Document LJ0LB6aNVyyVD1E5GmmJ63rw3

/ 1 `2 5 \ Years of Usefulness 1802 v 1927 y Y CITY HRUCKING COMPANY iggSMBf. n d u s t r y is founded upon the manufacture and sale of things that make this world a better place in which to live. "Industry has nothing to sell save use ful service ............... "Practical application of knowledge to the making of things which are useful in man's every day life is Industry's contribution to the ad vance of civilization. "Civilization is our inheritance from the ages; ours, in trust for a while, to which we must add some useful knowledge that coming generations may increase their horizon." j PIERRE S. DU PONT ^2 CVner dpskui CONTENTS .............................. UFA : 1K i ProutDnh-.-e,. K. 1. flu i'niii U Nd-mma'' RiVumt-iii' Bkirk Powde- History .. K. U. Ford 0!<! Blank iDwdur Pays........................... ./. \\ \ A/*jr/`*ViW lliL'h tjf du Pail jiph Kxpy.rjixva 11 islory . ......................................... ,/, 7 ilimn't-1 I'Driy-Fivi* War-: Ain> ............. '.'os'./* fi.K-rr TP linnorutneo uf <! hands try in du PoM j rakisinr-s ........ . ... hr. ( '. M. .t. F:':;.- Tin Dmriopiiii'iit of .Miliary lYr.viims -H F*J-.f }`>m! -hi 11 % >\v (.Valid To.-`tiles fkne Sem-.l S. h. BVsr.P iS i)u I*or.I Program in the Pyroxylin Industry ... .................. In liie Field til i'Daiies.... ........ . . i . A . J ft-rjy Du Pont i-jyduC'-'rine . . . K. f't. Arh'-ri Aufilyiny SHi-t u -** to Paint.................... A Hi f-Au>* Plymeins and 11 ?;ivy (`hcnuvnh . . . Tt-JOi-. i'.-f'i' The Achievement* of u Denude in the Busin.'ss ................... .. "L Robinson Du Font's Cumrilsi!ilmi u> the Textile industry ........................... VUdum Picture Film................................ t '<-]lu|ih;ua- A hales I IVkv.......... , ,L* A, Yerke$ . George Rocket Tim High Pre.-vnro hsi'istry................... F. A. Watdctthurg Km ij 11.>yo FmjAoyer Rtiaiiuiis.............. William B, Foster Annivertuiry 'Number, 1927 - ONDU PONT MAGAZINE- h - AXi hub. 'I The ihf Tout Company, hike the institution of which hatersou wrote, teis the h-uejhvucJ shallow of one man" A' New 1 car"'. D.ny Nan, the Atmrkcm could produce a ranch superior producr, ami that a real kd^h- dropped anchor at Newport, Rhode hud news opportunity lav before him. f legrasped n eugcrlv. m Island. and rIn* passengers to <Hs- His friend. President Jcfkrsoo, gave bin enc.mrage- c-rnbai k were three man PterreS. du Pone, nienr o 1 learning of ids plans. I ic s c au i ed ilor.iicial support better known a* da Pone de Nemours, and in mi friends, returned to France, purchased the machinery . hi., two .-,on.s, victor Line Elea there hence. he needed, and in 1S01 began building the firN du Pont The aged father had been prominent: in ptnvde' mibis along t he banks of the hnmdvwinc Creek, French national a,-fair., ind w.i * a diumgui.-hed scholar, near U ilniingum. Delaware. aniJn)!- j u v J political ceonomi -r. \ icror, tli-a cider son, bad held varic.ua, diplomatic and consular 11.>11 in tl'.a Eniced Slates for mure than ten war*, [re.nac:. then uvtrnfv- Since :har. time the t hi i ted Scare-' ha-, grown rurvd ouHv. Fromiu* line* h.o.c been pi-died hack from Hie Mississippi River tot.ic Paciin: Ocean. A network of rail 'aighc year* old, had ar one t iix:c st ndied poweef chemistry roads has readied otif to bind the Gates together with Uf,der Lavoisier when that ce'ehruced chembt hud charge hand, oi -a cel .it* )i i Jiw.iv*. ni ine> and quarries, :t > farm* ni the brrnch tnn-crm!iuf' giinpowder work-. ..r b*--.onne. a: tac:.or:e: ic tuber iacrors oi n 1: imial develop- '^*-torc receutfv he and hi* father had operated a priming meitr hnaa\e C|X-rated f^> plac^ uur couurrv a> a leader in house in Paris until political disturbances growing on; ol world aSljir.s. Since that tin c. too, 1 lie du Pont < iMtipunv Chc1Tench Revolution forced has grown and expanded and thvin u> Hisperaf hu.-anuss. J e -> e h : pc J its i e o u r C c s I* he:,c three J u Pon::> had - . .. : largely 'occauw its i>rcdccrs CUJiu- ro America... land or - ... . ^ ha%e been useful products, freedom ami op pun un in' / -. ?; . .-- ' ;'*c honesth made and sold, ansi 10 snare h sunt ti> reesinbl ish theiusei vc> al \ J their for- '. . - ' 'g n -M iiilcIbgeiiCA' w-rvieed. A^ a manufacturing organization ZUt Tv Origjnabv r h e v phtrtnci; :o decclon a farm- ._ N ': C; ' S' the scoj'e of its activiiies lo dav is so large and iis prrki- lr'1 ct of land in western Vtr- z' ucts are >o maov that o some lfli;b he;, that pfojcei never :_ ' extent ,0 least ir has 010 materialized. Anot her one .- grown public understanding. and die 1. u Pom Com- -. And si to mark its ti\ih P,;Ub totlav is its i mi non. Hu k is 1 he wore of i l a in- hirilidav, we nave soughr to convex ;:i thefolh>\vin.eypages ceprion: hence chi Punt and --olunci Imssard spen r a da v f In- J iih 'U .S'n, sts f.Vi-f'. U'.ti'n r/ii'Uj - Pon? f-.imt'y Nm:/ cf in :StisLiiK.n i*u ,Wi 1 t>uv. /ouc; t. Killy ail w.-< f tiu- ao- k 4 , Kii ,-r u .i.v Ih Ju ih v a.% y>'t ut'.-:xph>r*.`d a skerchv outline of r. he com pany' s progress and prod ticks fogetiter with gin is. and dog*. ro rheend that the readers of ^hey had slioi ;uvav all rheir powder and hid bought a Tar: Ov Po k ^ Ma g azixr mav see the company as wr see supply at the nearest shop. It was of poor quatiny it mi old buc still viri'e and fortwird-looking or^:s.ir/A- J sC> ,f cxjK-ii.dve, and I renew alrer learning how ir fdon, .luccv-.sful because :c ha - hica dm - tlr a,I hered 10 the a4" became convinced that a powder plant built btudness principles and practice* of Eh J, du Pom in and managed on the plan of the 1TeiichGovcmnJent \Vor1c* dealings with :he public. its -7/1* DU PONT-fu/'-uis.inn .1 ' . i ' hitildirtg along flic Brand/roana Crcrcfe / far wileit#nc markets along the course of Aniencatt history .,, Gnat progress has oral made during the past a'at ary ami a /[/tarter of the da Pom Company' \ business life Ml- hit nfired . .!.. ' pnv l he i*% '.KAr.l *wded 'V.-ij -,ip with the onion. hat du Pont industries ;\c y\ ' :.v !. db.jdL mi inLroah m mv w-vniiai 'fid::;,::-' Lu i!l.:k.-,,; .n.ilnMi.il vr.awtn possible. 1800-1810: The I. won c* n--i ned ni sixreen .-ones. !;iunm-jerro-on v c- President . LA S. MiLmn Acad- 1-m* c-'.iahiia: \\c.*.r Pou.t . J*h . du IGm starred -! m.lwc ite :.rv iunv.Lrr.nil. Louisiana IcrnH-re pur dl,-.ed . 1 . is ana; (dark expedmen started for the \or: h",ve*4: i-ii'-i Ja Is ait: advertising appeared in a Mew York e---.p.u.xrr . J lie V. ,ir v--u t i Tripoli ended. . . Robert bid s<. Gw :;{ made iir .t v o v j tire up :hc I hiiLon iheir-r Jo her cu-a'ntcr i neue during liu - dec.ide v%s rhe C. >. G> neminent. iSIO-TReO : 'u'.;;:>ru.ir nuv igariori iirsc uneerra ken on i!;c Mi-:*!-. j'j*i ;n:d Ohio river.-. ..W ork ..taxed nil ihe 1;--.; \\ ehw.,v nunn;; the Potomac and Ohio nwr- . War wn.h oiv..* Brio.in. ,Du pint: powder tran -p* vied hv .y veixd wagon to (.omiiKidoie Pcrrv on Lake l>e . Stephen -un iuvro.cd the locomotive.. .The von made :ir- i -.lean: vovage acro>s r!:c A rla-uic l Xl bop p.ip p< l-lvUcP '1 i p'/e-:! tU W VV \ Ofiv. B'lSlOll. Hah on--re, ihn-'h.irp.i, siul other cities hy hoar .mb cov ered wavon, 18PM830: SVLy hri-Jpe method of dearie Wasting de\ elopeO hy Dr. Roherr. Ji.ir-e . . . Fne C.mal Completed . . . i iie H C). K .i i tree id G-g.;;: o*x.Tarnn- r.o ,:-.esigc" scr\ ice eoaisivoM. . .Hru pal-lk. .school opened in Baltimore. 1880-18-10: < \ rn , \ L< .orrmck uh-Ca.uet! potent on :v *-i mccuxcicG fxv pa . Mowc n: verned rhe idenr.ip1' . Bin Id; noi b.nc K a Broad begun. Bit k ford's ' ' irn rors ' eho tu-w Jiw: iiijn-.ir.icciiivd ir? .\mcrica. 1840*1850: Croton Atpieduct opened ro ^apph- Lew shwk Citv tv rh wafer.. Goodvcar ilevdopcd prore *or \-fk:.u:-i.'.rrui r.jl'Kcr . ffriireJ Suttc'. Naval Acad eLii* eshdufdied at .hruiapidi-*. Wav s laud . . .War w:\li Mexico . . AsC-uiio Sohrero Jo-co'. ered rurro^Jx-L'eriji . . .Gold ds-scoeered tV; C;Bitumia . . Dn ihinr sales ,ixenev estaolfshed S.rn Friiiicisco. ii 1850-1860; f irst train cro>%cl hnupc over Mron-uppi at Rt>ck1.daod, llhj'iois. . . Lammot ri\ Pont introduced -.da xvwder which quick I v dLplaced the ;ih'!t expensive saTpctre powder. . . Wapwnllipc!h Jenn-o !\ ama, plar.L hmh io supply anthracite coal miners with powder. . Drake discovered oil at Titus ville, Peunwh at-ia . . First Pull man sleepineear in service. 1860-1870; Pw*) Lxprtxs c>t a Wished between Sc, Joseph, Missouri. >;;iJ San Frajicisco.. .The Civil War-- du Po it pLnts Bu->\ *i up pi y ii i tr powder for government in new . Homesieuil 1 .;:.% cnacieJ to encourage sc rileincur o! unJevdoixd art as.. . J'fivr blast furnace opened at Son'll Bethlehem, IV.nn odvania . . .First nitroglycerin nude in America used m driving rhe Hoosac Tunnel, . . i 4r-,t aiicee:,-;Iij[ trans Atlantic cable laid... First dyna mite nude ;u America at Mm Francisco--three pounds . . Jur-xi 1: run .-.con nnental railroad completed at Promon tory PoiiTi... .NAmni-yeen;! owd to increase rhe flow of oil wells. 1870-1880: Dynamite fir-t used for tunnel construction hv the Lehigh Valiev Railroad Company,. .Christopher Sholes sr.vented the ty pewriter, and Bell, the telephone 131" ?03Titezi/tP - - - Nobel invented blasting gelatin. . Dynamite first used for improvement work in New York harbor. , .Blasting caps first made in America.. .Edison invented the incan descent lamp., .First elevated trams running in New York City. ' t 1880-1890: Du Pont began manufacturing high explo sives at Hcpauno, N. J----- Northern Pacific Railroad completed. . .Du Pont experimental work started on smokeless powders at Carney's Point, N. J,. , .Synthetic silfcJ?hcr Crayon) first produced in France by Chardonnet ; ' - P*rs electric street: railway operated in Baltimore. , . Ballistite smokeless powder invented by Nobel. 1890-1900: Niagara. Falls Tunnel constructed for hy droelectric power system.... Edison an.noti.need invention of motion pictures. . .Francis G. and Pierre S. da Poor developed du Pont smokeless powder ... First gasoiioe- propeiled automobile. . .The Rontgen my discovered. . , Rural free delivery postal service established.. .News of Klondike gold discovery precipitated rush to Alaska. . , Spanish-American War emergency forced the du Fane Company to extend facilities. . E. I. du Pont de Nemours N Company was incorporated. 1900-1910; Chicago "Drainage Canal opened ,,, .First mbway construction begun in New York Citv... Boxer Rebellion in China.,.Marconi sent first wireless message TVrigJit Brothers first flew beavier-than-air machine -Uti Pont Chemical Department established.. .First * successful law-freezing dynamite devel oped by the du Pont Company. .. Bureau of Mines testing station established m Pittsburgh ...Hudson River tubes opened at New York.. , Peart' discovered, the North Pole,. .Railroads issued the first regulations governing shipment of explosives by rail. 1910-1920: Du Pont began manufacturing Fabrikoid -.. First fibemik produced commercially in the United States., .Amundsen discovered the South Pole. . .Living ston Channel opened in Detroit River. . .Parcel Post established.. , Black powder plant started at Du Pont, Washington. ,, .Cordeuu fuse first made in the United States. ,. Panama Caial completed. . .The World Whir be gan, . .The du Font Company expanded its facilities for powder making.. ,X S. Lusitania sunk by submarine., . Du Pont Company began manufacture of Pyralin prod- nets, rubber-coated textiles, paints, varnishes, pigments, dyestuffs and dyestuff intermediates. . . Lb S. air mail ser vice established . . .Airplane N-C-4 and Dirigible R-54 crossed the Atlantic, 1920-1927: New York-New Jersey vehicular tunnel started . .First radio broadcasting service established by KDK.A, Pittsburgh. ..First American-made dirigible Shmamhah launched.. .Shandaken Tunnel, longest in the world...-18 miles -- completed... Alaska Railroad built. . .Duco, Du Pont Oval powder, pellet powder and Semesan developed and marketed. . .Commander Byrd reached North Pole in airplane. . .Moffat Tunnel driven through Continental Divide in Colorado. , .Work started on the Conowingo, Maryland, hydroelectric power dam ... Trans-Atlantic wireless telephone service established ...Lindbergh made first one-man non-stop flight from New York to Paris ...The International Peace Bridge was dedicated at Buffalo, Ish Y. R*Mht--Thi? iPresent du Pont o/Jica bu.iidin x m wamingtmH BlL 5 HU POKT.tCagaizina HENRY DU PONT liSO- 188-9 BUCENE DO PONT 1889-1902 IRENEE DU PONT 1919-1926 6 \7/ie LMJ POTSTA fi 'njazino ANNIVERSARY GREETINGS Brief messages from four members of the chi Pout family who have- served the Company as preshknt NE bandied iw c h l y -Jiv c seals oi continuous O successful business life for an American cor poration is unusual, so unusual as to fre quent! v raise rhe question: How has if been done? Common honesty and business fairness arc among the obvious essentials for extended corporate life, mu! "owner management" is another requirement not so general Iv recognized, hut til esc are common to many business organizations that do not long survive. NE hundred t wen; v -live Years' Among the O very oldest' business associations of our conntrv anti dating hack to the very foundation of American industry. Vet thirty per cent of tin's lime is within the term uf mv diieci. uiiincuioii witli the company's affairs and forty-live per cent within mv lifetime. Not such a long period after all. Vuu ask me whv this has come about; whv are the SH.g o o o of assets of the war iSk > now worth $3eS,o o g ,o o g ? I. answer... Du Pont lias always trained its own management. Us reorganizations have been numerous, out nkvavs iiuin the inside, being brought about and led bv men of Jung experience with the business or in close family or business association with the former man agement.. Thus, each succeeding management lias been familial vsiili llic pi CLedmg polkics and Las been in a position to guide the business safely and nuke only such changes as were clearly indie a ted as desirable bv past experience. Hard and eonscieri ions work; Honor and btiegritv; Faith and loyal:v; Conhdeiicc, love and respect for the fellow man That is the basis of good and success! ul business, as it is oi gooc. and successful living. k is interesting to note that the l iftv individuals who might today be considered the leading men in rhe du Pont Company have an average ol u years' service with I he company and its predecessors. If there is anything in the theorv of self-trained management, this augurs well for the future. CLAIM to be one of the oldest employes of the I company, as l began as its agent: in western Kentucky in i$Sq or iSS^, almost enmein porarv with kerr and Macklcm. I became actively associated in the direction of its affairs in jqoi, just before its hundredth anniversary. The men who took hold with me in March of that year reorganized a company that: for j cenrury HIS :s the Anniversary Number! Anniversa Tries, of course, commemorate the past. The past is history. History is of little use I had stood fur integrity and fairdealing in American business. Its development had been chiefly due so die forming of companies in ail localities where was going ro say no use excepting in that it mabvusiness had been sfimubned hv a corresponding indicate the future, thereby enabling us to act prop development of the nation itself. The new problem, erly in the present. Pride in past achievements is then, was :o bring some m \ separate companies into foolish unless it leads ro greater effort in the present one organization; to hold that organize ion ax more to accomplish greater things in the future. important than anv individual in it, and to con The du Pom Company has a history to be proud of. You men of the du Punt Company would not be human ii vou didn't take pride in the results, bus tinue to recognize honesty, ability, elhciency and lovaltv as the prime requisites for advancement witlrii its borders. let ir not be a foolish pride. Rather, et it be a As an example of the growth that followed this stimulus to produce in rhe future greater tilings item consolidation and reorganization, when 1 joined you or your fellows prod need in the past. the eompanv there were seven employes in the main As one of the older men I am entitled to give advice. It is that, iu attacking any problem, vou htm seek such intorrmuion pertinent to rhe question office. A hen I resigned, there were about twenty live hundred. Todav, the company, including its controlled organize! lions, is the largest in the world. as may he bad in a reasonable lime; decide from 11 Anil so long as organizax ion is para inonnr and all what you are going to do; then not be distracted positions arc won bv honesty, ability and cihciency. from accomplishing vour object unless vou find that rather than bv seniority or favoritism, no stock either voir information or reasoning was erroneous. holder need tear for rlu* far.ire of the company. "Go to it!'* . -ya IDU jPOMX~Kaga'zing _ ) uatuiuny of f/-c .Ic'-JoptJicui of ibe ifjdifStrp, s/nss///* ibv economic nnpovi..nK', - of //'C proJ/icr in ibe nphn/ld/t/g of the nut ion > rxw j >:-'! ] \< - xhji hi ac1c p* w bcr ll,o. -o rrvohu Iwd do: .wt of war .P: J : \ C! : C :: IT f oWC-- * j %, ; % : ! : OiL f >:; . uC'i .ill mmiLi.r'israhli: adwnUxgc: over mere B) H. H. l**okp .-*i*. : i .... r / >- Dirrsu V it: l:~ Co, t Inc. iar afield from rhat in use at the present firm: -"T parts of saltpetre, i part of \ulplum am! a paris of willow char coal. :V *** :! reduce ft> a fine powde* number-. -id sa\ ape \ .-*.] ha- a; * nalc ul a hi v as-n -.led to a marhlo mortar and mix topcdiL-r.'' w.n u: ::he reain; or u-wod ,uu .. a- oi n:Iniri: . ac-riodture. Jr m not wiiiiin die >c o pc of this article to discuss the : !vi die M eng a: i! w e:Wu ieetu ig a! U cr pH w-., U* rcdini.jiie uf niatiufiicHJriop Mad: powder, vat we mav ui)uk; he in(crc-.cinp ru know both ihe rime and ctrcam hriedv \ny that we Ik .v c mu departed from this fundamen ;.;ax' of i d new. w % . Tiw gh >o!ii o! che !\= rk Wes if e tal recux': --"to JineK' pow\lcr the ii-p.redwi'it'' and mix dm wrorwOuja The reseat* he--, or aii -ahorHiCs '4 owe si them topcthcr." Ir lias loop been rrcopii.ded rhar purirv ;h-;: T.tr T-.i-r j,: - ha^p! ;ce .aid that, ere ge mi of it- aiuj selection od fber:e essential iiipicdients were of pri -I iciua1 on pi naied m 11n.- aei'i.iciii.il do-cowix ol 1 he dedj - nt,irv import,incca ard chemistiu \s resciirch has brnu^lH graoug pr--pcr:Te- ul ":w wd sn hen I-i'- ->ii :ih? in contact simple coiiiiriTtafTon of I hat fact, hut that i.s another sior\ . u. it I; i lie -J'.arrc.i rahj: - oi he nuim Jd \v> j od vamp sires. Xcxt io the pudieafid proper sdeedon of inprc-L-iem-s, i seem - pi obal ;,/ .h.ii am: j --w. be: a - a pj o; xdl if jg uecn i j io sicp :n black pow.Jei mamdaUare iccpiiies si.cii caic m'pmjccd wicb dm \1onr- ur Saracens ,u:d from diem and thorijupdinc^' ,:s the inrermixture of irs components. - p:*e ui ca a v> ,ird -u'.d r: a i lp.\ a:*J i r U> J: urojxp where Jl vv;i - ) tin-- the inurble moriar, u'i account uf it-' rnefhcieiK\ and I-:n vvr. haw bcon-c ;ir.. pen*, rail \ uwJ Judge he a:;cih!i;u: hazards Ql operation, was sujxTseded hv the ! a: h c l r:t .rev. pi'd i minarv pmindui.e of cadi material in madiiiicrr cr u i pui:e ^iTLiin ha~ in i carlie-a* development pro^ress;vdv inprened design, and the suh.wcfuent mix die memo o: ;r- lubrscau-w were c**nde aim! Us cu.ililv nip of the diree in 'b-.tainismp'' mdk. die howls of whidi -A ,, -. t j co.au*. _ much m k **. *r rr rim p's -cm-..las- podum. '.ua Unci will* kad:er a saruo precaiuiou. L:.\ c h t !it>e V\V are ;-uU: 11i uirlkai c-;nrun> ur inniaar-. were ma--k: or howls did mu: in-.ure the proper decree <of iucorpo; aiioii iv.ri i.ev.- aa-'idih h--u:pcJ I opedmr. ,i; r! en hdore 5 hi , -o neew-Miry for uriionnirv of the finished product. ur ..r's 1 cr-> Je-.-.'L'pmem. ir i- p-:*uh.Tde dt.ir pajm Hence, d>ev were discarded in favor or the ponderims v m.! ie : n *"' ! i-i ur -r ;i h.rr. humid 'mid mdl-- uk roue. irKVirp-oriitors kiunvu as 'h^diecl-rnslU " Prnlrihlv s'niv "rnckci-. were .! -cli.;rc' from them. \\ i111 rlie imnrovencnt in die art of making iptns of a! M.o v u n (d'accro, who s:\rd tliirmip i !u: c(i"-inp rears nt Calibers, came the nceesdtv of conmdling the explosive ;h.:: srh ccr-iiir^- ch...i!-ii- .la-crri^t'-s -:iCr a p'..-\r<.:e-r and u:->: ness of powder wu hiu dijferent prescnbeil limits suitable : - c- h>r in i! i r. a r\ parr-urn-' H - funiiahj. naii:rJ. wnn* so lor c,u;h. Xu ph\sic: I propettv was found to a 1 feet the CMe DU % * ' !* 1M1B wm OW < > \i41 34 Ot " 1 : ',,+>. ***?" Pi. W/lgS C TT :' $ O1 1 1 !i'i|i;'i|,i TWC* nnpRi "iicC mamamsM :--i m- VTv . , LeJft to right thwe ypumlv#edreiziinngthmeiBllraannddywwhieneel Mmiillllss abnuOiltcitnobTeUr22,2u, Is$tt2e1ti,aTn.hkensoewh%n* iuldsinthgea . explosiveness of gunpowder so much as density, by -which is meant the actual quantity of matter contained within a certain bulk of powder. This brought about the develop ment of machinery to regulate this property; first, the crtide hand-screw press, and later, the engine-propelled press. These were used until more elaborate and efficient hydraulic, or hydrostatic machinery was devised. 1 lien the tmwicldv ni.isws of pressed liuuLri.il Uae. to be broken into grains of a size stumble for the caliber of i he gen in which the powder wa - ro hr med i > ran s; 1 ;i i mg machines were the result of rh!