle" whether a solid or Itoltow cone or flat sltect spray. No matter how efficient llic wetting compound may be, if the proper nozzle with proper spray pattern and angle are not at the right location, results can not be obtained. Tlie melliods usually employed to oirfain fine atomization are high pump pressures, liquid with air misting nozzles and very low capacity nozzles. High pressures arc not desirable for dust wetting. Tlie high pressure spray causes tlie dust to disperse beyond Use s|tray area. Liquid air misting nozzles are very satis factory for spraying areas 10-20 ft. from the nozzles. A very fine fog or mist sprav can be obtained with these nozzles provided sufficient noziles are used for the spray pattern. These nozzles are recommended for top spraying of shakeouts, sand comlitinuiiig, crane shakeout, etc. - low capacity nozzles can lm ground and used oil medium pressures (40-70 psi) to obtain fine particle atomization, for close proximity dust concentrations near equip ment or conveyor transfer points, etc. Tlrese nozzles are now available in capacities of 2 lo 24 gallons jr liour. Most wetting agents arc shipped in con centrated form ami require dilution when used for spraying. Efficient, durable, auto matic proportioning equipment is required for successful wet dust control. I'ropnrtioners meeting these conditions over a pe riod of years are mow available. Wetting Compounds are of great benefit to foundries, not only for dust rmtlrol hut for such things as fire fighting, core knock out, cleaning castings, core wash, recondi tioning the moulding sand, cupola smoke control, sand tempering, etc. Dust control at crane and marhinc shake outs, mullers, floors, sand conditioning, grinding and cleaning departments are the areas where foundries have proven welling compounds very sncrcssful. The application of welling compounds on foundry floors or walks, prevents dust aris ing wlien rolling eqiii|wucut nr ntett travel over them. It keeps the floating dust parti cles from becoming airlmrnc. For general use, where tlie sand is accumulating over large areas and is not regularly remotti i wetting compounds are infinitely more ef fective than spraying with water. Plain water wets the surfaces of the flog sand, causing mud. or may run to tower levels causing puddles and excess surf moisture in spots.. Because very little penetration takes air currents absorb the moisture r " allowing (he sand to dry and become shortly after (be water application. Wlien applying wetting compounds lo floor a flat cutting spray nozzle has found most effective. Wetting compounds permit the wetting floors in the melting and pouring areasr cause of quick deep penetration of the hire in the sand and much less posdbXt^ that sand near tlie surface will be enough to cause spattering of metal. Pe Iratinn with water is difficult and evaporatu. quickly. $ Crane shake out of castings usually volve large areas in the main Irays of Mg foundries. While the shakeout periods migll lie confined to night or early morning boon, when few employees are in the area, watf of the foundry becomes contaminated airborne dust that is easily vibrated teeu from the building structure and eqiupncU when tlie Cull force of workmen are d. work. A fine atomized solid cone spray ap plied from mizzles attached lo (he era* liridgc over the shakeout area has been Mil successfully at a foundry. At another foundry, a special portiUt stand was built with the log air nnslsg' mizzles, which, is placed in a position d oposite sides of the working which tm^l lie 25 feet or more in diameter. This t|P nozzle is also used for spraying over shakeout table. Tlie fog air misting nozzle is used a* ccssfully lo supplement exhaust systems shakeout machines. If lire table is large ad (lie dust is not liciitg properly exhaust^, the air fog misting mizzle has success!^ controlled the dust in areas not exhaust*! It might be over the ends of extra big- work extending over the table, or due h, sand not leaving luidrrncalli the shakaM fast enough. The. amount of dust produced by sd cittidilioiiing equipment is influenced br by wltcllier tlie sand is handled dry or Tlie sand should lie moistened with weftafj compounds to eliminate dust Iwforc proc essing. Wherever sand is thrown from condition*hg machines, direct pressure nozzles with capacities considerably larger Ilian the aver"sge dust nozzles are recommended. This .nozzle must have a fine atomized spray hccznse wetting of tlie sand is necessary to properly control the atmospheric dust. Dc.ptadent ii|mmi liin ca|iacity, we also rccom,mend for large bins air fog misting nozzles `over the storage area to control the dust sad to revive the treatment in the event tlie Sind stands long enough lo become dry and 'dusty. Welling compounds are Iicing successfully med to control dust arising during skip at land loading of muller operations, which are not exhausted. Small capacity nozzles Mounted over the muller bowl will wet the floating dust particles with very little or <bcontrolled moisture. If Icnqicring of sand required, (lie wetting agent is introduced in (be water line. Core knockouts may produce even greater jitlhigss' titail shakeouf*.'Jwit- __________ shwll. irKftitly shaped castings dis|tcrscs enormous amounts of dust. Wetting compounds nrc effective in softening cores, making them dustless and much easier lo remove front tlie eastings. There are many other applications for wetting compounds lo control foundry ihwl, ami there arc certainly many more uses, such as IcmiK-ring ami penetrating agents. The few applications mentioned arc merely to show the possibilities. 1 trust I have explained: I. The purpose of wetting agents, that practically any dust can be controlled with the proper wetting compound. 2. That dust particle sizes of three to five microtis or sizes less than 10 microns require low surface tension liquids compatible with (fie dust. 3. That a wetting compound must be atomized lo fine micron size droplets for dust control. 4. That cor rect nuzzles for tempering and general wel ling, ami fool-proof equipment arc neces sary, automatic proportioning and nozzle .ootrol to make net dust control a success. The Administration of Safety Programs ft: By A. C. BECKSTEAU Dir., Safety and Technical Employment, American Smelting and Refining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah .- In order In pro|ierly administer a safely program, it is first necessary to establish tlie proper organization. This organization must 'lave tlie sHpimrl of all individuals hi the 'company from the chairman of (lie hoard .! aad president lo the newest |>ay roll emfbyee. 4 Second, a definite safely |x>licy must he formulated by all levels of management in sconjunction with all meniliers of the safety `{organization. This jmlicy should lie flexible -enough lo meet changing conditions ami > emergencies without causing confusion or Izoiible. i" Third, it is necessary (hat the importance md proper cnqifiasis lo safely I* recognized ,h)f all levels uf iHauagemeut and by every enpkiyec in the ciHii|Kmy imlmliug em ployees just living hired. Fourth, a definite follow-up and cluck 'tystem tbrough reports and on-the-spot in- s|(rrlions should l<e conducted constantly l follow the progress of the safely piogiam ami lo prevent bid practices from develop ing and eiilaiging. individual plaid safely dc|Girlrmii(s must Ire prnvidcil with trained personnel ami provided with tlie authority ami vqiiipnn-ul to do the job expreled. The lolhmiug onllim-s the organization for the administration uf a safely program as it is presently set up in the American Smelling ami tiefiniug Owqrauy. Herr, safely is recognized with the same impor tance as production hv all levels of manage ment. The committer on safety and technical coqdnymcrit is composed of tlie lop rxenitires of the company imlmliug the chairman of the Ixmrd, (lie pit-sidcol, tlie iqwrating vice presidents, ami representatives from the financial ami legal departments. T he dircc- 36 Metals Industry Officers of the 000327 served solely for engineers, rather, we Jo mean that people engaged in safety work must he able to analyse, to judge, and In decide. Mr. Ward, will you discuss this matter of analysis? ' Me. Ward: Often, accidents seem to stem from uncontrollable factors, and tlie appar ent cause Is that the accident was due to a liarard inherent to that peculiar job or oc cupation. accident. Accident investigation lias m value, whatsoever, if it does'lioc sficceed h developing 9 safer mclliod of doing the job METAL JH1 ION on which tlie accident occurred. Tims, we have completed three points a NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 our accident analysis program. We hair l-o--o--k- .e.d. .a.t tlie MapiipMairceinut ccaauussee;; wwee' Hhaawwvt' searched out tlte real cause; and we hawl^pmrra/ Chairman--HOWARD HHOOLLLLAANNDI , Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown established, and set up our objective. Bu|& Sheet & Tube Company, East Chicago, Ind. the full