Document LJDwMYneD7RzvNmnBjKnm9rb5
ANpY Saf
oMinnesota
Pollution Control
Agency
MMPPCCAA CClloosseedd
LLaanndfdiflilll PPrrooggrraamm,, RReemmedeidaiattiioonn DDiivviissiioonn
IInnvveesstiti:ggaatitiningg PPFFCCss .iinn grgoruounnddwwaatteerr nneeaarr tthhe WWaasshhiinnggttoonn CCoo.. LLaanndfdiflilll
T: fact sshheeeett ddeessccrriibbeess tteessttiinngg ooff
fom admin Com Landi The `ggrorouunnddwwaatteerr and pprivate wweelllls for peprefrlfluuoorroocchheemmicicaallss ((PPFFCCs)s) nneeaarr tthhee
former Washington County Landfill. The
ffaacctt sshheesett aallssoo ddiissccuusssseess PPFFCCs.s, wwhhyy ssttaattee
`aaggeenncies tteestteed ftbor tthhemm,, howw tthhe tteesttiinngg `wwas ddoonnee,, aanndd wwhhaatt wwaas tfbouunndd.. LLiinnkkss ttoo `mmooree iinnffoorrmmaattiioon ffoollllooww .
The d--a_--cs Waingon " Site history Conny Landfill The 40-acre Washington County Landfill pid ais fom 196970 1973 She accepted xvastes from 1969 to 1975. Site poatons wore dcontinaod 0 19754045 operations were discontinued in 1975 and a Cm sel ops peed on he andl + cIInnlea11n99881s1,o,iglgrcrooaupunnwdd-a-wwsapattleearrcmemodnooinntitootrhrieinnlgganffdoofuuinnlldd. ovat Smcations ofcosof elevated concentrations of a class of Chenille oes onsnc `cccohomemmppioocuuannlsddssca((lVlVeOOdCCvSso))laaatnnildde ssooormgmaeenhhiceeaavvyy ni not manta wel rd metals in on-site monitoring wells and Tein wel nr hi. Alcmate drderrsiinindkkeiinnntggi--awwlawatteeerlrlsssuunppeppallriiecthssewwseeirtreee. ppArroolvvteiidrdneeaddtettoo
aaffffeecctteedd rreessiiddeenncceess iinn 11998833--8844,, aanndd
Rasy and Washington cou nll Ramsey and Washington counties installed mand yt 0 adds a pun~_p-and-treat system to address the mites cman "groundwater contamination. These as added oe Fle nd ste The site was added to the federal and state Super sn 194 Afrhe MAC's Superfund lists in 1984. After the MPCA's i han (LPs ccCrrleeoaastteeeddd Liinnan11d999f9i44l,l, Ptthhreoegssriiatteemww(aaCssLrrPee)mmwoovvaseedd ffrroollm] ee net' the Superfund programs and the state took he Super progr over its long-term care. Avtar ime, he CLP took additional sips At that time, the CLP took additional steps 03ddes rounds common BY to address groundwater contamination by improving th an con adnd rl ound. improving thc landfill covcr and grounda i Gor water treatment system. Groundwater
ccoonnttaanmitinnaattiioonn rreellaatteedd ttoo tthhee ssiittec aappppeeaarreedd
be undercomol Butin 2004 PFCs to be under control. But in 2004, PFCs re deed othe andl wcrc dctcctcd at thc landfill.
`cc--cclfi22--0033 + DDeecceemmbbeerr 22000077
WWhhaatt aarree PPFFCCss??
tPPhFFeCC3ssMaarrCeeoppmrrooppparrniiceyttaatrrhyyatcchhheaemvmieiccabalelsesnmmuaasddeeed bbfyyor
ay CPs htbv sn wd or the 3M Company that have been used for
odoilie.lc, assdttaaeiisnnstso,, ggmrreeaaaksseee,,praaonnddduwwcatatsetetrhr..atCCreoosmmismmtohonenat,
`uusseess iinncclluuddee nnoonnssttiicckk ccooookkwwaraere,, ssttaaiinn-rreessiissttaanntt ccaarrppeettss aanndd ffaabbrriiccss,, ffiirree--ffiigghhttiinngg lfooaamn,, ccooaattiinngg ffoorr pphhoottooggrraapphhiicc ffiillnml,,
induinl applcaon and coins or industrial applications, and coatings for PSoairn c0od omthr psronsatlonprorductse apaddadcdikittaiivvgeeisns,,gaasnnuddchoottahhseermr ppileekrrsscooannraatlolnppsrr,oodcduoucsctmsts.e. tic
PFC use was not regulated in the past.