% neces>m . Of course, powder up ro this stage of its fabrication contains a cer a Diuum oimnut urc to promote lohe.siorr. d hi ^ hu.d k Il;ts to he eliminated, end it was accomplished fusL in hr'ii;ice-hk>uses or Jr\ -houses. Laier, wbea it \v;s dis covered that the keeping qnulibC' :if rhr product werre increased hv smnuilung or polishing ihe surface nt the powder grains ami rhat this treatment in itself arfccted die explosiveness of the powder and .usuied greater tegularify, both the dnung and the polishing processes Were diceted shim] rancousk and the modern glazing mil] %x&b the result. ^ ith the coming to this country of h. 1. du Pont and die otahi ndnneni of ho lira mil! on the hanks of the hnuaj\ -.N ine, he brought with him and put to use the accumulated knowledge of tfie an ami the most np-rn^:,lc machinery of his due. I Vom i S*.c until the present iHiie. the dii Pom Company has always been in the van guard <4 those who have contributed to improvements in powder making. fTne could nor well stress rhe economic on port. :n re of Jack powder in Lpc upbuilding of this art mu without Jcdcrring o the part: h has placed in the mild arv history of t>ur country. Until near the close of the tyth ccruurv, h was the only propel l.mf we h.1I bl:id,- powder has certainly been a. great factor in both the achievement" and the Maintenance of our national status. However, with the advent and the perfection of smokeless powder and high explosives, its ''swan-song" lias almost Ken sung as far as its military use is concerned. If, in the forego ng. 1 haw dwelt- two long upon the techs >c 1: de\ dorn'.cni *.i Hack powder us a propelling again, it. U because rht-.e very processes and projxrrtiio arc as essential to its prodm/bon and eflicicncv as an explosive used w the ]v;-o;iu[ art,. As ; CommcMator on \ he du Ikiin < aim j\ta\' s aem me% .md progress has a]read v written: " 1 he coni pane began irs career in a rime of peace, siipplvine j,`owder lor ox pioneers, whose food depended upon the r guns; il it rhe blasting of rucks and rhe clearing ml highways and Jur order cmerprkes essen tial to the growl h ed 1 :ie yom:g nat ion.'' No reader, remembering that high explosives did not been.)me a factor m the development of ihc'-c "c-wx-mial enterprises'' imtll i ic Sih decade of the last ecjmirv. will overestimate what r uemenbous pari black powder placed in rliis development. So great was ike demand for :cs most i mportunt ingredient, sail pet re, that not enough of Ir could hcobr.iincil from abroad. Notwithstanding that the chemical indnorv knew- eg the large nitrate fields of Chile, rhe suKiiuuion of .sodium nitrate for saltpetre in rhe mamifuct an: of h ack powder had not hern an Adored because ir 1bsorbed moisiitrc tor) readily, and ir was essential :o ` keep one's powder dry." it remained for l.anmoi du Pom, the fat her of our present president. to /mineout that for use in rhe peaceful .iris pinvder would not have to oe subiected ro long sojrage and that bv gi\-jng its grains a smooth surface and high polish, tinis c osing rheir pores, the si-.rur-rah enu-d he iiscij radsfacton \* lor most blasting powder purposes. In 1^-. MV -hi Poor poviued hi % rouvicr ion and since {Omthmtd on pog? 4f) 77fie XDXJ PONT*ci-z.me? 3jro.nivlai^ -pdUflMnm & fi'tmtuurciol ^lintfrfistr. 'If Xu.H....v **j . \i\ rn L rx n'ksDA\s~\Nn inniAAs. b v vnr><; c- >;i.n x s . l o s Tk es s s t k e k t . ...j io s t o .y FK/Wi, Fmm JHY 5. liM. ! fm R Igi: Axs. i :W;M, 1Tc U.\' oj ihe v i.'i >in ]'JIJ11 ! C J I j 'pr 2 g, ivprcsi .and ivutti the Iroru pane of a Bu-.ion new,- r-'.ir-: ; s \ car-> ago. iercriorr- t he c-neem i : which Ltic Jii Punt ( !uill- WS - i'.C.;.[ C5- C: 1 If! UUr-CCarU d.JN'.. Hr ihvr.-. Anew ' )'ifteen v c ;u n ago. not a tree was l.JiC.- 05: <1.! Lwk, C:\Jf i iiiill ..o.dvidicJ there. Awe, upwards oi oriC ihvW-uiiJ nitn, v. .mum, and children arc conhorwldv lodged. fed .jrnAlie-nTed hv i he '.mgl-c v W: hh Til w;i t W 'he \U - - Daponm, i*ii that -aw,mi. I';i; \ h:i . ( r w o puwdiT mi ID v. h ich ,:n; ir- cow-oici operation; the demand : heir ova being greater than diev ca*i HijppU , \1h h ii a '.'car a^n, a dreadful c\ph ins- Jc-nvwd uvaHv tile. whoic of Ten ok; powOer ii. hat die rain i.-. new rehuni. on the plan ui liietr ui:u non. w hie : n- -e* fixed that i i v.ec ot an cv r . wani. idle wi-Viiel a i i he conhne.t io t ie port h,eiA n- up. The \\a! i> are vu'v d'uk a'-d wl La':-.::; ;Hld ]'C.!'.Y rvt.-TiwS. Aw row is or wood, and vets' and --i./inn--; towards the stream, ol course, mi tew of -ci t.\plosion. the v.-hoL dc- I UlilsWC * V :1\e had.hnd woidd he in hd:; a e ; he r<; ij f 'a i ; J d simph. he Hn*-\ t over h im rile scream........... "Vs :w; an ion on4: p . iev el a .le'-'i. 1?: wlVre'i a ilUSlslKT i8l liW'' ssxev k'-r. rhe Mr- |)e|-i>n?s *;a\c to :.a h vvidan.s arid orphan . anneal -n- M:i;e. h' the c\;'i*j-iOi; ..hi'iit a tear ,i e,- e ihir; v cr;e \: \ e - svere ht-.r. a in! chew :.;en:dL-mei'- cenee:.-u-4\ prr-aieh die '-.unc kw'.;earn pie- are worchv . ij ; i:; e: i :i! i . " I he h p;ie ee.irle.licil .ilV Cc airenicd IE '. , ike epeii; r.n t ar\ re end; i >::nr..p die war the ve"v i"e-M ei-Mii vva-. Uiadc ai , -- ili i- iaetcr` . and I lies' are now cinplm ed ^ "" ,r, wnkir':.; iM'-aiuran'- LUnb u*r rhe ;mc-P' ^ ui d;e IddlcJ State*.. *! he; a*c hke'.s *-,c ^ arrcrrcsl ir a mauniaci ure -I uiUi m. and aw f h >s v c .\ teii-isxi'-. ea e.Wcd : n iE.aiuhn.a inn;; tr. a id - oi iln % nia renal ;o die i di-rred Orate - C .pne.eeted '.v: i i ilicir e--t.. hi i -\: rnerj t is ri eet:eii'.i\c \ a-me *\\ in which, hv elicrntal process, iht leather becomes 111 fur use, ui the first tjualttv, in three ss ecks. I hen: kstt her ^i'ands a.-, hied; in the I'liiladclphia market, where it is best known, rm does their powder in the l kiimi States. 1 lulecd. the reputation ol rhesr powder is not confined to this c<>u;]f.rv. it is we!) known in South America,and in other parts of the world. "All rhe c:- r a Mi sli men ts we have dewribed are on the same stream; and altlioo eh in the vicinifr of each other. ,iic u:r.it ;i siiihcic.' < instance to be safe e\cn iwni ar.v apprehension of danger to ihe oilier e:-iabH:-limem:s from the gum powxk'i' concern ''During ihe war Ail), Messrs. Du pont V. Co. raised shree hundred men from among rln-r own workmen, armed and cxjiii p-ped ihcm. I urnishcd them with amimmkion, held them in readiness, and often encamped them under the coni"" mail'd, of one id the brothers, ready, at st moment -i warnm", to defend the soil . a gams i the cneuo . "There i - one fact curmectecl with this sul'ucif, wtirrhv ol mentioning* Propo sals have been wveruf times made m \kAsfs, Dupont-- ru manufacture inferior powder lor shipping, and to sell it, jodcr ihe umerjon o|- rheir name, at a h'.t.le less price. J hcv have constantly win a:d banning n\ .my such sussesriojis. We imderscand rhev have lately icen urged on t he -uh*vct, on thegftJond rt:ar imoi fur nunuihcrory did the same, am.! was hv that means enabled to under sell them -'or hjipidng. But they have sternlv refn-ed. . m.k as we hear, are firmly dewnntned to reiuse ever to listen a .aiv siii h mmr.i: unis. Their powder m niik- prtidmih lngh m the estimation of the amn aid n.o. c of the United S(a to*1-, -t - well -s wiifi all s|n>i i auci; who hi\'c fried it. 13k c <u isumption o; if. is vein gieut in die Southern ar-J Middle States. Id erv dav make.-- it bci rer kiimvn and nicre.me.s the comsump: ion ui A in Xo'' l--i.-ol.md........ 10 Cfite DUPONT-%fl2m<? OLD BLACK POWDER DAYS L'iU't itin ; \ of w./i'l y -j Ik /Ij cvnurey <to nyv beon^J.u to minJ i-j fbv ter? ice of ibis orz/V/g one of the oldest naive employes of tin lompitny The president'x <;un Cu*-' tn the cariy eighties ih I. W. M.u -k l i.N! X the ihirrv-::t*sr dav of Mav, iSSe. f was wared or* evcliid velv hir rhe men where they could depend deeds a wagon m Irorr of the ordinal on Hr no uihee on assd vabaahie papers of am* kind for sab humping. flic Brandywine. watching two men m con vers.anon along On hi> daily rumds ot inspection, lie Used a home and tllC lOiid^ulc. bugg w i he hitce- being somcwiim di Herein from i be ordi One.* of these men wih niv fat hut; die other. Das id 1*. nary buggy of that period. It was conspicuous on the road 1 i*r!et t, who was iur mam* veum l.i u hi a I and cinder. t and, if seen in the distance, w.o. useallv a warning of a member of the olhee stuff of II. I. Ju Pont Jc XI-mmii'N aru! vior from '\\Jr. Memo'." lie kept in touch wnb mar.v Casinjianv. During the coiutsar cm. activities, viunng d.ihv .some pordnn El>cy tuned row.ml me. ami I could of i he: plants or company larmhuuh. J--dgef rom t heir.smiles that i he * `pm '' including banwi: per-ocaf pro pen :c>. "as the >uh;ecr under discewion. Ails! Mr. du Ho ir vikl nuch of lux Jerter- s ft proves!. ior vets' soon t here a i ter wriring in the evenings, which tieces- 1 was informed (hat an olirce hov a ;i\ siiaiwf rhe rerun? io ;lie office of the needed io -tart work the hdlownur correspondent clerk to copy them, and Mm jrnmg. \\ hether hy design or ui her- get them into ilie early mail next XV1H'i 1 was selected to ill 1 the posh ion mom.ng, h fell to mv lot to be on U*m porari f}-. However, be I o re a dure before -a\- each morning in order numrh hud pav-cJ. I k-nso Ju Pont, to get the madman wr and to start the then p-e>idc-nf oi rhe company, (old six-mule teanw on their card work. lather that d "die hoe" mined him, iheemplovmcm would he permanent. ( )ur quaint stone olhee a bang i be ! iMiid vw ine at that rime was dis ided : in the carK a Jo! have stenographer at:d ivpewriters. Ail our lei lei'.-- were sw'Hteii in longhand. Mr. dn Puns vN*i*ore his own letters, i Hto lour rooms. One was occupied by Aw bookkeeper, another In* the ship using far the purpo--c a quill lien; he icvei* used steel pern. The typewriter ping clerk. who was also cashier; the thin.! In* the statistical clerk, while fhc fourth room was occupied hv the 1 ma-esporuient* clerk and rlie writer. j. W. MACK!.CM wa.-dirM introduced to the Brandywine ofhee in Marc;:. Dll. Our correspon dent clerk, I-'rank E, Haley, and I were curious to understand tile workings ci 1 1 "'hose desk the telegraph instrument, was located. ihe machine; so we hired one for a month, keeping it at Hie (irsi annex to the structure, buih in rhe very early our respective homes for practice purposes. Before flu- PaXod of the company, was uccopted as a private olhee month w.t> up, Mr. ! laLo pry paree some -of the oiujuii. * Icurv ilu |\inr. During his iortv \ ears of work in letters on the new dec ice ;nd pi iced them on Mr. du Ponr I, this room. a hole re - mu hi mg verv much 'he shape of a lor ho. sign;, rare. He in stand v heca me tnrcs'esf evl .md sobh|cr h j was worn in the floor wider hU desk. 1 pre** issued orders dtat wc piirchaw o-x tor oflice use. h w smuc it is siill m evidence ;-r least it \v;c when we <1 w- needles- -,,s >jv dial tficrcatrer ,ju lAmt ceased to write corujEHicJ using chat olfice. 'The '-croud annex, buih ;u the h.te sevearies, was u>ed more pan tc jkirl v a> an executive* chamber. Colored II. A. du Pom and Mr. Album Je Ponr his Laiers m lo ighaud. Inn -<r:hhh.u! diem or' in the rmigii for the row, to tvpe. At the work.-> h.wns were stabled rhir:v-sj% head vi ,!* * ^ccepied this room as Then- pen, at*e olfew. Heairy dti Pom* was a natural-horn general of indmm*. dmihi ){ any one cculJ lure been heucr qm. liked i o -.no iiUiks .cu. .ihasi rie-ariv. nember oi hor-es. phw-cwral spa"o-- or ext*ra-- ;n ca>c .no oJ the "regular's nvr_- indo.|*H>sevi. Ihe hor'-e--, wL-iy i--eJ on- i lie farms, oi do- ns t.idler, Hlenrhere hvnec. and fiis brother. Alfred, work- ami for extra huibinm Out i.ii*ae covered wag ms ho, forty \e.iTWtii m.uiawmoa. die ioundariuiis oi ofAhct ..one-toga tvre. hmu'ey *so.:L! r.i>r luo e .ippeart C l-ie eouipam-, lunncialh and otherwise, were wror.gh Xlilt up. lie always had the interest of the empluve;, ai !otu. In the udiic safe, for example, a box v as maintained conq^kte unless drawn hv six ninlys each. The -e wagons \s'ere hu11 i n c^ur uwn d'lopc and were especially adapted to the needs of die business. 1 hey were II U. ^ ' . EXPLOSIVES HISTORY ]\, ' ;t. (be ;h'i vl'/p?j/uir nf j kn i adits 1 that has (nlpcd a alock. rast stores nf // t.y///.! in tlx /a inn's prop l nu: two a' i C viHil-'I'M 1 IXI Fi beTM CIOWC-.-. dletl in j. f OOXHvsUY. Hh o w .\ AL/.-;.,. .v. ? . n.;..OA..v.\ -UM'i. se' on u nj: ul:-. of d\-iu mite. The domestic con-' aeriormn o' Inch cxplodves for hlast- t : uuw i i>,,: la > piu\ ee mp purposcs m fi e rear 192,6 had risen im-re important p-ur* dun ecpkwtw to th-c unprecedented quanmv of put under Jour hundred ' dc-r rm onpwwi ruhc-mw miJio.i pound-., and it w an wteresdni.; fact that hi a 'e.' U-cC. Mild :iiL" 111: ' t adaptable i- --Mi.de i He j s 1 f! ;,i dun s c.ir il ere were produced at the doi.i'ivic. 1 hou<41: i i:ropW'tXTim lie Reputmo Works -ullidrtu commercial high expio.d ves to ~\_h;c;:C .'t x ;:a!il He. w,r. d; --o >vcred K*.' have -iipplioi the err ire demur J of the Cuimrrv in t S-S:.. du *: 'WUcru.d uunmacuue and u -m of x--- ir.n he -xiw to dale Iroin file e WCtUjC el ' : or..phixrirt Lwiorv near Hambunr, (her 'r. ; dvr ueaLMUrc rherc . tew war: m - .{' \. he-'-. J'- Winder. I >i Pi iv ` I 1 \ I a ni k f\ u-u-wu. H r\ r i i vi ms It *.h i? the hcpmmn.11 the importance of research was wcopmeed. and as earl*. ,t. wW there wi aceompi ished the 'uCeV.-xxKil recox-ers' old he acids uW 111 the inauui;iCtt:re oi iiiiiwdwcim. About ten s'eufs Liter the introduction oi icfriporation m to tins operation m.nle por.silile still i. v a -. r-r,:ciu.s:'*v n: the infancy ui the iriucrv lieu further ecorn'iiicarid el men tied tts prearc-.i' fia/.anl, it J-' Poo! cvralih-d5ed ir 1 vWw r Rcpaniav m tie YV...X aha:- J sirup f hew ear; v wars that nitrate of ammonia IXLiw t t River. riu; hwamltc factory dial. is now rie we-, hrst used .w ;m in^rcdierc: of donumirc. Tlw nnpor- L:i:;e-a m *hc w-mwi. I rom fh-.o. dm to this the da Pont lance of this dcvvloninens. is a:te.-ted b\ the fact dull the C : *11 p, 1 w ha here the lea Jer in. 1 he hod? explosives m.Jy-x- Js'namite of tod a-, concerns a greater tpianriEV of rrirrate ?r-% M'WHhevnp die in-:nr 01 the an et die manufacture of ammonia than ot m ci'ocrx-cerm, arkl the exjiispmeru' that of vxp.ou*.c- arc to their wjapiatron to die wined ibc> w .;n tcxiulled fur it- manufacture enaofed Anencun pro- dei-ci:idest hv tl.e rapid chances i>f modern ci% iliza lion. dneers to supply the < a.n eminent with tfie immense cpian - Mrh-.mci: i.,a;rr::ot e.u Poet orcdiaed ui ; *ie rrnc t ic nncxofnnratc of am n-ama rei.uire%'. tor mtlirarv purp;.>scs Repanro plan: v c iweip inalr liiat evemuaii v it wcudd dcrmi; die \\ orL! \\ ar. K 1 V:k larce-.t dvn.imue plant in ,'\n:cr.ca, it is xiouhrful d In 1 there wo esfahl.shcd at llcpauno an explosives x- x!! ix: fV'rc--,i\>. die extent to which would crow the re-carch Lthoratotw t he hdmiern I atlxnxi ton , and through oid'iur. :r o h;ch he ha-d e!:ds.;-rkcd. In P.vu voE n - achte^-ernent - thedi. IK-nr (.nirijunv assumetl the lead before -a - naanch dea-w. there were cofivjmcd m the er.ship in exploxires research whidi it atill rcuitts. The 12 <Me DU PONT U a iin y. i n e great: mipruvcrjciHs rhnf the compam hmade ir ihe pmpert ic.s u. high explcwixes, and their ad fu.stmcnc to the ncw u--cs com mu ally arising, have been due largely to the work performed ;*r this laboratory. Out; s vrz vnuN WilKk' h was also in ojoi that the du Pont Ciniip.uiv be/-:n the centralization oJ tes high explosive'* interests, involv 'd^ the L'sEahJ Mi incur of operating and salt's depart meim in W iimington. Th:s brought about. in the course of the nexi ten year:., an advancement in n.uu.laeture and sales >hat even the most optimistic had not eunrcmplatcd. Man ifactuthig processes os/re standardized, great strides oere made in eliminating i he hazare.s or n-a tufacrurc and of h-aiKpunatum by rail ami on the highway?.; co->is were gi e;-i l ly impiovrj, due to taking owr the mu unhurt urc id osme o( i he more unguium raw materials ami the more nivanuyeotm purchasing of the others. as well as to greatly improved elhckncies on the ohmt.-; sales district > '.verct harm-d ami wiling prices logically bawd; a tedmio I ''ales strvtcc was instituted which proved o! incalculable *u!v.inrage not onlv to the cwnpum hur also to Us cus tomers; and an organization was built up and a personnel dvxeloped that enabled tlu'dn Pont t'uiv.-panv ro oerform ^ea.s during die W or Id War that no other supplier ol `iinimu'iuoiw couhJ equal. I .ow-Flhi:xiv<, |)v\ \\JITLS ^ is well known ;hui the dvnamito. trsi produced would freeze at comparative!) high temperatures, neces sitating the Hiawmg of the sticks in the wir.rer months, wdiich was an operation inhe*'ciirlv dangerous and which ^`suited in many accidents. A w.tx nflowrriiig ihefreez.ing [H)int was cowcquectlv one of rhe nrs.r research problems attacked. A bereiorc. perhaps die most important improvement in high explosives that has been brought about aue. a furiJantcuul one....was the development iir<t in iy..w of nitroglycerin high explosives with lowIrccziiig properties, ansi rite improvement of these from time to Lime uniiI in 191-) there were produced dynamites and gelatins, containing nitroglycerin, which could he depended upon nor 10 freeze at any dimunc teinpcrut ure encountered in rhixcountrv. The thawing kertle is .1 thing ol flic past. It is now possible m t he month ol January lor the open-pit mmer of Minnesota to lire his chayge mb dviunute xx ith a - much assurance of .success ;i> the xu;mphhdter in Alabama. T10. Fr;s r Pi-k m issun.:' J.xri.osixu % Another problem was chat of providing cxplos.ve-' that conk: he toed sal el v in gaseous and dnsrv coal mme-a L;p ro lyoy blaek biasing poxxdci has been used almost exclusively for mining conk and maitv disascrou . move cs plosion*, had been attributed to :t x use. In the: war die du Pom Compare pur out idle Ur.-,: saferv, or so called permissible. explosive-.. a-- rhe re-adr of -wentl years 0/ intensive work at the I la: tern ,,.ahor,; torx . I he need or th s class of explosives i death shown he the fact that in 1 ->2.6 over sixer live million pounds of permn0hits wax- ?okl ro the coat mine' o! rile dnited Stares. Another development, entirely original with du Pont, and which ;ibo was p.irrictihHv udx-mrugeoos ro rhe cc.ai mining industry, was rhe successful control in woo of L :ie velocity ot dcrornition ol permnssihies. This accomplisl'menl enabled t he mine i)\vner to select an explosive xvhicVi would give him a larger proportion of camp wul than had previoudy been possilde. An achievemeni ilia: has proved far reaching \\a*. rhe placing on rlie market in K)i~ oh the first sO-Celled lowxfeiisity. amniomam nitrate pemussihie, A liftv-pourk rwcotlsrwc^and thal^atiantii Cfinal--OTU! of the greiitex t engirietsring fetus itx histary--was madef>fys-nibia through thoxixe ofhigh eJiJ?lasives, twr"' rei'u ired abou t SO, 000,000 pounds, the larger part of which u>as supplied by t he du Pan t Company, The view here shows Culebta Cut where dynamite was freely used to break down the barrier walls of the mountain 33 # SO PONTJ%^z 5 cas jf rt!h' is cxpios ve contained one hundred and sixtv idgex {the old standard 40 per cent ran one ufidred cartridges to the case). From then ill. 3wer density explosive until in 1 .)2.% Monohel No. t-lW construcdon of the Hcosac Tunnel, the Chicago Drainage Canal, built in die years 1891 to 1896 and cut for thirteen miles through solid rock, was the first great construction project which depended for its success upon the use of dynamite. Next came the Panama Canal. No one will --....... ....... gainsay the fact that the greatest of all fac- [ tots in carrying this gigantic undertaking the 1 cion c 2 POW4 pcwdci they n i-pircueh black h :h p i to a successful conclu sion was the applica tion of suitable high explosives and blasting accessories to the dif ficult engineering prob lems involved. Between oal scplo t he years 1903 1915, sixty mi J lion pounds of explosives wereutilized in this construction. The Sha rid a ken Tun nel, approximate! v eighteen miles long, /orId War it was re which brought to New go i zed that xurph ! 0 vein men z expl osi v. Trap roch CjfWiifm'ftr, jeh t : the one pictured here, provMte millions of fee>ns of mad-building mt eri(i$~~~bu I tJ r until dynamite Toe* irs tiiorjfe York City an adequate water supply, was a -1 gh c he thrown r large consumer of gel ;c *:.irk0r wv. flic-:' Ik>111 ( ornp.mv rrepated ;rw!f and atin dvnamice, especially designed for iliac particular : op.! r;,,rLeied .t * la-: mg high exj-hoove, Du'nontc, work. Other large project', which rehed on dvn.itni cc for ;.j 11 ^i"i: aa ii'iC'.; -i w. pnr.c pal explw-nc mgredicnr arrd- their mic c v w were t.ie New York suhwavs, the Mof'ar. vr- 'both the pyro ,1 id cordite Tunnel. and nmv die Cu'Cade Tunnel on the (jrcat Yon h Dl: II: Of: It: %vu - :i:c turerrad' of she Cavern ern Rad wav, which upon iw eoruplcrion will be the long Ctiitor.d c\ p iOu wo. bod and and Pvrotol, bn; h cwt railroad tunnel in the Western Hemisphere. The mining list" hec;: i`i )diuxd be du Pont for the C-overn - of coal, and the extraction from the reluctant ear (h of r iVc Lu'vc-0 ','VT.r.iCt ever '-vriHii; iron ore, copper. and other nine mb-. ail >0 necessary ro ixivir \Ol ven t brief* X :vlidl dm ki j would k 1: the r .elir\ labor'-. ;n - h bu ns rhr P1 ; m* !*r sis a 1 the cvcr\ Ja\ neevY of modern indu-ary, could he accom pi idled ojiiy by untold ci fort without die use of modern Inuh e.\pi; :>J VCV W fi lie the iacr-. .0 ]ir si's iH.rlaw! m rhv hiregoing turn:- i w . 0 r he i ma I 'WCCC'' ul rnnnv great cnginoer'iig cccmhil chapters m rbe -torv, rhev arc, a; 1 cr all, only 1 hough high explc^ I\ l in r he f111-11- id I rqa id in. ficat i311 ^ id die hismrv wliich w still be mg written CCwOv ilihv'";SSI C:u % I f: ho from Jj v to Jav, or the I'voion-ui d dynamite and it' l O: V.ii hSC III) boon kachiL Railroad-: and ir ihe hubnigarna? to the needs of civilization. mw O: WHtm. 4lr- ^ msM/m One return oj the du Fanr Company's new dynamite. pUml at MinernS Springs, muir Birmingham Mabaina, The plant comprise# more thint fifty build*n*xs m un are*i of 12^0 uores, unit Has a eupueiey af pounds aj high c a plosive* a year H \7/ie DU POTST,. /urnax me? Dynamite, wax then a new prodma, and the author of this a nick was private secretary to L.nnnto! Ja Finn, joirndcr of the da Font hiyh explosives business HlTomic.ur iom oft he ;! u Pi m! Ciimpuny wwv firmly built I>\ il:ose By C Motuic. H. Ke-.r r "You got here first, d idn'r you?" "Yes, sir, 1 caught the elevator/' replied the udl-kmAvn pioneers in the powder iudustre hi America me >-'jnger. ' ' Id ere i>. a dollar fur getting here lirst, in i Si.11. h\.t n o isupov* thle to visualise adequately rhe Ju-u then rhe-wcone 1 title messenger hnvcaine in, all out immense value ol the superstructure made possible bv tbc of breath. ' Well, vou came last, didn't your" ni;;r vclous foresight of Lam mot du Poor, who was a pro- "Yes, sir. ' replied t he second youngster, "I mi wed rhe Jonrui student ol explosives. cfeva:<>r and had to run all the w j v In i SVi, rcnliy.in^ the i mpurtant parr up the stairs." eg, uaiuitc was lo plav m (he industrial Mr. du Pont smiled hro.nLy as he upbuilding o: A nierica , hccnir.Miencev reached in his pocket. "Well,'' lie Uir ercc'l ion of I hr Kcpaiino { .hcmica1 said, "here is a. dollar for coming last." Work-' now the largest dynamite The etret mstances connected with plum if ! hr world, and it wa - there mv entering Mr. du Punt's employ had he j iil l lit': liiiiurL', death in iKSc. an .imnbng a* peer. The morning 1 was in rhr short space of lot.r wars. he ns rule up jm dm ies, he asked me to had su aldv conducted the business meet him cm the steps of rhe Philadel hut the du Pom (hmjuiiv w as placed phia National Hank. When we met, Hi die lead ol high explosives m.uni- lie cu "ered the hank, drew a check for Ltctuicis...a pooiatm which has beer Si ,uuu, a no intiod tu eil me to the cash retained ever since. That his \ iston oi ier as h:s secretary. Cashing the check the in Lure was well-founded is rvi he handed me the money, telling me denccd hv 1 hr t act that sales of dll Pont he was going West for a couple of dynamite in the United Stales last year weeks. He tok: me u> go to his office Were over per Cent greater ihai: and furnish it, pending his return. the sales reported fur i8Si, when he j fee a ted the office, bought a hand w;i:i ia charge at Rep.iuno. :n:d equal some carpet, desks, chairs, and what to all the dynamite used in tile rest of was quite u r.iritv tn those days, a Lie world m that nme. GUORt,} II. Ki.HR typewriter, in addition to having the Another c\ iilencc oi the rremendou walls rather gaudsfv painied. growth of the du Pont (ompmtv is l hat when I entered Mr. du Pont walked in one morning, and looked around. the empkn of Lammut du Pan: in i 'Si., there were only seven clerks in one&oom, and ! he president and 3in ;elf in "Have \uu anv of the monev left." he asked. "No,'M replied. * a nut her, ai Walnut. .Sired. Philadelphia. * i didn't think vou had You're certain!v h ' tor Only seventeen vear> foul ciapsee, since the cl o h - o! the prenr. ` f Nil War. during which time the public had been made k was an expression 1 never forgot. Then he drew an- LilK cognizant' of ihe personality and characteristics oi oLker cheek lor Pi.ooo, told me to gel :i cashed, 1ms a Pied dent Lincoln, and during my intimate relations w irh safe and put what was ledt of rhe iiinnev in it. Air. du Pont, I came :o recogmae how dowdy he resembled Naturally, in accompanying Mr. du Pont on i-ianv of f-Hti martvred president; his umistul height, hi> slightly his trips, 1 came into contact with rhe majority of the angular figure. Ids heard, his deep set eves, beaming with men with whom lie transacted business, hut neither before k rtdliiicssarul humor, ar.d hia absolute Jaime generosi: v, nor .a nee base I met a man who wa wo uni versall y ad m i red, muisuai shrewd ness, and a rein .irfcable sense of humor. resoccred and loved a< he waw Like Lincoln he could nhv.ivs tcfl ;i story r har wa*. apro Mr. du Ponr had Pvijiicrtfv odd me rhar nnvnnc who pos of aiw uhiect under discussion. A > an example of his visiied a high explosives plane, \s ii'.n>.!r having to do m>. generodtv and humor, this incident is charactet'htic: was a fool In March, kS-f. a Mr. Acker-on, representing Y idling to send a ictegr.nn he rang the hells o? rwn rhe Xierrchem Arm*. Company, of St. Louis, hroogbr ? ^ telegraph hoses in l lie oihec iw Call the messer-gets. 1 asked Plid.