accident analysis, as we se#e it, _>R* > How, in safety work, such identification is not sufficient. Since we are interested in the elimination of unsafe ads and unsafe condition!, we must go further. We must seek out the real cause of the accident. This can best be done by the application of logic. We must take wliat we have learned of the real cause and set up our objective--the correction of the factors which caused tlie made up of four points. We must estab lish responsibility; not necessarily respondhility for tlie accident that has already hap irit l/ice-Chuinmin--H. S. SIMPSON, Safely Engineer, Caterpillar Tractor Com|wny 5 Peoria, III. pened, but rather, responsibility for Ik ^Second Vice-Chairman--J. ). NOLAN, Safely Engineer, Bethlehem Steel Cmnjauy, Beth- correction of Hie conditions lltat caused (hr leliem, Pa. accident. We've all heard Site old proverk "Something that is everybody's responsibil ^Sttrelary--A. II. ZEILINGER, Safety linginccr, The Colornk> Fuel A Iron Cor|K>ra- ity it*nobody's responsibility" It never haf tion, Pueblo, Colo. a better application than it has in accideW prevention. ' tews Letter Editor--W. H. W...ILSON, Safely Director, Amhridgc Plant, American Bridge Company, Ambridgc, Pa. iNeWs Letter Co-Editor--W. .1. M. REDWOOD, Safeiy Su|*crvisr. Industrial Relations Department, Algoma Steel Corporation, Ltd., Sanil Sic. Marie, Ontario. Canada. fConsutlimj Committee--*R. L. KIDINGEK (Chairman), Direrlor of Sssfety A Plant Pro tection, Inland Steel Company, East Chicago, Ind.; .1. L. MacKENZIK, Sti|>crvisor of Safely, South Works, United Slates Steel Company, Chicago, III.; .1. W. TYSSE, Safety Supervisor, Cliicago District. Kcpiddic Steel Com|auy, Chicago, III. ' Contest and Statistics Committee--E. J. LANGLAND (Chairman), Safely Director, Great [ Lakes Steel Corporation, Ecorse, Detroit. Midi.; J. P. LEONARD, Personnel and ' . Safety Director, Rlaw-Knox Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C H. SUNDERLAND, Super- ^ visor of l-afmr Analysis, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh. Pa. |;aineerinp and Practices Committee--A. G. WMISMAN (Giairman), Supervisor of Safely, Gary Steel Works, United States Steel Co., Gary, Ind. Fohriealmg Industry--GERARD O. GRIFFIN (Chairman), Director of Safety, Dravo Corporation, Neville Island, Pitlsluirgli, Pa.; F. M. nKAUDOIN, Manager Industrial Relations, United Slates Steel Products Company, Petroleum Iron Works Division, Sharon. Pa.; E W. ENGEKKK, Management's Rrrrrscntalivr, Pittsburgh District, llethlelicm Slcrl (>mi|iutiy. Pillslntrgli, I'a.; II. I'ALMINI, Salt-ly Engineer, j. I. Case Company. Rockford Works, Rockford, III.; WALTER E. WILLIAMS. Safety Ivngineer. Holler Manufacturing Cum|Kiny, Galesburg, III.; P. L. WISE, Supervisor Per sonnel & Safely, Hlaw-Knnx Division, flfaw-Knox Company, lllawnox, Pa. :Foundry Industry--J. D. IIOLTZAPPLE (Chairman), Personnel Supervisor, Continental Foundry fit Machine Coni|iany, East Chicago, Ind.; *D. A. FARRELL (Advisory Chairman), Supervisor of Safely. United Slates Steel Co., Pittsburgh, I'a.; *(RVfN A. BRINKMAN, Director of Employment, Safety and Welfare, Mackintosli-llcmphill Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; GEORGE MILLIGAN, Safety Director, MinneapotisMoline Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; SHERMAN RICHARDSON, Assistant Personnel Manager, American Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa.; A. G. STARRETT, Personnel Director, The Buckeye Steel Castings Company, Co lumbus, Ohio; C. J. VAN DAMN, Safety Director, Campbell, Wyant & Cannon A' Foundry Company, Muskegon, Mich.; E. J. WALLMAN, District Supervisor of Safety, Program Conunittee--E, H. HOUCK (Chairman), Superintendent o( Safety and Welfare. American Brake Shoe Co., Chicago, Hi. AKquippa Works, Jones ft Laughlin Sled Corp., Aliquippa, Pa.; C. L. BRADSHAW, Metallic Coaling Industry--BONNIE TRENT (Chairman), Plant Safety Committee, American Hot Dip Galvanizera Association, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *C M. ALLEN (Advisory Chairman), Staff Supervisor of Safety, Armco $tgd Corporation, Middle town, Ohio; T. C. CARRICO, Director, Welfare and Safety, Wheeling Steel Corpo ration, Wheeling, W. Va. . Safety Director, Alununura Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; G.- F. GRACE, Assistant to General Sales Manager, Industrial Chain Division, Columbus McKinnon Chain Corp., Tonswanda, N. Y.; EARLE M. LAYMAN, Director of Personnel, General Steel Castings Corp., Eddyslouc, Pa.; J. N. MAHAN, Supervisor of Safely and Insurance, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Ind.; EDWARD MARTIN, Director of Safety, Oliver Iron and Steel Corp.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; ALLEN M. MORGAN, Non-ferrous Metals Industries--M. L. ABEL (Chairman), Executive Vice-President, Mag nesium Company of America, East Chicago, Ind.; *H. G. HENSEL (Advisory Chair man), Safety Director, The Youngstown Sheet ft Tithe Company, Chicago, III.; WILLIAM GILLIAND, Assistant Safety Director, Aluminum Company of America, Manager, Industrial Relations Department, Haynes Stellite, Kokomo, Ind.; RUSSELL I. PISLE, Superintendent, Industrial Relations, Chicago District, Republic Steel Corp.. Chicago, HI.; T. R. SMITH, Safely Supervisor, Republic Steel Corp., Youngstown, Ohio. Pittsburgh, Pa.; C. L. McCOY, Director of Personnel, Chase Brass ft Copper Company, Trod* Association Liaison Committee--EDWARD C. METZEL (ChairiiKiu), Assistant Cleveland, Ohio; .1. E. NICHOLS, Director of Safety, Reynolds Metals Company, Supervisor of Safety, United States Steel Co., PittsUirgh, Pa.; P. J. BOWEN, Assist Reynolds Metals Building, Richmond, Va.; C. L. RIENZO, Supervisor of Workmen's ant Safety Engineer; Great Lakes Corp., Kcorsc, Detroit, Mich.; *I'AUL E. GRUND* Compensation, Revere Copper and Brass Inc., Rome, N. Y.; WILLIAM S. VISOKAY, MAN, Safety Engineer, Rustless Iron and Sled Division, Armco Sled Corp., Balti Superintendent of Safety. Urilge|iort Brass Cfot mpany, Bridgeport, Conn. . Steel Industry--rW. E. BARKER (Chairman), Safely Supervisor, East Works Plant, Armco Steel Corp., Middletown, Ohio; G. J. EIGENBROD, Safely Supervisor, Republic Steel Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.; STANLEY W. IIAtL, Supervisor, Em ployee Services Section, Steel Division, Ford Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich.; W. T. McLEAN, Supervisor of Safety, United Stales*Steel Co.. Youngstown, Ohio; E. D. MORGAN, Superintendent of Plant Protection ft Safely, Bethlehem Plant Belhldtem Steel Company, Bethlehem. Pa.; W. I). WILLIAMS, Assistant Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet ft Tulie Company, ICasl Chicago. Ind. more, Md.; J. F. JULI, Safely Director, Consolidated Western Steel Corp., Us Angeles, Calif.; W. W. BRANT, Supervisor of Safely, Johnstown Pkmt, Bcthldrcirr Steel Company, Johnstown, Pa.; G. A. RILEY, Supervisor of Safely, American Brake Shoe Company. New York, N. Y.; J. R. VAN SYCKLE, Safely Supervisor, KcjiuMic Steel Corp., Cleveland. Ohio; K. M. WAI.SIJ, Assistant Director, Safely ami Plant Service, Inland Sled Company, Indiana llarlior Works, East Chicago, Ind. Visual Education and Poster Committee--ROBERT S. B. HOLMES (Chairman), Director of Training and Safely, National Tube Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; A. F. ASCI., Safety Supervisor, Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo.; II. J. JONES. Maiiaper, Industrial Relations, The Colorado Fuel ft Iron Corp., llnflalo, N. V ; I'M I. l.l'VIHJl'IST. Steel Warchottsing Industry--jOIIN^ C- CUSHING (Chairman), Director of Industrial Safety Director, Acme Sled Company, Kircnfale. III; l>. D M-VIIIK. Relations, United Slates Steel Supply.Company, Chicago, III.; *F. W. KELSEY (Ad Safety and Welfare Department, Pittsburgh Works, Jones ft Ijmglilm Strrl Imp, visory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety ft Welfare, Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corpora- Pittsburgh, Pa.; ARTHUR D. MURPHY, Director of Safety and Suggestion Plan, lion, Jones ft Laughlin Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.; M. A. KING, Supervisor of Safety, Crucible Sled Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; KENNETH J. WARD, Assistant J. T. Ryerson Company, Chicago, 111.; JOHN E .SPANN, Engineer, Chicago Ware* to Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sheet ft Tiiltc Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Ikhisc, Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corporation, Chicago, III.; WALTER STONER, Super intendent Industrial Relations, Trusron Division, Republic Steel Corp, Youngstown, Ohio. Members-at-Ltirge--*E. F. BLANK, Assistant to Vice-President, Employee ami Public Relations, Jones ft Laiigldin Sled Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; GROVER C. BROWN, Wire Manufacturing Industry--II. E. FKAYER (Chairman), Safely Director, L. A. Young Spring ft Wire Corp., Detroit, Mich.; *J. F. COLLINS, Supervisor of Safely, The Youngstown Slrcct ft Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio; PETER CONTAKDO, Safety Director, John A. Rocliling's Sons Company, Trenton, N. J. Secretary, Industrial Relations Committee, Amcrieait Iron ami Steel |ii<tlilulc. New York, N. Y.; *K. A. CHAFFIN, Vice-President, imlustiial Relations, Cmilinrntal Steel Corp., Kokomo, fiid.; *H. II. FERGUSON, Assistant Director of Industrial Rela tions, Republic Sled Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; *G. T. FONDA, Assistant to Prcsuktil, Weirton Steel Company, Wcirton, W. Va.; *E. If. FYI.ER, Sti|K.