Document LJe2zJgV0EwEQODM6qe5RDMM5

A/C Pipe Producers Association 1600 Wilson BouUvoid. Suit* 1308 Arlington. Virginia 2220? <703) 841-1556 ! April 23, 1981 Hr. William R. Perrell CAPCO Pipe Company, Inc. 1400 South 20th Street P.0. Box 3435 Birmingham, AL 35205 Dear Bill: Enclosed are additional materials which Mr. Barber may find useful in presenting the health issue to the Greenwich (Connecticut) City Council: (1) Executive Summary of Scientific Evidence on Asbestos Cement Pipe and Drinking Water Preliminary. (2). Preliminary results of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (HIEHS) study on ingested asbestos (including AACPP press release). (3) Position statements from state health departments on the safety of A/C water pipe. Since CAPCO/ASARCO are involved at this early stage, it would be appropriate for you and John Prechek to monitor this field problem. If we can be of any assistance, please do not hesitate to call. Very truly yours, A/C PIPE PRODUCERS ASSOCIATION JFW:mmj Enclosures cc: A. Kahn, N. Rahn FP/1 Chrono Jo! ^Welch. Director, Public Affairs CAPCO JEN 0010774 NEWS a from CONTACT: Nancy L. Battle Lewis & Gilman, Inc. (215) 568-3775 2jg! A/C Pipe ProducersAssociation 1600 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22209 Telephone 841-1556 Area Code 703 SCIENTIFIC AND MEDICAL RESEARCH: ASBESTOS-CEMENT PIPE AND HEALTH Some persons who have inhaled heavy concentrations of asbestos fibers in industrial settings have shown some increases in gastrointestinal cancer. Since there is evidence that the inhalation of asbestos under certain conditions can be harmful, some have reasoned that the ingestion of asbestos in drinking water may also be harmful. Considerable amounts of asbestoscement (A/C) water pipe are used in North America, Europe and other parts of the world. Thus, questions have been raised about the possible health hazards associated with drinking water conveyed through A/C pipe. In order to determine whether the ingestion of asbestos in drinking water represents a health hazard, two types of studies have been conducted: (1) Statistical or epidemiological* studies, in which the medical experience of one group, exposed to a high level of ingested asbestos, is compared to the ex perience of another group, exposed to a lower level or no ingested asbestos; and (2) animal studies, in which conclusions are derived from the ingestion by animals of asbestos under scientifically controlled conditions. *Epidemiology: the study of the distribution and dynamics of disease in human populations. CAP CO JEN 0010775 One of the first major studies was conducted by a panel of government and independent authorities in pathology, epidemiology, analytical methods, and public health, commissioned in 1974 by the American Water Works Association Research Foundation. The committee concluded, "No firm evidence shows that the proper use of asbestos-cement pipe poses a hazard to health by reason of ingestion of asbestos fibers. Calculations comparing the probable ingestion exposure in occupational groups to that likely to occur as a result of ingestion of potable water from asbestos-cement pipe systems suggests that the probability of risk to health from the use of such systems is small -- approaching zero." Substantial epidemiologic evidence exists that the ingestion of asbestos in drinking water does not cause cancer. Thomas J. Masson et al. in 1974 conducted a study of in gestion of asbestos in drinking water, entitled "Asbestos-Like Fibers in Duluth Water Supply." The study undertook to determine whether fibers present in the drinking water of Duluth, Minnesota produced increased cancer mortality. The study concluded: Thus, in Duluth, one would expect a greater excess of cancer in the esophagus and stomach than in the rectum, but this did not occur. - 2- CAPCO JEN 0010776 B. s* Levy of the Minnesota Department of Health, together with other researchers, in 1976 continued the investigation made by Masson. Levy was the Acting State Epidemiologist for Minnesota and his co-authors of the report were associated with the University of Minnesota School of Public Health and the Mayo Clinic. Gastrointestinal cancer incidence data for the cities of Duluth, Minneapolis and St. Paul were gathered and compared in the same manner as in the Masson study. (Minneapolis and St. Paul have populations similar to Duluth, but they have few, if any, asbestos fibers in their water supplies.) After a thorough investigation, the authors concluded that ... "there was no consistent pattern of statistically significant differences observed" among the three cities. Thomas R. Fears of the National Cancer Institute published an article in 1976 in the