-delidha a carindge of comped i vc Joiniio winch, li m why he rang both, and he merely smi'ed mid said, it was ;-;u'-peered, infringed on the patents held by m at 'Wait and ,,cc '* thar time. Mr. Acker.-on irndsivd on vi*iting the work-, In a shun lime, tin: door opened and one little soessen- to die chagrin of Mr. du P-mu who made everv efiori to gerhuv rushed in and came m a halt before Mr. da Pont. dissuade him, bur was too courteous to refuse to go with 15 "Jh*' 017 ]^OlNTbHuei*ziric- THE IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY IN DU PONT INDUSTRIES Uo;r j c/v/; v/ pyyJ/h't i* Ihts ha)! ./(/t /^/v .7 from ivL/tivi'h' jvit Vine mjh-r/a/s. / (h *:**v I *' u-.vi u /-v iv /.v iv -: x/;v ;hsa/.\`Wil ni this tllumniiUur^ jyticlt IE wride r'and;hca t': ' ! 1 1 J : live ' ": ! led chc mica i i % industry. /T [):;. ( K.M-: . CJtutn / A sex-cmpl died in thf!rot> and : Tv LilCtS e * he hf row - .re iisuul. % i o L'. a Vi;. r-. i l in. hivin an, \ie h, ind ie- ac lewin i up- PUN iiy cficm icat techO 010 vhen, a? a nmteer of fact. these rc-Jurisreidl i ps , div'CstC-d of chemic ,id nomenclature, arc ejiiii '.. . cur. ; i Til oil cfonwardl, and e.a*ilv understood. This co 1 ' 'M !' 1 V lufac .. ..j ill any chflerent product's whose i nnc . ; l relation s are not: ar all obvious to one link ... : hrwkfi chc niicaj ina nufucui ring, that it gives rise CO L he Lhou ghr then > ill!; cocall v' different lines of ... Cotnpar , ! ! mateer of fact , the= :cs of die tlu Font. Fori ,, ic of rhe ,!: ' !: in teres,tsng examples of clicmic.i ; llstl ip, E. L dll Four dc i\ei11OUJ ". \ Coin pitoy, as is gciicr- l!v kiltHOI., be.gan butt ness as n purely >exp! osives m anu- Jaccuriri .v. 1 niceim, The nia mifa cture of black sporting powder conipi-i sed this Coll ifxin y's firsti business. For a good in., i vea i Tl w i OgpOwder, spor ting powder, and powder for innili.cunr purpose s was ail of the black variety and was macleb;vim:orpcjrari ng a few esse ntial ingredients. charcoa jlplnir and sailtpetrc% In ! 846, Sehonbeio -s M , ;\ . St ? n i- di-covered ih.u wlKnord-r.in uiifui; F r m. .. ova led veil hrm nr atoTt.uden he pwipcr v 1. lr,: U I I i OH . A CD i_ li : i A : Pt H,. L U 3U v JCv il:T,..H iVNiilUlIH ill Cuinhllicit'KJEj hctVWUi UtC * i r rru acid and i lie evil ton .n d i he ` orm.u ion ol ;i nun ru: I whitoi huritod r. ilh u p Ic mv c viukrw unde:' Certain cun aeuiiA lu Allied XThvJ diwovcied dial vdiu: giveenn was treated with mine acid, a chemical reaction took place which resulted in the formation of a highly explosive oil.'" In It. Perkin discovered that when lie treated crude aniline sulfate ^mixture of sulfates of colukliuc and aniline) with potassium bichromate and sulfuric acid, a precipitate, aniline black, resulted. From this precipitate, by extraction with methyl alcohol, lie obtained anilinehi tie or mauve. Industries founded on these chemical reactions have been predominantly important in determining the financial positions and prosperity of na tions, have resulted in the creation of balances of trade, have determined the outcome of wars, and have been of the utmost significative in determining world history and national development. The fact that Germany appro priated, and for many years practically monopolized, the synthetic color industry, gave her a certain chemical pre- * J Ascar'llw Siihrero {ISSIHi was prutjaMy the first to ttiake this dlsrowry. Alfred, Nobt!, Siowevt:., was the firtt to &*.' nitraglywrin with n detonator.) A partial time of the Eastern Laboratory area at Repaxtno Works. Gihhstaun,, New Jersey, where research umrk on high explosives has been conductedfar many jears. The original kibtvmiory is shown in, the center of the picture, hi the extreme left is the analytical laboratory, ami in the right foreground, ihe administration building* Iveaihmtirlets of the laboratory staff 16 dj/ic DU Tj O>T IT/iat ta>:ino cmnu-nrr ,-jnJ imm-rulou-dy -ai mulaivd chair cal row. I'iiriK'nfion, and oi mha* nfifausi nuitorixic <ui.T us :H noth 'i! thu i nivcr'-i;k-H ;u k ! in the iv.crunc^ In ia t au!-rar derivatives, wex nx in.rial steps which i Ik com dice:. 1 he importance * ifthiscari :.c:tr:cl v fcovcrcsi Fua p;uiv took in wlua lu now became a dhcr*:iicJ chemical ;uiJ if i imi.aaTh' iveugri/ed to luu- Ixru'? a deo i aria are. *aaoi i;i lie: indy:- Inal ..icvelopmei: L. V. e iruikifliliiiR- vLUumr piuduas inni> celridow or 11;, do. cJopirienr oi cheap. abundant Mtpjbic- ci c >111- Conor a-, a raw 111.1tcri.1l. The m.nurjciure or mew prod m-rcial high to,pla,-:Ue-,. -:.nc when pro pur I v kas-JIcJ, md uces imoke-. di;.-:.ih ing the compouilJ:. in sOkento like C hem ualh n E.iHc , Lin;1,. the a fore, le upoi prolonged ether Lind alar hod : n oiVcr to ohm in a fed y-iike material. nora-ia and : he specialization whkn nloao taken place in The , cwkirniei:; of vnnm::. ampntKLof eeihalow, urd fhc m.imi.h.cairc of var nus kinds of hi h cxp3<vi w- or die varum? tvpt> or >oI,d and 1 iquid -u>kur:is oi l lev adapted fa specific re compounds were looks I quirements. have been step, in our de velapmeu r dee i rise Lie torn ii our i of such products ;w Pyra- awn it.atonal develop j 1m, Fabrikoid, spray and ment, because the wide brush Diico. exren i of tetri eery com In our development of prised within the United propellent powders, we States has necessitated a ret] ui red d i phenyl ami ne tremendous amount of as a stabilizer and at once railroad and highway we were interested in construction in order aniline, which is the th at interstate commerce basic material for the might be facilitated. production ofdiphenyla- Then* too, the milling of ii3 ine, But aniline is coal and of metals de made by treating nitro pends. to a very impor benzene with iron and tant extent upon ihc hydrochloric acid s so adaptation of commer cial high explosives to the highly specialized re Libraries are exxentiai in. research work Du Pont chern ists are well equipped in this respect , with six libraries containing many thousands oj books, technical and trade journois and patents. The view here shows a section of the Experimental Station Library at Henry Clay, Delaware that our need for aniline was another angle to our interest in the nitration quirements of these of aromatic hydrocar- different types of milling. Safety explosives for coal have horn of coal-tax" origin. From this and from our develop been die subject of much attention in the research labora ment of nitrated aromatic compounds in connection with tories of the tin Pont Company and important developments the manufacture of lowTreeing dynamites, there Followed have taken place not only in these, but in all commercial closely and almost immediately our production of oitro- high explosives. Abundant supplies of cheap coal, iron benzenes, iiitronaphthalcncs, and nitrotoluenes in wide and copper io a mechanical age, where electricity and variety. These materials, together with aniline, diphenyl- steam and the internal combustion engine are prime mov amine, nitroxyicnes, chlorbenzene, nitrated chlorbenzenes, ers, are, ofcourse, favors of the first importance in national arid the nitrated phenols, such as picric acid, represented prosperity. our first production, not only of materials which were in ft is modem applied science which creates such mecha those days very important in the explosives business, bur nisms as that which allowed a Lindbergh to wing his also of materials which were logically a part of the arrow flight from New York to Paris in the time that it foundation of the synthetic dye business. took out great-grandfathers to travel from New York to The manufacture of acids, heavy chemicals, and dyes Is Trenton. Ail the tremendous mechanical developments of closely bound up with the manufacture of pigments and the last few decades depend to an important degree upon lakes, and it was logical for ns to become interested in the the availability and cheapness of abundant supplies of development of pigments and heavy chemicals. In con fuel and of iron, copper, vanadium, barium, chromium, nection with the manufacture of nitrocellulose solutions aluminum, magnesium, fin, zinc, and other base metals. for coating fabrics and die use of pigments and colors of The development of applied chemistry has been greatly various types in these solutions, and in connection with stimulated in the United States by the activities of the the use of drying oils for various types of waterproof, d.t.t Pont Company, primarily as a high explosives manu coated fabrics, the du Pont Company has long been ac facturer, and subsequently as a large and growing chemi quainted with the properties and methods of handling cal manufacturing concern producing a wide variety such materials as linseed and Cliinawood oils- The manu f chemically related products. The manufacture of facture of lacquers and of photographic films were two sulfuric acid from pyrites, or from sulfur, and of nitric avenues of approach to an extensive acquaintance with acid from Chilean sodium nitrate, and the combination hisr-drying pyroxvlin solutions, a wide variety of sol vents, of these acids for the manufacture of nitroglycerin and of materials for gelatinizing pyroxylin, gums, drying oils, :7>2c DIT PONTJt^/i?zwo a.;V the like. Ow Jin;\i j'.iUll hUJl V .*r;: i -1: Kl'lll-Lw-, i' a sets Jive and growing <u mx- In order dial du !,*: udeu urno Cnfrqni-at-:- t, r : dw ledge :o:d lone >. \ pen ./no; lu Punr Company mav keep properly ahrc.iNt of ihedeveh ai. ;hc-e vam-i.;-' liHTvJicr-, n.iuK'ha ncavv cu:nr opmeno- ?n f he variou- 1 mtx of'chcnnc.d ithluM r\ in which wii . r;gm. in L,ke.-, b)w. wheats, puvxyJm, en ::ig we arc erypagcxl or which ailed mir huancx, :i we-oeainal ; I -. c:' IV . C-!. i ! I. f: .3 J gc n 7 - ,, clC . a;; d iU's Unx1 % e ka-. i?i ;h,u turnnii.J ..ttenurm he given ri > t lie applicanon to die ,.Jge :i the technique oi uinmuac; u?x ba^-d '..pun rw a \ nijnnt..cwinng |-roliienw i>i the compan^' ol the nev, 'jj;'- 'j C's',VV!c!:U'. i:'. faCC. h'lll L.on'ipativ ha--bc- know edge w Inch aeinnuiSaied m :he .--tihereA ot I.;-::':'.- U \1 V LeT i i U -: l i: l.XLW IT: tdx ! i i, H r iTl L: /. -A 1; >1? of l:ic btemiwrx and phv>ac^- tur ire. >, s'li'i'i aw;-scrv, I h W 11 l!K` area ndu-arv had : l -%::3- j :: rf:o-*_ j iu I]_:.:*!r:ij j is .. w.O. . cn trie dlu:<\ then, constiiaie die dutie-- Lind actb.itieA ol rhe urigiiiecr-^ and c.hciiii<r-, which, rhe cu (\>nt Com pan r an- hx m au.:-in,.:ia no r 1n.: k m r-1 afkmrui cuixu>r C'lo\'-- i;]'Uic tfie im iiixri upte'd production n[ cert.oii `ir a< n v :' c 111 % ana vdienncal products in prop - cl til - pie o'-ruil record ww *..n .i! a beau; ;? v erb designed apparatus assail bled into efFiaeor a d:g:-:i - the tin era>r>f m a n it f a c t u r i n g o nits *':lb! !C W ! 1 h W ,,i - w h i c h we kn ow a s u v \.oiow ano w:rh crahe "'pjants;'' to insure that ri own! wgmeers rubbed these chemical products .r a; >;. I he pv i u aa J are a cal I times of the high varnish !' ! 1 '....bs for many years lag v; nchind some est quality and entirelv uniform; to insure that rlie of the up-to-date processes used are as eco branches [" diem kill 10- nomical and dheient as r - n - i ;o S u 1 l io- possible; to improve and ..wnpieteh- apr;v mode:'? develop apparatus; to im soeiicolic methods to the prove processes or devise improvement of its prod . ; - .mb w s !:l dac;rp- w iv pro.\>.-C' :: e S'.-t h i-u or k -- " -</!' ufC t or iX-. m?, X'H h. . 'l/w ,>{>,-rau<r 3 t h ..King a A'f'PPji i 'nin^v i?*v :r?! h smuU-SL\ili' prx litnina Hi- ' n j it i n Ou c : Ju.iv >n .1 ^'uu new processes; to improve the quality of existing pniduct-; and rn deviw - 1 !': od ..IC W : SI!' O'* IT \\Ai\ : - .11 0.1 il i'l: :lg I'O Fallow tile new pia ,-d ua in order thw * in- ha Ihvir Conqvaiv ui.iv lx .*:*i*:..* wanis chm hu-mc-- which ir w- -wcce-,-hafh Kepi in >; mere!)' ahre.U"t oh !m: m ;u: % ar.ee ot, io alcn and x:d :.i : he . a he:' one * oi chemical i?:d.iMrv wuicii have rm*re-,:-s ve uanapctimr*.. he m-. -a a ,, i: ^ tu xc : r- .wo ' \ The mnxpui courage *n I.iiidixi'L-h w.is elicciiw i.i tile-.!.- P: >ro ( 4 {O' *' i'Hi'-ine- - grew aud the fogu'itl acJiieving hi-N hwairy-m.iking night from .NJeirtli Aj ik rica ! :r-- '.si r h-i O>:Vi ;\un i'ro,.dc5!C-! nu! jn i h^vL iHir r< -it - r< luin>pc ixxaa-e oi rhe unfailing h.ncuonhig of a vow rnotnsj .-f -..liom nintitc lor rise ni.mut.uum: ;:1 nitric :nmuic mcc -inni.'.-'n ibe- iiiiidcm airjilane hnilt and ;.J l-,:r a g-e.ir raanv perpsoe--- ?ren'esuSoi-.fy incre;meJ equipped ihrough she appficanori of m.mv scientific dc- S\ i:\veieai -i>I .io;cuik.r-,or ->> called j'ow.kr !upm>r/ ' vdopmcni% to cdic problem ol aerial uaviganon. The I ,j r; -iripmc api amiistMU.i i.^d lor rhe ncmidac modern airplane b a vencahk cpmmic of applied sciciwe ; i;r, n;'.i rtMi:i iilli -c. .in import ,i:ii myrodicli 1 in lug]I m iis de'.ign, ttx mructural maieri.ih.. iis power plant and o: v .t io U' o.pc>. l!m iv--nl led m risking u\ !i' ii'.animcni ^ for navigator: . Flic courageous, adven ver\ hi? is: c.m'aiascr-- oi hiAvd r-.-tro^ri, and Icvi, logicailv wiring spirit-, oi toduw like iho>c ol . hv gone da\, build ..tiim ah. iii rhx- Jev dopiuer i o? ilu.-. plia.-.e ni :hc da Pont and ciLjuip their hops to advance the art of aerial naviga i >. ar par % .a ; i \ : t io-. ?: i me I' . dp i i y ,i: i . u p 4 ,, * nti'-plx "u; ;iun, or to seek our new i.ade ionics, JiMower new laiuls roropen in i) v ho in ot .innih'in.i. and imtiiiU: ixxv commerce. >-o rhe r iodcru husinos man i'he Ji: p.Hii indu.-nac-* oms [. tfcoroiv, or 1uniher r . I --c.i re hired ch.anica! ii_C P?1 K-i Liciim a --.or'- >f coar.igc and i.)f 0,1011 hui .j> and adequately equips he ad venturing argo-w iu : he lorrn os re-warch projects. Thcse rp.. a;:iid'cr -:-f r.heniiCJ: rn di tf , -nuic cd !iicb=. 'n tsr rc-xarcl'i umkrtakings depend vcyv ]argcd>- for chcir suc- liici- .tp.H:. :r.iiu:e ;;.oi:ed. -d :*j \v !: il\e 1 ruiica: i. m of cxi.i;x>ii a caunplcxir^ at xiamlir dc\eh ipnietu ahmy; a da: :* l-: 'ill \ 'V i .1. : :: dll p. lliep'o pCi'llandlu pp C Hlva. a great nuoi-. sarioiw Hues --4 aophec ,-iieiice. m a fa.-dmra . - i:-. c:d.;v i ' r - v - .. f i e!* l: :;*V PCL :: de -X lopvd w.ry similar 10 the wav : 1 which rha modi*: 11 I iner ca 11-, po-.v : .!;(.hi mr.'al tv'-iLT'd ,::] C hv vk.',`eioj-,llK."lt. ci a-. : pfii a great man)- hraudie-, o! dieurencaf and applied is i>:.h;Cl_ a pic a L:i-. j l r. \ ;l x - nl s c cueor it-- cor>-.m:cnun .aid equipment. Ir I- well rcc- ;; 11 ; 'iiip.iia -- t awliiua:; JeC:x i:.old, t l'\ :oV , uguuxd i.d :v 1diuf n m not s.ilhneut tfi.u n ci>r|K>ratur 1 \ .i IX Ot p:'r mjrv *r; I! \ ii : f i SJCh *. i-hUPiMfV in; man. ged i 1! 1 tcnsrage and \\ i; h ; iiarc or! ahilrn h.u h[.X- .i --U- ! .li: S ->;;C -l:--d il- I X 11 ll Of C.iVek. 1 lie th.ere iim-x he included. loa, a vision which recognizcw ihe e-.x ) 'j'Mkr'J < it vv I: xh h.i u'.i h J ai:d which can ! rx n ikVi'v-i r.' 1 or a curuimi.if .ipplu.ai uvi n:- new eiaihls. 11C J -->:x;c for a i)i: cJ:e other hand, d'cmnarx Je'.dopnient- !io K's fnanalai 1 uring proldems. IS (news.':/ x.' f.) riG DU P O N I L A II O II A I 0 II Y FA I L I I 1 K S I i-:-y Ycjr< du Pom ,1Jvcrr-sing fcumred i he w m hr-1 ic l no ire < d i hr chenncd ei mined* holding up a u-:-r riihe. It was :o convey the idea of tlx* preeminent nnpuriance of chenmurv ui < h. Pc ml mdu--.tries. "1 he il;u> rradons accompanying Or. Stine's article., and the.-c on die follow i 11 pages, are mu ink d wcomev a more ddiiiisc impression of that fact. // 1 f'lese are inainraired in a number of locations by the company's industrial departments to Oilce care of the preliminary- stages oJ work. The central Chemical Dcparrmcnr maintains research labor.itoi v .htedute^ ill the Experimental Station to -.u've these Je- pa~tmcr-ts. Here new processes and products are investi gated for the Development Department and for certain of the lOiip-inv's suhs'diaoc^ a-- well. If ere. abac ccrt.nn ivpesoi iuiuhimen n I rc'C.trck arc com! ecicd . Hie-e ? acd jries are coiisurdv expanding. S\*//f-n*n.* i When a procc^ reaches die Jewci- opmein stage, the snvesijgannn r.tko the form of actual prod action on a scale mwniicdi.U'c he i ween the !a bora to: and a lull-size plain, ilm is known a* ' Miim-wurk* inamihici ure. " Practically cocrv procer-s developed h\ i lie company' is te-ud iii Hi is wav to dcummie tile Ix m work - ing conditions and to secure n h !i -pcrihablc i nlorinain -a ;i!xml engineering dc.ugn. Seiru-works fae.dinw- arc ..vail- able in Connection with each ; e-cai ch mc-orarore ,-r 1 i '.-rL'. EoW.o'.vivc i.- Thc^c pros kk fadlinc> to assure control of the processes so flier the yield and qual ity of du Pont products shall always he safe- 19 mu BU PONMawzwe RESRARCH LABORATORIES J. 'feclmitai trfilsoraSs?ry, iDwp-u^.tter Point, Metv Jersey Dymtujf Appiicaf hcwv* 2. Jneijjftm Ltl|Jtw<|*irie,ir, BtitHpUHtte** Fcinli JV<w Jerxsy-- fjyesttijff Re-sdikfch 5. Om of iJw Laboratories at the Experimental St-UltQtl, Henry Clay, I)lait;an3 20 4. l.*ibonitftrr, Parhn, AAm' Jersey-- pyraxvtm .Soit* j, IHi Pont Vtxottloul C-*j- EtiPaiaittry. Me* jersey--Fyfuim <, j-liMt J.*j hnr<- tin~>. fht\ t. SUch.i&w Ptiil\t9, Vartitrlw* im--J iiuco ?/2c DU 7. Du Pans Ru>ii CV>. Uit^ratory Hi.thila, _\\': Yark -Ray'.'tt y. PhikuUlphia l.aboraftny i\mtA. k <irmshes v;,| l )xtm Ji>r ihntsrhi'ld V. l-turf-cid lAiiu>r<iU'ry. h'urrjislil, i oi,tu\-tU u!- - RtiP>hi.:r-'Cm f'f! Product' '' " .1,.y'1:3'' ^.L.u.1 i a rttrory, Newark, ana Pigments JScw Jersey--Liihapone, 11, rtcc|ferarrf lest FfW>fnem t J**p<:rw#nial Atacion, Henry Clay, Delaware ' 12, Fubrikoid Laboratory, Newburgh, Nate York-- 21 "yroKynn-coareil fabrics h?/2Vf iyu PONT, U ! i' . i I. n > -U'i:l 1 j'-ll.rr : r1 >1 > V f o u-ri . Vi'ic />-r t. 'rritm-THu;/! /- I- k'--l<x-U'I,<ihi\t,%iory Hat I* . .Vi wimvm /!*>. xr'ft: r. .r ' i t, i % I !(ir\ l Kiu> -i-r-. < 'i i-ii.u;.... Hiti. f'lM'.viiv.' i, 16. Senii-WorA.,! laboratory, Deefujater Potni, New Jersey - -Dyestuffs 17, Jntdriaf Cslif>ph&rw l*ahnta tory, RuffulOf Nett1 Ytrrit-- Cellopfru rt-e -T/td? lit'" l^OTST. ft tit.fciuii nr* THE IMJDRTAXCJ; OF CHEMISTRY IN DU FONT INDUSTRIES .' i-: r.ey : i Bui 11f r'lis is pan of a greater and inure ir.rcro'ri.w pici urc t:*r national progress and prosperity . I LindrcT. o! thousands oi men labored Co get oiu the <reat block- of -cone and Li'a.'sr port aid j `lace them m the erect ion of the pvrjiniJs of < dumps, hut ifiukri) high explosives - pi it i hr grantic kiosks inni : he yysir the pu.n--v. anJ when then h.n, c been du ped In *n.;ckiiicrv, thev are rran -ported ca>i A and vp-mkh over hrgkwaw and r.nhvjts graded and cun0 ructec wir h the ;n J of expiosi '.cs, and nr an Med car* ii:' -;cc: Mii.unohilc track-. : i thw ayeo] -led vdicu mining :( arc.it iji ;.t ni 1f ie- i )f -owd lHcrui\ ores, hu- "odred man anprccL''jcnR'dc>>nnitnpiio;:o}C' mmierci.d kig'iLKplo'nws. \ Roman emperor spent princely sums lor his royal yiniiriiLs of- Tvn.us pu-plc, hue the modern ys mhec.c color indiom- makes avaih'.hk: u our chowe. a richness and varictv ol color and shade in pintirnis and textiles usi dreamed t>! in ihn-r fw-o;n.ie d.ivs. Solomon brought ironami the Indian and Airman nancies h>i i lie cmvdimcn- oi his pa Fees, .u-J articles w is;try were p; L'i oi a prlrceW dower. he; ioda\ modern :o indieim :vur\ . far more beau r.iul m dupe and in richness of einhd ohmem. found 1 t wacncadr tvert home in the lar.J. Bur `pace prohibits ilie mulriphcac dm of example-- oi l \u >. sari. ir i> rhe large investment of the m kiern iiijustruti cor poration in manuraccurmg i.icihric-* mid in ..ppHcd science. am! the composite clre-rt of 3 rear numbers -of v.trnuisK framed empkn'ey spec hoists iti various hites - which have brought ahem the inipi'ovemo'ts in general health. comfort, and living conditions, which we. the iorumaie citizens of roe l diitec- Stares, have come to take as a mat- ref of coiir-;e. Thev haw made form-; ol tiajisportuno:: w lict; were .- fuxurv w-rcr'd-t v duilv iXt.\:--:brie-> available jH'vm man. the* haw !e-scned the number or Imur-wa khu.r winch n:er must devote tu the provision of rhc. prime neces-anes. mj c -'i a-, f m *h, ck>rhir'i.! and -.ke'iery ? wo !i.;vv u:Cri.u.ed rh.c rnumr-l of lei Mire veh'ch in:? i * ha-. :?f his disposal. If this ;niT-cased leisure i-. sdh-iilv devotee endrelv 10 ptea.-.iox. we ni i .r war "he . d; reri ora' n m nr ; cvciitaul di` inte.ufat:on oi' chi*, repaidd rlr s exj'enmeiu in ^uunimeO' hr the governed bur il, a> we Itope, it shall remit' not ernirdv ir ihe ir-ordt late love o: ease at olca-st-re, then we m.iv Inoik torwaal :.o mu *Ii an unexam pled progress in science and the moralmt,v as the wordd ha- never known The co irrol or J i ~c.i ~c 'n i lm ;nirmal and venerable kingdom-, ihe nineh more Compicre ,*ppf A.uion oi science fo agri; id rare, a cremend-.jus and imi rer> j ' mintaavemetn. ni 1 swing msiu.iitiou-., ike <-;g 'nncant impno.