-rmUndcl. Imlustiial 11faith Cotnntillee--DR. RICHARD J. BENNETT (Chairman), Chief Surgeon, United Relations, United Slates Steel Co., Gary Steel Works, Gaiy, Ind.; *11. J. GRIFFITH, Stales Steel Company, Chicago, 1)).; DR. II. 11. CARLETON, Medical Director, Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harlwr Works, ILast Chicago, Ind.; DR. A. M. EDWARDS, Assistant to Manager of Coal Mines, Jones ft Liugldin Steel Corp., Vi-sla-Shannoput Coal Division, California, Pa.; *F. A. LAUEKMAN, Director of Industrial Relation*, Medical Director, American Sled ft Wire Company, Cleveland, Ohio; DR. S. A. Republic Steel Corp., Yomigslowii, Ohio; *J. A. OARTEL, Pittsburgh, Pa.; *R ,L. NORRIS, Chief Surgeon, Jones ft Laughlin Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. SCHMIf I, I-ouisviHc, Ky.; *fl. J. SPOKRF.R, Director of Industrial Relations, The MembershiI Committee--W. M. NF.LSON (Chairman), Manager of Safety, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; R. II. BUMGARDNER, Manager, Safely and Casualty Youngstown Sheet ft Tulrc Cui|Kiny, Youngstown, (t|| Slag Representatiiv-WM. N. DAVIS, Senior E Bureau, Tennessee Coal, Iron ami Railroad Company, Birmingham, Ala.; K. M. DAVIS, Chicago, III. General Supervisor of Safety. Homestead Works, United Slates Steel Co., MiinhaN, E* Past General Chairman. Pa.; J. A. DOWNEY, JR., Director, Personnel ft Safety, Sioss-Sheffield Steel ft Iroa Company, Birminglram, Ala.; A. L. LOTT, Manager of Industrial Relations, The Sled National Safely Com 000338 Company of Canada, Ltd., General Oflices, Hamilton, Canada. C. J. VANDEVENTER, Safety Director, Atlantic Steel Company, Atlanta, Ga. ` 38 39 i Officerft of the MINING SECTION j Safely Promotion Committee--R. F. WILSON (Chairman), Oli rr Iron Mining Co.. Duluth, Minn.; P. D. McMURKKK. Mining Congress journal, Washington, I). C; | EVAN JUST, Engineering & Mining Journal, New York, N. Y.; JOHN DORSCII. Mining World, San Francisco, Cal.; II. R. RICE, Canadian Mining Journal, Garden- ,l; vale, Quebec, Canada. NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Hygiene and Ventilation Committee--R. EMMETT DOHERTY (Chairman), Anthracite ; Institute, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; E. A. ANUNDSEN, I'ickaiids Mather ft Company, ' Duluth, Minn.; C. WESLEY POTTER, ilomcstakc Mining Co., Lead So. Dak. General Chairman--CLIFFORD GIBSON, Mines Accident Prevention Assn, of Ontario^ Timmins, Ontario, Canada. . Firtt Vice-Chairman--A. J. STROMQUIST, Cleveland Cliffs Iron Co., Isliitciniiijf, Mick Second Vice-Chairman--). O. MARSHALL, St. Joseph Lead Co., Ilalnint, N. Y. Third Vice-Chairman--OSCAR A. GLAESER, U. S. Smelling, Refining and Mining Co, Salt Lake City, Utah. Secretary & Newt Letter Editor--D. O. KENNEDY, Safety and Health Brandi, U. & Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Entertainment Committee--). T. RYAN, JR. (Chairman), MilW Safely Appliances Co, Pittsburgh, Pa. Uewbers-at-l.arfle--*GEORGE GERRY, Pickands Malltcr ft Co., Irimwood, Mich.; `WALTER E. MONTGOMERY, Quebec Aslicslos Mining Assn., Montreal, Onehre, . Canada; `JAMES K. RICHARDSON, Kctmccott Copper Co., Salt Like City, Utah; ' 1 `JOHN L. BOAKDMAN, Anaconda Copjier Mining Co., Ilutlc, Mont.; *C. M. FELL ; MAN, The Montreal Mining Cn., Montreal, Wis.; A. W. NESS, American Smelling k Refining Co., Salt Lake City, Utah; *P. M. ARTHUR, American Zinc Co. nf Tennessee, Mascolt, Tain.; `ANGUS D. CAMPBELL, McIntyre Porcupine Mines, Ltd., Schumacher, Ont., Canada; *W. II. COMINS, Baroid Sales Div., National Lead Co., Texarkana, Texas; *R. DAWSON HALL, Coal Age, McGraw-Hill Publishing i Co., Inc., New York, N. Y.; S. E. SHARP, Tennessee Copper Co.. Copperhill, Tam.; i R. F. A. THEVV, Steep Rock Iron Mines, Ltd., Steep Rock Lake, Ontario, Canada; T. D. D. MOFFAT. Utah Copper Co., Silt Lake City, Utah; R. II. SKI I*. The New ' Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin, N. J.; `JOHN TKKWEEK, llonicsiakr Mining Co.. Lead, S. D.; HOWARD I. YOUNG, American Zinc, !c.ad A Smelling Co., St. I.nni* Mo. Engineering Committee--GEORGE GEDGE (Chairman), Calumet and lleda Consoli dated Copper Co., Calomel, Mich.; RALPH CLELAND, International Nickel Co, Cooper Cliff, Ontario, Canada; I'. R. I1IRCHFIELD, Tamossee Coal, I run R.U. Com pany, Birmingham, Ala.; C. E. SIIEA, Oliver Iron Mining ComiKiny, llihhing, Minx; H. B. HUTCHENS, Eagle I'idler Mining & Smelling Co., Cardin, Okla.; RAY MOND R. KNILL, Potash Cutu|Kiuy of America, Carlsliad, New Mexico; JOHN B. BIKER, Consolidated Mining & Smelling Co., Lt<L, of Canada, Trail, llritish Coliunbu, Canada. Stag Representative--G. G. GRIEVE, National Safely Council, Chicago, III. `Past General Chairman Membership Committee--J. T. WILLIAMS (Chairman), Hunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentration Co., Kellogg, Idalto; M. R. McPIlERSON, Kerr-Addison Gold Mines, Ltd., Virginiatown, Ontario, Canada; C. R. NEIL, Bcthlcliciu Cornwall Corp., Corn wall, Pa.; E. RUNEHJELM, Hudson Hay Mining and Smelting Coni|KUiy, Flin Fkn, Manitoba, Canada. Program Committee--S. II. ASH (Chairman), Safety & lleallh IJrancIi, U. S. Ilurtaa of Minc% Washington, D. C.; W. O. TOWER, Giicf Inspector of Mines, Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; C. M. ELLEDGE, Reynolds Mining Cory, Alexander, Ark. Poster ond Visual Aids Committee--L. I*. BISHOP (Chairman), Anaconda Copper Min ing Co., Butte, Mont.; R. E. HARMON, Phelps Dodge Corp., New Cornelia Branch, Ajo, Aril.; G. W. KNUDSEN, Utah Copper Company, Bingham, Utah; GEORGE W. STREEPEY, Alcoa Mining Co.. New York, N. Y.; M. C. M. POLLARD; National Gypsum Co., Buffalo, N. Y.; LAMAR WEAVER, Tennessee Copper Co, Copperhill, Term.; A. H. ZEILINGER, Colorado Fuel & Iron Co., Pueblo, Colorado Sfofuftrj Committee--FOREST T. MOYER (Chairman), U. S. Bureau of Mines, Acci dent Analyses Djv., Washington, D. C. 82 Officers of the PETROLEUM SECTION CJUuVmmh Off-lhe-Joh Safety Committee--C. L. IHGIITOWICR, United (ias Pipe Line Co., Shreveport, La. CAatrmuii Contest and Statistical Committee--J. II. CAMICKON, The Alhuilic RclimnK Co., Philadelphia, Pa. ' NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Hens Letter Editor--A. R. BOWLES, The Texas Co., New York, N. Y. ^Assistant News Letter Editor--ELLIS K. LOCIIER, Ethyl Corp., New York, N. Y. General Chairman--C. D. ATTAWAY, Arkansas Fuel Oil Co., Shreveport, La. Vice-General Chairman--WALTER BOON, Sim Oil Co., Marcus Hook, Pa. Secretary--F. G. WILSON, American Petroleum Institute, New York, N. Y. Chairman Emeritus--ROY S. BONSIB, Searuble, N. Y. Vice-Chairman for Erotlnctitm--}. II. McKKNZIK, General PetrulciHii tinp, fdes, Calif. Pire*OwiruiaN for Marketing--ALEX 1S UK TAKNOWSKY, The Pure Oil Co., O|0, III. VitS'Chaitman for I'ifc Lines--E. W. tlKKG^UIST, Interstate Oil Pi|icline Shreveport, La. ft Put General Chairmen--W. O. WILSON, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana); 1). M. FAR* K' REL, Shell Pipe Line Corp.; D. A. KLEMME. Stanolind Oil & Gas Co.; W. 1. B ` KENT, Magnolia Petroleum Co.; J. HOWARD MYERS, The Atlantic Refining Co.; ' JOHN C ASKAM, The Ohio Oil Co.; J. L. RISINGER, Socony-Vactium Oil ; Co., Inc.; H. T. MARKEE, Phillips Petroleum Co.; F. R. McLEAN, White Star ,V Div., Socony-Vacumn Oil Co., Inr.; C. A. MILLER, Tlie Texas Co.; J. II. BROWN, Tide Water Associated Oil Co.; II. W. HOGGE5S, Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.; A. W. ` BREELAND, l.otc Star Gas Co.; It. It. KOAPEN, lluinhle Oil K Rcl'ming Co.; >. GERALD O. LOCKWOOD. Continental Casualty Co.; K. W. BLACK, Esso Standard Oil Co.; C. L. HIGHTOWER, United Gas Pipe Line Co.; R. E. DONOVAN, f Standard Oil Co. (Cal.); CLYDE VV. SMITH (Retired); GEORGE F. TRUSSING. $ Consultant; V. R. CURRIE, The Texas Co.; 1*1 J. SEN NIC (Retired); U. I. WAL- :>'( LACE, Sinclair Prairie Oil HOY S. ItONSIB (Retired). y Siaf Representative--ROY G. BENSON, National Safety Council, Chirngo, III. Vice-Chairman for Exploration and DriHiatt--'W. W. DUNCAN, LoAbixl Bros G*,| TUlsa, Okla. Vice-Chairman for Manufactimny--J. K. Uf.I.AUNK, Cities Service Corp., Tulwiler Kt-| finery. Lake Charles, La. '. Chairman Atlantic Division--A. li. BACCINI, The Atlantic Kefining Co., Philadelphia, Pa] Chairman Gulf Coast Division--K. L. CAKKUTIIEHS, Shell Pipe Line Corp., Ilousfo Te*. Chairman Great lushes Division--YJ. W. WHITLOCK, Illinois Farm Supply Co., Of] eago, III. Chairman Mid-Continent Division--FRED CLAIBORNE, Stanolind Oil A Gas Tulsa, Okla. Chairman Pacific Coast Division--1C. M. McCRACKICN, Shell Oil Cu., !.