American Journal of Epidemiology en titled "Cancer Mortality and Asbestos Deposits." The specific question posed in that study was: "Is there an increase in risk from cancer associated with naturally-occurring asbestos?" The abstract of the study states: The study of cancer mortality rates in these matched counties provides no. evidence that naturallyoccurring asbestos is a great hazard to the general population of counties with asbestos deposits. - 3- CAP CO JEN 0010777 Donald T. Wigle, M.D., Ph.D. and M.P.H., Bureau of Epi demiology, Health and Welfare, Canada, conducted an extensive study in 1977 of municipalities in Quebec Province entitled "Cancer Mortality in Relation to Municipal Water Supplies." These area comparison studies presented an unusual scientific opportunity to analyze cancer mortality in populations exposed to as much as 1.3 billion fibers per liter of drinking water. Despite the extremely high levels of asbestos in drinking water, this study concludes: A study of twenty-two municipalities in Quebec did not reveal excess cancer mortality that could be related to the presence of asbestos fibers in drinking water supplies. The Commins report, published in 1979 under the aegis of the internationally prestigious Water Research Center, entitled: "Asbestos in Drinking Water: A Review" summarized the Wigle study in this fashion: It is reassuring that a recently reported, detailed, epidemiological study carried out in 22 municipalities in Quebec failed to reveal excess cancer mortality that could be related to the presence of asbestos fibers in drinking water supplies. This was despite the fact that some of the water supplies fed to these municipalities were reported to be fairly heavily contaminated with asbestos fibers. The Harrington Study The first of two studies made in Connecticut concerning the use of asbestos-cement water pipe and the incidence of cancer is entitled "An Investigation of the Use of Asbestos- -4- CAP CO JEN 0010778 Cement Pipe for Public Water Supply and the Incidence of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Connecticut. ** Referred to as the Harrington study, it was published in the American Journal of Epidemiology in 1978, and was co-authored by officials of the U. S. Center for Disease Control, Environmental Protection Agency, Yale University School of Medicine and Connecticut State Health Department. As the Harrington study stated: The possibility of studying reliable cancer incidence data over a 35-year period through the Connecticut Tumor Registry and linking these data with information gathered on asbestos cement pipe studies conducted by US Environ mental Protection Agency, prompted the present investigation. The findings of the Harrington study are consistent with a determination that the use of asbestos cement pipe does not create a health hazard: ...This study detected no changes in incidence rates or patterns in Connecticut for cancers of the stomach, colon, or rectum over the period 1935-1973, that could be construed as related to the introduction around 1950 of A/C pipes to carry domestic water supplies to some or most of the residents of certain towns. The Meigs Study The Meigs study, entitled "Asbestos Cement Pipe and Cancer in Connecticut 1955-1974," was published in the January/February, 1980, edition of The Journal of Environmental Health. The prin cipal author of the report, J. Wister Meigs, is Director of the Connecticut Cancer Epidemiology Unit and Clinical Professor of Epidemiology, Yale University School of Medicine. The Meigs -5- CAP CO JEN 0010779 study used essentially the same methods as those used in the Harrington study, but the procedures and techniques were more sensitive and refined. The study was supported in part by the National Cancer Institute and by the EPA. Following are the principal conclusions of the Meigs study: These analyses give no consistent indication that use of A/C pipe in Connecticut public water supplies has been followed by increases in incidence either of "all cancers" or of the individual sites considered. Therefore, the lack of coherent evidence of cancer risks from use of A/C pipe is reassuring. (Emphasis in article.) It is consistent with most reports from other areas of the United States. Hence, the Harrington study and the Meigs study represent independent, thorough and competent epidemiological studies carried out for the sole purpose of determining the question at issue: whether the use of asbestos-cement pipe creates a hazard to the public health. Both studies reached the conclusions: that there was no association between the use of the asbestoscement pipe in Connecticut and the incidence of cancer; and, in the opinion of the