-emenr in man - general Ifealr!) d h>ru:cv:ry. all luliosv ioyteal Ir iron: die proper application oi inci'ea-c.l leisure to re,eardi anc i:wesULraii\>n of f'-e-e i'n.*hltir>-. SHOWING Id IE KINSHIP Ol- DU FONT PRODUCTS Z7/ie 130 ]PONT\.iltzga*z.ino WHEN AM E IU C A WAS THE HH A , \ is O ^ 7 ... .. ';-:r ----- -- ----- ./ : W 1 me DU PONTJ^flzinfi FRONTIER OF THE WORLD pv wr Z/if DU PONT. Utuu i a i no THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILITARY POWDERS SM'w.y fU fi V;T h \ i* f i! //'/:/,.7= -be l 'j/tfi'sf j/.//o /-./a* {V/IJ./gr../, //.V t-r.v wiilor:' t.K/rv h-jcN it iih pfmu-L-v cq/^/l h/ 'i.y.i/si r ./i/J i if i,:i/1\ rU-` $ -o //w rror/J' v Ins! ./.* //* tn/ir *..|p HERE is an inherent Hi . 1' I. .[ V !>!.. 1 `p\i .1- n L I a;at 11. i f i, ; i i; ] t.:\oi a* rh:il c:.Ht . y-... - .... . d.H.e me.lecn vc e Horn . \\cre mink l o ii.w .1! W j: - -- - - -- it a- j rropdhun. Allred .in Pom. aung ;:ov- * ;v.-m u.'i ; ;c , XT*- iron; a lurmulu or In sown, a 1 so in a i mi m urc< 1 4 - i- - 1 hi t !.!>V n.M% _* .dec :h.ni Pml wine guncotton ,u;e wiotc ut his mpsriiumLs. Alihougli PT-esa l -.. Cjenrs.ii w lie opposed -L-. w,e. he acn;-- m ha\x been rhe ii:**-r to inuiur v-c:! ! -s: .. i i* *s%.:It , :o --ore : j : c:r; in;: n'c.ipor-s or -it lean i> i record, : h..t r re rare i >( burning of pinio; r on \\c'Y n-xded and piSN i;ro U**-!:.:-! F. f -E: K-;V .If .......... c In; a c-.li I iii America in i So o . rhe x kim?, - Minima::;.: m p'TJponiona] u> tlic pressure, busing his nhserv.ii ion on expenmenin m.K:c :n a irini -;1 \u-ci!inr. Nie -vpirunlull ordu hunt powder w .o .u h ;]: that. daring .i j;.j ..{ iL;' h. :: ;c- 1 o. penon i \ over c l e Find ish uin mlh - i ,ic < .ri mean Warm i M -| t he Bnn-.h Government hough t hoi l . . ho: die oos*- a:r n-.i - o> poi n* i ha! he deemed lu raai:- lartit gimiitilies oi h . 1'he prohi from this huoncv- car i-.iacEwc a h-: :w groTm. fE l,e ire:' -orvice ro rhe French r-.ed the como:m\ :hrom:!j i!u_- panic oi jS^p. mi time --\iiii c K- % era iiiviH iw Jer t v ! \ emih.cJ hi vr lu --eCLiu: a ren^Uiened facmces a u.i- m a posh ion io meet the Irawiii r-- .oui ex [ a:.i 11. m- oa rhe 1 renrh Timenierv, and auc h -I tr:lined wo-rkiiien ro come ru America .o iselpj li.m o -Eh- h , , r : i * m The audriH-aiHr -at up;do>ag Jciram.[s or rhe Ci \ i. \\ a r a lew veur*. I.Her. At t hat t i me black powder had been pencaed in purin urd drvmm ion no . mempt hat! P-e.-n jn.-nle Hi idler m.He the IlntiKpcwuie in ae:e made m die guccrnmcm n,d r he <rr,imdatU' i'mir h.dPsiiieg hov-.co'er, rhe ilevc'hop works at TsOi-incH 1"ranee. a11J represented die- polio uns mart ij 1 iron js(,re.l - hip-- h\- the C.imJe^lcrales aece-.aaiia onaki ic;ii .o tnai a projectile with Miliident velocity to i rni-sh or .vnerrari' rho armor. Captain !;: I a : C.. J\u:t j-O^'Jvi W.o- lesrevS Podiuaii, l:.P. .\nin, made a study of in ;ia l ii'iuWoicoiuvcriimm ror Kreech pixssnres and with the assis u e.Ena.rd tin -ent rn .-Wpeiaa tance <:t I .,nii!iu)i Ju Pont deveioped srpir.s-. ti*u- KirKtr. p:raicw Thn* Mammoth Powdera the grains of -no w.is -o -'.;vria ro I orher- which were millet lines as large as rhai Mr Dt-arlsurn. ; hen ma reuir\ ul t hire inches i n diameter. These grains W a: m , .rij el w.i [ i-ai Hi tut -are lav hnrnmH dower developed better Mr !:; i h! Wuih-l ,kmii dkis-W i ' ! i i. 1 ii. ! :. . I . i. Jii Pwioa ihn. a1 -; j r;;,.-j-._ .. . p- n, rirmp Ut hrs hither nsv`i`-l ioned ii.narj i:: .v,\\ E r ia '-p.io ---h \hi"-'io apr.Heniio da: isin:n.Ho - t r--[ t:\jsir; Ih o ih c '-'-. ibiiahdavN'a HU ciJ;aa;i^ - i hus old enrm ' U.UA U`. ui i c- i /tte P.trxi : unfuti/'el.'r in 'he Cuii ly iL.ys;, '! hi1 ,'<j ur ball* i-C.irh-y iv c t i: .-.hi't firm i he m.-.r- Kit /-v iceighc-A ! --inter, .! t ;hc di->fUHCV < ? thfh: i;.,:.' i.lu' m liytnu K.> isTtul f > r'.H-ti rn\-n,. i/s tij the iH.ncdcr, 1 nr nn:n> v.sir.v run aa- the apfirai c-.i :c.- ; \ chici rv -i ih ! kc.-pr t hr pressure wirhm t he -ale limit of t fie guns. It was with this powder idle M.-n.fftsr fonghr the WoTH-ma. V 1 he .and iieluom ni the Cavil War did mu indicate anv great superiomy of rfn; pin\ dvr wed hv either siile> hut in ilm velehr.i red naval duel Kuween v.-:.c i:;ni' t% ere Weil e:u>L'.:!i e-Ha!'- t he l . S. S. h.-.aa.fis'.-utnd ( . S S. f.U*- I -! ea ns uin-U , iXHiii.l.', lu I lie I he nperaurn v cd Ju Paul powder u!;et l u 'Hik h r.Trite Saw. uvv"0 he Fug j-di powderor i he If. iL, ;,>u \\:\ > c'learl v -liown. -J i---- Corunadi Me PeiT'- :o t In the 'HcH:pi>U u! [:sc W,|; UHHCs! UtiC Ol tl-C , inimpiodtJ -da in- a riutabdc ivann'k <d rhe Tiie Mexican W .m \^,.ir d.is reauired -pe-cla 1 ethort Hindi slcraiJs whic'i make hiuorr. v. 'heea r\tr:-.ro 'Dee: rl e oaT lor in hrnrv nr iwder ana \ - far hits, k a . s S- ; ric du Pnnr ( -nnpanv expcrimmied u. ; 'n. f - n r i rue row -'ph i lie fivuwuq: u:-eu--tria I Uentaii-J Ii dUh . -lionhTn i he s h--r;.n.re s;o*v in "a n \\ uh red c 1i.h h h -j L w hid: we- higher in oxYgen and lr% Pi o;;-.T sfui: plac !: Jrrva.! :v.,\ n^rnteiJ more rn: hld\ I hi-. 26  Unc DU *PO!N'T\- UacHi.-'ino rhc bane idea of the cocoa powder u cd .1-. a propel- on 10,0j o pounds oi smokeless rifle powder for the LI, S, lant in large fup,-. up to a 1J including the Spanish War, Government. am! the following year received a Navy loh;>s\-m- rumor - mar rhc French and oi her European Dqvn-rmcai order lor 100,000 pounds of smokeless cannon natieiK *ir. J developed a brown powder wperior to :!i.u powder to he Irude w die Navy formula. Subsequent co- oi domc-rk: mamr.iciurv. Alfred I du Pour went rn France, bu g (and and Ck t iiu iiv to imodgaic iw merits. On hi*. ojvr.rion wirh ifir Army and Navy developed a more satisfactory formula The report of the Chief of Ordnance, Iclant he dec hired it was no better than the du Pont prod- U. S. A., for tlui ve a r refers to contracts with the du Pont l:U* hie d^L however, report tliit prk-m.ii-c powder of Compare tor smokeless powder for the ,w rifle, 3,3, field ^ ' A t enno.i iv it: Belgium w;j , superior to the other gim, : e and "Auch mortars and SS-inch rifle, * an c ipcjsi pow Lien's, mid under a:a:i^ pres*.are from the \ - -x Government die dai Pom Gnipanv purchased i he Gi'eric.m rights to produce it. W. hen die I. i: i c e d >raiv^ declaivh w.i r i ri mvim in Anne in E898 the Army dectJed that a suitable composition for heavy sea-coast guns should contain 75 per cent nitro cellulose and as pet cent nitroglycerin. The multiperforated grain had been tried with 1, 17, 19 and 57 per ! vg-'x dm pi n\ del' s.-p forations, as well as pi y w.i s j i: a dep] nr- powder in strips and. ' ioe cond i r mm . the Gavy had iHH enough I *o r a i w o hour cn - gage mem. This w.is JJ f flat squares, and the company adjusted a size of grain to all the new armament in the not due to ncfdeCi bet service. i" o:hcr to i he Pel ief In 1899, double Gk u black powder base powder was W:!s obsolete and abandoned, due to ^mokeiesspowder im burst guns and its proving so rapidly poor storage proper chat it was not desir- ties. This, together abie co accept any with the untimely standard of excellence death of C a p t a i 11 at that time. In July, Smart, U. S. A,, at che Gower n m e n r Carney's Point, de ordered j ,000,000 layed the manufacture pounds of brown pris of smokeless powder, matic powder for the but in 1900 the Gov Navy to be delivered ernment placed vari at the rate of 2.0,000 ous contracts for more pounds a day. In cidental ly, the only smokeless powder osed in naval guns E. T. du Pont de Nemours discussing the location of thefirst du Pont powder mill with Thomas Jefferson, President of the United Suites, his frierul and customer. Prom a painting by S. M. Arthurs than 1,000,000 pounds of it. In 1902., the com pany was incorpo Was bought iti England for use aboard the New Orleans, an rated and other plants were acquired at Haskell and English-built ship, Purlin, New jersey, and ac Santa Cruz, California. v For several years FrancU G. du Pont had devoted his An outline of the World War production would require # time to the construction and operation of tlieMooar black more space than this entire article, so that a brief summary powder mills near Keokuk, Iowa, but as soon as they were must suffice. In 1914 or military plants hall an annual ln successful operation he devoted all of Ills energy to the capacity of 8,400,000 pounds of smokeless powder which development of military smokeless powder, making 11 was increased during the war to 440,000,000 pounds. large number of experiments of his own, and trying oat The achievement of building and operating the plant at mi nitrous patents offered to the company, Old Hickory,Tennessee, is covered elsewhere in this num - Si nee desirable plant sites were no longer available along ber, The plant at Hopewell, Virginia, for the production the Brandywine, the company purchased a large tract at of nitrocellulose w,i *. budr entirely ro meet war demand.-. Carney's Point, New jersey, across die Delaware River The Carney's Point plant w.o- expanded to six: v-seven from Wilmington, and built a wharf there in April, 1891, time.*, ii>. pre-war capacity. while rhow at Haskell and as well as experimental laboratories. In November, 1891, Pariin were expanded to twem'v-iour and lhr:r-seven tJlc military smokeless powder was considered of suthacnr: nmn rrqvcnwl\ excellence to send samples to different cartridge-loadmk 1 he value oi chi*. powder vaph u> the \ [1 i <e ^ and. later* plants for test, and in June, 1894, shotgun smokeless pow to our Government in bringing about a wcccwhd terder, developed by Francis G. and Pierre $. do Foot, was mrn.-u on of the war ne.d 11 >3; he dwelt upi>i3 here; it r- ready for market, In the spring of iS^y the company bid too ohvhr.n ro regime iunlier caminrnr, 27 -who 131w F'OiNTA. U in a HOW COATED TEXTILES HAVE SERVED A i'c /c T w /**: i/c.' -tfV/ht/; v/ kOIit Wild At // PoHi yubhiV .... AyOtt/Zi'/S /N'/ /w.v.\yr ,/ it'/Ac ;\nt*c of ;v,ii////;/(-ij Mait/i/iiifurerA clE'ilEC.EiE^iikcr, 1'^ ]$y \! < P \\ iM.ivv r luuk n> mas when rfie Amcriun Pcga- V-.W'. i:: - m.; :; W \\ .WO Alma?,; , imm! C.omp.mv was mcurpora u:d at ! f r J i 1 v Ot ton, li, i. 1-f 17 m;i' O.s'H ^ Jit S' CW.Cgc ..." . ;.-. f'Johohiu. \t\v Jcru-v. I h i > o enpanv. \v]i:u.- nuumr.-c:urn-g some C\):He\l CC.X- ii,i;!i ;.--.age. . i muv i>c transformed nk-s, vxe- L-ngago.l prim, i p`.d I v in wuicrnrnoiiug .1 noth I into -o; c x Mo -!e powerful cm m ob 1C: -:;: k coiniv.oJihen with p\ro>oIin b\ a imihoJ chcn known a-' x burr k-dsip. i*ro a daniiv r nrror for mo the Pee.imoid proc-css. In 3 Sips the name warn cliaopu'd to ]:i<I v\ divs-i nc3; table, i-iicj I Tea ? for ii;n-h h ;j : nun m'.ohdcs. 1 he Nicw h ork I e.u her X Paine Oniipuny, and. m 1900., in n'fii HVOOO'!! OS .i H;W hook. i he plant was moved m New hi rgh, New York, and t lie i the v.irvKw rr.sx u it i.u :,h is none more rmcrefong corporate name wax < hanged n> 1 he luthnki )id (amipany. ih.iV, ! he l tl: I /.Up. US LA.'ttOi: I 11 O Du Puiit I Ld'TjkuYJ , V, hidl Ahc,it 1 his amc the aniotnuhi-e industry was ra|'adly ii;c. become Midi an i!i:portent product lor me m place of coming to the frotir. and with :m increased proiiuci ion exiL'wr in:;.! in mam iuhu` new .md xingmai hells. I'aeh came a corresponding demand h>r :caihe' ioi i^plmlstevy. \ear [he Newburgh pbim ptoduces niiliinns of v.mU of As a resell, the priceol leather arid leather product'- went Fain tkoib. which !- u %ed priiio pa I h- rcr uphoktering 4\ waa!. However, rapel [srogress jn the development OX ai;?or,;or'i!e- ;nn! i ..ru: rurc, onering clu-eJ, car decks, eahrihold ka! quiekly to jo adoptum hy maro ot the j Vi a avow:. or::: : i: m n~ aiUesnudsilc mannfac- ! U J a gc in m rnrers, rims red 11 cnig truc the pressure on the hoolcbin- price of leather and covcrings anil novel ' leather articles. products. Fabrike j mlc oi, Meanwhile t h c dti Font Company had as well as on, cotton, become interested in for both the coating the man tifacture oi and the base fabric arc celkilose-nittate prod of the same material, ucts other than smoke although 111 widely dif ferent forms. 1 he fabric less powder, and had established an experi used is always cotton, mental unit for devel its weiosht and constmetion depending on op i n g pyroxylincoared fabrics. In. 1910, the use to winch die in order to ex tend activ hnf-jied material i - ro ities in this field, the Thei s ijr-v! !vi Cel !o - c -fill ra 'e com poM - Thr >( u 'shuU' pLinl <\f tin- ,!u Port! i'ompnny <;( Fairfield, C-*tm cciicul. nuire than i>trty-Jh y<-ars aga l*y f/ir f-\nrtu'i t Rtt^bft t'ompiin.v. then the h'<ut<-r ;n th<- eat ua:e i-ioihjteid company purchased die Pabtikoid Company in its entirety. The name norv rec niivai'y known p\ nso Ini, \ liw "ledv" is w:w clianyed to The L3u Pont .l-ahrikoul (..uinptrtv, under cohwed with ir.irrcrai pigment- winch hare been find v which rirle it opera red unril 1911, when ir been t t h - the giwnM I": pure cu.-lur tel, making the Sim shed product Fahrikard l>; vi.dviiof'E. L J u Porude Nemours Comp-niy. -ore pliable An um chum A- lire. 1 he v dored jeliv i- Sail grea ier prognux w;u. ik h v m;n!c in perfecting J-nhn- fPP led to tile kne fabric hr mean-- d a "doe fur knli-fo' in a iVvialh ~Je-ig:'fo coatiuc machine, mid ther imperial ktdvi atid extending :t> low rivri> j iv -.v and rjdercm iidd>. Recent uu;-'. have witnessed developments m iini-dw- and is bt;iit up o>ar bv cc. a t unr s 1 ; he Je - !v-J vr siglit or s hie;lw oij.ilitre:, mice undreamed of. Among the newer of \ he-e o m;ss r, a 1 ` ana,:.:. . \a zev\s arc - 0 1 - . eiidv r--ed .i!:-d hnr -bed in Nemmrr-.i, carrvmg special design:, created lor t.ie indi giraj a.s whick m.o ei lher -.mod.ite r.a corns hide', or be in vidual cu'; Poncheu. wi'li varied color etiects and pal- 1 ! iecial designs ancI e:feCL-. ik'si-.fes i Is arti- .An: and Attrac n a ppc:< r.i'Vc. Ftdmiktdd N wiUcrjTiiot. wa.table. :.0*ca -e i- : O' -!. -Cu.iip 0-0; .i.id a stoo L-d;li':C I'-' IX:-ISt a. V:! to rcriis: Fahkote, m waief: a h igh-grade pvrux el ir? eoaung i . apphed L<> a ttutgl: paper h.iw itml finished in manv o` l lie ciipid .11' fabri k\m\ gr.ii ii-, D^koarr, a - pvCud pvroxv lin- wCllr an-.s wea-: her. iinpregnated kihric for tops nf conve-tiblc and spun jf ibrik' ud a- 1 he re uJ 1 oi c-m . on; dcveii pl3lelH . d.iH r:g car-; and Muralarr, a new and unusual wall covering - 2b -Aov ID IT DOTTrA tic/tjtf*:*n*~' -u-aTi. j ?:n possess i rg all i tie utihian.m men tv of i a hr i Icnal. \ihHlit-r important deleiopmcat at Newburgh char lu , Ovnlui loomed the add n which it i> Used is Ju lAmi J f>i:cnic; die !;r>,,t and only* conipDrelv wuicrprowi and *a a-.fur-ic '-Ii.idc chcli wa developed, It v ttn preima < o I nif/! pvroxuin. the mine naterul that makes Fahnkoid r!io-w*. an.; nm. iim.v waterproof and wu Viable. wr ,V,J? rur pinhole, wuJc or peek . ^ :k- rcern; ctvarton ol a servlw dtwuui; at the New plant places ar rhe disposal of nunulaaurcrs using ^ abri knid .i compiiic art ur.d leclvu c m I service. Here flic company s artists and ledr;icians design finishes and to mast the specnic need', ot Industrie*. and or indi- ' i) r arra iac Hirer i. J (ere also arc tie vet oped new desj s;ik , new rowhc', and new ideas. hi addition to the Newburgh plant, the Ju Pont Companv owns and operates a plant at Tuirheld. Connect icut, *' :,u'c practically all kinds of rubber coated fabrics and a 1 nipJete line of {411m ruhher protltico are mule. Ihe origin of the Pairfk'JJ pLr.u goes hack m 1879 ' hut idle ; airfield Ruboer (.omp.inv was organ:ycJ to -miiiar Lure 1 uhber clothing and c a it i aye clorh. In : he Ullx *, uf rbe |iOJ^c Jnj carriage there w as 10 be; ter carriage '* n4n mat;e f lian l a imeJd Rubber. end n \va *. mi oral t hai, H h die advene oJ the amomohile, manv numifactuivrs dioidd adopt ir ,0 the tupping material for iheir caw.. In \ ki [ o ni order 10 offer to the an lomohile trade a comfhac title oi rubber am! pvruxvlm uured fabrics, rhe 'll f-Viiir (.utlipairy purchased the bai rJiel J Robber Com - r,lin -Vs'a-n, da Pom control and opera; k u i resuhed 1-1 J O'emerdt.uis expanstun. and a complete line nt fop nuieriaK was developed for both closed and open cats, di*. icadc" now being Ju Pont KveHirighr Ponro|\ a rub- \:rired fabric or unique durability tor closed Car decks Developments 11 the F.mlicld pkrii haw grown (.> in elude, in add 1 Hoc; Co its! me id tup and deck fabrics- pr.ic Walk ad C\ pcs o j rubber-Wx; Led fabrics. Oneo! the newer .levehar-inciH-* Isa-, been die we; non w an extern we kite t>! anracrive rtibbermed f,;bncs tor r-oncu-iw. stiver w:c - a?rt Wv.ir. -narkwed coder rile name "Du Peri: FairacL babnev" an-d --aprd cJ ii. p)a:n w-.n,?iv and m t'.ie ;iew ;d Inpitijr vV'siyn:, now :Oi.mch m vn.'pu.:. A complete lic:e of ruhlu t sheetings bar hospir, I aim household u-v is ab-u in.n mnciinvd. (aroher wirb, /n-ir rn!nn:r sjxxialt ies. -\nodier produce i:- Jo Pom Vennme, .1 Jexible 1 a.king now used ior jux;11,1 rv vendl ition in coal and mela mines, and lor runnel work* in al' part' oi die Lnirev' Slates and 111 irunv Jureum umniries. Through i.he Jcvelnpmcni oi Vemxihc, <ln Pom. was able to offer rhe mump; industry the first v'icnitficalh'-consrructed flexible i-jhint; lor underground use. A syeetal c Hk ir ical treaiment render-, it resistant to iutigus, acid iv.trew. e! *v rot and \ icj;:ted a;r Du Pom Rue Aaeh.u' i- 111 .oaria-r i mportanf rawduei oiAhe Fairlield plum. "I"hi- fabric, wften laid coated side down under non-- hi Ids r.he.ni hrmlv in place, no rlatter how uiuh tile rag or how .-.bpperv the JtHor aia doeibis wfiho.ir in-iir'iny ei ther 1 he rl.K'r or f he rug. At Fairticid u service divi:iv:n funcci-ons in the s;niu%wr\' as s he one ac Xi-wburylu Du Ron ehemisCs :U borh plar'.is are amt.uaiv JeS'ccopii'a new nmenak for rhe needs ij oidasrrv, and .1 resnb. these rwo laemiucs are m pusiuou co ssipph r.aumiac-: mvrs wnii i wide varetv ti; coated iahrics for chair ever-changurg requireinc-nfs. Pvriwi Jin or ru;>her-auled textile.' -Ju Pom can >app-A ihein, now and in the wars to come. v7n DU l-^ONT. fiat/ci *z,ij u s DU PONT PROGRESS IN THE PYROXYLIN INDUSTRY Hoiv a hn.shna.s Jujuiriit its a mi!t inn tica/tj-fnn jvar.s ago hits grown to h nit important hrnw'h oj /In company s dctivitirs I!l i iinui ;i 1`j ih I UL Divr-non n o w ojTctnidn 2 WO hirgC piaHO. .it Pu By \u, /: i iVl DOS MANN .iuKl s. 1 he soKeni HtjUals .li'C made by .> / -; , iv.creaiing \ anoiu. aicohuls wi rh acciu y.nrJ -V hi.' licit!. When rhe solvents evaporate, 11 n Mew jci -w. - J ml which chev do vm- quickly, a trans Finn. and -ajpph mg pyroxylin parent film of pyroxylin isdcp; isited on the ariaclc Lo which p-ro,l ;.c; -a orb! \s: Jc market - u .iil n but k rim '(dm inn has been app-lKxl. Oil-, are added 10 obtain ru ; modest begin.iir:g .is .in uurgrowth or cue du Pont ilex (hi: 11 v, <i 11 d pigments or Jves to ;n \ah ice colored ell eels, C |\iil 7. -U?lu4.N-k--s poWc!,'i hiiMlKUS. when ihe-.c < liar.n erroau's are ilr-sired. >ilorri V Aiu:r ilie ' 'rani-Gi V* ar rlic I ii ie.i i:aij i> i;l ! Smukc- f-ahril-aad, wim Ik fn ihe w ,tv, was one of the earliest h: powder \ Derm-unc < ompur.v w.u. organ /.cd for rhe commercial asao of p;ri>xvliri on r large scale, is a gooc p.rdv i"1- rijrcoi-eol'mjimhn.u r:au anokdess yawJets then examplc of rile rv pe ul prtK.ucr rcxpiinag .1 pyroxylin him ;i ^.I'ilijMl'iiClvc: v i`CW piodih.L. As . ud seared In il's name. that j \ Iniili ilexi!>Ie am toiored. Ptacucallv all hnght ii-u V!i!i .uu Lkip iCuJ cl'c marmf.u Hire abo oi dvn.i- ma.il anidcs, Mich as brass dour knobs, hinges, lighting iiii iL;, Kn c ]i i % pn yo-,n mi! s\ ;ii- kin ipped sn fa vor of- pvroxy- hxlures, and rise like, are protected Irani tarnisliinir hv a h*i pivpurac u *n *. and i he corporate name cajn^J to rhm Ji: 111 of Transparent :*,vrt>:vlin deposited by the t_\'pc h:u*r:i:;nni:.ii Mnukeks. Powder -\ (ihe mi cal Compain . of solution geneian^ Lnmvii as "lacquer,' loo! handles. \\'he ! elm d i P< >m (.ompa u v nought the 1 ifcrnai lunal pca'dU. tov< .lirua mas tree lichts and ornaments are ir. hninlidi'-i's plans ar I'.u'lm hud a capuci tv of 7ye : examples of products where ,1 colored hut nor necessarily I \, vends of om w c Ic h .,, pow\Lr dadv. hat i is p\ roxylm hud- a flexible nvro.\i Hu film is rapnre-d. u.uviis much of a side 11nc\ cn>pi. wing 1 h i;y a hand In the case of FuhrikoaL iJic pyraxv lin film is a ncccs- le! ui people, 1he mks forte. km exumple. consisting of savx pan ol ihe finished produet, .dnee it is tlie mc.ins ol ;sr ciov. ni.m and a sf er ngra phu". inqiarimg ; o a fabric the appearance and many oi rile other Smnkclc-spow del %' as no uovi.ll V (a(];c cm Punt officials pi ojxa 1 ies of Icaihei, in die ease of brigh: metal objecis. who took i harem- of the mwh' acquirer propety, h.n. 1 he. :t i> si riph in. nivi:-:hlc ulm to protect them jrorn air and punumn bu>. new was di'Jercnt lit 'in unvming tbev hud maisrure; w bile in the ease of toys tt constitutes the fflush prevfivrdv experienco! :\i ur>: thev were ing coating on anotller^vi^eco^lpleted article. umau:-., rher. skeptical. and Imal i\ convinced ....... Other uses of u dilFerenc character arc as a duo it v,n: a hindnc:.' of the inure, worthy waterproof ceineiir tc-r leather belting* espe . u iOii: ;\-jnou; aSsin dur it was a v cr\ logical cially adapted for machinery belts that must: ,U' iusii in i'i >r : be u Pont (..oir.panv A act 1 vi opL-rafv under water or in dampness such as i vs, l-.ecauw: of 2 > unA/ation of mncfi of 2 Ik is ol run found in live houses and laundries; or -arm- raw nau-naU, plaru etinipmeiu. manu- as die loughcoating that pmtcccsfrombreak !;K'iuram pi't^C-ocs a-lid f.echrncal knowludgL age, during tran.s portal ion and handling, the :i.-. u:v;uiiCii io/ i he produce ion of ;mokt Jew-, delieaie lliurium oxide rhat forms incandes [MlVsIiT. ce 111 gas iT:antics, the protectivc coa ting being A rAsCuiiuric program 0: development re- die liliu that is burned oil when rhe mantle m aJteu' :: the su-jilv unrA'di of the Nisinc-w It ap|xars put into NLrvicc; or as a carrier ior die nfoiize powder used -ornewb,;! propher j c or later even is t hat rhe sreu engaged in the m.iuuiucKirc of "goJd" picture frames and the imt i o k . ruir.-ing of. thn. ir:auf n.k:-irv were ne> er -.ati-died canon gold-leaf w-ecl p.'rinciprilh lor the lettering ol hook in a.cdspt tilings as flier were simpfy hccaurc rhey had covers. a!s\-.iw- hecii m>. On rite comrar\ , they were a-\v:n-> .seek- 1 hew arc only a few 1 IhhUraiioi s of the divemihed uses 1 g new ,irnj het i er mace-rials ami tjual-ods co replecc old of pvroxy lin in solution form; bur in every ease the reasons ernes vw:h iiicva-cd ei!-Ocnc'<. or reduccil cost, and much for its.ng pyroxylin m preference to other materials arc i.j t hv k .iriv gr: a y i j> u! rhe hiMiic^ was based oil construc- very much -die same, naiuelr, rhe speed with watch the *. . \ e W urIs. > ii ibu. tY)Y. Nolunon dries, and the tough and waterproof iitm - thin, J-^vra-w !! n is a unefv oi me road :i. low chat h.n- the pliable and transparent- tiar it deposits. pro pen vol diN>.o! v mg ni eon a:n Impiid'. 