To homie structure of PFCs mks them The chemical structure of PFCs make them To hemi stctus ofPEComks eenxvtrierlonnemleyntlo.ngT-hlaesrteinagreanmdorlneotbhilaen iandothzeen
enviromnent. There are more than a dozen
rien,her ar more a PFCs. Currently, three of them -in. pppeeerrrfffllluuuooorrrooooooccctttaaannneooiisccuaalcfcaiitdde(((PPPFFFOOOAA)S.)),, aanndd AAS perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) -- are of Permorobuttele dd (FDA) c""obbniioocaaeccrcncuu.mmuPluFaltOaitSviev,ae"n,"dii.P.eF. OtthhAeeyyabbrcuuiilldd uupp iinn tthhee:
ttiissssuueessooff hhuummaannssaannddanainmimalasl.s. LLeessss iiss
csoburn known about PFBA.
HHooww ddiidd PPFFCCss iinn tthhee eennvviirroonnmmeenntt
boomed conor become a concern? As scenic suis and sig methods As scientific studies and testing methods
iimmpprroovvee,, cchheemmiiccaallss tthhaatt ccoouulldd nnoott bbee
ducted before ar now dtc a low detected before are now detectable at low Concntaons, and som are emerging 5 concentrations, and some are enrerging as orl hath ad rom potential health and environmental Sonor. The LS. Emirommenl concerns. The U.S. Environmental Trtecon Agnes (EPA) promed Protection Agency (EPA) performed a premiers nok carmen on PFOA in preliminary risk assessment on PFOA in 2003 nica thos PFO 5 widely d2i0s0t3riibnudteicdaitnintghethgaltobPaFlOeAnviisrwonimdeenlty, even
distributed in the global environment, even
in te ari. Studosn abate in the arctic. Studies on lab animals have found tat expos 0 high knelsof found that exposure to high levels of
cones 222 c-oil2-03 ines Pelton Coto geney 520 fost. . 5 Pel MN SE155-164 + wo este es| Sommcee. Minnesota Pollution Control Agency 520 Lafayette Rd. N., St. Paul, MN 55155-4194 wwwipca.state.mn.us
51.206.6300 + 800.857.3884 + TTY 851.28or28.006873-338824 + Avalable In shenatve formats ee 551-296-6300 800-657-3864 TTY 651-282-5332 or 800-657-3864 Available in alternative formats
EExxhhiibbiitt
3223
State of Minnesota v. 3M Co., Court File No. 27-CV-10-28862
Sw umotsssoss
3M MN01535036
33222233..00000011
PFOA can av adverse desclopmenal impacts, may be | aque, hor PC as fund ow cls. The ori PFOA can have adverse developmental impacts, may be fone te er nd edb soto wi a po a ahs ck st shows whos morn toxic to the liver, and could be associated with an im eh id ound nd increased risk of certain type of cancer. FT -- Following the EPA risk assessment, the Department of
HHeeaalltthh ( (MDMH)D amnadH dootth) heerr llaabboorraattoorriieess ddeevveellooppeedd mmeetthhoodds.s ttoo mmeeaassuurree PPFFCCss iinn ggrroouunnddwwataeter.r.
he MDH hs sali Heals isk Lins 03 WWhheerree aarreePPFFCCssffrroomm tthhee llaannddfifillll ffoouunndd?? TmheiMnPAnmfersttuhpikisedmfoor PnRCondinlg tnnead | CDo onlimoi onocileicednsaho, tneeptMaDiioen groundwater sampling a the landfill during 2004. The Thc MPCA first chcckcd for PFCs during routine
groundwater sampling at the landfill during 2004. The chemicals tunaed up in monitoring wells on the landfill
pprrooppeerrttyy iinn bbootthh sshhaallllooww aanndd ddeeceppeerr ggrroouunnddwwataeter.r.