authors of the Meigs study, there was no need to change water distribution policies in this State because of the use of such pipe. The Kanarek Study The Kanarek study (the results of which were first published in 1978-1979) was conducted in five California counties in the San Francisco Bay area by Dr. Robert C. Cooper (principal in- -6- CAP CO JEN 0010780 vestigator), doctoral candidate Marty KanareL (project coordinator), and others. The study found a weak statistical correlation be tween the ingestion of asbestos in drinking water and certain cancers. The Kanarek study was an indirect study in which census tracts with differing amounts of asbestos fibers in their drinking water were compared for cancer incidence, after attempt ing to take into account certain variables. By its own admission, the study is of limited value in its relevance to asbestos-cement pipe: Samples were taken before and after passage of water through lengths of asbestos-cement pipe. In most of the districts sampled, there was not a sub stantial increase in fiber counts after passage through asbestos-cement pipe. The amount of asbestos-cement pipe in the various distribution systems was not included as a variable in the analysis because of the difficulty of determining its location, age and dimensions. The study design was that of an indirect epidemiological approach in which the observational unit was the census tract. Studies such as this one can only suggest associa tions, and cannot pinpoint definite causation. Dr. J. Wister Meigs, author of the Meigs study was asked to comment on the Kanarek study at a Connecticut public hearing held on.September 16, 1980: I believe that there are inherent problems with the California study that have (not) been addressed by the author, and I will explain to you what that problem, the basic problem is.- We knew in Connecticut that there are other variables besides asbestos, and one would expect this to be true, that influence cancer (incidence) rates. - 7- CAPCO JEN 0010781 One of the necessary variables in Connecticut that we have studied in some depth is population density. For reasons that are not entirely clear to us ... people who live in more crowded areas where the population density is higher per square mile have and have had over a long period of time in Connecticut higher cancer (incidence) rates. This has been systematically true with a number of different cancers, and it continues to be true at the present time ... So far as I can make out from this study, he did not consider population density. I believe it is a major defect in the study. I believe that there is evidence from his thesis to suggest that population density would explain the results that he got... Dr. Ian T. T. Higgins, Professor of Epidemiology and Professor of Environmental Health, Michigan University School of Health, also was asked to review and comment on the Kanarek study at the Connecticut public hearings. He, too, criticized its failure to adjust for the population density factor, and stated that the study should not be relied upon: "...I don't believe that its conclusions are valid." The California Department of Health Services has taken the following view of the Kanarek study: The UC doctoral thesis abstract entitled: "Asbestos in Drinking Water and Cancer Incidence," contains no new or original evidence of a medical nature about cancer or asbestos, nor does it establish any causal link between asbestos in Bay Area drinking water and the incidence of cancer. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has stated of the Kanarek study: - 8- c CAP CO JEN 0010782 The University of California investigators are among the first to report finding an association be tween ingested asbestos and cancer rates. They caution that causative inferences must necessarily be limited because of the indirect nature of the data being com pared. This means that the results of this study do not prove that there is a link between Bay Area water and cancer. Animal Feeding Studies Provide Substantial Evidence that the Use of Asbestos-Cement Pipe Does Not Create a Public Health Hazard. Animal ingestion studies support and confirm the epidemio logic findings that there is no association between the ingestion of asbestos fibers in drinking water and the presence of a health hazard. Test animals have been fed diets containing substantial proportions of asbestos, without inducing related tumors or shortening lifespan. All of the following scientific authorities have concluded that animal laboratory experiments do not support the proposi tion that the ingestion of asbestos in drinking water is harmful: Bonser, G. M. and Clayson, D. B., "Feeding of Blue Asbestos to