Document L9OqL8wNZpz9OYJ5D13ZwxOb
WORKS LEAD DROSSES By? J. Jackson 2/69 - 12/69
E. [. DU PONT DE NEMOURS & COMPANY
256 VANDERPOOL STREET NEWARK, NEW JERSEY
Soria! No. KN-70-1 Copy No.
I NEWARK PLANT
ft
A
PIGMENT COLOR RESEARCH REPORT
\
UTILIZATION OF LOW COST CHAMBERS WORKS LEAD DROSSES
Period Covered February, 1969 - December, 1969 {Part Time)
FILE: 211 DATE-. 1/30/70
NJ 14071
DUP050081 835
KN-70-1
1. Numerical Pile 2. Research Office Pile, Newark 211 3. Newark Library Pile 211 4. M. Hunt/E. Gonick, Pigments, Wilmington 5- W. S. Struve 6. F.F.Ehrich/E.F.Klenke/B.H.Perkins/Newark Library 7. A.R.Hanke/.E.S.Jaffe/Newark Library 8. p.J.Monahan, Newark (vital Records) 9. R.H.Wetzel, J.F.Maurer, J.W.Minnich, W.A. West 10. M.C.Crossan, Newport Research Pile 11* N.G.Fisher, Central Research, Wilmington 12. J, Jackson 13. Extra 14. Extra 15. Extra ' 16. Extra
NEWARK PLANT
PIGMENT COLORS RESEARCH REPORT
SUBJECT: UTILISATION OP LOW COST CHAMBERS WORKS LEAD DROSSES
PERIOD COVERED:/j February, 1969 - December, 1969 (Part Time)
'/, Mi*?
SUBMITTED BY v'' J. fi|C^N ^
DATE SUBMITTED: 12/15/69
APPROVED BY: wSs^J
ATE RELEASED: 1/30/70
ABSTRACT
This report summarizes a brief review of the suitability of Reverbatory Furnace Fume Scrubber Solids available from Chambers Works operations for the manufacture of chrome yellows.
In the opinion of the writer, the lead nitrate made from this material offers very considerable promise as a lower cost route to a substantial portion of our N-41 requirements.
Maximum savings per year would be $78,750 assuming a 7//lb. spread between Orchem and purchased lead price. Investment and operating costs would alter this figure.
DUP050081 836
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I.. INTRODUCTION II* SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS III. RECOMMENDATIONS IV. PATENT STATUS
V. EXPERIMENTAL VI. REFERENCES
Page 1 X 2 2 2 4
DUP050081837
X. INTRODUCTION
* The availability of 2 to 3,000,000 lbs./yr. lead of low cost, by product, lead residues from tetraethyl lead manufacture at the Chambers Works has repeatedly given rise to inquiries as to its potential use in the manufacture of chrome yellows.
The presence of large amounts of Cl (PbOCl2; Pbels? NaCl) has complicated the utilization of this material as a raw material for lead pigment manufacture, and its use has never been adopted.
A more complete discussion of the properties of the bulk of this material is given in my memo "Chambers Works Lead Dross", 3/17/69 (Ref. #3 - copy attached). In this memorandum, I summarized my thoughts on possible means of converting this material to a more suitable form.
Further chemical description of one source of this lead dross, "Accelator Concentrate" is given in J. r . Day's letter to me of 3/25/69 (Ref. #4 - copy attached).
A review of the situation with j. R. Day of Orchero led to the conclusion that a cleaner source of lead (lower insoluble ClTM, Carbon residues, etc.) might be of more interest to the Pigments Department. The Orchero material known as "Reverberatory Furnace Fume Scrubber Solids" was considered to be of such a character. Approximately 1.26 million lbs./year lead basis are available from this source (Ref. #5, 6 - copies attached).
The basic value of these residues to Orchero is that of the lead content equivalent, less toll charges for smelting the material. At the time of this report, this represented about 5 to 6//1b. During this period, Pigments Department was paying approximately 13-14//lb. of lead. The spread between these values would determine the maximum allowable costs to cover Orchem's and Pigments' required investment and manufacturing costs to recover and convert this material to a suitable alternative to Pigments (Pb(N03)2 solution (n-41). Orchem has supplied us a transfer price of $.06/lb. Pb in their letter of 7/31/69 (Ref. #6 - copy attached).
