Document LKDEVGkx1w4vNpoG42vY1Kr8b

[AMERICAN NATIONAL] VBHSTANDAflDMV ASTM C 428 - 80 AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS 1916 Race St., Philadelphia, Pa. 19103 Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Copyright ASTM If not listed in the current combined index, will appear in the next edition. Standard Specification for ASBESTOS-CEMENT NONPRESSURE SEWER PIPE1 Thi' standard is issued under the llted designation C 42* the number mimedutcls lolloping the dcMgnjiton indicates the sear ot original adoption or. in the case ot res ision. the sear ol last res i-uon A number in parentheses indicates the sear ol'ljsi reapprosal This specification has been approved for use b\ agencies oj the Department oj Defense and lor listing m the DoD Index a/ Specifications and Standards 1. Scope 1.1 This specification covers asbeslos-cement nonpressure sewer pipe for conveying sanitary sewage in gravity-flow systems. Note 1 --Rubber rings suitable for use wuh this pipe are covered in ASTM Specification D 1869. for Rubber Rings for Asbestos-Cement Pipe.' 2. Classification 2.1 Asbestos-cement pipe furnished under this specification shall be designated as Classes 1500, 2400, 3300. 4000. 5000. 6000. and 7000 based on the respective crushing strengths, and shall be furnished in the fol lowing sizes: CIjis Nominal Size. Diameter, m I 500 2400 3300 4000 5000 6000 7000 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16 8,10, 12,14,15,16,18,20,21,24 8, 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 30 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, 42 36 , 39,42 36,39,42 Note 2--Sizes 4, 5. and 6 in diameters in classes 1500. 2400, and 3300 are covered by ASTM Specification C 644. Asbesios-Cemenl Nonpressure Small-Diameter Sewer Pipe.2 2 2 The types of pipe shall be known as Type I and Type II corresponding to the chemical requirements' in Section 9 of this specification. Note 3--To assist the purchaser in choosing the type ot pipe most suitable for his use, guidelines for the definition of aggressiveness of water and of soil environments for selection of the proper type of asbestos-cement pipe are covered in Sections 19 to 25 of ASTM Methods C 500, Testing As bestos-Cement Pipe.2 3. Definitions 3.1 pipe--asbestos cement nonpressure sewer pipe as defined in Sections 1. 2. and 4 3 2 coupling -- a section for joining as bestos-cement pipe that, when properly in stalled with the proper accessories, develops a joint equivalent in strength and serviceability to the pipe sections. 3.3 finings--fittings such as wyes, tees, adaptors, etc., for use in laying asbestos-ce ment nonpressure sewer pipe as described in Section 4, made to such dimensions us will provide equivalent strength and tight joints when assembled with the pipe. 3 4 purchaser--the actual purchaser of the pipe or his authorized agents acting within the scope of the duties entrusted to them 3.5 Lor. 3 5.1 A Tot as used herein for pipe 21 in (533 mm) in diameter and smaller is de fined as each 300 lengths of pipe or less, of identical class and size manufactured on each machine during a 24-h period. 3.5.2 A lot as used herein for pipe larger than 21 in. (533 mm) in diameter is defined as each 300 lengths of pipe or less, of identical 1 This specification is under the jurisdiction ol ASTM Committee C-17 on Asbestos-Cement Products Currenl edition approved April 25. 1480 Published June 1480 Originally published as C 428 - 54 T Last previous edition C 428 - 78. Annual Bouk oj 4STW Standards. Part lb. Annual Book of -ISTV/ Standard' Pari' ib and 38 I CTD031475 C 428 class and size manufactured on each machine during a period of consecutive working days not exceeding 7 days. 4. Manufacture 4.1 Asbestos-cement sewer pipe shall be composed of an intimate mixture of Portland cement or portland-blast furnace slag cement and asbestos fiber with or without silica; or portland-pozzolan cement and asbestos fiber; and the mixture shall be free of organic addi tives. The material shall be of laminar con struction formed under pressure to a homoge neous structure and cured to meet the physical and chemical requirements of this specifica tion. 5. Joint Tightness 5.1 The tests outlined in this section are considered to be one-time qualification tests to establish the adequacy of the manufac turer's joint design. Instead of requiring per formance of these tests, the purchaser may require the manufacturer to certify that pipes and couplings equivalent in material and de sign have passed the tests enumerated in this section. At his own expense, however, the purchaser, by designation with his order, may require that assembled pipes and couplings pass the following performance tests without leakage: 5.1.1 Straight Alignment--A hydrostatic pressure test shall be made on an assembly of two sections of pipe, properly connected with a coupling in accordance with the joint design. An equivalent alternative may be a single pipe with a coupling on each end. The assembly shall be subjected to an internal hydrostatic pressure 10 psi (69 kPa) for 10 min. Any visible water leakage shall be considered a failure of the test requirements. 