* Angd&l Calif. Chairman Research Coiamiltre--\V. O. WILSON, SlaiNlard Oil Co. (Indiana), Chic III. Chairman Engineering Committee--I'ARKEK FOLSE, Magnolia Petroleum Co., moot, Tex. Visual Aids Committee--}. K. MORRISON (Chairman), Shell Oil Co., New Yo N. Y.; LEWIS A. MARTIN (Co-Chairman), Oklahoma A & M College, Still* Okla. ooo3;:o Chairman Health Committee--DR. It. B. REEVE, Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), III. 46 17 Officers of the 3 PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 Central Chairman--W. II, ADAMS, Safely Consultant, American Gas Association,1 New York, N. Y. Membership Committee--F. T. ELLKNIJKRG (Chairman), Safely Dir, Atlantic Cily Electric Co, Atlantic City, N. J.; J. G. DICKINSON, Supt. of Acc. Pre, Wisconsin Electric Power Co, Milwaukee, Wis.; II. A. PTOLEMY, Safely Supvr, Public Serv ice Co. of Northern Illinois, Chicago, III.; AYI.ES B. SI I F.l IKE, Safety Engineer, Rural Electrification Adm, Atlanta, Ga. Poster Committee--E. M. CHASE (Chairman), Safely Dir, Central Vermont Public. Service Corp, Rutland, Vl.; PAUL WINDSOR, Safely F.ng, Bureau of Safely, Chicago, HI. [iVoter Utilities Committee--EONS. J. HUGHES. Safely Engineer, Pacific Power & Light Co, Public Service Bldg, Portland, Ore. I'ietChairman--\V. T. ROGERS, Shfety Consultant, Efwsco Services, lic., New York,, fi.Publirily Committee--DAVID A. FLEMING, Safely Promotion Sjwtialisl, U. S. Ih-p't N. Y. of Labor, Bur. of Lalior Slandards-Safcty Standards, Wasliinglon, D. t\; IIAROI.D Secrtlory--D, C. STEWART, Niagara Moliawk Power Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y.j W. MASTERS, Safely Director, AsphuMlh Tree F.xjwrl Co, Jcnkinlown, Pa. lingiueering Committee -- KOIIliRT McEl.lX)WNEY, Jk. (Chairman), Safely Uir,] United Fuel lias Company, Charleston, W. Va.; F. II. LaMASTEK, Head, Safely 4 j Job Training Section, Management Div, U. S. Dept, of Agriculture, Rural Kkctriffcalkw] Adm., Washington, D. C.; EVERETT RAVN. Dr. of Safety, Wisconsin Power 4 [['.Program Committee--W. S. KITCHEN (Cliairman), System Safety Supvr, ApiKihichian Electric Power Co, Roanoke, Va.; W. F. BROWN, Safely Dir, Consolidated Edison Co. of New York, Inc, New York, N. Y.; R. P. DOUGLAS, Safely Dir, The Detroit Edison Co, Detroit, Mich. Light Company, Madison, Wis.; C. A. COUTTS, Div. of Safety, Northern Stalei|, [Mews Letter Committee--JACK APPEL (Chairman), Supvr. of Safely, Commonwealth Power Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; LESTER 1,INI>, Safety Director, Michigan-Wisconiia j Pipe Line Co-, Detroit, Mich.' '. Edison Co, Chicago, 111.; H. T. JAYNE, Safely Supvr, The Philadelphia Gas Works Co, Philadelphia, Pa. Data Sheet Subcommittee--FREDERICK G. HARKIMAN (Cliairman), Safety Mgr,* -StofijftYr & Contest Committee--R. E. WALTER (Chairman), Safely Director, Omaha New England Tower Service Co, Boston, Mass.; HOWARD K. COOK, Ass't Mgr,i 'ublic Power District, Omaha, Neb.; M. M. MF.IIRING, Safely Snp'v, The 1'hila- Safety Dep't, Philadelphia Electric Co, lliiladcMua. Pa.; EUGENIC E. EDMOND-1, delphia Gas Works Co, Philadelphia, Pa. SON, Safety Director, Texas Eastern Transmission Corp, Shrevejwrt, La.; C. E!| IIAMMON, Safety Dir, Columlms & Soullrern Ohio Electric Co, Columbus, Oluft.- Jl Safety Instruction Card Subcommittee--E. T. MARSIIALI. (Chairman), System Safety*. Special Projects Committee--L. C. SCHAFER (Chairman). Safely Sup'v, Michigan Gas Storage Co, Jackson, Mich.; K. S. METZGER, Dir. of Claims X- Safety, Toledo _ Edison Co, Toledo, Ohio; C. A. FISCHBACK, Safely Supvr, Sonihcru California Eng, Pennsylvania Electric Co, Johnstown, Pa.; FORREST I). NOKMKRG, Safety; Edison Co, Alhambra, Calif.; V. L. WOMELDORFF, Safely Director, Illinois Pov.*cr Dir, Utah Power & Light Co, Salt Lake City, Utah; WILLIAM J. EASTON, Dir. of f,Co, Decatur, 111;; F. JOHN ALBI, Safely Supvr. City of Seattle, Dep't of Lighting, Acc. Pre, Tlie Cincinnati Gas & Electric Co, Cincinnati, Ohio. Seattle, Wash. Safety Ideas Committee--R. R. CONN (Chairman), Supvr. of Training ft Safety, Power ! Station Dept, Duquesne Light Co, Pittsburgh, Pa.; EUGENIC D. MrATICIC, Ass't Vice Pres. & Safety Dir, The L. 1C. Myers Co, Chicago, III.; C. D. MURDOCK, Safety Supvr, Kansas City Power & Light Co, Kansas City, Mo.; R. II. F.LFSTROM, Supvr. of Industrial Safety, British Colombia Electric Railway Co. Lid, Vancouver, B. C Filial/ Aids Committee--A. II. I.ARSEN (Chairman), Supvr, Safety & Training Div,' Const. Dept, Commonwealth Edison Co, Chicago, III.; C. P. SI1IKKY, Safety Dir, Gulf States Utilities Co, Beaumont, Tex.; C. W. PROVONCHEIC, Pcrs. Dir, Provi dence Gas Co, Providence, R. I.; D. E HUSK, Safety Dir, New Jersey Power 4 IJght Co, Dover, N. J. j , MembersolLarge-fi. A. THORNTON, South Bend, Ind.; P. A. AI.IIERTY, Co lumbus, Ohio. Councilors (Post (ieneral Choirmen)--1916-17, J. B. DOUGLAS; I'Hu.Jii, WILI.IS MacLACHLAN; 1925-26, B. B. McCUI.LOCU; 1926-27. GEORGE DPI'; 1927-28. i:. J. RUTLAND; 1928-29, JL F. WEBB; J9J0-JI, I*. S. BEAUMONT; 19.11-.12, G. A. DOELLER; I9.12-.1.1, C II; IIOULET; I9.M-.15. E. J. KRKII: l'US-.*. ROV M. tiODWIN; 19.W-.10, R. S. METZGER; 19.19-40, II. A. PTOI.I MV; lMl II, CHARLES S. BOWDEN; *1941-42, P. L. G. IIASSKARL; 1912-1.1, D. t . DUN CAN; I94J-44, E S. MINER; *1944-46. J. T. O'BRIEN; 1946-47. I. O. LESLIE; 1947-48, J. B. PORCHER; 1948-49, E. L. FITZGERALD; 1949-50, JOHN Mac- LELLAN; 1950-SI, K. li. 1IANNAFORF). Health Committee--DR. HART E. FISHER (Cliairmaii), Medical Dept, Chicago Tran-} sit Authority, Chicago, HI.; DR. H. R. McKEEN, Med. Dir, Public Service Co. of Colorado, Denver, Colo. ' Training Committee--P. M. GENTZEL (Cliairman), Safely Coordinator, Ohio Edison ' Co, Akron, Ohio; J. M. FALLS, Dir. of Safety & Training, Northern Indiana Public Service Co, Hammond, Ind.; JAMES B. HALL, Mgr. of Acc. Pre, Equitable Gas Co, Pittsburgh, Pa.; D. E. ALBERTSON, Safety Engineer, Pennsylvania Power 4 \ Light Co, HMelton, Pi. Special Representatives--VI. F. BROWN (Chairman, Acc. Pre. Committee EEI), Salcly f Director, Consolidated Edison Co. of New Yor Inc, New York. N. Y.; A. SIDNEY HANCOCK (Chairman, Acc. Pre. Committee Safety Lmig Island Lighting Co, Miueola, N. Y. Staff Representative--GEORGE' MacDONALD, atintial Safety <'<mn.il, Chicago, |if~7 `Deceased. oooc;m 19 Officers of the r. Program Committee--*}. R. TllliXTON (Cltniriihin), 'Hie IManare, l^icbviiiiin ami l ' Western Railroad Company, Hoboken, N. j.; I.. C. IIAI1NEY (Vicc-Cliairman), RAILROAD SECTION! L Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Company, Joliet, III.; F. R. CALLAHAN, Tlie Pullman Company, Giicago, III.; `J- 1L TENNEY, The Western Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, Mo. ; F. B. LEWIS, Union Pacific Rnilrond Company, Omaha, NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 19S1-52 . ' Neb.; E. E. 5EYFARTH, Belt.Railway-Chlcago ft Western Indiana Railroad, Gii: cago, III.; *W. H. ROBERTS, Chicago and North Wcilcm Railway System, Chicago, IIL; `R. p. HAMILTON, St Loufa-San Francisco Railway Company, Si. Louis, Mo. 1 faster Committee--M. A. NUGENT (Chairman), The Southern Pacific Company, San 1 Fraodsco, Cal.; R. S. JAMES (Vice-Chairman), Denver and Rin Grande Western Central Chairman--L. E. HOFFMAN, St. Louis Southwestern Railway Lines, Tyler, TaV RILadlillHroMaUd CVAoMm|p||aMnHy/,| Da^ecniivvefri,| Cwowla*^; Gw. R. H..UNTOwO----N----w, C- hic..awgo,, Rock (stand and...................................-- . P"ac"ific --Ra--ilroad Company, Chicago. IIL; L. *B. lHlaAnRtPlCEDR, lIilelino1is_ rC--en.1tr^a1l HRa-!illrinoa,Jd, Vice-Chairman--R. C. SADENS, Tlie New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Corn*! pany, Cleveland, Ohio. ' Chicago, HI.; O. R. DIAMOND, Kansas City Southern Railway Company, Shreve port, La.; B. A. McDONALD, Missouri-Pacinc-Texas Lines, Dallas, Tex. Secretary and News Letter Editor--R. S. /AMES, Denver and Rio Grande Wetferaj Railroad Company, Denver, Cola Association Liaison Committee--*A. V. ROIIWEDER (Chairman), Duluth, Missal* nC Iron Range Railway Cominuy, Dulnlli, Mirai.: *D. E. MUMFORD (Vice-CliairmaaJJ New Yorlt Central System, New York, N. Y.; C. M. KIMBALL, Southern RailwajS System, Washington, D. C. A Contest Committee--`C. L. LaFOUNTAINE (Oiairman), The Great Northern Railway ' Company. St. Paul, Minn.; *G. W. ELSTE (Vice-Chairman), Tire Baltimore and; Ohio Railroad Company, nallimore, Md.; C. M. KIMBALL, Southern Railway Sy*--' tern. Washington, D. C.; F. R. CALLAHAN. The Pullman Company, Chicago, IIL;, D. W. NAFF, Norfolk ami Western Railway Company, Roanoke, Va. ; Safe Practices Pamphlets Committee--j. P. WADSWORTH (Chairman), Canadian Na" tkmal Railways, Montreal, Quebec; G. M. DEMPSEY (Vice-Chairman), Oiiearo, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, III.: A. E DUNCAN, The Cltesapcake and Ohio Railway Company, Grand Rapids, Midi.; C. D. BLUE, Giicago ami Eastern Illinois Railroad Company, Danville, III; W. G. LANIJRAM, Wabash