XI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1. A possible source of 1-1/4 million pounds of lead equivalent (substantially in the form of 2PbC03.Pb(0H)2 is available from Orchem's Reverberatory Furnace Fume Scrubber Solids at $.06/lb. Pb.
2. This material has been converted to Pb(N03)2 by solution in hot concentrated nitric acid, adjustment of pH and filtration to remove excessive amount of Fe++, Fe*3.
3. This lead nitrate was converted in a 100% form and in 50% dilution with regular Pigments Department Pb(N03)2 (-41) to a Y-758-D type primrose yellow.
4. The pigments obtained were satisfactory in yield, very close in masstone, skindown, tinting strength, and Fadeometer lightfastness. *Ref. #7 - Received after report written indicates a potential of
4-6 million lbs./yr.
DUP050081838
-2 -
III. RECOMMENDATIONS
In the writer's opinion, this work should he extended in cooper
ation with Orchem to determine (1) the suitability of additional samples of these solids, (2) the quantitative conversion of the samples to soluble lead nitrate, and (3) the economics versus Pigments' routine manufacture of N-41 solution.
IV. PATENT STATUS
in the writer's opinion, nothing of a patentable nature was developed during these studies. Orchem*s considerations may be different from ours.
V. EXPERIMENTAL
A. Conversions to Pb(NO)a
J. R. Day of Orchem supplied two samples of "C" Furnace Fume Scrubber Solids (Ref. #5)s
1, Dry sample CWNB 2794-178 440.5 grs.
5/26/69
.33 % Cl"
70 % Pb dry basis
2. Wet sample CWNB 2794-1791073,8 grs.
5/28/69
44 % Hj.0
1.7 % Cl"
70% Pb Dry basis
These samples had been collected and washed to remove the bulk of water soluble cl**. Orchem x-ray data suggested they are essen tially 2PbC03.Pb(OH)2 plus SiOs.
work Up of Samples
Sample A. The samples were attacked with HNOs on the following basis s
Celc. # Pb in 2PbC03.Pb(0H)2 - 621
80% Pb
775.67
Assume 6 mols HNO3 will dissolve 1 mol 2PbC03.Pb(0H)2
Weight of sample 440.5 * .567 mol basic lead carbonate -
775.7
assuming all sample is
2PbC03.Pb(QH)a
Calc. HNO3 m Use .567 x 6 x 63.02 * 214.5 grs. 100% HN03
214.5 x 70% Pb * 268 gr. 70% HNO3 .7 80% Pb
Calc, yield pb(N03)2 would be:
440.5 x 70% Pb x 331^ 492 grs. 207
DUP050081 839
Procedure:
To 1250 cc H20 Add 268 gr. 70% HN03 Heat to 140F. - Add Sample A slowly
Temp, rose to 165F. pH a .6 Heat to 195-200F. - Held 1 hr. Dilute with 250 cc HsQ Filter - Wash 300 cc H20 Save solids 129 grs. Dry WtJ (Very high - does not fit
analysis)
Save filtrate and wash water Total filtrate <= 2169 grs. Be* s* 23.9 Sp.gr. * 1.1973 gr/cc .2297
Assume Reg. N-41 sp. gr. = 416 gr. (Pb(N03)2 vs Calc. 492 gr. Actual analysis - solution ex sample A contained 18.34% Pb(N03)a
397 gr. vs calc. 492
Conclusion: Amount HN03 used inadequate for complete solution of Pb in this dry sample.
Sample B 1073.8 gr. x 5.6% solids = .775 mols 2pbC03.
775.67
Pb(OH)2
Calc. HN03 .776 x 6 x 63.02 x 70% Pb a 366 gr HN03 (70%)
_________
80% Pb
,7
Calc. Pb(1103)2 1073.8 x .56 x .7 x 331 a 674 gr (Pb(N03)a 207
Procedure:
To 1300 cc Ha0 Add 366 gr 70% HN03 Add presscahe slowly at 130f - little temp, rise
Heat to 200F. - Hold 1 hr. pH 3.85 after 1 hr. Add additional 20 cc 70% HN0S - pH 3.5
Add additional 10 cc 70% h n o 3 - pH 1.6 Dilute with 200 cc H20 Filtered -- washed Save total filtrate - 3159 gr. Weight of dry residue = 190 gri (Highi)
Assume N-41 Be*
sp.gr. = 1.2447 gr./cc
Yield as calc. = 718 gr.