TThhoossee ffiinnddiinnggss lleedd tthhee MMPPCCAA aanndd MMDDHH ttoo ssaammppllee
fit i hye po glLaarnnodduifinilldll,w, ddaootewwrnnigngrrtaahddeiieannrteta((isi..es.o,uiintnhtthahneedddiisrroeeuccttthiioeonnasootffofthe mens | m r vatesestuns te Wing Co groundwater flow) from the landfill. It became apparent AS inl. PFOA bs bh dil conngions that that some PFC contamination appeared to be Coming fom hey 2M Ockdale Dipos Tani fom 82 po th dl olf 030 coming fronl the nearby 3M Oakdale Disposal site, Totod wes fh Wabongton Coury Lan omit To 1. PEO ha io idm located west ofthe Washington County Landfill. In id20G 04 tht gensie fous PRC: samplngon | nesnongnwlenllshtseBarlan0n3b1i pubtutbbos In mid-2004 the two agencies focused PFC sanapling on rattewealllssoouhth and ssoobwosfshedealn TThhee | argof0.1041 pin he moron private wells south and southeast ofthe landfill. The
plingarea was exp < ; "well st and narth anil. PFA concentrations sampling area was expanded in 2005 to the Tablyn Park
eandcLoabsnFtihmohHyigohfsOnasigbmotoandslarwaPlE.Cs were | 4dom0ga0tin0t othf nd a ve and Lake Elmo Heights neighborhoods after PFCs were
`Whispering Pines and other neighborhoods north of detected in the city of Oakdale's municipal wells.
SSaanmapplliinngg eexxppaannddeedd ttoo tthhee SSttoonneeggaattee,, PPaarrkkvviieeww,,
Whispering Pines and other neighborhoods north of
rome 34 pra le spof cngeen, PFCs Interstate 94. IInthenringdof0o07e, hGeoafgrheinrednddte lod | iRdvsddboneesdddeeintaesdwhhmooossvweweel0llltwoafttehhmrs:sPPTEhCEos MbCiDnHe In the spring of2007, the agencies realized tbey had s insufficient data to the east of the landfill, and sampled rs lopment on Se | PELs nore PEBA usin oot drnkor suc homes in a developnrent called Halnlet on Stmfish Lake line de guy. PEA ves tod tren 12 tbh ab to fill in the data gap. PFBA was found there in 12 Tmeoshabooventhoe iMDIgT dpkliabntbrogtawdviaonsreaenkd. || n10essccuomrenelsy bbiigg rgorvoileed slolddvlar homes above the MDH's drinking-water advisory, levels.
These homes are being supplied with bottled water and
ies sn wet unt. Maps shove | San setvd carbon GAC) rs will receive in-home treatment units. Maps showing the
`eexxtteenntt ooff PPFFCC pplluummeess iinn tthhee aarrecaa ooff tthhee llaannddffiillll aarree
able on th MDH Webs dex himl availablc on the MDH Web sitc at
wwwwww .hheeaalltthh .ssttaattee. .mmnn.uuss//ddiivvss//echh//hhaazzaarrddoouus/st/tooppiicess//ppffecss//iinn
dex.html.
How did PEGs got into the groundwater? vTyethenim arfoheioPsCoinvesstigattiiones sit aVsOeCcoamieng DHuoriwngdiisdyPeaFrsCosfogpeetrionnto,tthheeWgasrohiunngtdownaCtoeunrt?y
Landfill aceeped both municipal During its years of operation, the
SaneiPEC wae,pra PEA fom aSNE n et Landfill accepted both municipal
WmanaaddsiihnniddnuugssttotrriniaalCl ssoooullniidtdy
to BEC wars prim BEBA fom Ms | ab ho dhs and hn bv waste. PFC wastes, primarily PFBA from 3M's
ends hn VOC ples a move offs ddCSeiinhsssepipnoorssoeelddioteoffmtthhaeenrrueefaiincntatuthrhreieonecggaarrrplllyyhans11t99i77n00sCs..ottaagde Grove, were
Ovtheeearrs, PFCe loch to th groundvaiaran. | Sa, i coms 0 hi nl 1 sh pap Over the years, PFCs leached into the groundwater on Fo A drt st ns om wh io som ser hh the site and lnovcd with the groundwater flow-. They os hn migaed downass des los Greg ot Lake 3 i we have also migrated downward to the deeper bedrock
aquifer, where PFCs are found at low levels. The aerial map on page 4 of this fact sheet shows ~vhere monitoring wells are located around the landfill.
AAtt wwhhaatt lleevveell ddoo PPFFCCss ppoossee aa rriisskk iinn ddrriinnkkiinngg wwaatteerr??
pats po billion (ppb) for PFOA an0d3 pob for PROS The MDH has established Health Risk Limits of 0.5
parts per billion (ppb) for PFOA and 0.3 ppb for PFOS in drinking water. HRLs are criteria that MDH
cDDouuneesittdooellriismmsiiattefeedd fttooorxxiihccuoolllnooaggniicccaaollnrrseeussmeeaaprrcctihho,,ntthoheeveMMr DDa HlHifehhtaaimss nneo.ott
eiinsnftfoaobrrmlmiasathtiieoodnnaiinss HaavvRaaiLillaafbbollree PttoFoBddeeAvv.eellUooppnotoinlneee,n, otthhueeghMMDDHH
rreeccoommmmeennddss aann aaddvviissoorryy, gguuiiddeelliinnee ooff 11..00 ppppbb ffborr PPFFBBAA
in drinkiningg water.