Rats," 45th Annual Report of the British Empire's Cancer Campaign, 242 (1967). An experiment was performed to ascertain whether feeding asbestos to rats, would induce peritoneal tumors. Sixty-five rats were fed 1,500 mg/kg body weight crocidolite ("blue asbestos") for life and no tumors were observed. -9- CAP CO JEN 0010783 Smith, W. E. "Asbestos, Talc and Nitrites in Relation to Gastric Cancer, American Ind. Hyg. Assoc. Journal 34:227-228 (1973). This too was a complete life span experiment in which hamsters were fed abnormally large amounts of asbestos. In 45 hamsters maintained throughout their lives on diets containing 1% of the chrysotile or amosite varieties of asbestos, we found no gastric carcinomas and no tumors in the gastronintestinal tract except for a neoplasm in the mesentery of the colon. We are unable to relate that lesion to the treatment, since ashing has revealed no asbestos fibers in it. Webster, I., "The Ingestion of Asbestos Fibers," Environ. Health Persp. 9:199-202 (1974). Dr. Webster fed baboons heavy doses of crocidolite over considerable periods of time to determine if peritoneal or gastrointestinal cancers could be induced. The report states: In none of the many baboons used was there any evidence of a peritoneal tumor or gastrointestinal tumor. Gross, P., et al., "Ingested Mineral Fibers: Do They Penetrate Tissue or Cause Cancer?," Arch. Environ. Health 29(6):341-347 (1974). Twenty-one months of intimate contact of rat GI mucosa with very high concentrations of chrysotile asbestos failed to produce cancer or any other kind of lesion. ...Short-term and long-term feeding (up to 1-1/2 years) of chrysotile and crocidolite by a second laboratory resulted in no tumor production in the GI tract or mesothelium during the lifetime of the animals. - 10 - CAP CO JEN 0010784 Moore, J. H., Biological Effects of Ingested Asbestos - status Report, U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Toxicology Program, January, 1981," The National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences is sponsoring a multi-million dollar study on the effects of ingested asbestos on rats and hamsters. Preliminary results released in January, 1981 were reported as follows: There was no indication of major differences in the mortality rate between the hamsters receiving the asbestos diet or the control diet. Preliminary analysis of the hamster data indicates that no car cinogenic or cocarcinogenic effect was observed. Rat studies. The lifetime exposure phase of the study concluded ... longevity was not affected by exposure to the various types of fibers. These animal feeding studies conducted by the federal government are the most extensive ever carried out to assess the effect of the ingestion of asbestos fibers on animals. ### - 11 - CAPCO JEN OOI0785 NEWS a from CONTACT: Nancy L. Battle Lewis & Gilman, (215) 568-3775 Inc. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE A/C Pipe ProducersAssociation 1600 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22209 Telephone 841-1556 Area Code 703 GOVERNMENT STUDIES SHOW NO CARCINOGENIC EFFECT OF INGESTED ASBESTOS ARLINGTON, VA -- Preliminary results of government-sponsored studies on the effect of ingested asbestos on laboratory animals show no carcinogenic effect. The studies are being conducted by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) under the direction of the Public Health Service's National Toxicology Program. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has contributed a portion of the funding. The aim of the NIEHS/EPA studies is to assess the biological (carcinogenic) effects of asbestos fibers which are ingested, or taken into the body through the digestive tract, as in drinking water. A large number of male and female hamsters were fed asbestos over their entire lifespan. Two types of asbestos fibers com monly used in the manufacture of asbestos-cement products were administered. The doses of asbestos fed to the hamsters were millions of times higher than levels which occur in drinking water consumed by the public in a lifetime, in areas where as bestos occurs in the drinking water. The same number of animals. CAP CO JEN 0010786 Page 2 called a "control group", were fp^ a diet with no asbestos. NIEHS reports, "There was no indication of major differences in the mortality rate between the hamsters receiving the as bestos diet or the control diet." Preliminary analysis of the hamster data indicates that no carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic effect was observed. The analysis included thorough pathologic evaluation at time of autopsy, as well as microscopic examination of some thirty tissues from test animals. In