Chemical Determination Pb(N03)2 * 23.05%
Yield = 730 grs.
versus calc, yield on assumption of 70% Pb at 56% solids * 674 grs.
Purification of Sample "B11
To filtrate of B add 82 cc 1% NaOH
pH changed from 1.6 - 2.9
Fe(OH)3 formed
-
Supernatant liquid showed no test for Fe'*''* with NH* SCN
Filtered - recovered1' 305C^,gr. solution
Chemical analysis 22.47% and iron free.
DUP050081840
-4 -
Discussion; it is obvious that the composition is not quite that assumed 2Pbcc>3.Pb(OH)2 since HNO3 requirements were not as calcu lated. Moreover/ soluble lead nitrate recovered was very high since there was considerable insolubles remaining.
TESTING OF B - PURIFIED LEAD NITRATE
50% Orchem B
A-Control
Purified
100% Orchem B
100% N41
50% N41
Purified
Pb(N03)a equiv.
165.5 gr.
165.5
165.5
N41 537 gr.soln 263.5
Orchem (B) Purified
367.5
740.0
In Total
1345 cc H2O/80F
X
X
Adjust to pH
4.1
X
X
Add - stir 1 min.
Na2C03
25 gr/100ccH20
X
X
Add in 40 seconds solution
Na2Cra07.2H20 (N-0)
54 gr.
X
X
Na2S03 (N108)
5.54 gr.
X
X
H2SO4 (100% N-27)
3.31 gr.
X
X
Na2F2 (N--518)
1.45 gr.
X
X
Al2(SO4)3I8H2O (N-15) 4.76 gr.
X
X
Dissolved in Total
1345 cc/80
X
X
pH
1.85
X
X
Stir 8 minutes
pH
4.35
4.2
4.2
Add-stir 1 minute betw/een additions
Na2S04
5 gr/20cc
X
X
Na2C03
4 gr/12cc
X
X
Na4P207 (N-479)
2 gr/lOOcc
X
X
PH 6.7 6,5 6.(
Heat to 180CF. - Hold 20 minutes,
Add - Stir 1 minute bestween
MnS04.H20 (N-336)
1 gr/50cc
X
X
Ala (S04) 3.18H2C)
17 gr/68cc
X
X
Na4P20~*
2 gr/lOOcc
X
X
Na2C03
1 gr/4cc to pH 5.1
Filter - wash to 2500 ohm/cm2
Dry 180 16 hrs.
Bake 265 2 hrs.
Pigment Yield
164.9 gr
164,1
166.1
Tested colors by rubout and found all to be similar in color and
Fadeometer lightfastness,
vi. REFERENCES - copies Attached
1. Utilization Low Cost Chambers Works Lead JJ 2/28/69 2. BAH - RJL Utilization of Low Cost Chambers Works Lead 3/5/69 3. chambers works Lead Dross j j 3/17/69 4. J.R.Day - Jj Composition-Accelerator Concentrate 3/25/69 5. J.R.Day - JJ Chambers Works Reverberatory Furnace Fume Scrubber
Solids 6/9/69 6. J.R.Day - JJ Transfer Price of Reverberatory Furnace Fume
Scrubber Solids 7/31/69 ?4 J.R.Day - JJ Accelator Concentrate as a Lead Source 1/19/70 dc
DUP050081841
CC: M.Hunt/E.Gonick, Pigts.,Wilm, W.S.Struve/A.A.Brizzolara R.H.Zabel, Pigts., Wilm. W. J.McClure/R.A.Hageman R.E.Roberts, Engr., Louviers
/JS.Jackson
/ NNeewark, New Jersey / FFeebruary 28, 1969
UTILIZATION OF LOW COST CHAMBERS WORKS LEAD
0
The availability of 30 - 40,000 lbs. of low cost lead per day at the chambers Works has repeatedly sparked inquiries as to its potential use in the manufacture of chrome yellows.
It is my understanding that this material is valued at approximately $ cents/lb. lead versus our approximate cost of 13-14 cents/lb. (R.E.Roberts).
In the past, consideration has been given to the conversion of this type material and other Cl~containing lead sources to satisfactory N-41 (lead nitrate solution) which can be utilized to make our standard lead containing colors.