Railroad Company, St. Louis, Ma - \-Safety Devices Committee--E E SEYFARTH (Chairman), Belt Railway-Chfcago ft I Western Indiana Railroad, Chicago, III.; G. G STROMSOE (Vicc-Cliatrman), At lantic Coast Line Railroad Cominny, Wilmington, N. G: G. A. ROBINSON. Tire Gwsapcakc and Ohio Railway Company, Richmond, Va.; K. II. SHORT, Tire Nash ville, Qnilanooga and St. Louis Railway Comimiy, Nashville, Tcnn.; S. S. SANDFORD. The Central Railroad Company of New Jersey, Jersey City, N. J.; J. T. WILLIAMS, The PemsyJvaima Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. l:ilm and Sound Committee--R. 1. GREENFIELD (Chairman), The Canadian Pacific Railway,* Montreal, Quebec; E. II. BLEWER (Vice-Chairman), New York Central | System, New York, N. Y.; R. S. JAMES, Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, Denver, Colo.; M. A. NUGENT. The Southern Pacific Company, San Frau-, cisco, Cal.; E. J. FLAHERTY, Lehigh Valley Railroad, New York. N. Y.; J. El i *7 f I SLAVEN, Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. Chicago, III. *' Safety Instruction Cord and Sofetygraph Committee--J. E. TOOHEY (Chairman), New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad Company, New Haven, Conn.; C. T. DeWITT (Vice-Qiairman), Northern Pacific Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn.; J, A. FLETCHER, Tire Toronto, Hamilton and Buffalo Railway Company, Hamilton, Ontario; A. I. BENSAIA, Boston and Maine Railroad Company, Boston. Mass.1 H. A LlNDERER, St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Ma Highway-Roihooy Crossing Committee--C. M. KIMBALL (Oiairman) Soutliern Rail way System, Washington, I). C.; *G. W. ELSTE (Vice-Chairman), The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, Md.; C. T. DeWITT, Northern Pacific Rail way Company, St. Paul, Minn.; E. L. DUGGAN, Tire Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, Chicago, HI.; *K. P. HAMILTON, St. Lonis-San Francisco Rail way Company, St. Louis, Mo.; |>. E. MUMFORD, New York Central System, New totufitt Committee--*). R. TENNEY (Oiairman), 'flic Western Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, Md.; D. G IRVING (Vice-Chairman), The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa.; B. A. GRUBBS, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Roanoke, Va.; S. D. COULTON, The New York, Chicago ami St. Louis Railroad Company, Cleveland, Oliia York; N. Y.; J. E. SLAVF.N, Chicago, Burlingloit ami Quincy Railroad, Chicago, IIL, J. P. WADSWORTH, Ganadiun National Railways, Montreal, Quebec; J. T. WIL LIAMS* The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. Trespassing Committee--*W. II. ROBERTS (Chairman), Chicago mxl North Western Railway System, Chicago, III.; CAPT. J. R. NUTTER. (Vice-Chairman). Kentucky and Indiana Terminal Railroad Company, Louisville, Ky.; C. M. KIMBALL, South Health Committee--C. H. O'DONN EL, M.D. (Oiairman), New York Central Sysla* Detroit, Midi. . J- 1 ern Railway System, Washington, U. G; M. RRACV, Southern Railway System, Cincinnati, Ohio; HOMER CONNOR, Tire Bahbimre and Ohm Railroad Company, Baltimore, MiL; J). C. JMULTON, Tire IxniIsviJU- ami Nashville Railroad Comparer. Membership Committee--*\V. II. ROBERTS (Chairman), Chicago and Norlli Wester* L Louisville, Ky. Railway System, Chicago, III.; L. II. PICKRYL (Vice-Chairman). Tire initial Railway Company, Cleveland, Ohio; L. J. BENSON, The Chicago, River Ter-, Milwaukee;, > Staff Representative--L. W. DUTTON, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Giicago, 111.; FRANK L. WINEGAR, The1 Chicago, South Shore and South' Bend Railroad Company, Michigan City, Ind.; F. R. `Past General Qiairman CALLAHAN, The Pulhuan Company Giicago, III.; D. P. BROWDER, Richmond Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad Company, Richmond. Va.; W. G LARAWAY, The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation, Albany, N. Y. Nominations and Elections Committee--*J. R. THEXTON (Qiairman), The Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad Cominny, Hoboken, N. J.; *D. E MUMFORD i (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, New York, N. V.; `ROBERT SCOTT, j Atlantic Coast Line Railroad, Wilmington, N. G: *W. H. ROBERTS, Chicago and; North Western Railway System, Cliicaco, ill.; `R. P. HAMILTON, St. Louis-Saa' Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. 00033::! Officers of the TEXTILE SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951 -52 General Chairman--NEIL NELSON, District Engineering Manager, American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Manchester, N. H. Pice-Chairman for Membership--ROBERT I. BARR, Safely Supervisor, Industrial Rayon Corporation, Painesville, Ohio. Membership Associates--LEWIS P. SORRELL, Deputy Commissioner, North Carolina Department of Labor, Raleigh, N. C.; HAROLD I*'. HAYDEN, Safely Training & Medical Director, Columbian Rope Company, Auburn, N. Y. Secretary--CHARLES L. TKOMMER, Chief, Safety Branch, Personnel Department, Mohawk Carpet Mills, Amsterdam, N. Y. . News Letter and Publicity Editor--ARTHUR A. KINSMAN, Safety Director, Crown Manufacturing Company, Pawtucket, R. f. Associate Editor--RICHARD G. MORRIS, Robert !'. Coleman, Inc., New York City. Statistical end Contest Committee--J. W. STEWART, Assistant Manager, Industrial Relations Division, Carter Operating Group, J. P. Stevens & Company, Inc., Greens* boro, N. C. Program Committee--If. S. BAUCOM, Safely Director, North Carolina Industrial Com mission, Raleigh. N. C. Of-the-Job Committee--FRANCES BETHUNE, R.N., Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Charlotte, N. C. . Health Committee--DU. STANLEY SPRAGUE, Medical Director, J k V Coals, Inc, Pawtucket, R. I. Visual Education Committee--JOSEPH A. WINKLER, Assistant Southern Division Manager, American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Atlanta, (la. Engineering Committee--WILLIAM G. ENNIS, Deputy Commissioner, Department of Labor, Hartford, Conn. Engineering Associate--E. L. PERMENTKR, Supervisor Loss Prevention I )c|U , Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Spartanburg, S. C. Synthetic Fibre Committee--GLENN G. FLEMING, Safely Director, Cetane** Corpora tion of America, New York, N. Y. IPool and Worsted Committee--`JOHN J. BURGER, Safely Director, W. J. Dickety t: Sons, Oetla, Baltimore County, kyi. Trade Associations Committee--V. M. WELPTON, Vice-President, The American . Thread Company, New York, N. Y.; A. WATSON COCROFT, Berkshire Find Spinning Associates, Inc., Providence, K. I. Cotton Committee--FOREST N. PETTY, Safety Director, Dan River Mills, Danville, Va. Dytmg and Finishing Committee--EARLE D. SYLVIA, Personnel Director, Bradford Dyeing Association (U.S.A.), Westerly, R. I. ' Msmbers-at-Large--*C. J. HYSLUP, Safely Director, Chatham Manufacturing Company, Elkin, N. C.; ^ROBERT M. MURRAY, Chief, Division of Industrial Inspection, Department of Labor, Providence, R. I.; *H. E. WILLIAMS, Safety Director, Fieldcrest Mills, Division of Marslial) Field 8t Company, Inc., Spray, N. C.; . G. PADGETT, Safety Engineer, Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Charlotte^ N. G; *FRANCES BETHUNE, R.N., Employers Mutual Lia bility Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Charlotte, N. G; J. D. BROWN, Safety Director, American Enka Corp., Enka, N. G; T. B. I POCK, JIG Director Industrial Relations, Firestone Textiles, Gastonia, N. C.; SARAH VAN SANT, R.Nn Super * vising Nurse, Graniteville Company, Graniteville, S. G Stef Representotioe--ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safety Council, Chicago^ III. `hll Gcectil Chaiiwm ( freeTiiKI ctibniv. HewA*- *> 1951 ' ' u ,,GENERAL SESSIONS 1951 National Safety Congress (Index to Transactions of all Sessions) t Officer*, Trustees, and Board ol Directors 5 Annual Council Meeting Minute* .............................................................................. II lyl Sportsmanship in Safety .................................................. 13 iyv Address by MillardCaldwell............................................. 17 k Six Steps Ahead ................. 20 Banquet Address by Robert young 27 Safety Exposition Exhibitors ................................................ 31 Index . . i.! ` : ........................ i...................... 37 Volume 1 Transactions 39th National Safety Cong 0003GU bv NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 425 No. Michigan Avenao Chicago M, III. National Safety Council OFFICERS Chairman, Board of Directors: Cmari.es It. Cox, President, Kennccott Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. i President: Neo H. Dearborn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, lit. Vice-President for Farms: Guy L. Noble, Managing Director, Na tional Committee on Boys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, III. 000307 Vice-Presidtnl for Finance, and Treasurer: O. Gressehs, Financial Vicc-Presidail, Peabody Coal Company, Oiicago, III. Pice-President for Homes: Tyler S. Rogers, Assistant to the Execu tive Vice-President, Owens-Coming Fikerglas Corp., Toledo, Ohio. Vice-President for Industry: J. E. Trainer, Vice-President and Pro duction Manager, Tltc Firestone Tire ft Ridibcr Co., Akron, Ohio. Vice-President for Local Safety Organizations: Uorert R. Snod grass, President, Allas Auto Finance Co., Atlanta, Ga. Vice-President for Membership: L. R. Boulware, Vke-Prwhlewt, Employee ft Plant Community Relations, General Electric Co, New York, N. Y. Vice-President for PublU Information: Boyd Lewis, Executive Editor, NEA-Acme, New York, N. Y. Vice-President for Schools and Colleges: Dr. Herolo C. Hunt, General Superintendent of Schools, Chicago, III. Vice-President for TrgjQl. ind Transportation: Thomas II. Mac Donald, Cotnmiisioaitt^M'Piiblic Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce, Washington, D. C. Vice-President for IVomen's Activities: Mas. George W. Jaqua, Safely Chairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Win chester, Ind. Secretary: R. L. Forney, General Secretary, National Safely Council, Chicago, HI. Assistant Treasurers: D. B. McCulloch, President, Bureau of Safety, Inc., Chicago, HI.; II. II. Greenvvald, Director, Accounting Divi sion, National Safety Council, Cliirago, III. 5 National Safety Council TRUSTEES Chairman of the Trustees: Lee Warren James, Attorney, Old Brookville, Lon( Island, New York. (Nole: Mr. James succeeded William A. Irvin as Chairman of (he Trustees upon (lie laller's death Jan uary 2. 1952.) Vice-Chairman of tht Trustees: John Stilwell, Yonkers, New York. Secretary of the Trustees: Ned H. Deardorn, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. Members WiNTiiaor W. Atoaicn, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Chase National Bank, New York, N. Y. Melvin H. Baker, President, National Gypsum Company, Buffalo, N. Y. Lawrence D. Bell, President, Bell Aircraft Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y. James B. Black, President, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco; Calif. S. Bruce Black, President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Mobcan B. Brainard, President, Aetna Life Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. I Cason j. Callaway, Blue Spring Farms, Hamilton, Ga. John W. Carpenter, President, Texas Power and Light Company, Dallas, Texas. William G. Chandler, President, Scripps-Iioward Supply Company, New York, N. Y. Kenneth B. Colmah, Seattle, Wash. Charles R. Cox, President, Kcnnecott Copper Corporation, New York, N. Y. (Ex-Officio.) Cleo F. Craig, President, American Telephone & Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y. Frederick C Crawford, President, Thompson Products, Inc., Cleve land, Ohio. Walter J. Cummings, Chairman, Board of Directors, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, Chicago, 111. Ned H. Dearborn, President, National Safely Council, Chicago, III. (Ex-Oflicio.) Richard R. Deupree, Chairman, Board of Directors, Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. U National Safety Council Benjamin F. Fairlf.ss, President, United Slates Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Francis J. Gavin, Chairman, Board of Directors, Great Northern Railway Company, Si. Paul, Minn. William Green, President, American Federation of Labor, Wash ington, D. C E. Roland Harriman, Brown Brothers llarriman and Company, New York. N. Y. Lee Warden James, Old Brookvitte, Long Island, N. Y. George E. Leigiitv, President, Railway Lalior Executives' Associa tion, Washington, D. C. Horace P. Liversidgr, Chairman, Board of Directors, Philadelphia Electric Company, Philadelphia, Pa. . Gustav Metzman, President, New York CVniral System. New Ymk, N. Y. ' 1 iiomas A. Morgan, (liaimi.iii, tt<.itt < Ihtr<(<<<, llir Sfto Corporation, New York, N. Y. Philip Murray, President, Conere1* of Indmirial t iiRaiii/atM-m. Washington, D. C. Benjamin OSiiea. Mcwler, lltonl nf Directors, Union Carlddc and Carbon Corp., New York, N. Y. Thomas I. Parkinson, President, E>|uitahle Life Assurance Society of (lie United States, New York, N. Y. W. S. S. Rohxh, Chairman, Board of Directors, The Texas Com pany, New York, N. Y. William A. Simpson, President, William Simpson Construction Com pany, l^oa Angeles, Cnlif. IIfrremt K. Smith, Manlier, Board of Ihmiors, United Stales KuMier Company, New York, N. Y. John Stilwfjj^ Yonkers N. Y. Arthur IL Stoddard, President, Unioo I'acilic Railroad Co., Omaha, NcW. Dr. John F. Thompson, Chairman and I'rrsidenl, lulrrnalional Nickel ComjKiiiy of Canada, Lid., New York, N. Y. Juan T. Irippk, President, I'aii-Ameriean Airways System. New York. N. Y. * TllOMAS J. Watson, President, lulrrnalional Business Machines Corp., New York, N. Y. C. I* Wilson, President, f>mral ('or (Miration, Detroit, Midi. Charles I)i:wr Wiman, President, Deere and Cotii|iany, Moline, III. Kohlrt W. WuNHiiiir, (.haiiman, I'.xecutivc Committee, The CoraCola Company, Atlanta, Cia. National Safety Council BOARD OF DIRECTORS Chairman of Iho Board of Dirtttort: Charles R. Cox, 1'residenl, KcnnccoU Co|*per Corp., New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman of tht Board of Dirtetort: Franklin M. Krf.ml, Direclor, Traffic Division, international Association of Cliiefs of Police, Evanston, III MembeiB A. F. Au.cn, President, Texas Employers' Insurance Association, Dallas, Tex. J. I. Banash, Consulting Engineer, West Los Angeles, Calif. William B. Barton, Manager, Labor Relations Department, Chamber of Commerce of tlie United States, Washington, D. C. Mrs. Olive Beech, President, Beech Aircraft Corp., Wichita, Kans. C. W. Bcrcquist, Indianapolis, Ind. R. A. L. Bogan, Executive Vice-President, The Greyhound Corpora tion, Chicago, III. Norman E. Borcerson, Assistant Superintendent, State Department of Public Instruction, Lansing, Mich. . L. R. Boulware, Vice-President, Employee ft Plant Community Relations, General Electric Company, New York, N. Y. Fred W. Braun, Vice-President and Chief Engineer, The Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Wausau, Wis. Theo Brown, Director, Deere and Company, Moline, III. E. J. Buhner. Chairman of the Board, Silver Fleet Motor Express, Inc., Louisville, Ky. . Alfred W. Cantwell, Director, First Aid, Water Safety and Acci dent Prevention, American National Red Cross, Washington, D. C Ray Carr, Advertising Counsel, Portland, Ore. E. J. Coupon, Assistant to tlse President, Scars Itoclaick and Co., Chicago, III. William L. Connolly, Director, Uureau of Lalior Standards, U. S. Department of Lalrnr, Washington, D. G _ Charles K. Cox, President, KcnnccoU Copper Corp., New York, N. Y. .. R. S. Damon, President, Trans World Airlines, Inc., Kansas City, Mo. . , . Ned H. Deariknin, President, National Safety Council, Chicago, HI. Gcoacc P. Delaney, International Representative, American Federa tion of Labor, Washington, D. C. Lawrence E. Dickson, President, Standard Safety Equipment Co., Chicago, III. ). Dewey IJoksett, General Manager, Association of Casually and Surety Companies, New York, N. Y. E. P. du Pont, Director, Employee Relations Department, E. I. (In Punt de Nemours & Co., Inc., Wilmington. Del. Wallace Falvey, President, Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Company, Huston, Mass. 8 National Safety Council tional Association of Manufacturers, New York, N. Y. 0. Gressens, Financial Vice-President, Tcabody Coal Co., Chicago, III. W. Earl Hall, Managing Kdilor, Mason City Globe-Gaicllc, Mason City, la. *Mtss Eleanor Howe, Editor in Giicf, "What's New in Home Eco nomics," Chicago, 111. Dr. Herold G Hunt, Gaicral Superintendent of Scltools, Giicago, 1IL George A. Jacory, Director of Personnel Services, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich. Mrs. George W. Jaqua, Safety Chairman, General Federation of Women's Clubs, Winchester, Ind. E. W. Kemiton, Assistant Vice-President, Industrial Relations, United States Steel Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. Walter G. King, New York, N. Y. Harold K. Kramer, Assistant Vice-President, The lloidt-u Company, New York, N. Y. Franklin M. Kreml, Director, Traffic Division, International Asso ciation of Giiefs of Police, Evanston, HI. Walter D. Lado, Manager, St. Joscpli Safety Council, St. Joseph, Mo. ` Iveb C. Larson, Executive Vice-President, San Francisco Giaptcr, National Safety Council, San F.