addition, preliminary results of rat studies, carried out in a similar manner, also were reported. The lifetime exposure phase of the study concluded, "... longevity was not affected by exposure to the various types of fibers." These findings are consistent with a number of other studies of animals fed asbestos in food or drinking water. In 1980, the Health Research Institute at Fairleigh-Dickinson University reported no malignant tumors related to treatment in hamsters maintained on drinking water containing 13 billion asbestos fibers per liter. ##* CAP CO JEN 0010787 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH. EDUCATION. ANO WcurMrtc. PUBLIC HEAL i'H SERVICE. NATIONAL TOXICOLOGY PROGRAM . P.O. BOX 12233 RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK. N.C. 27709 - Biological Effects-of Ingested Asbestos Status.Report-.January-22, 1981 -JT+Ci5K Introduction .the III IKS :.i s- conduct! ng-a^seri es bf^studi es::pnthe - effects of ingested asbestos..'.-These studies.are:part of the-NJEHS commitment that is directed *by the recently established- National Toxicology Program. The Environmental Protection Agency has'-'.contributed approximately 1C of the. total funding. A summary of the evolution- of the .study is'to be found in Appendix A. A .paper,-given.at a Workshop on Asbestos, Gaithersburg, Maryland, July 1977, ..detailing the studies' design and implementation is attached (Appendix B). .Current Status .-X... . C' :-" - - ' * .. .Test Materials -- Two `samples of chrysotile, and single samples of amosite and crocidolite asbestos ptus a tremolite material are being tested. A repository of these materials was established and has also served .as a "source for other scientific studies on asbestos. Each material has been extensively characterized as to physical and ' chemical properties. The fiber size characterization performed by the Illinois Institute of Technology Research "Institute (IITRI), Chicago, Illinois, has been completed and a final report received. The*chemical and physical property characterization performed by the U. S. Bureau of Mines is also completed. . Hamster Studies ' Three asbestos materials are being studied at IIT Research Institute, Chicago, IL. .The lifetime exposure phase of these experiments has .been'completed.. There was. no.indication of major differences in the mortality rate between the hamsters receiving the asbestos diet or the control diet.*' Histopathologic examination .of tissues from female hamsters has'been completed. The contractor has..reported that a preliminary analysis of the hamster data indicates that no carcinogenic or cocarcinogenic effect was observed. A standard independent Quality review of the pathology results has been completed for the female hamster. .A similar * review of the male hamsters is in progress and is expected to-be completed .in March 1981. Analyses, of the v&rifiedTdata and preparation of the draft ' report is in progress. The report is expected to be completed and suo~ mitted to the NTP Board of Scientific Counselors' Technical Report Sub committee for independent public peer review in Hay 1931. CAPCO JEN 0010788  Laboratories, Vienna, Virginia. In addition, a subset of two studies includes neonatal as well as lifetime oral exposure'to asbestos.^ The lifetime exposure phase of the study has been completed, Although data has not .yet been statistically analyzed, it appears that longevity was nnt affected bv exposure to the various types of fibers^ although the . known carcinogen (DMH) did significantly shorten lifespan. The histo pathologic phase of the study is in progress and is projected to be completed in October 1981--there are a total of 5,158 rats to be examined. The histopathologic evaluation is to be completed by group and then sub jected to pathology quality review. Sequential issuance of .final reports by asbestiform type is being considered with the first reports projected^" to be available for public peer review in December l9ol. ' .' _ CAP CO JEN 0010789  * *f t f r v*.\ 't" *. ** f *i *. ;..v' > - y . goo Mf&cs (Stags-f R Satenfgy, October II, I9Sa/P=*rTlI 5 _ pumped to consumers. 1 ported to the Southland via the Cal-.'l?. Los Ar.seles.-which gets most of its .1 r ifomia AqueducWhletrbpolitan Wa- '^> water;, from-?-the - Owen 'Valley ter District officisis-said Friday . n project, receives only about 5% of However; while those concentra--~ its-drinking-, simply. from the Cali- /lions: have- been - 50ttur.es higher;/ forria.Aqueduct;;*.:*" * .'i * V rn.- than normal in some cases; virtually .VThe watery systems' "filtration. .all the-asSastos has-been removed ." processes takeout about 99% of the . .by filtration, and John Gaston of the-. | State Department of 1 said he thought there ... _____ ... _______ _______ _____ Vcerniblehe^lthha2ard.t'.V-*.i:;:*.?.