11 i--- fua-Je hv treat- On rhe her hand, 11 \v:i< one of these characteristic no: con on nin-ers wtili c miKturc or n.irtc and -uljduiric Icarurc.sof pvroxvlin that, until a few years ago, prevcnted JO CWc DU POTSTJ(c/c/ro:i/?o n irow, becoming a NcriiHMonipc?uur u: pain; and v,ir- iiishc\ tm a large scale in industrial brushing. Thai le.iiurc U;u ihe rhinncss of the him depnored hr rhe thickwi Mdanon it was practicable to me. 1 l:e hUn i:h ckne-.scould iju[ 1\- m.jrc.wcd Jm n.Lr more pvroxyiin m [}-)L- xt h tii son, he Cii osc ri;u would in a kc t hr -ohiun;j eon lock or visCow !x bow `hmugh i he spraying modiincs h\ means of which on account P the **pced of crap n'uiio: IA rusplin sohm.oH.% are usually applied. ^huMr, after mam* \ caw of ChenneaI -v search anti c\pari menial work , rhi> problem wx solved hr .he prodiu.iio;i rjl a pvruxpin so. ut ion, (lie viscosity of which w.w very !lliwh htwvr than ;mv p-cxiousb Lituwn 11 < wtmnervutl wiilnutr impairing the strength and durability ol lr*' film, fhix resulted in workable .mhiiiom ihur depos h c J ns otic .ippnc.rnm a film -lapwing in thick new. : hat OcjvwHeJ hv three eo.it** o! :he ho; Miluntn - previously a v iii la blf_ file new pmdm.a , spivinr.ilb . w ts the result or a long march for ,i more durable automobile Iiiiim than the cot ur'"d wmiisbo then in geucah use. It proved to awe >o advantages over ol her Imi-dung irn.muaU toil it -- gi\vn ; he di-.nuct ore name ol Duco. and was first wed n commercial product ion hv the OakLi.ie Mhair ( ar Pt3!Hp.i;*|t III the !.;Jf of long. *\ { I. J O s \V1 i 11 I! g, HOt t|UlX' *i!ur vra--, Liu-r, the fuel that tin-- type ol finish w hemp *Ktn! ors ,u least %.r% jx.r cent of all T he automobiles nunu fac ureb in this on;nin . wdl a- those of i great manv loreigr luarmract nrer--, icou\ ! nc.oi evidence of to. eoa- ' ofnic mi I uc. Hov people rea11/e 1r was the aivcnl*sail of Ptico that 'mule piusdde the colorful cam ot i obu \ . W irh the imi di,r?o materials formerly a\ ai fable :hc use o! bright colors u*K 'tot practicable in large production. Thev could l^e ^au onh as special jobs ar consider;]hie additional cost in 1 he M>-raflcii custom shops, and could mu hr expected ro .^n*e more chiui about six months' sen*ice without begin ning ro show slip's of distresN. Tndav even the most mod uli? v price*.! cars come ro market with hnidics iu>t fJCih r i \ a I i ] :.[ i n beam v i fie mou an ot ic productions of exclusive e u s ro ni shops h t a 1 so far exceed?ng m durabifiry the black and caber somber hues that used to come irora the ovensof the large pi'* aiucrion plants. Notwith standing these advantages, die cost tofhcautomobiiepurchaser i- auualb 1c-:- iliau th.a ii dw nnishes loriiicri\* used, :n addt 1 !n lu u'h *ch he i.- i nwJ irom da. addirional ex pen-e oi j-uriodical rcfintshing ti' keep die appearance of bm car in .sOud umoiior. !-*. nher -aving*, n- the car .mr.e accrm- Wiun rhe tact that n Duco in;oh is lew susceptible o> nfnr\ from a^esdents and ahtoe. a:*d does nor rajiure such nvijuenr washing totaaintain to good appearance 1 he thicker tutr. deposited In* Duco enabled u to com ;x*te on ;* labtw sw ing !\uu with varnish lor nirnmoe jiushing. W hercas cigh? or u;n coats o? tjie old rape jar gucr- would have been uecesvm to deposit a tilm conip.r:og Lo'orahb* in appc.:ranee wim the average varnish modi, thus rendering their we impracticable, three nppfi c.mous oi Duco will prcalucv rh*.- re:-ult. 11n u>v i*; thv 'urninire icd.tscn* is cowumb* incrcasiipg, and mans ixogressive jnanal.wturers arc no-w iiircfirg rheir costuin ers the characteristic Duco advantages oi* a tough ,md durable finish iluo dix:> nos ea-ah* scratch, check or crack wish age. or become siu;k\ in wumi, tnoi>t weather. in the Cheir.icai Pro<UiCi - Do ioon the dn Pont: C.oniearn places at the J ispo-.ul of wdusno gen era Hr a s: all ni mcnwhoh.j vebcs: ? spcei.di/mv :n pvri>xvlin technofogs as applsee ro in<lu-.rrioP usage lor r.u>re than rwerc \ -(i\e sears, back* svhici is i ho exien-.rvc du ;>ont cxperiviLw n ref.ted hranclu's offJuan oat*'.* and eugiaceni:g. 1 he kuid of t\*-curdi and cxpcriinciu.il si oi k = ha i resafrod m l he deseuipniem of Duco Is CO!I>LliJ?lI\ going mi. aporoxnnatcls* _r, dieiui.m be ;;g et!ll'h>\*ed in l* h i - ilwisioi; alone in Mg*h .-icriviiic> and in t he control oti.iLiorx prooaciu m and .i-Msfing i tubisT rial Ciuomnii*s 11: appiii acion problems. flw growtft i.ndwared hr rh-..-e ngurw e.omnr be :ifi luck <u" accidcnr, bi t rnu-t !x- ^iae to rca sers ice tfu; *s zidvam*jgrOH-. to dave w Iiu m: hn uncss him made th.' expansion poxdhlc. d.ct'ing .t> it does as die diMiitnuor of the indusj n;. I ]*>rodueio of cfie Jn Pont* (,.om pane s p.n j-1 and varnish plant', the (khcmical Product s Division m iii the position oi being aisle to >er\e all branches ol irdiorre wiih the t*\'pe of litd.ihes bed wined for rheir rcpiuremem-. withtmr am* remptutior, or incentive to favor it-elf ai the expen w of die customer. t h l : u -n t e n n ia l c :e l i*:r r a t io \ t see**iis .ippmpn.ue to record hriellv wltat took place mi J,jl\ g, isjo;.., j 11 t lu \ nsino t v of rhe Brand vwme Mills, when meithcrs of the du Ponr t.undv. company empim is aJid their tarmiws aiitl eancr i".v l ted gi*esi % akuHir three thousand in til , xscmhlcd to celebrate ibc j l 'n i one bundled i e.'i's <*f ** ti ihmt nianutaeturiOg uciivire in Delaware. Dam.mg. target-shooui'.g. nmsic and it re works v.eic tearurcs id *h,u memorable daw A few da\w Liiu* unplovrx' cinimh :ce.s oh the Brandywine Mt Is and of iIk (links A limn* plant iorni.dly expressed rlieu* appre-CE icion for the Jj v m pleasure in hermtitullr cngtxkscd sets of resolerums whu h were framixb and arc s h iI ilwpl we i m ; lx-ciunp.mv f execaiive o!hcc>. 31 11) L' .1 -*OiXT\. h ac{di?\ a i- : *! [V J:f- 1 is- Da ton! ViXi-otoiJ Comjhi uy 's p rodnets an- used cxtots/rc/y /// the thtlion's j ruh/.unes. tloic ihis urgcnn \c/!ion developed is j Ih- lhajjc here i 1.1 i :\ background of lh C K. Da \ !s pl or. alcohol am! imiocelhlose. Jimr A n-!i)r; i ban a century or man of.iccunng cxI'cric ;icc, and with fAt., O.v P ! ' ?er. L i.vit.-t-.t,.-:. . ;a i. Iinmci l genius hjssfovHoptcldeliCate U.lil X U Hcd CuIoi N ;ill J pCi'l U1TIC s Jt OIH Coal iar. so are these ordinal v cellulose uxI:n cal -kil. in the chemical transfor Mlhsl ance.-. converted into a material like class or amber; mation of coiton -or cdbakwe into like worn. 01 wood or uihber, like hum, shell or pearl, products of vital imporurux* to rhe like icon or 'cmi-prituni-, stones, or what vou will. Its i iu-.su.. iz w a> k eical fen- die du Pont Company to extend capacity to dupheau: nr improve upon the structural i ho scope of jjs activities m fields close! v allied to the qualit ex a;td pmpen ivs of natural maierialx is truly otl:ei .i had j'l'ivunr-h Jcvedojx-d. man clous. fhc pvro.wlir. pl.i'.rre industry -ccinoJ to oiler a spleiulid it can be cur, sawed, as red, stamped, pressed, no ikied, opportaci:v for tlK ^ppheatum of this knowledge and ground, turned, st;etched, shrunk, p;dished, and can he ev j vr ience. AorordinHy. one id die iutt step:- m the assembled so art extent far surpassing inv ol its iKiiunil eomp.i-!\ \ ;enpr;;iu of ex par-si on vx.o the aCqeoh'.on m com 'X't j tors. Its colon i nr s the enure spectrum; its pat !y!N of the Arlington Com pan v. ol Newark, New jersey. tern or dress \s as changeable as 1 he whims ui style. \t ilia, time there were t nxc other concerns encaged m I he foregoing w 11 perhaps suggest t har t he production dre oioaies--. ihe 1 clwluid Cunij .uu*, organised in j fo o. of tins u11is| 1 k : itiaicnal o'lered promising possibilities to die InhenuiJ Corpora ei on, oremth/ed in ifo.?. .ml i he tiler men who established the Arhmriun (iunipait v in \ i.-xoioie ( mr>p;i;iv. Csfabl ndied in 19:'.-, Flic was k'lown to the trade under tins name Povio lir 1 id,one > produced by means ,d a senes ui im:.ii iyiy wheat it became a division unit of the <lu Pom; rather uwnplex chemical proccoxa from a mixture or cim- Cum pan). About that iii.ic large quantities of Pyralta T ..a- i !' wmamMMaKSkJmSmKmSSM The Arlington Work* vf the Du Pont Vhcoloid Company at Arlington, N. J,, where extensive JacUhies ar*t maintained jot the production oj Pyrutin. The wt picture, showing the plant as it existed in IH9S, aJ)ords an interesting contrast 32 -J/ic 13Id TAOIST. tldi/a i no \v-i-c being |h uduccd as the A ding; on plant to meet Nub orgimizrtions in the industry. and resulting in a mere il'c annual and abnormal demands hr it during die war amipiece and extensive hoe of products than was oliered a ia ] U>r many month > I'hc icxt mw ream wjr- lav ,inv other nunuiamirer. -;'<d tiVi ucsir ha ages i:i the ' >rg .utizarion. m.u 1 age - Prior to tho nrue the Jackie Novelty Company. organ . jvdioesam product w i n oi\U.r sorcsi; re the* hu i :iess ized in tSvjj, acted a. a distributor for a huge portion oi lo peace time a sis. Iliac accompl ished , the man age the \ iscolok! Companv's fabricated articles. Since ir was n|,-ni iva.- s u c t w h ii_'h P*nnt At u( ri hriniglllg J hr nr r; in 7:\ i om to a 'ic ik w end HI a pns ii ion of le;nlership. mav he w eli hi --.iiierch dcsir..hle io run anno thm dose assona non the odes organize:; ion w j -- men;cb. in i wi[h the Du Poet \ js- colo.J Company. ilitm com pic; mg du. U-iL*!iy the bac oimd oi i he \ ;-.u)!uiJ -ompam , which \wvas established :u I'->H Ciiibs'l iJ..i U:d s.M !i:. Today, the Du Pom Vwcoloid Cmnpunv smell useU..-s, and %v:i`*, t h c js as impurtanr in its IteL: as the parent - mess JaUinchcd c..rJ v in 1J com pane m rhe explost vc- uiditscrv 1'bh tCiitni TKx K w.;- ic, c:ui'> nun _]lvrhe result ol a *. of Itoi-ii, tjuc i( prairie-, of dKwindi -Acre k khe p-r-a-.lu',rrion oi ! mm K'ipa! act i vsev, an- i Ms ox vlin pla a ic livid was .h decline hi the --.a | spi V c climimnion from the awsw hi ig-hcru w it lie d prin^in.i Jlv S;!' I heir 1 ofiSL w ~4jjM : yO ' Its r'Vx> p-iani-; p-od are more than onrcli:rd nt j;: : he roxs-j i u pi a-st tc made m tin- counti-v sn cheturrn cl rods, :-heeiinc and tuhii'tg. The elhcientv ui the per>.onncl, .he mtllions oi dolk r- tuvored in mitdern equipment. ,md rhe runonuJ sales -ers.se i n' i'.t j ii ea i i e*i - are a ',) in har- hllO!*-. J;k 1 I ices. \\ ben refiuxcrj r or liuviv -vi; h this po.oimn .:f Scmdwr-ship. K.A, \ .ml oops, ivad grownig population C.^amparam-cls- lew peujsle reuit/e the Jn;u-c t he production oi louJ products of nice range of usefulness of Pvrulin anc heater urponance. ilu.ii horn Jbapl:tn- I mm fhe Middle Wed then ,l.m hahfiirnai, ai:d Im.dlv troiu -\rgen-- /'yraliri n'/C ru; I/it.' > .'.mJavrl ,-t ?' .-xc-n, n.vi'.v.iU di i m t ri,i * rs.-v, ^ iscoli>id, reaching a>. rhe'- Jo into were levd oi lite, n:io evers ouhisirv. into . .. e-wv noate, to ev er' perwn. t lu.- meiistrv 1111 il- 1 be rown of I.eonuic-ler Iwe l\vn rhe pr-i.cipal caters largeh to fhe /. <'J: * a ad l he LihuAmong tiic horn-aimh producing cciiUT in the world, and \va> a vuned articles oi ieminine appeal are roilet 'e's; hair a>gicaj place m manufacture the materia! which was to oimamerits, umbrella handles, hell buckles, shoe buckles, `Cpiace horn m tin, h h Su s 't v c The \ ocoloid (.oir.panv hat nrn.uilent.-., inanuiure sets, h;ig hxnnes, am: h'raecls:! s. M>UT1 developed mro an important. producer oi p-vroxvlin phlsti; articles. parueularh comb*. .uni ha r orn.nncuta. heomijoaei today i **. -a ill the mcnan center of the comb for rhe children, samiarv teething ring-, rattles, b-nghih' colored u:Vs, napkui rings, and ir.Litii-.d toilet oi plej-ing design. Other hnporranr use-- of cite narerul "U1^ hair ornanienr industry. include rraosparc'ur shea-ring lor anrnniohifes an,{ oi her Although the du Punt and Vi-coluid companies both tvpes of stock for the tii.iniPacturc ul wood heels, un produced pyroxylin photic, known as Reranu and VKco- breakable fountain poo u j h ! pcuciK nf cvcrv cidor, iooth-uM, rw pectr. el v. nee e-.--.enrial3oi I he saniceninposi: too, hrtnh handles, optic i! frames, knife handles, barhnmin 1 lc. hthricacing dtvoion.s oi these coni panics produced fixtures, advertising lunrlties and souvemrs. 1'he list i> ^rriclcs thar were very dissimilar in type. Recognising far from complete, but it suggest s the wide range oi prod the obvious economic advantages to he gained hr a ucts that: are made who! kr or in parr of pvroxvlin plastic. consolidation 1 the two interests. rhe Du Poor Vtscolonl In helping to siipplv tlie nation with a material iiscsl -oil]pajiy was formed m lysis, us a siih<u]iarv of the du inso exfensivelv rile a v is and mdmaries. the Dis Pimi: om Company, thus unifying the two most progressive Ndscoloid Compaii v is rcin:erii:g an unporiaui wr\ ice. " t LeOtt%in.Uer Woffe o/ the Oi* Pen t tissaioiVI Cam.pa.rxy at Luom i'u :--r. Aj j -. .uc/uH-stfe}, the cantar of tha comfe-tnafni/aeturinir industry in ihix cotintry. Jn the oval may be seen a lii-eti' -> /' : h- .- > ,s/, i nt.fmm a photograph made years ctga ' \ 7/iV Dr PONTJu/rvaz i -'if DU PONT ENGINEERING !\L'tO/f//////^ f be . v/iies *)f j h organryaion that has midmd the company and, I .(i '"S tiH: 11 /;; /,/ [J\rr, the )Ut/OU a COifSj'fCfiOUS efiTfic r; ii NEC Cl EUj'-.uO /> 1 L. C-- Ac'1C \ n . we war Ua vs. i.arge c.\ Uiuu'iib \\ ci e . amnwr-mrv ^. _ alsim.mlc lathe high explores plan! *. thebe P-..V jn^UNcr:--g ',w ;u 'yi- Hv major partion :b the war Oi CJUJ/.NUUl LI'.Tl 1' iPU'i if - 1' and program for suppfvmg the Allies w.w completed and the * ' 'i - --' . r. e) \ v f t'.ir.i* u -' w ark i r a farce pirCr.dU demobilized. \ c das rime the wralldcd h\ few hra ndicsof the company, depanriicnr completed tlie design and construction of J -1 ewh ,: cue 'N;!--! IT flVfU K*f * 1 t t s UVCI' lahrikoid pi am .u I omp.tn (km.n1 a. iur (bmmibn I' xp'o u-ua:' ! W,W "ho%wwr an ,/ny! newi ng Ltd,, and dcngn--V a;id hum Ohvin.i Pena ( >rundc. U'C-Unj/VG .O .1 J l \ i tH 1)\ JUILIUEC nearly.! qncH-hbc in' die rccn\cn u! nui'uics t ram are. ' '!'!1' inch. \.v .k:v . bccau.K: a par: of the pre.-eru ar~ A'hcu the t'm.ted M. Ucs cr.icred t he w.ir in i y i 7 it v ,0- zAtum, Tilc CcparOhciK grew ;ru(i! a 2 0! 11 imclcwul neccssarv to organ ze an an even farmer \c,ifc than Pel ore. 'n :it ;< i.i lu vine for !. prayram ireladed 1 He design .iiiJ oinstruction ar :o': C haw. ; : S' . ' a >i i h tree of $oa. From time to 1.tine tt totjk urt eng 1 curing and o* i-arumum . i in 0 nw s .mini.-, h r.nwlle- 1 i rik : onni'um- and. com-uncM other eipn !i:vr;;:L: -ei/nois with it. Our-.: ; lis: re! TKi !S.V. r;n :... 1.; plain, vein dc-agncd C >LI fhicckkoii pamih >>kkcckk-N'.' powder l near MhwhwfL. 1 en 1;e --.see . 1 i 1 c Ben nnn an she! I U a J i up jiimnca r W i 11 r .1 rim Fury, \iryiuu: Mi'phur;c aeid and nitric acid plain ^ ft r ihe wovemn ciii ai Indian Head, Mar\ fund, and con mAet able \\ a? on .1 : - \ . f. nlan t ui: 1 ve-; . met His-n. and cons irm led i s follows.. >U'i ! i.'a;, A :.ae li;.i, I A fkv!,tu., Alst'Ollsi1 1 lb; J-via \\ a-dnngfau, Lou , ur>, Colorado: Newhall . Maiue: a ohm: ir the Brazil mi Canerrma-nf :;:W IT: ice. Bra.-: 1!: Hawn Cdtv , Udiu k - .. ex ten- ti> Fomptoi ! Lake, New Jers - C--:-, ; Xh d'iy.u:. < j ut >vy. Si.wdi C^r,. hua: . M Mi-* ut:: I lapcwel f, ^ n In a-uad'Hi ia the da Pan? C ampai-,^ walk, plains were ['mil lor the Her:ules Powder C umjunv, j h h 'u Mv the coid; `danr .ir Kervit, Mew Jersev, l anil i lien the Hopewell ^Yiry^ inia_ guncotton plant li,:J he.;n 11 ir a; r '.1 -j ud t piece of construction, both with r. u -j r. ! r , 1 7H -;-i I I :; f aze. However, the design and j?inia; Jfiiicchus ,, Utah; construction of the Old Peiiiiiniii 0, \'irginiia;Ram- Hickory plant took first sir, Mtiotana; a black place. This work ranks powder plant an<i the re- as the greatest achieve Construe tionofac[vnamitc pi a nr at It male, C01tliforiiia. In the fall of 1914 the loomed up. The following `I J- Ar,..... I r ir < H ment u the engineering organization -- the build ing of the largest smoke less powder plant 111 the world. vcitr the engineer in y force The contract, signed was able to under cuke | January 1.9,191S, oiled for quicklv the major pro gram of plant design and b? 'iMMI V. the erection of a pi an t ca~ pah le < ifprod uci rig 900,000 construction to meet the po u 11 d s of 111 i J i t ar v coi ossa1 require men t s of biuokcless powder in each the Allies and, later, of day of twenty-four hours. chc United States, Large There were to be nine com design and supervisory plete units, each of 100,000 forces were placed at work ^ ri x h e 'A-' * 1 m 111 gtn n C Mh ce. A seclktn o/ ihm Wilmington Shops. Htira, during the nor period, xpeeial ntachinerv costing S4J,00D,ii0(! and powder boxes costing pounds daily capacity; ant! for designing a 11 d con .IGMS taw- wCIV Jt ;-A 8o i rh^ n'i`rt> huilr Special mturhinery of munv types for the mariuliiciwrfl or expiiisivex. amnumia. r*i.yaix und olliur product Tiu-;. ,1 ih<- . h>.-n wrtiKr an tt part dxs Pont |-'1h i'li. .TirK ranisti t ion structing this plain the Government was to par f-'- ^or ai. the company one dollar I. \ oyw ( .I'VO, *- Pi-umy o.kcll, ncL-j-'iva f\ * profit. Seven miles of railroad, to carry building mate Ji-JulH'. :ia1 l\r 1 H' l.ak \ew |cr-.c\, and - -. p.-RVOT pi 1 i 1 ' H; ,-Lls_ . ! ,,, ii:,.:' O .J::t iH J ,.iU.T ^ :u. la 1 , rd : i'.ac o! rials to the plant me, was constructed in twenty-nine cl 11 vs. Ground was broken for the erection of the plant March St and die first finished powder was. graitdated July 1.--1 1 6 Tu n later---h i days ahead, of the 34 -J'ie DU hoyc/zt zino Ckmtr:icc rc^inrcnicni. The second powder umr begun manufacrure on July eg; the third, Augu>.t i.o; the fourth, --e punt her 7; and die tifrh, September 1.4. Th e sixth unic was rcovK on November ti, Armisucc Oa\. "hL.r v.'as nor operaied. \r riur rime the seventh powder unit w aabout 93 per Cent Complete, and the <nphih and ntnrh anirs were approxhmrcle 6a per cent Complete. 1 he entire plant w.o about* 9$ per ecu: complete " ln eight months....at a c o m of >V;,.wo,;viO. J hr department* pervoioiel "cached ir- jxuk in August:, DiU alien 1 here were approxmuteh* x. 0*0 salaried staff uip]Xores and a parrot! force of .-ipproxiirn'e) v* y I he war activities uf this orgunizuinn) included com,!ruc- ot:n work armmruing ro SixsaxxcH.v. . **^mong the rdateif profeers were, power home'- with ^tifl v.upadis- O.f 1* boiler h. p ; pumping a.moi1. SS'V:\: a capreiu* of* y.:y ,o<x\eoo gallons a daw exceeding Hie CtuTibii 1 ed duilc water cniiMiniption ol PfnluJdphiu `U>d Uosron ; plantscapubic ol* filtering and purifying dale 1 r !oo,..s wgallon.- ol water; refri4 era tion uppar.Ku- wit I? *l opacity t j{ .jOj-p-pound of ice a Jav ; railroad v ard-. pa hJc i j { handd up i T. car-, ar one time, one h t ml red mdc^. of standard gauge aik! r wu hundred and eight mid' sd tiarmw gauge railroad, and 11.1,7*90indivnh at dwellings. Ihew, with rite accompamhne hotels, hoarding houses. `>v(,ircu's donnirorleo and buck boinw, were capable 1 >i * h ) a si 11 <r , pcr M >iv.. Du Poiv. engince"s aKo hull* woenmnutnirv building--. -^ucJi as (In>se 10 hmoe the Y. M. (A and h . \Y. C A., ^ Heterta.*.. school houses, lodge hall*., pmt t-ihces, drug uc-rcs. hanks and railroad '-tanutis, a total oi 11 gfTbuild,n'H costing', aftogeihcr shunt 6 ?, y. o.coc. Ai the height of tlie war work, in August, 0910, rhe ilLUIav av.rHc-d ueark S9 * <.*:* ***s a tin*. The rare of veartv uxpundiUjres s\;o Hnee times as great ;w char nude lor cunomcrion of rhe Panama (Anal. Toward checksvcof the war construe! ion w.o. becun *he Dye Works ar Deepwat-er Point, Xewjcrvev, ani -ance tout a 11 l imher of ma (or addi 1 ions have been made. i*u luJmg thc pi,if*u lor die manufacture of tciraetlw! lead. After the Armistice ir* wa% necessar\* to demobilize the gKan- ,1 r;i) e ;>i w<arker> cpiickd v. Ti > .iccoropl ivh this wjrh- 5U dcmuralizjtioj was a eli-ficulr tack. Accordmydv, cotcaderah] e turvjde \s ork* w.u undertakcu to avo;h ^lo 1 aptirig the forces. FAk example, SCvccxxcoa.aof deslgr an*d 11msi ruci nm work was tlone for the Cieneral AUiturs t. or- poru 1;i 1 ij,, ineluvkny die huge <ankk.K plain at Demur JIUP -0 dwellings ar Idim and Pom iac. Michigan. Dace die war the organization has cimirleied rhe ^ojji wmg work for tlte da Pont Caenparv and suA.o. atieo ,.\ 1 a von plain* tor rhe Du Pone Kavon (Annum HuitaD, N; w h'o-k; a hierh c\]''.osive- plant* a: 1 ai *lfr'-1- ^ hike fur the ( ompania SuJ-Ameneaca Je Ii\~ ph'^iW),; ad.linocj. plants ho* the Du Pom l\ ,0 m h <->rr.pun-\- j;. Biuf.do and Old II ickm*\ ; a smichenc a:u- r:l0|r**1 pl.tm b*ir .'...rote, fnc.. near i'harie.Otui. \\ e*o ^ o-ginin;ar, industri i\ alcohol pl.mr at Deepsvatcr Point, Acw Jersey for t he Iktoern .\ Icouul (. 1 irporatuui, and a new high explosives plant near Binmnyham, Alabama, The scope oi em;nice ring s l t v ices rendered covers a more varied line of manufacture and processes than can probahh' lx* credited to any other corporation in the coaturv. Plant vire sfcdic' are nude itronviryn unaivss or fVeigbs rate^ on incoming raw materials mid oulgoing linndied prod acts, tiipographv. labor condi-rimm water ;.:id power suppw, ckniatic condition--. ;iik [ mi t>ji. Complete architec uiral aiut arijcrurjl l.oauics arc nadc of Liaorv biidditigv. uiiiicv iaborai*i>rics and -atop-. C.i.anofcte design.- arc iiunlc ol process cy Uk|'*jnena, I me prince! ion, hc;mny\ fight mg and vcai dating, [ogether with fa\xiits :A pos\cr plants aiiii dj-arihamig sxstems which suppf\* steam, clccm'cifr, aJrigcranon arid compressed air and water as required. Opcr,iu\e ,titel rnechamcaf J'escarch engineers srndv (he aanpHiv'v.iriou y-roees -e-, become Dmtliar wtih del ,ul- ot all okmr oper.niiun-, irnprince old and develojn new mechanical and power equiniiicir. !u increase (dan! o(x*rrtL ing efliciercy; they also cooperate with oi her technical Jcp.irnjieiHs rr 1 ^'evelopinn new' .'iiuniifaennung processe. 1`his work calk h*-r speciaii*-is \r. ue.ndv aU lines of ciubneering. Cimscs-prenro', on the staff are construction engineers, cixd, inecuanical, elcemcaf, power and incclsaimai research engineers, archr.eci.s, structural and machine designers, heating and ventihiring engineers. The Ju Pont oigioeenng iirganizanon pi>sse*s>e-i 1 he knowledge mid e> penence whiefi enabled it to ^et up a rein a r k.. h l e re mr'd during rhe war and also to carrv -nit j*J*ie design and construction work regtiired for the com p..u\'s md vnlual depa; oneios ,nd its subsidiaries, FORTV-l:I\*L YEARS AGO .0 :r}f: y,-e *0 him when lie continued to insist*. Thev incr next im>rn imp and proceeded to Kep.mno. At ro:::o o'clock, a telegram \va-. Iiaiulcd 10 me in the office, stating rh.ir Presidem Lanmiot du Ihaii, SujX'riniaident Walter X, Nil I, nit rngh t eriri -11 akers Nuiouv,, Norton and Leu , and a stranger mured Ackcr-un, had ak i*ccn insumlv kdteil in an ex plosion, 1 svas crushed, i ixmlizcd his unmnedvdemh hue sttllcd a master mind, all who knew him had low a In end. As thus Cilamnv had uken rhe lives ofkul the practical rmumlaciLtrcTs u: n,\a 11.mice .0 Rep,.woo, nutters were verv cluiotic uiuil Mr. Willar*,!, manager o! thc Hercules Comp.no oi Cleveland, came with Mr. \\ ilkt)n, ho. .