-auciscn, Cal. Walter G. Lecce, President, Walter G. Lcggc Co., Inc., New York, N. Y. Boyd Lewis, Executive Editor, WEA-Acmc, New York, N. Y. Tiiomas II. MacDonald, Commissioner of Public Roads, Bureau of Public Roads, Department of Commerce, Washington, D, C. Miss Marion E. Martin, Commissioner of Lalmr atnl Industry, State of Maine, Augusta, Me. 1. W. Millard, President, Industrial Gloves ('nntimtiy, Danville, HI. Harry M. Moses, President, DitninitKHis l.'nal Operators' Association, Wasiiington, D. G . D. E. Mumford, Superintendent of Safely, New York Central Sys tem, New York, N. Y. IIallie L. Myers, Superintendent of Transportation, Indianapolis Railways, Inc., Indianapolis, Ind. Harry E. Neai, Chief Engineer, Division of Traffic and Safely, Ohio Department of Highways, Columbus, Ohio. Guv L. Noni.r, Managing Director, National CmnniiMrc on Hoys and Girls Club Work, Chicago, III. Henry E. North, Vicc-Prcsidcut, Mclrojtolilan Life Insurance Com pany, Sin F'rancisco, Cal. Clifton W. Piialf.n, Vice-President, Personnel Relations, Amciicau Telcplionc ami Telegraph Company, New York, N. Y. Resigned, October V, 1951. National Safety Council Annual Wallace R. Pnii.i.ii'S, President, Pyrene Manufacturing Company, Newark, N. J. Hairy M. Pontious, Director of Safety, Farm Bureau Mutual Auto* mobile Insurance CompaoiyCalumbus, Ohio. Gwilym A. Price, Preshtod, Wattmghause Electric Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa, Hairy Read, Executive Assistant to (lie Secretary-Treasurer, Con gress of Industrial Organizations, Washington, D. C. W. A. Roberts, President, Allis-Qubners Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wi*. Tvut S. Rocwi, Assistant to the Executive Vice-President, Owens- Coming Fiberglu Corporation, Toledo, Ohio. A. V. Rohweoer, Superintendent of Safety ft Welfare, Duluth, Mis- sabe ft Iron Range Railway Company, Duluth, Mum. Robert T. Ross, Manager, Employee Services, Industrial Relations, Feed Motor Company, Dearborn, Mich. Dr. K. Frances Scott, Associate Professor of Hygiene, Smith College, Northampton, Mass. Charles D. Shuman, President, Illinois Agricultural Association, Chicago, III. a Honorable Lee E. Skeel, Chief Justice, Court of Appeals of Ohio, Eighth Appellate District, Cleveland, Ohio. Robert R. Snoograss, President, Atlas Auto Finance Company, Atlanta, Ga. R. T. Soi.ensten, Vice-President, Elliott Service Coni|Miiy, Mount Vernon, N. Y. Leslie j. Sorenson, City Traffic Engineer, City of Chicago, Chicago, 1,1 . Dr. II. J. Stack, Director, Center for Safely Education, New York, N. Y. 4. W. A. Stewart, President, American Optical Company, Soullibridgc, Mass. Paul F. Sirickem, Executive Vice-President, Greater New York Safely Council, New York, N. Y. Dr. John W. Studeraker. Vice-President ami Chairman of the Edi torial Board, Scliolastic Magazines, New York, N. Y. J. E. Trainer, Vice-President and Production Manager, The Fire stone Tire ft Rubber Company, Akron, Oliio. Miss Juuitii Waij.er, Director of Public Adairs and Education, Na tional Broadcasting Company, Inc., Chicago, III. Dr. George M. Wheatley. Third Vice-President, Metropolitan Life insurance Company, New York, N. Y. W. O. Wilson, Manager of Safely, Standard Oil Co. (ind.), Chi cago, III. Dwigiit W. Winkei.man, President, D. W. Winkchnau Company, Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. Dr. William P. Yant, Director of Research & Development, Mine Safety Appliances Co , John T. Ryan Memorial laboratory, Pitts burgh, Pa. Haroui C. Zui-AUF, I laslings-on-l(udson, N. Y. 1(1 Minutes The 1951 Annual Council Meeting of the National Safety Council was held in the Grand Ballroom of the Stevens Hold, on October ft with Mr. Ned H. Dearborn, President, presiding. Following tlie singing of the National Anhon, tire invocation was odered by tlie Reverend Kenneth N. Hildebrand, Minister >f the Central Church of Chicago. After appropriate opening remarks, Prcsileflt Dearborn turned over the cliairntaniWp of tlie meeting to Mr. Qiarlcs R. Cox, President of the Kcnnccott Copper Corporaion, and Chairman of the Board of Dicctors of tlie National Safety Council. After a brief but sincere expression of this fundamental interest in the Council and Uhe safety movement, Mr. Cox proceeded with tlie business of (lie meeting by an nouncing a quorum present, in person or by uroxy. It was voted to dispense with tlie railing of the role; also to dispense with the reading of tlie minutes of the previous Mwual Meeting, the minutes having been Minted and circulated to tlie membership. Mr. Cox railed for the report of tlie Nominating Committee, which consisted of Ihe following members: George A. Jacoby, Chairman; Lawrence E. Dickson; Waller G. Lcggc; Miss Marion E. Martin; Guy L. Noble; Robert T. Ross; ami W. A. SlcwarL Mr. Jacoby reported in behalf of the Nominating Committee, pointing out that Ihe Constitution authorizes the committee to tame candidates for election to the Trustees, lo the Baird of Directors, and to all Offices swept tlie office of Executive Virc-Presiknt. The selections of the committee, Mr. |acoby stated, were rc|wrlcd to tlie Secre tary of the Council more Ilian 75 days lielore this meeting, and were announced to ill members of the Council on August 24, 951. Mr. Jacoby then presented as nominees oi Trustees of the Council, to lie elected for a three-year term: Melvin II. Baker, Cason J. Callaway, Clco P. Craig, Frederick C Crawford, Ricliard R. Denprce, Gustav Mctzmnn, Benjamin O'SItca, Tltomas I. Parkinson, Dr. John F. Thompson, C E. Wilson, and Clinrlcs Deere Wimnn. (Sec retary's Note: A complete list of the Trus tees, including those nominated and elected at this meeting, as well as those continuing in office from previous elections, is given on pages 6 ami 7 of this volume.) Mr. Jacoliy presented nominations for Di rectors, to be elected for a term of one-year. (Secretary's Note: A list of the new Board of Directors, as nominated and elected at this meeting, will lie found on |iagcs 8, 9 and 10 of this volume.) Mr. Jacoby presented nomiiiatHiiis fur Of ficers of the Council. In doing so, lie stressed (he Council's appreciation to four men wlto are retiring from their offices this year, namely. Dr. D. II. Armstrong, Vice President for Homes; Kenneth B. Column, Vice-President for Local Safely Organiza tions; E. W. Kcmpton, Vicc-Presnlent for Membership; and Dr. John VV. Stndclinkcr, Vicc-Prcshlcnt fur Sclmnls and College*. (Secretary's Note: A fist of Ihe Office'* nominated and elected at this meeting will be found on page 5 of this volume.) There were on nominations except lltosc presented hy Mr. Jacoliy, and Mr. Cox announced that the entire proxy vote, num bering 10,781, was cast in favor of the nominees proposed hy the Nominating Com mittee. Those attending the meeting also voted without dissent in favor of the nom inations presented. _ Mr. Cox referred In the Imoklrt "The bight for Life," which had licrn distrilmte:! lo those attending the meeting, The booklet contained a summary of Council activities during the past year. Announcement was also made that the 1952 National Safety Congress would lie held in Chicago Oc tober 20 21. '*' Officers of the national Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, III.; GEORGE E. HUM PHRF.Y, Safely Director, Cadillac Motor Car Division, General Motors < nriwralion. Detroit, Mich. AUTOMOTIVE AND MACHINE SHOP SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Ch*tirmun--I*. II. HUMPHREYS, Manager, Properly Dc|Kirlmcnt, American Car A Foundry Company, New York, N. Y. Vice-Chairman--E. CLARK WOOIiwA KI), Director o( Safely, A. O. Smilli Corpora tion, Milwaukee, Wis. Serretary--EDWARD C. IIOLTZMAN, Manager Safely & Medical Service. Wagner Electric Corporation, Si. Louis, Mo. I'rmjrum Chairman--FRED G. YELTON, Director of Safely, Ikho Keiny Division, (CHtfal Motors (*or|Niralitm, Anderson, lint. - hngmeering J,lethods & i'ruteJures Committer--Chairman: C. J. PETERSON, Safely Supervisor, Plymouth Motors Division, Chrysler Corp., Detroit, Midi; W. J. WALLS, Safety Director, Burroughs Adding Machine Company, Detroit, Mich.; M. P. IRANCARDI, Manager, Health A Safety Department, Allis Chalmers Mfg. Company, Mil waukee, Wis.; WALTER IIAAG, Safely Supervisor, Serve!, lue., Evansville, Ind.; R. D. HARVEY, Safely Engineer, The Murray Corporation of America, Detroit, Mkli.j DAVID T. MOULD, Safely Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Midi.; II. J. PKOVOLNY, Personnel Supervisor, Detroit Diesel Engine Division, General Motors Corporation, Wayne, Mich.; EDGAR O. PRANGE, Safely Director, Hcsdil Products Division, Uemlix Aviation Corporation, South Hcml, lud.; EDWARD D. RAIIDE, Suficrvisor of Safety, Weslingliousc Air Brake CNii|iany, Air Brake Division, WiUncnliug, Pa.; WILLIAM S. SMITH, Dim-lor of Safety, Ford Motor Company, Dearlmnt, Mich.; GERALD C. SQUIKK, Assistant Safely Engineer, Chrysler Division, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. ' Health Maintenance Committee--Chairman: FRANK A. PAlfY, Industrial Hygiene Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; O. C. HOILEAll, Manager, Health and Insurance Section, RCA Victor Division, Radio Corp. of America, * am- den, N. J.; LESTER V. CRALLEY, Industrial llygicnisl, At.... . Com|*anj id r America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; W. G. HAZARD, Industrial Hygienist, Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Toledo, Ohio.; N. V. HENDRICKS, Director, Industrial Hygiene Section, Medical Research Division, Standard Oil Development Company, Linden, *i N. J.; E. A. IRVIN, M.D., Medical Director, Cadillac Motor Car Division, (irneral } Motors Cori*oraliiKt, Detroit, Mich.; W. W. JUCZ, M.D., Assistant Medieal Dirt-elm, Chrysler Cor|K>ration, Detroit, Mich.; JOHN