In monitoring wells at and near the Washington County Landfill, PFOA has been detected at concentrations ranging from 82 ppb at the landfill itself to 0.3 ppb downgradient from it. PFOS has been detected in monitoring wells at the landfills at 0.2 to 1.7 ppb but has not bccn found away from the landfill. PFBA has bccn detected at a range of 0.2 to 461 ppb in the monitoring wells at and near the landfill. PFBA concentrations downgradient of the landfill in residential wells have
rfaonnggeed from non-deatect to 12 pwplb.
TToo ddaattee,, tthhee MMDDHH aanndd MMPPCCAA hhaavvee ssaammpplleedd oovveerr 440000
private xvells as part of this ongoing investigation. PFCs have been detected in over 300 of them. The MDH advised residents whose well water has PFCs above HRLs and/or the PFBA guideline to not drink or cook with the water. Since then, many of the affected homes have bccn connected to municipal water; over 50 residences arc currently being provided bottled water or gramdar activated carbon (GAC) filters, which are
effective at removing8 PFCs from water.
contamination at the landfill? WWhhaatt''ss bbeeiinngg ddoonnee aabboouutt tthhee PPFFCC.
contamination at the landfill?
By the time of the PFC investigations it ~vas becoming
landfill may have inadvertently plaayeold in the apparent that previous efforts to address VOCs at the landfill may have inadvertently played a role in the sspprreeaadd ooffggrroouunnddwwaatteerr ccoonnttaalmniinnaattcedd wwiitthh PPFFCCss.. FFoorr example, the water table under the discharge area was raised artificially by the discharge, and this may have ugiivveenn PPFFCCs,s,os wwhhiicchh aarree mmuucchh mmoorree mmoobbiillee ihna groundwater than VOCs, a pathway to move offsite. Also, it has come to light recently that the pumpout dischargc at onc timc xvcnt into a storm sc~vcr which drained to Eagle Point Lake. At any rate, we know that
ePIC rn ro he Neh Go Lr -o28 Om Investigating PVCs in groundwater near the Washington Co. Landfill c-clf2-03 December 2007 acepage 2
(re sw_Notsss0s7
3M MN01535037
33222233..00000022
spSouommmpeeoPPuFFtCCsssyshhtaaevvmee wmmhooivvceehddwoosffffsdiietcesiddgeesnspepiditteetotthhpeereggvrreonotuu,nnddauwnadatteerr
|
dhdiiessccwooivvdeeerrriinneggnaavnniddonddmeefefiinnntiinngg
he
the
possible
possible
extent
extent
of
of
PFCs
PFCs
in
in
pumpout system which was designed to prevent, and
the wider environment.
ddAooceceossrppdrirenevgvelenynt,,t, tmwhfeiggMrraaPtiiCoonnAoomffoVVvOOeCCds.st.he discharge location of | aIIffndyyoohuuavrreeecaceeniiyvveeqttuhheiissstfifaoaccntts,sshhpeeleeettaoosrrlcliiovveenisinnetththheeeasaerreeMaa PooffCiinAntteerreesstt
`Agesrcworcuoounlrnddodwcinwaaagtttloeyenr,thtthhhaaaettt MiihssaPpspCuudmmAepcprmeeeddoasvaaeenndddd ttt"hrameeoatduteeindsddciffhnooargrrg"VVoeOOflCtoChcsseatt9oiw.oa3nateorf
Satand have
staff:
any
questions,
please
contact
these
MPCA
fnaebwlelocTahteionn ethaltohcaastodnechraesascedav"medoutndhindgi"scohfarthgee snc water| FFoorr qquueessttiioonnss rreeggaarrddiinngg bbootttlleedd wwataertoorrGeGAArCC uunniitts::
table. The new location has received the discharge since
srounduate. NtNoorvveeemmbabeeortrf22mP000F06eC6..sn,TTihthi.iss sistyydssotteeemsmnddoocressemnnoootvtepprtroohvveiimddfeeromthe
treatment of PFCs, i.e. it doesn't remove them from the
SpGShhaaww3nonn RatRuuocsttssiiinnocijGanaocegsaiemnaus
groundwater.