-upernucodcfU, and rcrauI: (he Rcpuunn Work-. W'iHiiOi) vhi IX. 3 11 -uccexsk-.'. Lairinum. J e IHn: au-.l m Juiv, tvv;. moved Hie mi:cm m Whhningo.gr. dim stall oi elcrks hud rhea *nvn aureasex! l.-a ..horn Ten or Twelve. \x t :j;ik luck atul i\.UA I hsve *i,id thc rare privilege ol a 11 aegu.-! nr.-r ccslup wi Hw-i x of fCiceigOT prcsnleai.-: of the winpov, ar.d .m orOoricrmv to see tile three htare s-.nis of 1.amnia; .k. Poor P.cr-v. Irencc and I .ammot. Jo grow tip to be -uccessfuJ h,i*-inem men. honored, re-peincd. and n-cral aiizcns, l can repeat with die ITahm st "Th<- Jims arc !.*ilkm unto me m pTnuane place-. ` 35 z/ic 33U APPLYING SCIENCE TO PAINT (J-rtti/cdi ^ u:,nrh tnni rout rol. j \' j*i\idiced h r the J// Pont jut/*?! mud varmsb ov^aui-^auoH* thjre {{/ pet/ mu- nnpeitm to ,.m oh! .nnl //sc ft/! industry Hi tic P.mi iAHnp.iry :i;*g Hr j, W IdhMs J hc-.c coaLrihjlitin s 1:0 rhe inJiKirc became j!iv\-*'.K.! r: i\u: pCr: N:-::x:s- i r- 1,1 u ..... .. r..; **,*,,*. m i ; / v s ---; ia\T Pane much u* di--jd;uc ihc old `iMlc-i'jr-rhuinh" icerhod- p.iih rile 4J f d1 II _ i i ` s >I; ike .H\j ;' -A: i * H * n f hnTb-o.i brother- % l .ompatw of Pkd.iGeb i"E M. ,. x. : -I IT \ .T : 1 <; }. H it HI ..ge * :id U g .t hi j ; r v of c noniiM I [e v c imu m ;t t J !1 Inn: 11 ,i 11 iC.il .iCClsnieV. VoiilhH.- .HllTJE! its .UViTlird i sh! LiCG L * i-: Di.l O. the IV.s.iit Oi ii];.: COiilp.UTE -- 1 -. J C) i I. A.Aw ::'. OT:;V JV..' O 1 CO: 8V v .s -t i'csouTNcs in chciiic.il Icnpivk:-.!pc .old m.ThjhuT nr- % icr :i l in .i- >i ! he onpnn ..a; h ' jij i i;j irdwr'w die inc xpci'icncc- Hih pri>duci firuupf)-: a boar ci.nrdc xA ! C I'-,;.:'. !G.i ,iE-.;Gi i\.J -x_ \ -_E,i : ui EW V Hi SET A i'f O '> HTTii t csa ja h < ciunvlv new wiv fc provivkd t j-'rotlliGi -!:ui!>!n.i; she Hi ' e t W \,h h : ' ' i: -.h il l i'.i*mp.mv ui ro t he irdior ry wind) nor un;v cflcacd _u;'c;iu:r diir.iluJ if y \.-m \'i gird. i j nv.ii i'i it'M i, -.hi: t.hic.un Varnish (.am miller PH)'.:: trvnit5; o mdi i ions, hill ;ib;o **l a,u 1 c n ! in i:t\ ;i - \T'H Ol * ;! C .! a G-- d'.-C \Aw J IC C 1.8 ! id 0:1. I'.i'iH Jik! . ft oue to the Ainchc.m puhiic ivj--e ui pruxl- \ r.N--i- ( -i:U\irv . hw.T M ----- U/h 'f -' i < 1 EN'llTcIl iV-H'-k; C'.Cf-'i wive were Hjf hm-dl ; - I :A > wliit'-i druol i.juick, y in-.u:.svl >d It k;ny houi's d.ivs. n h.-o-ii riAH. .n*y m:c couU Use. and riic mc.aw whereby - Th,; hrbi eei'* " W.k l ! I -.h i : n i p,u; v wa - noted lire r m co: o: -i t - ,m inc re I \ new cr.i m ii;*mc .h-cc>ra- e .**i* :r- h:vot nlLr**, *.rj ;;*-. t e g mTshw* o' ack'novvLJgcd TEC ! - h i p. . Lv.. 1 iHC.O.W V .i El. bl C . >!V: 0,0: -, non ha*, been created. iC.K-k wlhi :iv.rv tiiLuv nhja'iai to |'--,i i n 11 ,*i mnv h t J HEi iT;!-it i:\-J -I h"C Of ' JEi i *! I C - WL-lb :G1 C: l.i i1 (c rc,':r.l- |uv t*1 n-iiif4 Daco. [i ha- ocoicd lor the mousd-older new icr r.N'rw i !i.m *:ii x- car'-' of tonf muen u -.c. 1 h-rou^li sTsr.i % of odor nmTinmy. Nio Jcvdopmc ';t m tin: htsi;;rv t !v j purd-j-N - 'i i kc-'N- v t t u i- cccTirciiiic'-. cacii lur-'-jinJ- or the p:nnnny mjasirv has been so remarkahL- or so inil m H-. '.pcciik held, rhe du fk>JH ijuicklv rc\'ol-jtinn.irv' as rhi c-h.\u\H-icrd a c< mi [He re lice iir pJisii'.. -c-irn-Jic^, enamels, L E- -, J !. I -iU--., LTCh i>: llich YET- of rcCO^tl;'/CA.l Pn i sC laoiiiv F \i \ r ^mvicr T.i. ! ! ; \ 'on. ,u.:-H-:: -iO'-'E: At;-ttlicr notable example of rhe du Pour Cam pan vh UCA ` JiO.i y. 1 / ,111 i CT k . wincll C- 'J|-ds.i! Corn n hm ior. to the niJustrx' !s the xlu Funi PtNsen pt 3.<n LI:": TUCi'E C,Uv of 1"" Volf- ! '!t pd-P, U t .ivt li fA I! p CXpCfl-* ikiim >c"\Ece which for ;dse* first time apphe.- ea^ificena^ L-iKv `.v iih. f he t ;| p,?rit ( onH'.nv - ! i.-" v-edr- at Isro.i-J cllem - practice-, to fr.etorv m.imienance. --\crual -.urwevs o: ic.:! .ml n -s c .t:\di kn.m-'O-irc, -..pnc ki v orouylH' isirn i he j'llann ,rv made andcr the supervision of du Pont engi- n -iiii7 so c t > rT" v b ' t h v ' r i > n n nccis: corn. i rn m-s p-ecal iar 1 a krovii l.itih :l c -' ;l t ! c \hcriciiCe. each plane are noted, and Dp t ;::; i lie U'-'i los '- v Ti's, vEioic the ihj Poor ( .avny.Auv 1 r `.1 definite recommendations are made as to the products best w:i -- -imKhn'dizini! material-- ail'd Miited for various purposes, the qu.daii-i. hesi methods for their applica rnarketc-J t o J \ id l h i H v. Ten iis tion. and the proper painting an. I in: IradiEC icnis oi each schedule. As a result, plane ::n-c \x\:e*.. wei-.ied into >.'He hoc upkeep, as far as paint prod ! HiH-dlC-- ior e'-O'-E h*Ui'-C:H)iJ uct's arc cooccrnedT is placed iEvTi-HAi; U.-eacd m.H-kefv-d tinder the dit Pont mad. on a precision basis, resulting in -i^rcaier protection at less cost. i loin ! hr i'earnmn;; <:: ! lie v l : 1; Cl; v -%u!! i:CO J: J1! V i! h L ilC p.'L: fit Hi.Ui:- i EV. *JiC full l TCI i J L 1c "f7i.' ./i P(ti! ' .1; i"> 11 i.y' -, F.'iry. plain ia Uu T-a U-..TA . i v% > : ( }>nref*ti.\x'tl t r<;ri Hiir'i.M.'j; Hvifhers C* on,- >/ r-'ii1 rn'.ia r /win r \ in the e.<i.m:ry Along with rhe creating oi Duco and with the developmem oi the Prescription Pains of ns re -eciT fx * n'lNin-nci r n>n. end c*. c-trcd merhod s- were up berview die du Punt (Amipjnv has pioneered toward the pin:d ,uh cii :v--u! ted in C;1 nip la the puni jc a new uambii'd simphfic.u son oi its paint line-. While research w<>rk and .;i" - JiNO hr'I'iiPti m,iivr;.:h un.] inn--hinx 'herhod-. ( Fd mam.h.criming nieihocN arc being cons tarn.] devdojxrJ r-roOa.u-' - have hecit :titpr. >od ;H,k I Hexv j'n'u! LCTs h.l re heCi) a nd iniprovcsl, m.irkcrs are be in a const.mtl v sru-diei.I, t ie --ltd .ire heme crcacc'd. New i\ pcs ni nsniip rncihoJ-- and disinbutron is being dcvclopiaj in order dial: the public rcco.Vii ;u: .iroar.in:-- have been Acohoped, nunv or iheili ?vu v MT^eive thcssr prtid acts not onlv at uniform high tjual- : ;c w ;o tuc :ndiistaw and -oil cxclmve w Ull ilu Font. u v hut ai.'.u ax economical!v and con'/ecientlr as p>s-,ih;e 36 ^Me JD)U PONT^a^azine PIGMENTS AND HEAVY CHEMICALS In )hnm they mean little to the average man; hut t f their munufactmr suddenly censed, he would he depmwd of many actual needs and com [mis Hi-, business suggA-oted hv this title m die outgrowth of an enterprise hieh h;ni its beginning in i79^. when J I- n Harrison. a vmmg chc-misy By JT C. I HUM l'SOX % Pa -i;TS : nr. v-.vr.f Aw,, in-,, Philadelphia might undertake to pro duce siron-xiuin nitrate. Soon afterwards, the cum pan}' was producing adequate yi.uuntii's ot th 1 chemical. 'barred 10 produce m: phuric add in a 1 ii tie shop at Third Along with the purchase ot the Harrison Companv, ;uid (jreen .Streets, Philadelphia, Ar char rime this acid the du Pont Company ;ilsO acquired valuable processes fur vras concentrated in trac'ile glass containers a highly the manufacture ot I thopnne and drr colors. Beck ton dangerous operation. Lacer he substituted for his glass Wb.ite bthopnric -the litsi product of its kind to be f^corLs a costlv pi a.nil tun container, manufactured in .America--was being u'hich not onlv eliminated the Break- utilized in 1 he manufacture oflinoleimi, hazard bur also increased the erfi paints, shade cloth and other products. Cfency oi hi:,process. Hi', hum res*' giess I x i ; u '% hire pigment. At ihur. t ime it., and his sons enlarged it. So it was when the da Pont Company purchased the Harrison Brothers fit Company in 1917, rBc accumuhircJ facilities of a great Jb c . my principal drawback was the fact that its snowy whiteness lacked stability under the ini uerce of snnhghr. Ac cordingly , research chemists applied neiiiuf;iciuring organization were ac- 1 he nsel ves to 1 he problem of perfecting dmred witli un extensive line of chcmleal prud nets. Sulphurjc acid is used either direct Iv vr liihopone in this respect. Careful study iliscloscsi the freuidc and suggested the remedy wliich has since been applied, r indirecrlv in practicallv cvrv imius Du Pont Iirhopone is now light stable. ,,-y. Its importance is well illustrated This nuiv he cites} a.s one of the con- By an occurrence many years ago. tnhutioiis made by chemistry to the Sulphur, its basic i agredient, was not produced in America men; ii w as Broughr from Sicilv hi sailing vessels. John Harrison was the first totnanufaclure sulphuric acid in America. This i ieivshott". his acid plant at Kensington. Philadelphia consuming industries. Although the average man has HtrJe or no ebrec.f contact with pigments and One of these ships, caught in <*. violent storm at sea. w,o heavy chemicals he i> nevertheless dependent upon them wept iar off its course ami. six weeks, later, was given up lor many thing-' ewenml to his d.oly fife. -lH lost. Sulphur aiyplies became amluuslv low and the The glass in the windows ol Ins home ha.- sab cake acid pianr faced a shut down. Textile mills depending in it; leather in his shoes may be tanned with the aid of lTun its output also faced suspension. A mom; at sea had lactic acid; his drhikirg voner is purified hv alum; barium realh endangered 1 lie industrial welfare 01 the l.'niied chloi ide helps ihc refining of ihc sugar in Ids morning AotiLN. Fortuuatelv, the vessel weathered the storm ami codec. The pickles he eats, the smokeless powder he made port In rime to permit cunt! nuance ol product ion. .shoots, his spectacle frames and his irc.di lv- hitrnlcrcd Audi an cmcygeiicv could nor exist today, for the chemical linens employ acetic acid in click* prodaction. His cravat industry i.. now widespread and various supply sources is decorated by colors produced with the aid of muriatic Have been dew eloped. acid; his favorite magazine, hv engravings etched with 1 o this original Harrison product, later were added nicric acid. nitric, muriatic, acetic am! lactic acids; strontium mimic, The blue stripe in his shirt and his tan socks are lived alums, and I tthopone. Since the du Pont Company acquired through the use of anhydrous sodium sulphate. His auto Hie business, these products have been refmecl and others mobile tire.',, tlic pain; on Ids house and the linoleum tin among them anhydrous sodium sulphate, barium chJo- [lie floor have li fhopone as an ingredient. His surround - r|de, dry colors and alumina hvdrate have been Lidded. ing.s would be drab, indeed, tf it, were nor for drv colors, Haring the World A ar, Harrison Brothers <Sc (Amipanv which add he duty to all painted surfaces, Even his Fourth came to the rescue of American railroads jit a win that oi July celebration would be hard!)' com pi ere without permitted them m continue operations on a safe basis. crimson fireworks made from strontium mrrate. Hi or to 1914, all strontium nitrate toed in the man ufao This list could he extended indefinitely, hut: die fore tlire of railroad fusees or red safe tv dares came from Gcr- going examples of ne multiplicity of uses for these n'n:i), When importations stopped, onlv meager supplier re-liuivelv unfanii liar products sufbcicntl v attest riledr were avatlable, and manufacturers of fusees went to Wash- economic importance to the many and varied manufac ,ngton for help. 1 hcv were told that Harrison Brothers ol turing industries of America. 37 me DU POWT-ilaaa-xina THE ACHIEVEMENTS OF A DECADE IN THE DYESTUFFS BUSINESS / he da Pont (..Ola(kitty has hun heipj/t! in dtvi'lopifig an industry of larval import a net to the nun on ni times oj peace and war hath i:x victories no less chan \\ :ir. 1 iic du Port JvesfuiTs inJlKU * . i; Hu 'Gtich the Co h i pan \ \v a - ih E- (t - Rohi \a o x < > H- M ..a* Pm? tk Ph :rn>;% /;r ';a. tlsTO'ufb. indusirv. Ten years does not seem a verv long lime in comparison with t >e louy life of the company, but led dunn the Work War. ha-, now devdopmenfs move much mote rapidlv reached a lap: ul Jcvcior-iiKiN where it can supply Che these days than thev did during the firs! half of the past con-re ming ndiwinc-- of rhe Laired States with a very eenttrv. Accordingly, the du Pori dvestuifs business at large peitcniHge of ihtar need' or tivcCuii ten \ears uf age i-> mature and wed iieveloped 1 iistead of Prior Cu the greet w .j r, synthetic -Ire.' for rhe whole being still in iu childhooiL work vorre .. i nrere ; U made in Genu iin , ,u;d i [ was not The compam' was more than fifty tear-, old when die imu! iiiL war mrerrered whh import', [liar the American iii'st si'ntiienc coal-iur dvc was produced. As liappens ui public rc.tli/a! the g.v re dependence of'numc;- main such discoveries, this liiv: due was ob OU s : ild Usti'ICs i c.]'ic l mtL.il Mates upon rhesc tained a;:r.identally h\* an F.ngfishman nainn. cs-'CnruJ material-*. We ordmarifv i funk, oi Perkin while he was experimenting for the d vc' a-- being tu-cd in tie tea the lie Id only .hut, production of an cmireh different material. a-. a marrer or racr, to rhe lca.fh.cr. p..spa\ paint, Although this discovery occurred in England, j.ik .inJ mare iuh-eT indiotrics, a -upph ul die Germans were cjuick : o .seize upon it and win henc ihvMuiis. i' hist as inJ isp-e",sable. Al to develop additional decs, so that for many though line \n !nc kA lire Jvcstufls in iruot I in- years the dvcnmfls inLiusrrv in Germany was rehed .in. i - a*: c at rreucA ana i pc reen rape prd mmeiK . We do not know how long a time iil the u Hal . a sue oi i lie an ides f.remscivere " elapsed before the Germans realized theorg.ime : is. cstiin.;tco thou So.'.: a;.'-.-\:..a.-o oi produc chemical industry was a powerful weapon a* tion i t :hi' c o iu u :m i*. dependent on tjtedveaufis ic Ju mo seeiire for them a coveted "place in (he sun," hut wc du V. e can .ili re me it; her ; he exc it uncut caused during rhe know rhu: tfiev rauglu the rest of rhe work! a uever-10- carlv Jays W: eie w a-when it ware ivp*>rred that dve-rei!i- hc-forgotten Ic s mt wrhen they loosed their first cloud of ei'c a c l OHi :ng s c .u 'l c because thev could not he secured poDcu gas against the Canadians at h prc.s in uji y ha>in t renn-jf:\-. People wcre led ro believe t hat we w mild ail he towed t*. ' wtrar white cloth i np. Due Co the fores i phi aid enLerpro-e of tire da Pont {.nrupanv and other com- Na t io n a l Sr:ei t r it y Thr 1 nt rod net -on of poison gas warfare has demonstrated pauuesw hi eh mil Ir'r-.ok the meal ion oi a dyc.-.Utb'sindiu.try that rhe security of a nation from aggression G dependent n 1. hi - _; 'urtrv, iris cs ta.-t ropne ior : r would have been upon its having n weli-dcvelojicd organic chemical iudus- i cura cru-phe was h<. ppi! v a verted. bur a vein* or nvc :.i rer i he t nrted States entered t lic m.ir re April, repp. rh_* Jc. cdopnieiic of the mdirerrv was greeiih' handicapped bec.iiu.L a!! the resources of the coiin:n . borfi burn.!:! end nutemr. were enneeurrared on the us; task oi winning the cordhet. Irejuipmcnc and raw min rials were hard t o /a.-r; a proper!v rranred personnel nardf-'i . These met- had to be developed, processes 1 a'J to be wiiried out and special eqt 1 pmeii had to lit nv ou.Mcou:--.;. which m nmes .wcuiic' ru prc-.cn almost m trv It is now well ui'der.stood that dvestujis eipiipmem and [Personnel can be - ,i.s in (rcnuanv's case thev' were cpiicklv tunicd owr to flic manufjctm-e of poison gas. Tile world would he unsafe if the organic chemical iiufiKstre were concentrated in the hands of any one nation. This has been teeogsn/.cd In mtr (.lavcnmiciit. an J the present stage m the developniert of the American dvesEuiG mdi.s m- w possible on I v as a ivs.nf:' of tariff legislation pon sored hy hm seeing icxiilc manufaci.urers. I hi.-, is the agL. td chemistry. We have had our mechani sii|x':'j!dc o!-isOirlt>. Thcihi Pone ('onij-unv never faltered, cal age, our xteul aye. and our elccLr.c.il agc% hut the age iio'A eor, ru s planuo meet the eruerpeueu . .md :i stands of chemisiyv it. t his country is juo beginning. Oniv a few ! 1 k . .0 leads1 to serve die t btmsamG oj uin'.liners d\ e- v ear-, ago I he wuivl "chemisr:'' suggested the corner drug -nn.ds m ih-c same wav It l:;n alwavs served 1 be ir.hi-.irics store. Inn. 1:1 the past few years wc have awakened to the d":vi; h-ti; OH Its OH'd Iflleol pi'i.S.J; CF s. fact that che-mb trv u. exerting a powerful iniliicncc on all IT*i: rear the Ju Punt Cdun.\m\ celeh-nites the uph phares of our dail v life. There is proha hi v no industry mu \. r-au-'a of os I'iiiuislinp IW- a can nculence fhc nine w It c 'i is nor ilependent more or less directlv upon the rear marks the ml: a-uvi vc-ure of its eiicr.iuce into due -vience :if chemistry. dH Otic DU PONT^liuacmno hhedu Ft mi Company is ;i chemical oimpanr. For more L^`U1 `L century iis activities were confined u> the many* hie' urcofcxplosi reproduces . More recently other brunches chemical industry h;n*e been included, and now for ten 'car? the compain has been developing f Iic must com plicated of all- ->vnthctic organic chemicals, Xtvi Decs i i *ri > Ai.o m: Hk t c seems rn be no limir rn the organic compound'. xvhich can be produced, or 10 the varied w.o s in which 1 ^U;v can he used m serving other branches of industry. ^ e [vth;ips chink first of dyestuffs as samples of synthetic or,Cranic chemical products, hur the field is not confined rn diese; continual devclopnienf % are being made of close!v allied compounds useful lor other purposes than the crea- fu>n color. An bounce is furnished in the group of 1 llhher accelerators which roe.o are u>vd almost utmri'vihy to shurfeu the nine required for wdcamang rubber pUidtitts. 1 he du Pont C .njnpanv produces a varied lire of them in order m meet the difJaem needs which arise in _rJlc Ntanufnct tire of dilfcrenr classes of rn hher a n icies 1 accelerators. In decreasing greatly the time required *or '`ulomizaiiorg increase rhe factory ompur. Millions nf dollars of additional in\est meni in rubber factories "l|ld he required d i Ik -w accelerators were nor ;i vailah-c. _ ^h'ganie compound.^ of another imporianr class are rhe d:->tarion agents. In .some mvsfenou- w;iv thev possess the P! opeiT\- of selecting rhe valuable porrion iron a mixture Ui hJ1cdy-ground ores and useless materials, and of re jeering t,lc ^ekws pari. These thnutior, agents, which in many ClSL's are closely related chemically to {he dv c mu IFn . have yCil enormous sums ihrough Increasing the efficiency of >re recoveryt and in many cases thev have made it po>- S!hlc to recover large va!ues from piles of t. flings which *1;Jd been previously rejected. hi connect ion wit h its other organic chemical develop- mciuN idle du Po s h Company has recently developed and placed on rhe market j line of seed disinfectants known :w Scutcsan compounds. These arc organic mercury denva lives, and their value lies in their ability to increase the yield of agricultural :rops by prevailing the ravages of plant diseases. Disease germs arc carried hv all varieties of wed ami, if allowed ro develop unchecked, thev -eip the vhahtv c A the `-cedling and in mans cases kill il before o can reach maturity. Treating seed*- with bemoan hehve : dev are plan red greatly increnwo the percentageof healrhv plants ohramed. As these seed disinfectants come into general use hv farmers and growers thev will increase crop yields per acre a n1' diminish the fosses which result from weakened, diseased plants unable to bear fruit. This is unlv another of the marvels which synthetic organic chemistry has produced. Another development which applies to the automobile industry is the manufacture of retructhvl lead, hi the -de sign of an internal combustion engine there is a limit to the compression under winch il can be run. on account of rhe tendency to cause high-velociiv explosions or detona tion in the cylinders. I his produces, the phenomenon known as "knocking'' and rc'.uhs in loss of power and mjurv io the motor- The Gcncr.J Motors Corporation discovered that the addition to gasoline of verv ininme quuntines of terruLfh vl lead would el: minute th iT rendeiio and permit thcdevelo msem of motors oi great!\ im reived ehii:ieuc\. leu years ago :1ns compound was a laboi .inns Ciiriosii v. n >\v it is being produced *n large quantstie^ hv rhe du Pom Company at its plain as Deepwater Point. Nlcw Jersey. Gasoline so treated G marketed under the name Etlnd Gasoline, and the general introduction of this rv pc of fuel bids fair .o revol ui ion me i he manufacture of inrern.il combust ion engines. Just as organic dumiorv has made h posable to produce les; expendve and herrer tires for (he a tiro mob 1c bv i he iHe of accelerators, so a Go has organic chemist rv developed a wav to obtain moo efficient nrilGarton of the gasoline supply. cy/i& OU DU PONT'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY baprovum;//' j /u Jc hi rjjou 4/rr ofmivJ ;i>c iraj, for tin- mni/tfacfxrv of uuhn prois/fcis of inunujf *vpfn-^l to the fuhlr:. 1:1.\ Cll.uJ.'hliul :ii' l Pi'U-JULcd A - i k !! ku ! .N:," b\ k. h .TUN' > i UNUi ;;u Bv L. \ \-:\ik i:.s imfionaint developments. One el them i-, l hi l3s r i i S;iper-J .:<tra, a multi nla- w s''x4 .r '-i oi-jf.i in: cJ u unr-.iuv Or Du font k. /iac. neiK yarn oi' Hindi greater ^oittiuss `. .i il ILiCt j": UaUhX. ! !C j uli-J than tile regular grades. This u nnv .i:; u;cuor\ th.ir v .-,d du--.?inu'J to grow to aaocn.ling sranJ.tri! in the field of line underwear, hosicn\ velvri yroromo a. bar xear.-. 'is ui.umi.iciure wi- conlmix! and other hiyh-gratie products. And another tmourianf .ihn-i'-i un-:ru!v to Europe, liven ,i-. late a- i 9to idlest: w;o-. r,tep o he marker] ng of v.trn won no' on coiies instead of pr;iv' icali v :iu produuion and little skeins, thus permitting greaicr c H! aunnr.u j ; 0! rhuvjrn in Amer- speed and economy in its use by n.,i. Su m \ ear-. Ltici, u .a v o -.l t , the textile manufacturer. .!.v--r :c production had r-av-cd From the consumer point of t iv in i d sou piyu:,! mark, and rccci-i. view, rayon has brought the luxury -:a;in:,> .dons .a in the of beautiful* colorful fabrics of l TUuc- ivd a-:l inlii delightful texture within the buy U:-J- :f. v:'C IT .1U U CUTl, EC <' ing scope of millions of people who v-.i-.i- an 'Ciir-ur a: nearly >j\:\ heretofore could not afford it. :wo uuihon pound;' Rayon has given to wool and of the clu Pont cotton unusual decorative possi TT-O' ;.nr.o i :c ra> at uciJ w-'- bilities that have greatly increased 1 ;v -a o.uur.b 'Up ir; ir -. c>: their appeal, while to silk it i rn .;_;ran:. ) cat*'- o dewsopmen has also contributed added wear u .a: k is cOinioe duim-ury had ing qualities and permitted price S'i'i>v ;u:..v a -pSvnciJ km? O.i Lum u>r lower than ever before. r v. m-racpurc o; uh? 'vcc 1 > U Today rayon serves mankind :n U V :t; 1: LU l?I -11 ilC! C k-J i i. !