5 1.2 Maximum Deflected Position--Upon completion of the lest for pipes in straight alignment in accordance with 5.1.1, deflect the test sections 5 deg for 12 in. (305 mm) and smaller diameters and 3 deg for 14 in. (356 mm) and larger diameters (with one half of the deflection being between each pipe and the coupling) and subject n to an internal hydrostatic pressure of 10 psi (69 kPa) for 10 min Any visible water leakage shall be considered a failure of the test requirement 5 2 Test one sample" of at least one size unless some other arrangement is made with the purchaser by designation with his order. At the option of the purchaser, the sample of the pipes and couplings to be tested may be selected by him. 6. Flexural Strength ( 6.1 Each standard length of pipe in size 8 in. (203 mm) shall have sufficient flexural strength to withstand, without failure, the total load prescribed in Table I, when tested in accordance with Section 8 of ASTM Methods C 500. 7. Crushing Strength 7.1 Crushing tests shall be conducted before shipment. A 1 -ft (0.305-m) length of pipe cut from an unmachined portion of the pipe shall have the minimum crushing strength pre scribed in Table 2. when tested in accordance with Section 11.3 of Methods C 500. 8. Couplings 8.1 The couplings, when assembled on pipe, shall be capable of withstanding simultane ously: 8.1.1 The minimum crushing strength in pounds-force per linear foot prescribed in Ta ble 2, when tested in accordance with 11.3 of Methods C 500 and 8.1.2 The hydrostatic pressure test de scribed in 5.1.1 of this specification. 9. Chemical Requirements 9.1 When tested in accordance with Sec tions 17 and 18 of Methods C 500. the amount of uncombined calcium hydroxide shall not exceed 1.0 percent for Type 11 pipe. Note 4--There are no chemical requirements for Type I pipe. 10. Sampling 10.1 Test all material under this specifica tion in a normal air-dried condition. 10.2 Each standard length of pipe in size 8 in. (203.2 mm) shall be tested in flexure by the manufacturer prior to shipment in accord ance with Section 8 of Methods C 500. 10.3 For crushing tests, select one full length of pipe from each lot of each size, class, and type of pipe covered by the order Cut one test specimen 12 in. (304.8 mm) long from the unmachined portion of the selected | * j j *I 2 CTD031476 length of pipe. 10, 4 When uncombined calcium hydroxide tests are requested (Section 9), take one sample from each lot of pipe. The sample to he tested may be taken from any one of the specimens selected for the crushing test. 11. Sizes and Dimensions 11 I Couplings and coupling areas of pipe shall be machined or otherwise finished to such dimensions as will provide tight joints when assembled with proper, accessories and put into service for which the pipe is intended. 11.2 The average diameter may be less than the nominal by not more than 11 in. (6.4 mm) or I 1 > percent, whichever is the greater. 11.3 The standard length of 8-in. (203mm) diameter pipe may be 10 or 13 ft I in. (3.04 or 3.96 m 25.4 mm). The standard length of 10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42-in. diameter pipe shall be 13 ft 1 in. (3.96 m 25.4 mm). At least 85 percent of the total footage of any one class, type, and size, excluding short lengths, shall be furnished in standard lengths. The remaining 15 percent may be in random lengths of not less than 7 ft (2.13 m). Short lengths specifically ordered for use in making rigid connection to manholes or other struc tures shall not exceed 6 ft 9 in. (2.06 m). 12. Workmanship and Finish 12 I Machined ends of the pipe that receive 'he coupling shall be free of dents and gouges , mat will affect the tightness of the joint. 12.2 Each pipe shall be free of bulges, dents, and tears in the inside surface that re sult in a variation of more than Us in. (4.8 mm) from that obtained on adjacent unaf1 fected portions of the surface. 1 12.3 Each length of pipe shall not vary in f straightness by more than 0.05 in./ft (4.17 I mm/m) of length when the variation is meusI ured in accordance with Section 13 of Methods C 500. 13. Marking and Shipping ^ 13 1 Each standard and random length of pipe shall be marked by the manufacturer with the trade name, nominal size, class, and the date of manufacture. Each coupling sleeve i shall be marked by the manufacturer with the nominal size and class for the pipe with which C 428 it shall be used. 13.2 Pipe and couplings shall be prepared for commercial shipment so as to ensure ac ceptance by common or other carriers. 14. Inspection and Rejection 14.1 All material furnished under this spec ification shall conform to the requirements stated herein and shall be subjected to the fac tory inspection and tests prescribed in this specification. When requested by the pur chaser on his order, the manufacturer shall notify the purchaser of the time that the inspection and testing will take place so that the purchaser may arrange for witnessing such tests and inspections at his own expense. In lieu of such inspection, when requested, the manufacturer shall be prepared to certify that his product conforms to the requirements of this specification. 14.2 Each pipe and coupling shall be in spected by the manufacturer, before shipment, for compliance with the standards for dimen sions. tolerances, and workmanship and finish (see Section 10). 14.3 Failure of any specimen tested for crushing strength to withstand 75 percent of the load specified in Section 7 shall be cause for rejection of the lot from which the test specimen was taken. When any specimen tested for crushing strength withstands over 75 percent but under 100 percent of the load specified in Section 7, one specimen shall be cut from each of two additional pipes of the same lot. Failure of either of these additional specimens to meet the strength requirements of Section 7 shall be cause for rejection of the entire lot from which the original sample was taken. 