shawn.motsinoi a@pca.state.nm .us
In addition the agency is evaluating altematifvoeras
FFoorr qquueessttiioonnss rreeggaarrddiinngg ddeessiiggnnooffrreemmedediaiall
`pIlnapenerdarmfdimldaalnni.teeinonTtnthrrteehememaeleatddgeyyemnattoctoiyttvhhieseesePPivFnFacCClluucacdotoeinnnvttgaaarmmaiiliotnneuaarstntiimaooetnnitvhaaetotsdttfhhsoee:rofa
PaPalleuttteeerrrrnntTaatiitfiitfvvaetenssay::y
temoving the PFC wastes from contact with the water landfill.
ttrreeaattiinngg
ggTrroohuuennaddlwwteaartnteearrtittvooersreeimnmcoolvvueedePPFFvCCasrs,i,ouaasss
wlneellthaos.ds
well as
of
p((6561)5e12)9t269.6e1-722rG774o4iafstfe mnuys
ttraeabmblleoe,viii.nce.g. rrtehmeeoPvmFiCnogwttvhhaeseiwtewassnatfsretgoesms cccooommnplptaelcettteelwlyyitohofrpthupetutt~tiivnnaggter
pete r.tiffanv @pea. state.m n .us
For questions regarding groundwater monitoring:
tthhheeememviainlnuaaatiliinnoeenddcocfeealltl eoomrravvtaaiuuvlltet.sTTchhoeempMMePtPCeCdAAnppdllaannrssetatodhoyahfavovere
er Ini VerhageTn E For questions regarding
Ingrid Verhagen
Egrrooundwatnaeterr
monitomornitionrigng::
the evaluation of alternatives completed and ready for
ppuubblliicc rreevviiee~wv ssoooonn..
(I6n5gr1i)d2v9e6r-h7a2g6e6n pea state mn us
What's next?
PFFIonoorgrrreiqdsuq.irueoeesnrtshsitoaingosennsr@ergepgarceargaradr,ddiisinntgnaggtessi.tiemstiteinn.iusnpssepincseptcectitioonnss::
W T`TwhhhelelaMMthP'PsaCCAAnhaeaavxnnetdd?bMMeDDcHHafwwficillillcccdoanontidnuwnielttlotsmmaoimnopinltinetoorortpphrriirvvaawtteeells|phP((a6a5v5t1ia1Hc))kan20n96s6so7-n77o71d00ndsdatpe menaus
t{wWhhheeelelaasnggetehpnnaecctirieemhssaanvhheeaanvvbteeererrneeeamaassdfooifnnecctstoeadbbreeeallniiiednevsvtweeailmmlllaeaydsyabambtseptlaaeeffffoseeitcchttte,eerddt.wheells
patrick.hanson@pca.state.mn.us
Where can |find out more?
W a`aggreheonneucncniideepsvsearwwmtiilrlallnwccehooninntcttrihiennmuhueaeesdttoioeemmsfoaontrnhieeittiooinrrcstPP,aFFlliCCen-d-cscoaoontmnttethamemcniasisninteseasi,teetddhe
Where
"The EPA's
!
can I
draft
find
heath
out more?
isk ascssmn
or
PFOA
can
be:
possibly long 200. groundwater which
possibly long ago.
has
left
the
site,
in
some
cases
Meanie investigation and cleanupofhe ober three
|
The EPA's draft health risk asscssmem for PFOA can be
foundatww povloppinpopesi. The found at www.epa.~oviopptintr/pfoaipfoafcts pdf. The hMgDHcoWneabnsite includes information about helt isk MDH Web site includes intbrmation about health risk
M3SCoMMetatPPnagFFweCChGiwwlreoa, svaitneevsssseiiistttteeeistssga---tteitchohoenenOtaaOinknaddukaecdsllaueelane,n,duWWeporoootodhfdbetubhriueyrty.oe,thnmeadrdthree
A ARE and exposure at
www.hcalth.statcmn.us/divsichNazardous/indcx.html
pCSSuuuorpptsetcairrgffneuugnnGdda roppnrvruooemggbrsreiaatmlren.so. f--AAocdtdoddhniirtttiinomounnveaasllleyu.,nstdthiheeergMtMhaPePatCCsitAAmaoteeniidss sat
pursuing a number of other investigations aimed at
vesting PVCsi gutter esrth WashginGoLand HET evnbor 207 rs Investigating PCPVCs in not groundwater near ben the Washington Co. al 20 Landfill c-clf2-03 Gre December 2007
page 3
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jo page 4
Sw umotsssoss 3M MN01535039
33222233..00000044