-MJ a wdde variety of ways. One fifth 1 1 . - !i 1 Uc i i: V j :J.i!! I ' 'f i 1C S )i I ofall the hosiery produced con rut ins rayon. Every man, woman aod roue la her---! ' I-: l.orap.cim w H\ child in this country consumes u.'ucnd ai Buis ah*, Yew ^ * *1 k. and annually, on the average, about mon in i! lion ol round-, M wood two pairs of hosiery made with I'udp were ruing Iran - L> viced into rayon. From the dollar standpoint, mi Sioiisoi rktni':ui bcaunh ! liber one third of all women's under -aid ;i . d \%.o, !;r,*L ..died, or r..vo;i wear sold is rayon. Millions of a- u ! n now dc-i^n.itvd. The coir- yards of cloth arc made wholly ot r*ar;V U.lUte \v;:-, laUT C;l..need to in part of this yarn, and these tiiv Du l\ru. idiu m C oinpHN, ;i;id fabrics are used extensively for iiiimhvT I.l rye '.a-i r w e bu iir tE on \\kUi ;rr, ] en: se---.ee. IT I tufa dresses, draperies, bedspreads and W . j.:.. jr:.... hundreds of other articles. JRnyon u,i;v !':! f.!'l ir.axj.-ubduru ......*......:...*... ` is not only serviceable but is also i he do !Pom ( A'tCp.UD 1 , Cos. I hts giri m df&sad it* r<iyort from, head to joat well suited for various modes. The iribx:ted !uutrtiU* to 1 he :: uir\ clou highest style authorities in this be* th p r,,: nr ni inc r,u: i! .Ji:-! r. The resources of its country and in Europe are continually using it in their Owmlc b i 3rsani v.jrioit h: 1 \ -.* beer brought into play to creations. The accompanying picture, secured from one of ,:i'v added hvauo , ihi.nca--.uJ dai.dudrv nd extra soft- the most fashionable New York stores, shows a girl rum, 10 ; iij-, ';rva t n\.m -ma-dx' icxrk: til,it '-tunda shoulder whose entire wearing apparel is made of rayon, thus r:v --Iii iUkiur \vi: u i ,n urv x a^v-cd J hhu;:":- .osk, wool and indicating its remarkable adaptability. What the pro uvih!;, [j i the iinited allowed for thi-; article there duction will be or to what further uses it will be put 1 . hrdu e h '!:; ror more than a hrici niuiuion of two during the next generation, one can only imagine. 40 -FV?V T31A T^OT'TXk.JlacmiZtino MOTION PICTURE FILM rIn Pont Com^jux sought intfnbw outlet joy cef/ft/osy pyoJmis, ./;/./ ilut is uP- r, Unliti, Dn Pom-Poilnfi hit is youtvihitting ph\iSMn to nti!lions MT nlrccn yc.iT'. ago the -du Pont lh (iLOiun: Rockici:n rhar hm, re hr scniiouniec were over -onijNuiv, in accordance wich ira , come, all of which required inhnirc ^^hli-.hed pul lev ul developing the i;iA /u-.'/C i-..\f. 1 r.;u.- p.nienct: and intention to dct.111 before lieu] j| industrial products made from succcs:. y v ;L'. achieved. This, can oe reui- cellclose, begun to sruJv rhe possibilities of the motion i/.ed oniv when one com filers the ext rcine seUsilivii) ut picture iifm, which wa- chon a com pa rati vdv new mvei'i- photographic emulsions n1 hghi and to the mmuro-.i r|on. 1 he large held tor use of motion picture him in the traces of inipurrties, or considers the reouirur.ents for theater, the Inline, the school, and tn nnhistrv \v;i> easily proper speed and counan.t upon which i'c :v :r ! mu onlv uppreciaicd, mid the industry of producing the lilm itself' the regisrr 1 non of the image, but also the proper value- -ppeured 10 he one worths' oi con si derm ion n a permanent oi high lights and shadow-.. investment*. It was not, however, unril i y34 that the com In tile manufuLrure of morion picture film rhe celluloid P;,n> undertook active])' the hrm expenmenta; woi*k on base or carrier ior the c h u imo u is prodiiecd bv casting photographic emulsions and thccclhdoid base upon which sol in ioiirol nitrocellulose and cam phor con tin nous' y upon tftewe are coaled. a rotating drum. A., die drum uinis. the solvent iir-ed in The; experimental work, like dl other development nuking the solution is evaporated and a sheer of celluloid ^Vurk uiuL-r wav ar char rime, was lempotanhc suspended remains on rhe wheel. This sheet, before rhe drum makes on rhe out I*1 euk ut the svar .u d was m n resumed u j ii d the a complete re\elution, is .sufficient!v drv ar.d tough t> dose of the war. From then on, exocnmeiud work made permit of -tripping and is removed trom idle drum as a rapid progress through laboratory and semi wi-rks ,[agL-s continuous endlcw sheet. differ hirtlier drying, this sheet Urir i 1 the prc.-eni* factors' for the manufacture of aim was i>. wound up m large rob-, which then go to a evening dc-.sgued and constructed in wji* and tyxe. Active proJuc- Jiiachine. Oti this mackine t.he roll is unwound ami 5,nr Ivpir in \ yi-^ouid m r aig the da Pont 1 .invip.mv and the sheet is cornu! with a comimioio I aver of a silver Pathe I-xch.ingc organized jointly j rev company which ;:Cc|t;iivd 1 he film niumil'acturan; racibncs a;ic which lias knee ad rni ni stored ibis hr inch of the dm Pont ( t mipaiv \ (cri vii jes, A h hough t he lllm industry is one of the youngest oJ die du Pont Com pane's ventures. -is development has been remarkable becausCg contrary to the uoul polio sn recent rears, rhe industry was not started by the purchase of a plant al ready in production or by the acquisition of com pi e te d et a i I s of plant and nroccssfrom another manufacturer. The proc esses and machinery were developed entirely luliile gcUilin emulsion. Frum the Coating machine, the him pas-e- info drving chamber-, where it w dined aiii.l rewound. This co.-tcd ml is ther sb: into narrow widths, one and three -eighth inches wide, rhe standard width of professional nuuioii piuare nlu:. The aarunv 1 oils then pa ss to machine's which punch small pert orations on each edge of the Jilin to fir the .-pfoeketa ol motion ptciurecum eras and jsrojecrors. The fiJ in in narrow roll form is then inspected and packed in light-proof containers. Opera dons from emulsion coaling rm are conducted in vafark rooms," where onlv a faint red light is perm i lied;;*! so. al I operations including .he casting oi film ate conducted- in rooms kept scrupulously clean, for even the snudlem particle of dust, on the him max* injure cIk emulsion ur may be magnified to a targe -pot on : lie pro lection screen. At t hv present time the company is producing three rypc.s of him: poo rive, o i:r hoc h von 1 a t i c 11 eg- r i vc and pan hv the company *s own chromatic negative. The actual picture, in the stedro <*r technical staff. Tt was nurdoors, is. of course, registcrcci also remarkable because cj ii uegalive 151m exposed in the of the rapidity with motion picture cameras. The ex which difficulties posed negative is sent to rhe l iu- miUin'i pa-sur 1'h.. < i > e he fiy> -m c- v .; b<\i>ni* t itu i.ifu n -.1 t`*a : *n and ihc ilniiriaCc :ins %-/'/(* D'lA PONT, ftat/aiziru? I d'orarorv where r l --. cewioocd in comnuious dcselop- i 4^ leadlines or in so-called r;t;' k dc\ dupiuciit. I lie 'L</!U> C-C- 'no i.': M'.LlUOlu ai'C then lUllI:'1. S-ltcd hv -.pilung :r0:) one :.!joino-no! hmi roils, Cities Kune uudcd. f ia u a rK.-e .i no-hive s printed n a conr n;o;i-, pnr-ing :n..ci: a ic. ! dwcbuvd ; J, after . U--pCC r u 'i f Oi* '-! J ccr i*. re.. T U -i" or. ywren Theme t %>] -a; x` .i!v p-ixiuc; of he dicnocul ;iJu>trv whrrh * sj.iv i nuehes i he mind-:md acti'-i.ie.--ol nui'iktfid = ; h o ii.iio and wcnc-.i wa* s :r- the muUon picture hi m. Jn bn: rK-au-r i: i;;w been-tic a medium for braumtw exp-rc-J |hi ; j J ic 0i; Vi 14i J l ! I i:st < >j J he : r'i I I 11.1 f V sTAgC . woe i-l* the wide some o!' u - -w u w c s k inforprem arid mixes u\or;-. . loi characu.r- o; Crama. ij l u o h and ln.v O'-'v w : for portico ing ' i onIh all th.it is he-f in !iio.iiui':; sr n-. m: wirea wed. It appeaI> U) rile iMiiciurc as \ve i a -.la ihe eenc.ucd hi unoUKT held, ( he recording ,b riinri! ewet's, n su ppIeJiicnr - i u d.rh .lew ---pa per by iodnoiiii: i\> e-erv comnuirurv hv:ng pict'erc- oj occur rence- ,b : uwr ih:. w.r. :J. In i he !.,sn o- i.j w - :xd i: ha- beco rerbap- du: siio-a -h .werhai eiuyaCnonaj oiree ; i lOv'.'ii '-.'ear., Jre.vd Ha- aLwav- been can .iJev.! edu- * .irtonai, and trawl wiih the new- wd, u htcli is not hnmaJ to U:e- ir::\clcr\ puoc. :i nd '.vh ion 1111 lion-. il people copoo ,.Ln'\\ ccroiinlv has io h:'o.iecn:npr erect. \s an calnc.o'ioiu J ire^hum nu>\ ion picaure r11j n is also phtvu'ii' an inei'easin^h irnpof inint pan. in schools and colicixs, and so.ne *>i the larger cities rioa- fiavi: >u calk'd Jcpj n mcsU - oJ s i -ei a I edamaon. Jn m.uiv branches Ol hndoo'o diemiare, ph\'-jcs, iiaroncmno cthindoin- a-.u' padiojiocn', nnifuisi j seen: c iidn n used cucuovch r <* rccor.! plic-nofiicfia. hi enp marring, arc hi rrcnire, immrf.icanai-p iiai-ii.a'nc- and In other applied sciences, records arc made ol macliirc morion, of progress in ctfnsLniCiii)!. t r ; h unipUL- pn * j c c s s c s , and such records arc kepi ior siuelv a medium ior icaordinp vari-hinp wild file, the hah:!'-, an..! k':i'f,)f'. ijJ rasi -ij i suppean rrp pnmiiivc races, or the r.-oaliv -cli.inpinm .npect--. of our present civiliz.irion. flic h\:u i-: in pr.:at v.i ae. Jr. fhe practice or mcvliehie irs use for reciird in a special phenorriena or rhe ['ru^ress of disease is Ivcomi:ip Jary mure i nporiani. Mauiou picture i.fni is luidinp kirpe acids of usefulness in avi'CLrii'Uier, m -aJetv campaigns, in office work, aoc Imalh', in the e\'erv-d;tv lire oj rhe hemic, in record in y eves;t% .n cue lae, ol eliinhei , oi in anni vers.n ies, weddniys. Ush.my trip.-,, vacaiaor: davs, schotil nr college sporr-.. I i ardertalsKi^ it.- muautact'urc the du Po j :i ('.omp.irrc h.n therefore entered j Held which should mil onk afiird i perm;--non t nut let for cellulose product'-., hut one which touches practically every side of human life. CELLOPHANE--A SALES HELP L-. ol rile du Pom hompanv s acn vme*. in rayon inunafaet-are. i! -- ir.-rere-t in the development of (iello- pli.i ne was u mu L ra I one, since die lauer o made I rum the eiiic \\--.>ci.] jsj:|p UjSi- .is nvon, hut in -heet h.rm :n.-;!'ead of n: x I reads. C.c! he"-iiane i-. rie -park b-ip. i ra n .'i.iivnr niarena I -o iifien -ecu a, the wrap on candy boxes and on rianv other ardcle-.. li: i> m:eic fomi wood j^Liip hv a --cries of into'estf!':C ciieniu.aj opera!iorn, ivtiidi ha\-e hevi di-scrihri- in I'revioio mimbcrsul ibis map.aziite, k-e!h),''hane wa' iir.si made in krauicc ir pick n:d was exported to rhrs coirrurv iirsni aji;. when rhe du Pour !>r.yiii!>:aii<m -ecured ike Amenean nyhf--. to its juanufacti;--ca;K- built a plant ai Btilialo, Nc*w \ ork. Tlli.s wrapinnyin aerial. ijripinalJs used on camh boxes. [pi- since been adopted tor use in a score ut other impnari'.iiu' ind ii -.tries, and tod a v (..ello- r-lmim ma v he jourtd as the '.vrap ' ...a ' ' on dried and -moked iriais baked ye-od.-, dried Iran, driiy>, --j.tp-. ]\riuire . w>:t le-- and n.ifsoo . Cellophane h. s esven to :he.se product--- mam mipnHTant ad- ointaye-.. To food u h h s n has hrouyhi oac hundred per cent trail - p.mme- roruh: nee v.nli comtsfece rruta'iiai:. It perniir-- t ie ao:;-ew:k re? rc.t. 1 \ -:ee wfi.o --he fstiys, and enables merchant % m display food on open coutucrs with out fcai' of eoj'r.nni nuion fnmi dust or ixernis. TopitKl nets odtet tlian foods lulls, Cciltjphane lias added like Yin ties. Articles wrapped in it arc protected j mm dust ,m.! bandlim.r and reach the consumer a-, clean a--, when thee .eit the niaher-" hand-. Shopwear, whidi is one of rlu- reraih-rk yrrarest pmblnrs, is cI i m i n ared , and thousan d s of dollaiw re ore-.cm ed in merchandise xoifaye losses are uvcil cadi week. Became oj the nature of the raw materials used in its inaiiupLcnire. Cellophane is uoeoluleh' odorless, a- well a- prooi apaiiist odor-. Furtlicrmom\ it is /fte.se-pnjof. tnil-proof, yas-riylu and has many ocher imerestiuy characten aacc In addition ro the advantages of i lie ong inal product, the I >ii Pour Cdloph.-me (..".ompany's clienileal rescirch division has evolved a process Jor making CeHoph.inc aA.ulnidv moisture-proof. This desirable pro-pen s' enable- 111.1 iralacmrer.s of pa-1 lies and of her food' in :.'iiiriiig ixoAuuKi iixtni inoi-tufL to market them in pack ige- and yet keep rhem fresh indefmitdv. dlic qcali-w mu'e wiiich rhu-. clear, ' parkliny material Icm.Is to a i'a'oduc has been i nsrctuncnral in die adopi ion of deliophanc on hundred- of important articles--tile leader-, in their Jidd.s. To die boring- public, if. has .dseheCi.jme a hiring svmholaufuahry ;*! rhe product i t protects. vfe Did ra'Srr.flaga-ziru THE HIGH PRESSURE INDUSTRY Ammwa.i production In the xyuthettc /net hod /s' n-h/f/rvlj' ft:w in thi.< country. Hen* ./re xoutv ji/i't.v jhout ibe hmciSs' .n/J fhc nxvx of the finished product OT >,<"> manv rear- ago a pre-ware />) \ . \\ \ r i>i:s; m r <\ slue to the fact: rhat ihcv rake on, ro ' oi iso pounds per square inch /v. xv^s considered high: in fact. ihc '.ched- of dimensions lor "extra heavy" pipe ikdngs w;m ior ;.= --r./ a certain extent, the characteristics of liquids. f-or example, the nitmgeit- hvdrogcii mixrure used hi ammonia synthesis is, at a pres Working pressures of >U:am up lo Lio pounds, Probable sure of i pounds per square inch, ore-:bird a., dense f!ic kr-.t work on ga-es at high procure wa* the compres- m- water. I'ndcr such conditions. It is much easier to trans s|oii of air lo approximate!v i >.a> pounds per square inch fer heat from one ponton ot a gas vircam to another, ;m is forair locomoti vestal though pressures a m*dderuh!v higher requires! ar almost every step ;n a chemical operation. ihan this were in use for so-called hydraulic work where Gases also react more cusilv with each orher whc j i rhe |--resvC;s vvcrc uperuted by water ur oil under high pressure. various molecules are forced In h.gh pressure into closer Pressures of 1000 pounds arc now occasional] vcncou.ncicd contact. As a further advantage, the apparatus required U1 s!oun work, especially in large eenreal .stations. to conduct' a given rcv.cboii is .mini' let, the higher the pres 1 he hist extended use ol gas eompressed io wlt.u can H{>'v he an.-odereJ an approach to high presumes was the ^lanuiacturc m Germane of wnthenc animonia hv the hiaber process, wh ieh operates at a pressure of porn pounds butx-. kor cx.a pie, a certain ihnv .4 gas at atmospheric pressure requires a pipe ten inches in diameter, whereas ar is,pn nh per square inch a pipe wok an interna I diameter ol thrce-eighrh* of an inch is quite suilicicnt. Put square mob. ills: rosea reh work of Georges Claude, l]lc I*renth 'nventnr. and its reduction to practice in the fdhmJ(j syuthcric ammonia process. idvanccd the work All ot these advantage:- are particularly appHcaHe ro synthesis reactions, through which a compound is built upi'von: its cou-ti tuents. Fherc i> ihus placed m the fiauds in" pressure to i s, o poundpmh.ihl v the highest pre-- ot the chemical industr\ a ne-w tool. :he dewlopniejit s-irc at which ga.s is handled in commercial Use at the of whief? promises ro be -of tar re.ichinv importance to l^e.scm nme. fixperimenu on verr high pressures tor industry and to j t j an kind. In i iw i urure this work will Wuwr have been curried to mar u .t j .o -.o pounds per square midouhrcdiv c m II i-:>r prcs-urc-- far bevond those corisi-icrcd inch, hut such pressures are far more e.oalv ohraavihfo extremely high tndav. M.cli pres-ures, however, will liquid., than with gases. require a great de.il of development work to owicume hunsidering now the n.se of extreme!v high pressures fur : lie many mec hair cal dibmuhacs iiwohcd. ' Hi the clicmica! indu-n v. ii is apparent at once :h:u tnc higher the pressure, the greater the mechanical JitlV Cal; ics.^.s ihecoiisimciioa materiaUare mi t until vstrained The du Puni Cumpam has {teen quite alive to the pio- sihiliries of high-pressure ss-nrhtrsis, and throiigh its par acqxiiion in Larcreg fnci)rporated, is making ammonia c a very much higher point. Howe-.cr. decided benches and meth.innl, and i^developing high-pressure Technique arc derived fmm working with gusex at high pressures, which may he ap;die:l lo many processes in the lurure. 43 w/hc VJ'1.7 F-' OPTIC. tiarftt u/ no In rhc nun.ij.ictiin.: i-j ammonia. water-pa : G produced, m -.vnKii c ma! ! m-eb to break down '.warn. corn p: cc :oJr.>j o J '11k uw eei; v. i: ii ! !k v.iroi n d c :k F e* to k c Face l .U'K m dioxide and cmCm muris>\[J<- lea t ha' invm'jrn .k ;'ir pri uri pa Ic. m : inr i: >! lit I fin In doiren i -- ik x t wp noted r'r: '''i -'he v:,;rhe redm/ir:' rhe rvmpu'aHire of iIk ya-> i -` n.-'-':n-Ksi:n.:tciv ; I-elnw Zero, Fahrenheit, i i. '. icy r:'.u.: u.bU .si: ; e, p r : cent-- except : he hve.ro- which - draw:: >->n ;i - .l u.o-. \ p o u t io .i of f j c Lvdiw- tie:: i. CKO blLl'IIcd ill Hi l\ rcinO\il1y iVl >H i it }t\ o\yyen, .in .1 crodecruy ;i w;\Uirc uj :i r. i^rl arid the nitrogen i'ro'M c-ie .toy s'Ckh G inch MbHc U*r the p-nduaiwii ;:; ; ; i1; ;.. . i- i-t-: cuwv-t ;;k c . w c o w r h.ir acum >r:i:s. composed it , -'!rr\KX:!! and InxirKMi, c.:flv inadc loan r.iw mate ri.il-. which me niexhxusnhk'. In the n.iiuiLicfurc oi asm:-* mat a t die 1 ..n-.olc eLuil. iei!' lkrlk:. M ev.i \ irymiJ. in Jr.i G. it: the I.k l a; ak u. oh;ci?xd iron! \v l (u ' in ihv Kanawha R j e*'. ui.d ; nh- a ir..c;. nm oi o d l 1 per ce-i i or the p.ipr hew my ic rde r *.vv K c-cF Nitrogen K J S'- Kll the .LIT. The jd.UU < H'Ci'.i r i: * k at i'prc-ei:* capacirv oi p Pins ,i -d; r omfd he supp]kd with ic> niim- ;Mi r!'e .ijr uwr die p'.mr --ire iyp.lv fur .i period o- a "-i'r! i:u: e 1 *. --i \ Kf-.`re :r. \\'0!:ld he ixui-nn to apof: s Ik .or over -wu ;.r?]K,r11:-nr proper:v. |[ inu.d iut he eon-OKed. li-m uxr. n a? all iliac: i- requcreJ lo make :n;i.i ;--- a lode ev.iier and .umu of 1 he surroundnip a:r. \ amounc of cqui]^:iK-!ii red for carniru; :i ; !k' *i:iiei!c pi: \C--c- : o wl * cd . a - w id a s lain -r. prnver. and t -k eni|e<}v iiiuit: of a -.pee cal ca fa lop v\ ]j h :U is iieexv- sarv Uj cacoe rhe react?on between the unropen and h v.h"oec:i to form unimonai. I he .tUHinmia proeiaCed hv f,.tzoie. Inc., i-- o le of the principal r.uv matenaI - used m pkmr- of the du hoar (.orip.mv. lr is essentia! in the mamnacnire of nitraie ni iUiurumia `nr cx'da-ovo. and a larpc .i'-c ts jniw develop- jnp m dm- -.naiKif.ieciirc of lotrje acid, where if i< ra|'ndf^' replacii.u nitrate of -soda, which ha-, been die prii'C:p-d V:\\\- nuicna- ior manufacture. <.>t nunc a^. i.l oi die pa- r. Him ratlin a very ktrpc Jeimmd tor an niemin in idle pen era caennea. iekl, in nedo ion t n ; t s common use in reJng eiaau-p in.abi-Ks. <!>sirihui ;:.ri lor wdrvh is han-JJed hv an as mu j i ed c.nnpjrn-. the \hu ioaal Ammonia Com pane. file hui'e-^ me of anunoma. oj com -ec i = j .i tern ij/ets, in supply the ttecc-orrv niirope?: to rhe mil. In Furopean con a tries, parricularly Germany, hope arnoiinLs id' pvi- dieiie unuiioma In id t heir wav rnto icn lli/.er nanufac- tt:ie\ hui m-.c Ins nor starred, to anv ap.pivd; hic e.\is.uc, in ihi-> comitrv. a-, American rcti jireireni's are <.|uiie wed taken care of hw ammonm securwl from fw - j'foduct ccjkeov cn:. Th c v! e w 1 u u! i le ii t of salcsof feruliaer on a htme scale tr ilo-, cownrry, howexcr, will utukntbr cdlv cad upon the s) n: lieidc ainniunia mam J u i urei' lor l.irp aouioo of Imrnonia n t'-e future. 1c will he : eei j , therefore, that rbe du Pont Com pane i > not on I e enyayed m ilie commeivia I high pixssure asm- d'K-rie held, bin isalso carrying: on ac lea-t its share <d" rhe research work which C beiny done all over rhe world o-n rhiimnorr.ru advance m rhe ehemiLa; lieJu. OTHER DU PONT INTERESTS a u limitations :o r h: numher pre-:ln-ie the pos-a- hd:i-- of,. J.e?a-ded de-.crrraiun n\ all the iudiu.tries and wum-eHs <a tile dii Pont Conipam. The principal u c' ot ii- *.i*. par? incut u s veil a- dio-.c of :-T>mc of eh-id rare and abduied conij-'anies are n me: bed upen Pfisidv In the recaed up: pa'-.es. i"he thtn pht lias been to p-\: he render a? Lea*7. :i rej'-rc-u nr.i n o p^icturc oi the ue - hroiche- ;! da- Ci-inc-s. ;sj;J T Lie I r i i: f: 1; 1.i i e I'e j .i r l < Hi - i i j"- Oi*-e Ti tiH: udiet j Ni r f i C i;! a i Is iSou-e mamitat- np ponducts iii wlueli rhe reader ix. ecu i ii!\ i-iu.re--ted a-, a conso m i on -.a iaer hi:-, be: u k u u c o ! die . t v .aua.i taw a-, a wh-o'e woedd he i'l'.onijdete were a:!.--;; h ;j:- fraud ^/weal other ory:H.d/ark>rs w:t fi idi i lie du Poiii ( o !ip:.-a :idciuihed in one way or :her. Some of the-e coin pan ii:-. prcKiuee raw naitertah-i '.vlui'li arc ii-ad n: Oi P. eu u>.!a-rr:e.. .are .o -u:nc car cut At s Apau: diete a:e si:b-ud.:iv\ and aJldmfed cam - j\ii>!e*. i loir opeT.Ha: on -peidal ttekh*: and in local sections .a idn.s coijurre am] C.-cwhere. Still oi ho's ; rc sales, e;r-:- see h'ddTu'r t'omwussit - f lu-r name's jre in friu-st ca^rs descnp: i \'e c :i r lie dne< of hi.>incsv or lunctson--use . An?orye rhe-e mav lx enanierared the fokow iipp \ l. du Poir de Nemours ( uimp-anr of Pvnnsx I \ un;u 'm.muj'acturcs black powa.Cr for me in rhe anrhracioJiekl V merican N i rrtjyeu ( ornpaii v . I.td ; P iei tic Nitroyeu Corporation; Ihiciic \iiinmnia and Chemical Omtj t i j i v ; Du Pom \r-mi imj 1 IniriiMiira (.ompanv; N.monai Armnunia i.'unpam. , Tne.; The Cede i ic (.nrpora t ton . raanufactures tivrox- \ Jin produces u*ed in the rnanufactitrc of shoes ami shoe linings); Eastern A kohof Corpora! ion; Du Foot Nitrate (.onijunv; Com pan hi Mexicsoa tie laisHo.-a \ o-., y. , \ , and the Coinpajiia Sud-Amertrana de F\'p1os?\-os_ Asiikt from these com panic's which are main] v associ aled with the du Pour C.omprmv'v i heuiit al mamdael tn`- ing organization, die re arc others in which die company o irateIV UeJ <1.^ :i sruckhiulder. HiK.rhlv the- General Motors (.orp.jrat ion. The du Pont Company has been a shareholder in rime corporation ronrirninnslr since early in iyieh and c ?h !,o owns the ctjtiivaleni of i.TV-4^ shares of its common smirk. 44 <?/?,-> t it ' RESUME OF BLACK POWDER HISTORY nearly Ml rhe black powder used for Kawlng ir: this country has been nude from "(dole saltpetre," .is sodium r]-l'oiiL- m called. lli:s was imdouhledi v ::hc greatest acvaiia: in the economic development oi the md ware, ^cxnuisc the '-npplv of till'- MiKuture as con pared with the grenten demand for ir has always rmunnimcd a cost f< ai least, one-half tliai of iota ss turn niton cot sail petsc hen one Hi inks, of the railroads built, with their atruud.ni: minds, of the co:J inir.es developed and open Hl<?d, of the kind cleared end the kighwuv> amsrraetch C'vcn prior tu the ad%uii oi* Idyll explosives, one certainly IV1I1 tu)t hefiltier the important part good nisi black pow der has phned in the nation's development, apart from ir' eiiterp-ria*>, It has been estimated that from Ss iu :y, percent of .ill the nai ion's produrfmn of bhek Powder has pone to commercial Irakis tor constructive development. T he tremendous advance in the use of high explosives, t-spcc'.u]ly rhe penrhs-sihles, which have been devised to promote Miletv in y.iscom- coal mines, him done much to dmin.Kh the ime o; black pmvdcr in the peaceful art>. But a [ , uni vernal v admit ted Hut no high cxplo.