14.4 If the results of the uncombined cal cium hydroxide test show the sample failed to meet the specification requirements, two addi tional specimens shall be selected and sam pled for test. The failure of one of these two additional samples to meet the specification requirements of Section 9 shall be cause for rejection of the lot 15. Field Performance and Acceptance 15.1 All field assembled joints for asbestoscement nonpressure sewer pipe shall meet the requirements set forth in 15.5 for infiltration/exfiltration. 3 CTD031477 C 428 15.2 Base measurements on a segment of sewer line between two consecutive manholes or other similar increment of distance, rather than taken from a single joint. 15.3 Before the sewer line is backfilled and tested, inspect the pipe line for proper bedding to assure uniform support of the pipe, and the absence of high points and irregularities which induce beam and shear loadings on the pipe. 15.4 Perform final acceptance testing on the sewer line after the final backfilling has been completed. 15.5 The infiltralion/exfiltration of the in stalled pipe shall not exceed 0.079 gal/in. of internal pipe diameter per 100 ft of pipelines per hour (0.1177 litre/cm of internal pipe diameter per 30.5 m of pipelines per hour), where the maximum hydrostatic head at the center line of the pipe does not exceed 25 ft (7.63 m) (corresponds to 100 gal/in. of pipe diameter per mile per 24 h (149 litres/cm pipe diameter per mile per 24 h.)) ^ Note 5--Where infiltration/exfiltration tests are specified and the acceptance of a sewer line is dependent upon a satisfactory test, it should he recognised that leakage may occur at several loca tions beside the pipe joints. Manhole bases. Malls, and connections to sewer lines must be tight Fittings, including cjpped or plugged tees and wxes must be properly braced to prevent movement Irom ihrust action; and. where used for vertical risers or sewer chimneys, proper support must he provided beneath the piping to withstand the greater trans muted earth and surface loads SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS The following supplementary requirements shall apply when material is supplied under this specification for U.S. Government procurement. SI. Packaging SI .1 Unless otherwise specified in the con tract, the material shall be packaged in ac cordance with the producer's standard practice which will be acceptable to the carrier at lowest rates. Containers and packing shall comply with Uniform Freight Classification Rules' or National Motor Freight Classifica tion Rules.* Marking for shipment of such material shall be in accordance with Fed. Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL-STD-129 for military agencies. assure compliance with the requirements specified herein. Except as otherwise speci fied in the contract or order, the producer may use his own or any other suitable facilities for the performance of the inspection and test requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by the purchaser. The purchaser shall have the right to perform any of the inspections and tests set forth in this specifica tion where such inspections are deemed necessary to assure that material conforms to prescribed requirements. S2. Responsibility for Inspection S2.1 Unless otherwise specified in the con tract or purchase order, the producer is responsible for the testing of all material to 3 Available from the Uniform Classification Commis sion, Room 1106, 222 S. Riverside Plaza, Chicago, III. 60606. * Available from National Motor Freight Inc.. 1616 P St., N.W., Washington, D C 20036. , Nominal Size, in X x Pipe Length, ft 10 i3 TABLE ( Applied Flexural Proof Loads Test Span, ft Total Applied Load. Ibf (kN) Clash 1500 Gass 2400 Class 3300 9 2700 (12 0) 3000 (13 3) 3900 (I - 3i i: 2025 (9 01 2250 (10 0) 2925 (H0) 4 CTD031478  c 428 TABLE 2 Minimum Crushing Loud Pipe Class Crushing Strength. Ibf/fi (IcN/m) 1 500 2400 3300 4000 5000 6000 7000 1500 (21.8) 2400 (35 0) 3300 (48.0) 4000 (58.2) 5000 (72 8) 6000 (87.4) 7000 (102 0) APPENDIX XI. SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS XII It is suggested to the purchaser, without being made a part of this specification, that the pur chaser may request inclusion of the following in formation in his order or agreement for purchase of the pipe: XI.I I An\ tests, in addition to those prescribed by this specification, as the special circumstances may require, XI.I 2 The place or places where any additional tests are to be made. XI.1.3 Description of the additional testing facil ities. X1. 1.4 Who shall bear the expense of such addi tional tests, XI.1.5 Whether such additional tests may be made by any sound sampling process or other method approved by the parties, and XI. 1.6 Such other matters as the parties may find desirable to include in their written agreement. The American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position (espectmg the validity of any patent rights asserted tn connection with any item mentioned in this standard Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of such rights, u entirely their own responsibility. This standard ts subject to revision at any time bv the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to A STM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend. If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards, IVI6 Race St., Philadelphia. Pa. IVfO.l. which will schedule a further hearing regarding your comments. Failing satisfaction there. you may appeal to the A STM Board of Directors. 5 CTD031479