Document LK3RMDv1280B43weJw4p6N7N5
Et iiy l Ga s o l in e Co r p o r a t io n
Ch e mic a l Re s e a r c h La b o r a t o r y 160013311= irEST Eig h t Mil e Ro a d
De t r o it , Mic h ig a n
January 28, I9I+I
Dr. Robert A. Kehoe College of Medicine University of Cincinnati Cincinnati, Ohio
Dear Dr. Kehoe
Enclosed please find a copy of our report, "Operation of a Gasoline Stove on Leaded Fuel."
Very truly yours
HAB:JH Enel.
Harold A. Beatty
LTD gDl-p 363~X?~21,22 end 2k- 28 H. R. Deal l-2;-5-ip. Anproved b~r__ /An.f&jl
OPERATION OF A GAoGLIDE bTGVE OR L-ADoD FULL
PURPOSE
Tests of the TJ.S. Array Gasoline Field Ran/.: were made using leaded fuel (1) to study the performance, of the fire unit in'opera tion, (2) to determine the effectiveness of the filter for the re moval of lead, and (3) to study the location and amount of deposits and the ease of their removal. .
COITCLUoIORS
1. The instructions furnished (see Bibliography) for the operation and maintenance of the stove are adequate, and if they are followed, the performance is reasonably satisfactory.
2* About 6zf-, of the lead input is removed by the filter disk,
and 10'e by other parts of the stove. Of the remaining 287; which escapes into the air, 6$ or 1.6?> of the input is denosited on the surface of a water-filled kettle placed on the stove.
3. The deposits are largely lead salts rather than gum. Gum solvents, such as a mixture of equal parts of benzene and acetone, are effective in removing the {gam present, dot 200 ammonium acetate is recommended as an effective, non-corrosive reagent for the removal of the lead salts, to supplement the specified mechanical cleaning operation.
IFTRODUCTIOIJ
The Jeffersonville (Ind.) <.uartormaster Depot has de signed a Field Range (Model of 1937) to porform cooking operations using oithor loaded or unleaded fuel. The fire unit parts include pressure tanks for fuel and air pretested at 25 lb., a pressure gauge, valves for fuel, air, and flame control, a combined genera tor and filter for vaporizing the fuel and removing the lead, and a burner. The fuel tank volume is l gallons, which is sufficient
to operate the unit ^-6 hrs*
OPJiRATION
The fire unit of the above described Field Range was sot up in an outside shed and tested by a series of 7 runs. The
best operating pressure was ^0~Lo lb. which minimizes the surging
resulting from the automatic check valve in the fuel line (this is designed to cut off the flow in case of a break in the line). Except during the warming-up period, /the burner will run without attention, other than that every 30-60 minutes the setting of the flame valve has to be increased..
K& 0009629
In starting the operation, the air pressure is raised to 4.0 lb., the air. fuel, end flame valves nro opened one-half turn, and the burner ia lighted. As the generator is heated, the primary air is reduced by the valve until after about two minutes no air is flowing The fuel Is fed under prossuro to the generator, vaporised, partly cracked, filtered to remove lead, passed to the flame valve where the rate, of flow is controlled, -mixed with secondary air, and fed to the burner surface where combustion occurs.
Satisfactory operation of the stove can be had only at the price of a certain 'amount of "preventive maintenance13 which includes (1) change of filter and filling of fuel tank every 4 hrs., (2) cleaning of generator, flame valve, and burner every 12 lirs., (3) lapping-in of ground joints, change of valve packing, and pickling of burner to remove rust, when necessary, and (4) cleaning of tanks and tubing with gun solvent, when necessary.
Care should be taken that all connections are drawn tight; otherwise a serious fire may result from the ignition of fuel flowing from a leaky connection.
The required "preventive maintenance" was performed in Funs 1, 2, 3, and 6 except that only one filter was used in funs 1 and 2. It is therefore noteworthy that all the "emergency maintenance" and "troubles" occurred In Runs L- 5> und 7 whore "preventive maintenance" wa3 confined to a change of filter disks every four hours.
The points at which a breakdown most frequently occurs ore the following;
(1) Flame valve jet, socket, or stem may become plugged or coated with deposit resulting in a luminous flame at burner.
(2) Inlet and outlet tubes of the filter case and the snail generator tube-may become constricted owing to build-up of deposit.
(p) Filter case ground joint will leak with resultant faulty operation.
(4) Filter disk is good for only four hours, after which rate of flow is reduced.
The lead analysis of the deposits found in Run 2 Is set down as typical of what may be expected from this unit:
Locu3 of Deposit
Burner surface Filter Case Filter Disk Generator Tubes Flame Valve Kettle
Total --Estimated.
Weight of , Lead. mg.
1 229 2552
23 20
2892
Percentage < Lead Incut
0.0 5.6 62.7 0.6 0.5 1.6*
71.0
^ 0009830
Lata on the fuels usee in the runs are given bo I
f'.iel
Can
r\''X!*. 9 . v // ,*-1 e* "*j a ; T-iv
70/k 7 Flaid
T--',>^J1* y f`.'.`.t-Ly+--tS}.
Percent
or 100 *il Olefine
Fug Lab < Ho ."dent iff oat 1 on
a
O.uG
0
2^.9-UoD
R.C. Base
/- `-I'If ~ 1^
2ii.9-j4.0D
K > C o Bass
6
69
217-Il OD
S.O.IJ.J. Fuel 3
rH Oj rH C\J iH CV|
3o23) 3,23)
349-37
Leonard KefoCo.