-''V;.*'.el.'i'-i;'.': f' '-= I*" "There hasbeen no link between =.- last summer's tests for .asbestos;- asbestos in water and cancer in the-: * were conducted near Coalinga afte&v body/'hesaidlV;.:'V.'.y;.{ $. `.y;' officials of theCalleguas Water Dis- -. Safety-, standards `for`'asbestos^.* trict in Ventura County "askedus to- * % V- r^-t.v sisriated.asCaliforr.ia'sstaterock.-, . . Coalinga.asnsa2foirurtgtowit5(^ ---fce;;hiS')iduaTasbestosfibers-are-iX ertnt rtvrap* AivVoenn fe or*> rr * .. . n *. < <'"""7 "*c *ULUUL r* ` . thousandth of an inch in length---v ' Equeduct; -supphes.-some- of the. ; that they*c*an be viewed'6nlv with:-' ; drinkins water used by 129 cities in -an ultrascl:siUve electron micro- : ^ Southern California; among them ' scope, which magnifies the particles ' Los Angeles. * - .* . about 20.0CO times. *. CAP CO JEN 0010790 Stale of Kansas, if mmGa Joseph F. Harkins, Secretary John Carlin. Governor Forbes Field Topeka, Kansas 6920 SI3-B52-9360 ' June 24, 1980 C.E. Defournenux Assistant District Sales Manager Pipe DivisionJohns -- Manville Sales Corp. P.0. Box 5771 Denver, Colorado 80217 * .... - Dear Mr. Defourneaux: .. We appreciated your. "Asbestos and Health" presentation to our ' staff on May 16, 1980. We do not believe there ,is any health risk associated with `the use of asbestos--cement pipe in public water supplies. Sincerely, - DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENT NJB:lw N. Jack^urris, P.E. DirecLor' Bureau of Water Supply CAP CO JEN 0010791 MISSOURI DEPARTMENTOF NATURAL RESOURCES / ' ^ 0 June 11, 1980 Mr. Charles E. Defourneaux Assistant District Sales Manager CO Pipe Division to. Johns-Manville Sales Corporation P.0. Box 5771 Denver, Colorado 80217 - CO , Dear Mr. Defourneaux: ' . ,; ^. The staff-of the Public Drinking Water Program appreciated you CM O and Mr. Drake taking your time to discuss asbestos'cement pipe CO and potential asbestos health concerns, with us. Your presentation O was-very informative and will' be very beneficial to us should oo questions a.rise concerning AC pipe. As you know, the Missouri Department of Natural Resources does not issue approval in advance for proprietary products. We have approved the use of AC pipe,- with proper engineering design and b supervision, in the past and anticipate engineers to continue c specifying AC pipe in Misspuri. & Thank you again for taking your time to, be with us. 0 u oS CO o C-oO - - c*> o CL Robert S. Miller, P.&-. Di rector Public Drinking Water Program RSM:JLL:kab cc:. Mr. Monet Drake-, Sales Representative Joseph P. Teasdale .Governor Fred A. Lafser Director . Division of Environmental Quality - James P. Gdendohl Director Robert J. Schreiber, Jr. CAP CO JEN 0010792 STATE- o/NEBRASKA UCrAn \ MCN I Ur HEALTH DIVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 301 CENTENNIAL MALL SOUTH P.O.BOX 95007 LINCOLN, NEBRASKA 6BS09 (402) 471-2674 Patrick H. Savage Territory Manager - Pipe Division JOHNS-MANVILLE SALES CORPORATION P.0. Box 3^227 Omaha, NE 6813^ '- ' Bear Mr. Savage: Your recent presentation regarding the use of asbestos cement pipe in potable water supply -systems was informative and appreciated by this Department. I am writing to express the views of this Department concerning the use of asbestos pipe. . . ... Of the several studies pertaining to the health effects of asbestos cement pipe for use in potable supplies, none have established a link.between the ingestion of asbestos fibers and gastrointestinal cancer, or other disorders. Harmful effects of asbestos fibers s'eem to be limited to inhalation rather than ingestion: .This Department, therefore, has no objection to the use of asbestos'"cement , pipe with respect to health effects. We do feel, however, that asbestos cement pipe should not be used when the water to be transmitted is aggressive. This concern is not based on health effects but on the economics of.transmission line life and pipe replacement. In summary, this Department will approve the use of asbestos cement pipe for use with transmission of potable water in all siutations where the water supply is not aggressive to the point of shortening pipe life. CAP CO JEN 0010793 StTUC nr Ml'.VADA ntI'AiirwRMT or human urPiM'ifcnss Division of Health ok Conyui'r.n UCAt.Tii Pnfjir.critvt r-titvicr Cakitoi. ConrUex `CArtnoN city. iicvada nr/m May 29, 1979 . Tri.nrtt'vi;: t7on nrs..iv:.r . Mr. P. J Gnrtly, Manager UegionaJ Corporate Market i.np, Services Johns-Manvilie 2')00 Campus .Drive Sm'Mateo, California 94403 RE A/C PI.Pi: DOMESTIC WATER SYSTEMS, STATE OF NEVADA near Hr. tartly: .