LISKOW, Chief Engineer, Dust Control Division, American Air Filler Co., Inc., First A Central Avenues, Louisville, Ky.; .j E L. WALSH, M.D., Assistant Medical Director, lulernalionul Harvester Co., Chi cago, III. Membership Committee--Chairman: G. A. SNYDER, Supervisor, Safety A Sanitation, ", Allis Chalmers Manufacturing Company, LaPorlc, lnd.; VV. E. GRUBER, Assistant } Chief Safety Euginccr, Standard Accident Insurance Company, Detroit, Midi.; PAUL i F. HUNGER, Safely Director, Frigidairc Division, General Molms torp. Dayton. Ohio; JAMES A. DOWNEY, Jr, Director, Personnel A Safety, Sloss-Slicllicbl Steel ; A lrHi Company, Birmingham, Ala.; I.EUill GREENE, Safely Director, The . Oliver Corporation, Charles City, la.; KENNETH S. HKlJGES, Assoc. Safely Diiee- tor, General Molors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; ARNOLD J. SCHICK, Safely Dim:f c lor, McCord Corporation, Dclroil, Mich. ' Staff Representative--ARTHUR S. KELLY', National Safely Council. Chicago. lidnealion and Training Committee--Chairman: H. M. HUNTINGTON, Works Safety Supervisor, International Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, 111.; News Letter Editor: JOHN E. KANE, Supervisor of Safety, Ternstedt Division, General Motor* Corp, Trenton, N. J.; F. W. F1SKE, Safety Director, The Hrcurr-Titchcucr Corporation, Cortland, N. Y.; C. C. DRAKE, Safety Director, The Oliver Corporation, South Bend, lnd.; S. B. HOPPING, Assistant Manager, Safely A Claims, American Car It Foundry Company, New York, N. Y.; A. N. CHAPMAN, Safely Supervisor, Pralt-Whitney Aircraft Division, United Aircraft Corporation, East Hartford, Conn.; E. I. JACOBY, Works Safety Supervisor, International Harvester Company, Refrig eration Division, Evansville, lud.; WILLARD A. KERR, Assoc. Professor of Psy chology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, III.; PAUL KRAMOS, Chief Safety Engineer, Butler Manufacturing Company, Kansas City, Mo.; T. R. LEADHEATER, Safety Director, Ford Instrument Company, Division-Sperry Corp., Long Island City, N. Y.; F. B. McNAMEE, Safety Director, Clayton A Lambert Manu facturing Company, Louisville. Ky.; WM. J. NE1DERAUER, Safely Director, Otis Elevator Company, New York, N, Y.; W, F. SHERMAN, Training Uirerinr, Inter- i 22 Cement and Quarry Industries under llic &liade of a convenient elm tree. In any event, it should be appropriate, and due consideration should be given to the type of instruction which is to be given and the comfort of tlse employees. As I mentioned a few minutes ago, some tliought should certainly be given to lire question of who needs training. A certain percentage of your employees can be de pended upon to show up for work day after day and month after month. Perhaps this is SO per cent and perhaps it is 90 per cent. The remaining 10 per cent or SO per cent are the drifters down to a warmer climate H-bf lire wind starts getting cold. Any training program must be flexible enough In include both of these groups and to keep both of ilrcin interested. The job is not a simple one, but it is not impossible eitlter. Very little that is new can be said oa the subject of training programs. The banc principles have existed for years, and the programs which have followed these prinri|det lave been successful. Tlie failures have resulted when these principles were ignored. The safely engineer or safety di rector has avaibble all the necessary tools and materials to solve this problem as wett as nearly all tire others which lie may en counter. The wise safely man will avail himself of these tools which, if used prop-' crly, will assure him of success in his work. I Officers of the CEMENT AND QUARRY SECTION NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 General Chairman-- LEA l\ WARNER, JR., Warner ('um|iany, I'hiln'klphia, l'a* Viet-Chairnum--M. C. M. I'OI.I.AK 11. National (ypsnm Cnni|ismy, Hnffabi. N. Y. Secretary-- KKNT J ANUER, National Lime Association, Washington, I). C. New Letter Editor--SEYMOUR . FLEMING, New York Trap Rock Corporation. Newburgh, N. Y. Engineering Committee Chairman--L. D. COWLING, Louisville Cement Corporation, Speed, Iml. Membership Committee Chairman--T. W. JONKS, New Haven Trap Rock Company, New Haven, Conn. Proprow Committee Chairman--HARVEY 1*. YOTTER, The General Crushed Slone Company, Easton, Pa. SfdfufiVr Committee Chairman--FORREST T. MOYER, U. S. Ilurean of Mines, Wash ington, D. C. Visual Aid Committee Chairman--H. (!. COLLINS, Lehigh Portland Cement Company, Allculown, Pa. Members-at-Large--V. P. A1IKARN, National Sami ft (travel Associalion, Washington, D. C.; li. W. IIAUMAN, National Slag Association, Washington, I). C.; J. R. BOY I), National Cruslied Slone Association, Washington, D. C; *l\ .1. BUFFINGTON, New York Trap Rock Corporation, Newburgh, N. Y.j *P. N. IIUSHNKLL, Univer sal Atlas Cement Company, New York, N. Y.; R. K. COPELAND, National Con crete Masonry Association, ('liiragn, HI.; A. J. K. CURTIS, Pnrtlaml Cement Associa tion, Chicago, III.; E. R. DriTOK, Tlie Kelley Islaml Lime A Transport Com|*any, Cleveland, Ohio; *0. M. Graves, Tlie General Crushed Stone Company, Easton, Pa.; C A. GUSTAFSON, Tlie Callanau Road Improvement Company, South Bethlehem, - N. Y.; A. HERZOG, Keystone Sand and Gravel C>mi|any, PitlslHirgli, Pa.; (VAN LeGORE, Portland Cement Association, Chicago, III.'; JOHN MATIIKR, Lone Star Cement Corporation, New York, N.y.; '.PjOHAN NORVIG, Pennsylvania Dixie Cement Corporation, Nazareth, Pa.; WALTER J. SCA1ULL, Missouri Portland Cement Company, St. Louis, Mo.; LOYD YEAGF.R, Gypsum Association, Chicago, III.; W. 1C. WING, Marhlrhcad Lime Chicago, III. Staff Representative--G. G. GRIEVE, National Safety C Past General Chairman. 0003 1.? #i Officers of the .'jiSliliilicT and Contest Committee--M. A. SNELL (Chairman), Hartford Accident and Indcnutity Co.. Hartford, Conn.; G. C. HENDERSON, Carbide ft Carlmn Chemicals CHEMICAL SECTION Corp., Paducah, Ky. Fertiliser /mfa.</rv Committee--I. S. FI ELDS (Chairman), Phillips Chemical Co., Bar NATIONAL SAFETY COUNCIL 1951-52 tlesville, Okla ; .1. F.. SMITH, Spcnccr Chemical Co.. Pittsburgh, Ka*.; VFRNON S. CORN TO, Smith-Dauglas* Co, Inc., Norfolk, Va. ienerol CAoiVnioii--J. R. BOLLMAN, The Procter ft Gamble Co., Ivorydalc, Cincin nati, Ohio. I'ict-Chairman in Charge of Program--J. E. NICHOLS, Reynolds Metals Co., Rich-, mond, Va. Secretory--E. J. MEYERS, Safety & Fire Protection Div, E. I. da Ptgtt de Nemours, ft Co, Inc, VVilminfton, Del. Advisory Committee--U. H. ALHISSER, Merck fc Co, Rahway, N. J.; A. I.. COMII, Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, N. Y.; R. O. KEEFER, Aluminum Co. of America, .Pittsburgh, IV; S. M. MacCUTCHEON. The Dow Chemical Co, Midland, Mich.; . H. L. MINER, Philadelphia, IV; COL. R. C. STRATTON, Tlic Travelers Insnry ance Com|anics, Hartford. Conn, Stag Refresentati >e--FLOYD A. VAN ATTA. National Safety Council, Chicago. News fatter Committee--G. L. GORBELL (Qiairman), Monsanto Qiemical Co, St. ' Louis, Mo.; V. R. CROSWELL, Hercules Powder Co, Inc, Wilmington, Del.; C. A. HEBERT. Ethyl Corp, Baton Rouge, La.; ANDREW RITTER, Hercules Experi mental Station, Wilmington, Del.; S. F. SPENCE, American Cyanamid Co, New! York, N. Y. Engineering Committee--E. G. MEITER (Chairman), Employers Mutuals, Milwaukee, Wis.; P. C LAMB, Lever Brothers Co, New York, N. Y.; D. O. MASON. Gen eral Chemical Div, Allied Chemical ft Dye Corp, New York, N. Y.; H. F. REIN- . HARD. Union Carbide ft Carbon Corp, New York. N. Y.; J. J. WHALEN, Solvay Process Div, Allied Qiemical ft Dye Corp, Solvay, New York. Public Relations Committee--1C R. WALLACE (Cliainnan), Eastman Kodak Co, Roch ester, N. Y.; R. G. WHEELDON, The Drackclt Co, Cincinnati, Ohio. ftoto Sheet and Instruction Curd Committee--R. S. MACKIE (Chairman), (fcneral 0 Electric Co, Nela Park, Cleveland, Ohio; G. R. CUMMINGS, Eli Lilly ft Co, Indianapolis, Ind.; FRANK GAUGUSH, Slierwin-Williams Co, Chicago, III.; ROB ERT L. HOUTZ, Post Safety Ofhccr, Army Chemical Center, Md.; J. A. TARDIFF, Honker Electrocliemical Co, Niagara Falls, N. Y. Ileoltk Committee--S. W. GURNEY (Qiairman), Liberty Mutual Insurance Co, Boston, Mass.; R. L. ALLINSON, Texas Div, The Dow Qiemical Co, Freeport, Texas; MER- - KIL EISENBUD, Dir. of Health ft Safety Div, Atomic Energy Commission, Ansonia Station, New York, N. Y.; DR. LEONARD GREENDUKG, Div. of Industrial Hygiene ft Safety Standards, Stale of New York, Dept, of Labor, New York, N. Y.; T. W. NALF, M. D, Union Carbide ft Carbon Corp, New York, N. Y.; II. H. SCI1RENK, Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pittsburgh Pa. * Membership Committee--W. W. FLANAGAN (Chairman), Atlas Powder Co, Wil mington, Del; J. E. SMITH, Spencer Chemical Co, Pittsburg, Kas.; S. D. SALTONSTALL, Celancse Corp. of America, Oisltop, Texas. Poster and Visual Aids Committee--II. II. FAWCETT (Chairman), Research Laboratory, General Electric Co, Schenectady, N. Y.; D. W. GIOSON, Safety Supvr, Pittsburgh Plate Gbps Co, Columbia Chemical Div, Barberton, Ohio. . 62 63