-ivc will prdl'" ('a;: 1 so economical* v or in so sai isfactorv a man ner as will black Ida'.tiny powder. Becauw or its delta "fating nature and its cumrarat jydv slow and progressive cunihllhLu3TK ii iloes not shatter I he coal. While im use in '*his iniJli.sirr alone fum greatlv dnninbihcd during Hie P`Cm fwetilv veur*., about >,.x>o, cur keys or lyuou.yooa Pounds a \e.ir are still employed. ^ ubisi the past two rears, the da Pont Company has introduced its use in Wrick" or ' cartridge" form. This is called pellet powder and rhe cartnuges, conforming to the varvmg du.meters vi Jvnamue, are built up or lour pel lei m cadi ewe mdlCu kuig. Similar pellet;, have been in ik c m Europe for nanv wars but the du Font Coin pa nv was ihe hrst to inrmdncr them in America The Fairopean pellets arc indhiduu ]y wrapped and are nettle hum sah pet re powder. while tboc1 manuiaci ured hr the du Pont Compane are nu.de from sodium nuraie black bl.uainp powder. The acceptance id this i m provcriuru by rhe t:rude has been beyond our original conception, ir has manv points of advantage over rhe old granular form, such a< increased safety in handling, greater economy to rhe operator because of i loxased pivvlncf run of mere ha arable cord and decreased cost to the muter. The company ha.-, two nuuiufaciurim* imnw each ol ' a, v:e> politics da d v prod no:Ion already in operatjotu and k now building several additional units to meet the increasing demand Whatever mav he the reader's attitude of mil d as ro the importance of black powder among the numv diver spied producm of rhe du bunt. Company, he must ahvuvs remember that it was upon die linn inundation of black powder that tins great im imirial structure was reared. Admitting its Jecreascd importance as a incur in ihe development of the peaceful arcs by reason of its displace ment hr high explos ves, may we not hope that this new de`- elopmem pel let powder will, at least siahtlk'c black bhwting jxwvder'x present position and that \vc shall not: vet have to sing its "'swan-song' in this realm i:! its use fulness. 45 ^7/ie IMJ PONT-fcrfazi?? OLD BLACK POWDER DAYS u-ed lor h.H-hug raw rvu.icrinK j ii*.l - ipp)aw from our -torchou-cs :i Y hmiugtoi:-, from die da Amt 1ai urn on :hc \\bmmgi:uii and Yurt hem Radroau and irant uur MTdlc-d'Oiu *a ! j ,i i i on -he ('Jjr. iM'.i.uiA C . eM. just hduw W ! ]2Itj! t f|, I hew o w ere J aLo hauled tin: ui idled product lei the mi Ir* 'aid AaHon a: Momci-.tniri. to fin; Delaware R i wr ]"cr, com monk* k:!i!?,'n - Micl ipor, nr hack r<> the Nk-BJIe-.huro wh.nd for fivru-ai'.iing. The powJc a-wd at icarhv points w;i:-, delivered direct, the wagniw going as far .is I.,!!ic.i>.ter, (.o;-.srrdv.i, Norn>.unvr. j :J Reading* all : 12 Penn - v Ivani.L. Ihnsiing |--uVv'ck,r at 5 me tune was tearned Tout the Bran,Inviie MiIs*. ro t>??re I Harbor, ILnnwl vania, dong i fie Su--quduu:iu River, where Lite railroad he- nvurn l hirad.u;rg and Perry, itk\ Maryland, was netng eon '-i meted. Must. ,;I ] nr u-nr onwaU r ror the V\ e - ? < ,aa-.t t *.u!c was moved h i the old liv, [roif: the Delaware River. Some tsnu.'s u: wa-, hgtrered In New York. serif arm.nd (Tipe T-ornunJ, si all w j ih wdi, a would am \ e :n San Prancisco Pav about iln/ce mouths ;Uvcr leaving \Yiimiugion, J\m- her for r>.jr Lake Supc-nor miumir district rnnlc \v;h also iVi UHiUccnrcd cm rhe Br.irdvwmc, 1 re marker r.nc brand vd; "Srarr tv C " a -,ih:petrc tirade nr blasting pow der. k: w.i - huaced New York, thence hv canal and the is-e.it J .akea iu Kagle River, Hough ton. or some ocher porn-tun J .aim Supc-riiir \\Y al--o shippr-d -emdarly [ouur two ayrcics m \ a!r-ar-o--o. Choc, oic ot them being Graham II owe and r hi: other I Loam and Tempt on, These in:-u-e.-. --.old con n.k-rarde jsiwao" for u- nd bought and >ki pped in cis carg'.n/s s:i urn'nLc of soda. During the veaiv. 1 have been a.-^aciare-:: with thedu Pont {.ornpanv, nuiiia ua.-. nk.;L!i!.^ have bee i indeJihh im pressed on my ute.morr M:nv of them serve ;o recall C-xample-,of whole-lieaiTC-d coopera [ion ur. the parr ui rhe c aWu Iiv o , ijf Lie ciungrrw fj ? the oRl caw, when ihe Braiuh wtue MdT made practically al! the du Pont powder, company cxcciiii ves worked right with the men, a peioona] rdaliondii p [.hat toda y 0,nr course, :n jxissihle, with the treiuendotmorganization now represented hv the du Pom oval and i ie ever-increasing demands, made upon evecurivtw p.y <jther dunes. I remember Heim du Pont corning into lire <>!hce <me morimig in the spring of ?S.S^ or iS^_p with a jovial smile on hi.-, face, and describing to me an event of the evening before, which probably resulted in preserving for future.: iirmratu ms rise; ftrw du Poir pmvih r mtlf. Ir appears tliar about nine o'clock, in rhe evening, Mr, tin Pont heard a continuous "inging or \vhtsi ling sound coming in mi the works, indicating to him dial all was not right along the powder line. The on;v mills in opera tion m tile l'pjx*r Yard that right were rhe glazing mills. It did not lake the General more than a moment tu make up his mind to investigate. He procured his little square Jan tern with its tallow dip and quick Iv made li is way from In - home overlooking the mills to the l 'pper [banks, a village uearbr. In a Lsv mimics lie found Thomas Kane, foreman of. flic Upper Yard. M ith the aid of the lantern thev began their search, rhe sound directing them to the Eagle glaz ing mill, near tlie dan: breast. There rhev louiul that the main dialr. where it entered the mill, had become over healed am! linn an explosion mighi be expected abany moment. The mill was immediatcfv sto|qied. The shall, to use Mr. du Poj?rN cx|>rew:on, was "red hoi and sparks were coming from ir. " However, .Mr. du Pont, aKvav- reuourcerul, quickbnnighi. into use his high silk hat. Af.cr carrying several hrirfuls ol water irom rhe ncarb^' creek a!id ]'louring i hem over die hoi shaft > i he danger of an explosion was averted, cwervihing was again serene, and the two men. president and card foreman, turned away together and went to .heir respective homes, : I'.unus'b Mm:, / l-;s /. ,*/ . /.t o ,/ ui! ;:U s >r, Afj, hi// ..7;//; i;Jii tis\ r '-! du P.vv/ bLt.'K p'iu d-:r /u u j u /'u :*:tr?. f ig t"i <n}`/ itrh r u`?t t a f` f ?ar nt si vu v try*/r/// nt****t?--r. j -7/io 171" PONT, iiaau ino EMPLOYE-EMPLOYER RELATIONS i s/m ey oj osi/ijhon f-ohcw,< tor u/rrj/ini on the snmr rurJ/nl nh/r/ons Inf treat niai amt tnnnn^at/ait that r.wrlal or nr n enn/ny azo HI e-rabli:Jnrum and in.nntenauce Ot^-J '.incei'c nnirual imereti un ihe Ih W i.i.iAM B. I~usTi:t c mahlidimeiir of rlic business. Regular holiday were Irequer.dy celebrated m p;in o\ auplo\c anJ efnpwjvw is j fan- . dumental requirement oi progress in any industrial orgamzat ion. f lit pn ncipie lew been recognized ,, ._d ~ . i ide rn.m.icr. v !n.c (..raiam.-L, w,is :uu a 11 v enlivened hv rlic d ism ha non oi -xib>aam:;tl tokens helming, the season. Emplnviiienr ami h i outstanding industries for many rears, h ihcdn Ftirir C.nmp.nn it has been applied praaieulh horn rlic incep oeneral personnel problem-; were nor didiculr to solve when die indusCrv was relauvclv .snt.il!. When employes tion of i he business. I hat the emplovcs hare been faith- became old or phvdc.iIIv nicapiurifatcd, a personal knowl hd to ihcir trust is reflected be the edge oi material cond-t ton-, provided eminent tv successful progress of t fie: company. . the medium for adjustment eirher in ihc line of modified duties or in such (t is not so c;is\ u> determine how 1 he comp,iny, the t. ir.plo\ er, lias nut in- Ltd as later came ro be provided for in. pension plans. tained its bargain because of the vari Hie past cuarrer-cenmry lias wit- ous and scan ereJ cini.e'iracter oi u> influences. bo ir seems in oorrddee:r to iscerratj) what accompli Jnm nr ^ haw ne-.-ed a change in the methods of furrfwring indtisfnal relations in the Ju Pour C.iurpnnv. This change was ;>CC1J nude, and to acquire a better understanding of the motives and purposes under! vmg die m) called Industrial Kd a lions Plans. Symbols of Service Every ciu Pom employe rmiy earn the right to wear it service pin. It is a badge of distinction. bmuglii ahour primarily by the fact that a number of small industries de veloped into a relatively large corporaiion with many varied interests. Approximatdv the lirsi cenuirv of die companv's existence s\ a: marked hv shu\ Inn. soimd development of die husaiev.. (he character of ir-. operadons ami rlic demand for iis products Called iora ndam el v -anal! in v c s i.iih :it and a pruportionaieh miu iI operating htrce. ( nder t hcse ciridElH*uowner ship and management were centered *n a fen* individuals who could anti did maintain intimate personal con k plain green gold pin bearing the du Pont nvnI is awarded for !>vc years' service; for ten years' service the award is a pin with one gold star; for fifteen years' service, a pin with two gold stars, and for twenty years' service, a pin with three gold stars. The coveted twenty-five % ear pin shown here is of white gold, set with four diamonds. It becomes the employe's property. i The attendant need for enlarged capiia] in vestment and iuo eased Mipcrvisioii h:\>ughr about a condition where inj \v the term "ctuplovcr" rcaliv rep resents a amiposite oi a ia;`gc number til vLockhohavr-t.^wncrs .uiJ an nivideed managing organization, wliiLtho term *`cmp(<nc" represenL- many thousands oi skilled and unskilled prod tiCvi's in piantsfromcoast tocoast. Inti mare peraamal contact.-, are m> tacts with flic workers. In fact, thev hved in homes provided by the rnmpanv at nominal rent longer feasible or even possible, ye! ir w ivrhac's more i lan ever essennal in mainrasn em- ab and tit close proxamirv to each other. plove-emplover ivlanoris at lease in coaracter \viib those h> the dai v operations of die mild, saferv was u prune which previouslv ceisted. Wdrh :his purpose m mind, Consideration. Owners .aid operators shared equal!v the plan-, and policies have been adopted bv the corporation hazards of ptm derma king. Indeed. ir w;o :.n c.triv rule Porn rune to time as normal developments indicated their that my new building or operation should be put ima iasiihcatioii. A bneJ out line oi ^ome oi them wall indi service by the u w is c t n ihsiiisches lo insure, so far ,w j h j s - cate the iesciishhmcc to iu? mu polic;cs, with die addirion Miale, that no error in construction or other oversight t:j new ideas intended In cnnmhiMe ro the general aims. would needlessly expu-e employes ro extra wizard. When Fur the well being of emploves. fac:lilies luvi* heeu an occasional accident invoiced injure or death to cm p-ro\ ided for medical exaimnur ions it .1 i real nvnrs, am! ploycss it was standard practice to supple the best avail ivcommendaiicms arc made to ir-sure the assignment oi able medical and surgical aid in the case of iivnrics; suitable individuals to tasks (or which, ihev rc phv<ica:F.- fined. care ol the dead, and sympathetic persona anil material Safeiv is a anisiaut objeaive. individual operators arc assistance to dependents. j.i-n'ucted in the hazards of their work, am! engineering Social activities of thow times were frequent!v erroved b) employes and employer.-, ;j h ke. i he-eoccasional! v rsiok the form of anniversary picnics, notable among these be ing the celebration of the hundredth anowetsarv ol the ingen mu is taxed to devise proper and, sure apparatus urn! appliances. (.Tie unit oi the organization concent -at re ir-. efihrrs continual!}1 on accident prevention and on the mechanical means for s:il.egitardmg emplinvs Rrspnmi- 47  -7/ic DLT POISTA ft api t c: im ? h- ii;v tor i he pw 'per care * inn.red '-vnrbcr-, j iairh well l.1 :e plan i* a been its ell ect uhouc eiphl v ears, din'iii.e winch Lt wed h-' law in the -w-eral m,u c >, The conpcmv has there li.oe been paid 7,0) claims aimumriup so ,9^0. - hec?2 gi. to wwiorm reawmaole lega-ianon nf .V.T;n .-l/;ya//o/f . To supplement die pre>ap ibi u! 1 ar, c;cra: i 1, i udecc, :ocxcoed i he strict fegnI iw.j uire- !u>afanee plan, fhi-; one comprises an arivmpcmcnt nuww hv the prcviuou nl n.--.i;ic;u jncdu'jl -wris. iir-.i- wher.-lw emplo\x's mav :ipp-[v lor addirion.-r matraicc ,iiJ ho--.pi 1.1U ;h h : J?her:i! im.uicnd ;in!. ;:r sr.ind.--rd rates, regardless of occupa 1 jem and U'-tnlly Thecnwmwbis 'He.-| j huge perevn j.;i ire of cm plot es o. with inl\" a dmpte form nl medical examinat ton. Pre a- i\v dm crwuicT to cm ~u!ecu hie ex Win, the incrc-ised mium p.aeiiieJim .re arranged Jor bv ironrhK- beduci i adddm ve:i;ch the non!!.:! growth of the awoirv pro fruiri or sukrv. Thi.- plan has been in cficei slirpuh' vide-.. m.wher a! the earnp.mv\ac mure :di:ri one and u naif 'rears. p- n . :r c-, hnw, \wr. rvowrc wore or Las pre-\inardv per cent of the total i -: * j 1 h'C,: In', fa.:--.:; CJ -SK. -- iti- number of cm .doves carry ,078,916 cue-.-m.aa provide lor the conuori- in !n-w;r,mce. .1 We hOi: -LL: g * ' Cinj'liU'O l!il i iliClf A;vrf. fee: :*??;<??!. An opporcunity is a-airiLc- rn callable dwellings. Ihv- ordered under this plan foremploves co eucwh ewire vdiagw- we cM-uhlr-dnsd kvuiiiu sliareludders in the dti Pont e:thcr .U die bcguming of u ilem npera- < 1.>n 1 pmnv. Deluamire stock has been Cii'ii ./v dw-ng ihc norma? coup-e of h v oiferwd ami nails' at approximately mar- dm cb wincra . hi n u c ii \ i I hi no will he her \ a!ue with rl:c privilege of payment s a;;:.d i .a ho.; r hrn-huo-v fur aiimar- h\- lu-e.nis ui a monrhlv deduction Prom *,w 1 cr,;r \C'-. cam;:!:; no. store--., elt;sa nr -edarv, if dehired. Approxi- ilOUbt^ : : ! h :. i W gr. *:* *1- d -'Air- w r ?- m.uelv -7 -. >sh u-e-of stock have been CM U uw i Ax e; I mg ren Oils arc : ja mi .axiirral hv emphn.es in this wavs hufikicnc :u pro- ale ha- nieir proper re- and h* i.i^'.tii'iy-riodse^ aw. rated uh .: worajjv at o *u . Hw 7 hv nr.-: iIm .'V- ncfir-k'' f-ni; 'i.-iir Wi. ini;i t >' "i, -i-I- i-i ,1*11 J ut : .;?nr ;rtl f'l-f'.cjjiij..' iv:n(-u : 1-. i** > if.iV .j ./' r. fink plan is designed for cmpli'H cs who can save only a small urnouec a; a ume and who may need to comwme doc- r-'-'tt aim to profit hvi."n draw on -uch -eu ing- for emergencies^ ;hc-c ;icna!;c\. In uJ-incit ion with, t he Tw-ro-J ?v pruh als u> .K-,ist cmpli)\\:^ in starting a iimd for permanent Icnw un nrg in oivnuloiis. there has bee i main mve-ament. Dcpo-^irs nut be made through deduenons tained .; rihcv o; Iwv berween the nuus end f r<j i;i wages or salarv i rt a imnirir:--. usinal I ,0- ,S j a the mmucement. \i cum: oi the larircr plant- h:i^ hcen rauiil t. hiiereu a: six per cem is paid scmi-anmulh'. er.ad i ,}v-.1 J sv-ce'i' n't ^-ark-. eoun< rl-, 'Il'ic-e prt>\'idc k-.e- !<: <, >. nder 11:!plan p-rovi-don .imule for needed t*.r iT.e repnaa' pcn-ida: Lnn-nder.Liiaa of '.iroh ]' > ihicJiP relief ii] rhe mriii (>1 nuaneia! assi-aauce rn the inllownig la- v.!: j ePiV : t a' _> i :t the u nrl.-~ ill pi ..n :: s >n * he rbsev \ . f'jupli.a e.-. who :1'irou!.;h ? icl-oieo-s or other tone !*.ia !. ;;:;d **eL'iU*d rcjne'Cnaui w, ai the u h i.uu uvcupaiunal eausce became either plivs callv or ' ' 1 ; : 0. i !'. mcrt.ilh H'icapal've oi j-'erJurmin!: tlimr dune-,; . B; eia- 11,- -nrape rite eoa%:.mr hcu^rih^:it ui. r:ie lli* uicuv pjiii'e- win* are miurel cr s{i%ahfsd in the pufunmuice *d - ( ernphavs .aiiic ir<:,m iii<_- imaiucr-aiice i>: their dames hv acc.denr nr t>ccupanonul disease arising epuiudae -v.<pe r.ae* me eoilipum ha*- ndupred the fnl tjyr o; 1 heir work . : (..; .rcnutl ile]Xu*ien:s 0! deceased cm K.nAH'.p iH.h.aei'ia] Reladenp. Plan--: pluve> nl rhe conjp.un who lu.sc their lives in the per P. . litesc .ire dedpnel to :iid cmplnvo who, nfrrr fonrunii'c-oi their dut cs. a rc.aen.dde p-en T e.r -,j.n-r.icfj'irv service, become phvsi- l-digihrlin- fur Class A heneftts is prcdicarcd on llfteen c.jhv or- p'.enaaiv n e.ir-jL'ipne-J. ior iu)nn;i( -JntieN. 111!:: S'ear- or more ui service wiicti: ine.ip.'idtv rcstrhs j hrnu.ilh p: ,i i-'o Je-. *ar .1 the .irteauni ot niiid: no i.nd: or 1 lie eiii|''lo'.'e. Class R and Cdass C benefits is :.kterieincd bv lcEn;i.! ui sera ce jiid rate of pjv ir rhe operate in coCfunaioi; with coinperisatton Liw* hut e;me at retirement. m.iLc iarrher usskrance ptwsihlt-. j.-Kip *tpj'ro.':imai.dv nseno. -three ;/e.na sirce this Hie -.euiii lunal aiuicdimcjit which results irnm con pL*n he - been at cheer. a rora! t>1 ?\i einplove-. ha've beet tinued as-ociaiJtm in a mutual u'-terest tmds expression 111 per i'roiied, pa ; a.e liun:; nr rhe are -eta rime. Pa\ment:-, t:he award oi Ja Pour service pins, which are described are nude from a rc-ervc lu a! which nr prc-.enr contains n more It.lle on die preceding page. roPil o!'SS, it" .mJ is hcin^anpinenred montmlv. In short, rhe Industrial Relations Plans represent (i y : p i r.;fhi plau provriw. lot A k] 11 i C k 1 v tile cl forts of the stockholder-owners to manifest their LiMc inco?i:e n> unriiVL-s' innudie-^ in die eveni of interest in rhe well-being anil nro%prnt'V of a large and !! K!l aa empdwc cr penmoa-'iC *Ji'-ahiiiiv h-doae tile xiuucj'ed group of cmpluvco \\ ith c lo--.e personal eouf act s ap. id av;-\-. Tile ]\dlce reprew-IT- a value of <j =;oc after between exeamvee and other w.nkers no longer po<sihL\ : mil:-- ._r-. ICC, Jill iOCb`e Vw.l." UMtii riicse plans indicate a sincere desire lit maintain 1 he sane ..I .-i $ .. ! - reached .a die cn-i of dvc vcnrT cm pirn - mm muii v ol jriierest that: lias com rim; red so large! v to . Tk: jurn nee e. pro v ided wit \v- nit co-a to ciurhoves. the --.ucc-a-.--. ui the com pane Turing the past 12.-5 war... 48 E. I. d u Po n t d e Ne mo u r s & Co.. In c . General Executive Offices WILMINGTON DELAWARE All hnjuiries Iie^ardinil du Pont Products Should Be Addressed to the Company--the Nearest Offin ACIDS AND HEAVY CHEMICALS Acids, alums and miscellaneous heavy chemical products. Philadelphia, Pa. 35th & Gray's Ferry Rd. Newark, N. J., 256 Vanderpool St. AMMONIA Anhydrous and Aqua Ammonia. Lazote, Incorporated Du Font Bldg., Wilmington, Del. CELLOPHANE Du Pont Cellophane Company, Inc. New York, N. Y., 40 \\ . 40th St. Chicago, 111., Railway Exchange Bldg. Michigan Ave. and Jackson Blvd. San Francisco, Calif. Balfour Bldg., 351 California St. CHEMICAL PRODUCTS Bronze powders, collodion, household cement, leather beltinil cements, Dtico, No. 7 Ditco Polish, No. 7 Auto Top Piiris/i. No. 7 Nickel Polish, pyroxylin lacquers and enamels, split and patent leather solutions and other pyroxylin preparations and solvents. Boston, Mass., Everett Station 49 Chicago. 111., 2100 Elston Ave. Detroit, Mich., General Motors Bldg. Flint, Mich. Pariin, N. J. San Francisco, Calif., 569 Mission St. DYESTUFFS Dyestuffs and dyestuff intermediates. Rubber chemicals and seed disinfectants. Boston, Mass., 274 Franklin St. Charlotte, N. C., 232 W. First St. Chicago, 111., 1114 Union Trust Bldg. New York, N. Y., 8 Thomas St. Philadelphia, Pa., 126 S. Front St. Providence, R. I. 709 Hospital Trust Bldg. San Francisco, Calif., 569 Mission St. Bombay, India, Jacob Sassoon Bldg. Rampart Row, F. O. Box No. 1010 Kobe, Japan No. <SS Nakamachi-I )ori F. (). Box No. 384 Ilankovv, China No. 23 Tung l ing Road Shanghai, China Robert Dollar Bldg. 3 Canton Rd., F. O. Box No. 393 Tientsin, China, 52 Taku Road MOTION PICTURE FILM Positive and Negative. Du Pont-Pa the Film Manufacturing Corp. New York City, 35 West 45th St. EXPLOSIVES Explosivesfor all industrial, agricultural, military and sporting uses. Birmingham, Ala. 601 Brown-Marx Bldg. Boston, Mass., Harvey Building, Chaunccy ec Bedford Sts. Chicago, 111., 1814 McCormick Bldg. Denver, Colo., 406 Ideal Bldg. Duluth, Minn., Hartley Bldg. 742 E. Superior St. Huntington, VV. Va. Suite 1004 Union Bank Bldg. Joplin, Mo., 816 Joplin Nat'l Bank Bldg. Juneau, Alaska, P. O. Box No. 231 Kansas City, Mo., 225 Scarritt Bldg. Miami, Florida, 305 Clark Bldg. 343 S. \Y. North River Drive New York, N. Y., Graybar Bldg. 420 Lexington Ave. Pittsburgh, Pa., Fulton Bldg. Portland, Ore. Northwestern National Bank Bldg. St. Louis, Mo. 17th Floor, Arcade Bldg. San Francisco, Calif. Suite 403 Balfour Bldg. 351 California St. Seattle, Wash. * I logo Bldg., 2d Ave. cN Cherry St. Scranton, Pa., 710Traders Bank Bldg. Spokane, Wash. 721-22 Old National Bank Bldg. Riverside Ave. Stevens St. Springfield, 111., 716 Rcisch Bldg. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. 728 Second National Bank Bldg. FABRIKOID P'ahrikoid for auto and furniture uphol stery; auto topping, bookbinding, luggage, novelties, etc. Tontine Washable Window Shade Cloth. Newburgh, N. Y. San Francisco, Calif., 569 Mission St. RUBBER PRODUCTS Pontopfor auto tops and curtains. Rain coat fabrics, gum rubber. Rug Anchor, Yenlnbe for mine ventilation. All kinds of rubberproofing. Fairfield, Conn. San Francisco, Calif., 569 Mission St. RAYON Du Pont Rayon Company, Inc. P. O. Station B, Buffalo, N. Y. Greensboro, N. C. 708 Jefferson-Standard Bldg. Greenville, S. C., 408 W'oodside Bldg. New York, N. Y., 132 Madison Ave. Old Hickory, Davidson Co., Term. Philadelphia, Pa. 1209 Land Title Bldg. Providence, R. I., 937 Rhode Island Hospital Trust Building Reading, Pa., 31 N. 6th St. San Francisco, Calif., 569 Mission Si. LITIIOPONE, DRY COLORS & PIGMENTS Productsfor paint, ink, oilcloth, linoleum, rubber and other industries. Boston, Mass., Everett Station 49 Chicago, 111., 2100 Elston Ave. Cleveland, Ohio 876 Union Trust Bldg. Los Angeles, Calif. Citizens' Warehouse 1904 Atlantic St. Newark, N. J., 256 Vanderpool St. Philadelphia, Pa. 3500 ('ray's Ferry Ed. PAINTS, VARNISHES, HUGO (FOR HOME USE) A complete line of paint and varnish prod ucts for all home and industrial uses. Boston, Mass., Everett Station 49 Chicago, III., 2100 Elston Ave. Newark, N. J., 256 Vanderpool St. New York, N. Y., 21 E. 40th St. Philadelphia, Pa. Public Ledger Bldg. I m lependence Square San Francisco, Calif., 569 Mission St . PYRALIN AND VISCOLOID Pyralin--Arlington, N. J. Viscoloid--Leominster, Mass. Pyralin toiletware of Amber, Pearl, Shed I and ivory and combinations ofthese colors. Novelty and transparent sheeting, rods, tubes a nd beading. Also Cleanable Collars. Boston, Mass., Harvey Bldg. 52 Chaunccy St. Chicago, 111., North American Bldg. New York, N. Y., 330 5th Ave. San Francisco, Calif., 569 Mission St. PACIFIC NOVELTY DIVISION Toys, rattles, infant sets, hair ornaments. New York, N. Y., 330 5th Ave. When you are in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Visit the Du Pont Products Exhibit, at 1121 Boardicalk ? zfr l (EAGLE GUNPOWDER) I i ii<* i; r;i in, 'tfay/ZZ/ys/, yyy sW/s/WA/:v.///oyyt///''//" fV//f/ Zy '//'/'////j/ /i///x, Co.i rM*r.jnr;ii n , /.////>.\s/y/ /Ay At/Ay /tot / . V/sto'//////. /// f A/t/.\ /, yx, A.'t ////</ /A > /// A / t/x cJITj.Tj'D yilLOlii r; X:ur vxuuru ij riv r; r-> i1 r K IK anil HF,i;l i/.ccl .mil lon^li.in J.'i.lJjaiul <>i II) , CLIN POWDER FOR ORDNANCE /////MiliI;ir\ SiTvirr; ( .innon.MiiskrI I'riinin;// // Hi tl< *, y/y //Zf. s/Ayy/s/ J. j/;/'/yy/sZtyy.v/'.s /// /'/y/t/y ,'A GiTSGOW.IMG ft yy/yyft vy/yysy/y/y/.\: E.I.DUPONT DE NEMOURS &C //y/yyyyyyt/A >yy. /A Zy//t yy/, ,^vrv: , '1 1 A, Time was when du Pont advertisements were neatly framed and sent to dealers for display ori the walls of their stores, rhe one illustrated here is a reproductionfrom a steel engraving made about seventy^fivc years ago PHINT ED IN U. S. A.