* The Nevada Division-of Health requires that material:- used for`domestic water systems meet AKWA ,st andards, he approved by MSI' for po.l'ahlr -water systems, etc. . .' . Asbestos-cement pipe meet in;;* AKT/A Standard C-iOO-77 is ae.eeptal) I e lor use in potable water .systems in Nevada.- . S Ln'cerely,` E. II. Dodp.ion Supervisor Public Health Engineer ini; l.HDidcm CAP CO JEN 0010794- AKS3Department of (Water <s NafyraS iiereyrees ' Joe Foss Building Pierre. South Dakota 57S01 July 25, 1979 Patrick H. Savage Territory Manager - Pipe Division Johns-Manville Sales Corporation P.0. Box 34227 Omaha, Nebraska 68134 Dear Mr. Savage: Department personnel and I who attended your presentation on "A/C Pipe and Health" on July 24 found it very informative, and we appreciated your time and efforts. Regarding our policy on approval of asbestos-cement pipe, the State of South Dakota will continue to follow the American Water Works recommendations outlined in "AWWA Standard for Asbestos-Cement Distribution Pipe for Water and Other Liquids" (AWWA C400-77). Pre sent evidence does not indicate that asbestos from A/C pipe contri- ' butes to adverse health effects in humans. Should such evidence surface, I am certain that the AWWA, whose research and analytical capabilities surpass oursf will recommend adequate changes in standards to protect the health of those exposed to A/C pipe. In summary, the South Dakota Department of Water and Natural Resources will continue to follow AWWA recommendations for use of asbestos-cement pipe for distribution of potable water. Sincerely, 77bJt&. Mark E. Steichen, Administrator Office of Water Hygiene B2/06 Squal OpfuyituHitf CAPCO JEN 0010795 Social Services . .. April 5, 1979 : , . . . 533-4207 Scott M. Maiheson. Governor. Statso* Utah Anthony W. Mitchell. Ph.O., Executive Director . ^"-:V.7L.7 Mr. J. L Wharton . . johns-Manville Sales Corporation Pipe Division ' 525 East Third South Salt Lake City, Utah 84102 Dear Mr. Wharton: We appreciate your presentation on asbestos cement (A.C.) pipe this morning. Per your request, this letter is being written to let you know of our feelings concerning A.C. pipe. While there have been various allegations relative to asbestos in drink ing water which may have originated from A.C. pipe, we are also aware of many studies by such agencies as American Vlater Works Association, National Academy of Science, etc., none of which have concluded that the use of A.C. pipe poses a threat to the health of water users. Fur thermore, we feel that there is a significantly larger health risk when asbestos fibers are chronically inhaled into the respiratory system than fibers passing through the'digestive system. In summary, we do not at this potnt feel that there is a health risk associated with the use of A.C. pipe in public water systems which is greater than is experienced with the use of other types of commonly ac cepted pipe. When we learn of any information to the contrary, we will let you know. . .,/ Sincerely, -r-. Gayle J. Smith, P. E.,- Director * Bureau of Public Water Supplies br Division of Health Environmental Health Services Branch James D. Clisa ' Deputy Director of Health , 150 v/*st North Tcmplp.Suite 25 P.O. Box 2500. Solt La'xe-City. Utah 34110 SO 1 533-6121 An Equal Opportunity Employer CAP CO JEN 0010796 4 t JAMES B. KENLET. M.O. 'OOtwnStiONM . COMMONWEALTH of VIRGINIA Department of Health Richmond, Va. 23219 September 19 1979 The Honorable J. C. Buchanan Senator, Senate of VirginiaP.0. Box 1006 Wise, Virginia 21*293 Dear Senator: At this time I vould like to reiterate the position of this agency in regard to Senate Bill 806 vhich would prohibit the use of pipe containing asbestos. First, I would like to take this opportunity to clarify any misunderstandings that may have resulted from our failure to attend or make comment at the subcommittee's public meetings. We felt that it was not appropriate for a state agency to participate in a meeting intended for public participation. For your information 1 am attaching my 26 January 1979 letter that originally expressed this same position and our objections. I have written a statement of our position to each legislative member of the subcom mittee and do so in order to allow more time at the public hearing for the lay public to express its views before the subcommittee. The policy, to which this Department will adhere unless directed otherwise or unles's evidence develops to show a health related hazard exists, is that proper use of pipe containing asbestos is suitable for conveyance of potable water. This policy is supported by all evidence available at present. This evidence and the latest word on EPA's position was