3 !>-!-) )
3,21) ;p o20)
sO-rM"
297-40D Sa 0- S"4i,f'O--D>
Pure Oil 3,0. OMo
/.STM High Temperature D:l a solved C-ura.
Try rp>_* - J. J > - W J--1
The data are presented in the -Table below and in the Torn of comments on the individual run.
K 0Q09G31
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0009632
5*
Rvn 1, Purposes Preliminary run to obtain experience. Tlie unit, which had previously been used elsewhere, was mechani cally cleaned before and after the run, using the cleaning hey.
Jet reamer, wire brush, and burner knife supplied for this purpose.
Run 2. Purpose: Endurance test to determine how long
stove would operate without a filter change. Conclusions Hot more than 7 hours.
Purpose: To determine the lead in the two halves of the filter disk. Conclusion: Since the newer (outlet) half
contains 1051 mg. lead, and the lower (inlet)" half, 1501 mg., it appears that the filter is not thick or dense enough.
Unit was mechanically cleaned after the run.
Run 5 Purpose: To obtain additional quantitative data on a run with a regular lp-hr. change of filter disks. Unit was mechanically cleaned.
Run 14.. Purpose: To determine the point at which the
stove fails when improperly operated. The filter disks were changed regularly, but no other preventive maintenance was performed. The fuel was fed at such a fast rata that scot collected or-the kettle.
At 20F., and in another run at 6F. , the gasoline failed to vaporize nroporly in starting so that liquid fuel even tually overflowed fro;.: the mixing chamber with the consequent hazard of fire. If the fuel is shut off and the air increased, enough vapor -will be picked up. to run the stove a short time, but when the volatile portion is used; un more fuel'will have to be run in. The procedure is then repeated, and; the unit will run longer, being warmer, and eventually will be "generating" its own gas. At this r-.oint enough heat is produced, .to cause the fuel in the mixing chamber to vaporize gradually. About 15 minutes time and much pumping may be required.
Fuel j is a special fuel used in knock tests, and it is'believed that less trouble will be encountered with a regular winter gasoline, oven at the above temperatures
After the regular mechanical cleaning the
generator was washed with hot 20p ammonium acetate. The latter
operation removed ^h.6 mg. lead, or about 5$ of the total recovery.
Pun 5 Purpose? Breakdown tost as' in Run lj..
The unit operated better and for a longer period than previously, which is attributed bo the chemical cleaning in Run I4..
the botto.
The best reagent or removing the deposit from the copper kettle we. act io;- IIClo
KJ~ 0QQ3G33
Tiie data he lev/ show no discernible trend in tb efi'iciency of the filter during the run:
Period,hr
L.per hr.
Pb retained us u-.o dChl *, \ * by filter,g.
Kecovery
0
H
*i
$
8-12 12-16 16-20 20-212l|.-27
I4.000
I4-530 i|-560 I4.380 b.560
b.330 3160
TOTAL 27
29,320
Aver age.
,,L 0 00 loll* 1.09 1.10 1.34 1.08 1.05
1.09c-
IM
5.722 5.738 3.881 3685 5*639
?4*995
2 . II4.O 2.159 2.I5.9O 1.545 2.I4-06 2.182 1.516
H1..858
62.6
66.9 52.0 62.0 59.2 56.3
59.3*
The 794 mg. of gum found not large consider.!:- g the' qxxanthby of fuel five runs and, pre3umably, burin.;;;; the pr-ev:
;e of the unit.
Following the oliree siio ccssive cleanings described
below, it is estimated thet the generator retained loss than 5$ of
the original lead deposit:
Llg 0 Pb
/J O..
Tyne of Cloaning
Foxxnd
Total
mechanical - Gleaning key
Chemical - Hot 20$ ammonium acetato Chemical - Hot 20$ EH03
765 ^1.-2
.A ^ J
41 ?rr 7~y
JJ * O 19.1
A resinous deposit collected on the flame valve stem at one point during the run, which is the only instance en countered where the deposit could bo ascribed to gum.
Run 6. Purpose: To determine bother multiple filters air in the removal of lead. Conclusion: Throe filters in a special case removed no more than the ne entage obtained for any single filter. The use of throe filters is imprac sal also because
of increased difficulty in operating the ixn.it.
The unit was tested at 90 lbs. and operated at 80 lb. for starting and 60-70 lb. for running.
The first disk removed 47*7$ of the lead input, the second 2.5$ and the third 2.5$, a total of 52.79-.
Hun 7 Purpose: To make a run on a. high-gun gasoline. Conclusion: Ho trouble v/as experienced because of gum.
Some nodules found in the filter case analysed 66.15$ lead and 11.50$ halogen as chlorine or 29*95$ aa bromine.
K 0009534
BIBLIOGRAPHY
(I) Inst mot ions for fc ho. oppre.fci on cmd C orei of the Gr soline Field hcnr .e Rod el of 19117
{2) Operation, Caro, cmd Faint enclose of Field Rg.n,qh, Model oi 19o7 CSq c t1 on "lit, Henorandum Humber 10, Hq. Armored Force, Oct. ^1, 19^0}.
HR1;: JH
L Lti x lj'J'T' 10 H
R. S. Asbury 0. C&linqaerfc (2) G. Eaaar (5) J. H. Gciiaefer R o Kehoe A. Machle H. R. Ileal L. Gay T. K. dherwood
H. R. Heal l-2ij.~I}.l
He 0009635