summarized by an EPA scientist at a recent presentation at the national American Water Works Association (AWWA) meeting in San Francisco on 28 June 1979* Two members of my staff were present at this presentation which indicated no formal change in EPA's current policy of allowing the proper use of asbestos-cement (A/C) pipe. As you realize, many background contaminants are found in our sources of water. Many of these contaminants are natural in their occurrance; therefore people are exposed by natural means to their effects. Asbestos is one such element and is present in varying amounts in all natural water sources. It has also been & substance for which man has found many uses. The forms of use that cause inha lation of. asbestos fibers are now known to cause cancer. However, exposure of the human body through drinking water containing asbestos has not been .linked with cancer. If it is shown that there is asbestos in drinking water, fibers from either geological erosion or from waste effluents can be filtered out or CAP CO JEN 0010797 3 mile) of A/C pip*. If cast iron with mechanical Joint was used; an additional 29 percent increase, i.e., 9660 dollars or another 1520 feet (one-third mile) of _A/C pipe. FmHA has also informed us that severe state requirements or regu lations have caused FmHA monies to be disallowed in the State of Kansas. This type of impact on our local communities must not be allowed unless a proven . health hazard is evident. ... In conclusion, the health Department advocates proper use of asbestos-cement pipe until such time as there is clear evidence of related health hazards. We feel that the banning of this pipe as a bid option will unnecessarily raise costs, especially local, and prevent some needed projects from being construct ed. ., .. . As the agency responsible for the protection of public health in the Commonwealth, we will be the first to take appropriate actions concerning the use of asbestos-cement pipe if convincing evidence comes to our attention that this type of pipe represents a hazard. Sincerely, JBK/TBG/djv Attachment Drafted By: rCili2 Reviewed By: f/'- James B. Kenley, M.D. State Health Commissioner ' CAPCO JEN 0010798 OF WYOMING ED milSCHUII COVIMNOM and Social [Pel &7ce& . Division of llcnllh wnl iMnlirnl Srriirr.i HATHAWAY BUILDING . CHEYENNE. WYOMING B2002 June 27, 1979 Jack D. Garber Pipe Division Johns-Manville Sales P.O. Box 5771 Denver, CO 80217. Corp. , Dear Mr. Garber: We are aware of the current medical literature, which indicates no relationship between gastrointestinal carcinoma and other gastrointestinal disorders in those individuals who ingest water transported through asbestos cement pipe. With our current knowledge our agency approves the use'of asbestos cement pipe in the transmission of drinking water. Sincerely yours. Administrator / LJC/bh CAP CO JEN 0010799 r- BOARD OF DIRECTORS George Barge A. H. Fay R. Power Fraser W. Gatewood F. J. Solon, Jr. E. W. Swain J. H. Marshy. S. D. Weaver, ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-COMMITTEE E. M. Fenner .W. P. Raines M. M..Swetonic Larry Woodward `Carl Thompson James.Callaghan ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TASK FORCE H. M. Ball R. P. Carter T. H. Davison, J. E. Hesse E. M. Fenner H. M. Jackson J. B. Jobe K. V. Lindell A. B. Merchant F. L. Pundsack W. P. Raines Ivan Sabourin C. L. Sheckler F.'J. Solon, Jr. A. C. Smith M. M.- Swetonic Carl Thompson W. L. VanDerbeek . G. W. Wright, M. D. CAP CO JEN 0010800 November 24, 1971 TO: ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH TASK FORCE . AIA/NA BOARD OF DIRECTORS and ADMINISTRATIVE SUB-COMMITTEE CC: George Swallow . Ike Weaver Dr. J. Goodman Ed Drislane ILLINOIS POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD REGULATIONS On November 23, the Illinois Pollution Control Board voted on the proposed regulations affecting the manufacturing and use of asbestos in the state. There are`a number of changes in the regulations as originally proposed. The twc? most important are: 1. The ban on asbestos containing brake linings has been dropped completely. 2. The proposed plant emission standard of .5 fibers per centimeter has been raised to two fibers per centimeter, or "no visible emissions".' This information was obtained from Neal Regan of Hill & Knowlton's Chicago office and from Harold Halfpenny, Raybestos-Manhattan legal counsel in Chicago, both of whom talked personally to Timothy Harker, staff assistant to Board member Samuel Lawton. A complete revised copy of the regulations will not be available until late today (November 24). As soon as we have received a copy, a full distribution will be made. M. M. Swetonic ' ' \ CAP CO JEN 0010801