The presence of considerable quantities of Cl" (PbCla ?) makes this procedure difficult,and relatively costly,and it has never been adopted.
I propose that thought be given to utilization of this raw material as a source of lead nitrate for low cost high volume medium yellow to be used in traffic paint and,possibly, comic strip inks. These outlets are presently not available to us because of the competitive pricing situation.
I believe that there is a good chance that chloride impurities could be tolerated in pigment for traffic paint since its effect on particle size and color would be less difficult to overcome than in the case of our standard pigments. (Halogens are utilized in the chrome solutions to make these pigments.)
I have assumed, in this suggestion, the absence of metals
Other than lead,and the availability of suitable equipment for
manufacture. The latter point may present problems, but I believe that the idea is worthy of consideration by all concerned.
RESEARCH ASSOCIATE dc
t.
DUP050081842
W* J, Me Clure W. S, Struve..
**
Newark, Mew Jersey March 5, 1969
PR. R. J. LOMBARDO Pigments - Wilm.
UTILIZATION OF LOW COST CHAMBERS WORKS LEAP *
Utilization of Orchem's low cost lead residue for making traffic paint Chrome Yellows Is not economically attractive because (1) the Newark plant will have no excess inorganic capacity until at least 1972, (2) these products will be less profitable than our current Chrome yellow line.
1 Traffic paint yellows sell for approximately 129 less than market price. The use of this scrap lead would lower our ingredient cost about 39 per pound* It is therefore more profit able to make the high quality yellows.
RAH:mkb
ORIGINAL SIGNED BY
R. A. HAGp;maN
R. A. HAGEMAN ASSISTANT PLANT MANAGER
Reference J. Jackson's suggestion 2/28/69*'
# {&* Ok. U+ Cfjf*
DUP050081843
CONFIDENTIAL
CCj W.S. Murray, Orchem, Chambers Works
C.E.Dailey, H.Day,
" "
"" ""
J.Day,
" ""
R. E.Roberts,,Engr., Louviers w. j. McClure/R. A. Hageman, Newark M. Hunt/E.Gonick, Pigts., Wilm. W.S.Struve/A.A.Brizzolara, Newark
J. Jackson
/Newark, New Jersey March 17, 1969
CHAMBERS WORKS LEAD DROSS
Ref: JJ - Utilization Low Cost Chambers Works Lead - 2/28/69
RAH-RJL " " " "
" " - 3/5/69
On 3/12/69, H. Day and J. Day of Orchem-Chambers Works called * me to discuss possible utilization of a lead containing residue from the manufacture of tetraethyl lead. Hie following facts were ascertained.
Supply
1. 2-3,000,000 lbs. Pb content per year available on a continuing basis. This represents a minimum of 14% and a maximum of 21% of Newark's 1968 lead requirements.
Chemical and Physical Characteristics
1, Highly particulate material in the form of a sludge containing approximately 50% water.
Solids contain silver
lead
carbonaceous material
lead monoxide
lead sulfide and sulfate equivalent to .5% $
basic lead carbonate
lead oxychloride
lead alkyls
Cu compounds
.3% Cu
Bi "
.3% Bi
Fe "
.3% Fe
Magnesium hydroxide
3-4%
Aluminum
"
1-2%
The presence of lead alkyls would necessitate some processing on the part of Orchem in order to insure safety in handling this mater ial .
I outlined, in a general manner,, our manufacturing scheme for conversion of lead to lead nitrate, and spelled Out present purifi- ^ cation schemes. In addition, I suggested that a review of my KN report (51-44 - "Examination of Lead Bearing Residues for Conversion to Lead Nitrate") might be of some use.
i
DUP050081 844
In reviewing this situation, it appears to me that a possible approach to utilize this material would involve a scheme as follows*
Filtration
1, Slurry (a) filter with filter aid if necessa (b) wash to remove bullc of halogen (c) dry.
2. Treat in Furnace - Feed to melting furnace under oxidizing conditions *
(a) to slag off Mg and A1 possibly as silicates, (b) to oxidize lead alkyls, ('c') t'o 'oxi"di.z....e........l..e....a....d........s....u....l..f...i.d.....e.........to PbSO*'
ri* Gr*
Under reducing conditions;
(a) Might be needed to convert PbSO* to Pb if .suffeih
amount formed.
Wr
3. Dissolve in Nitric Acid
This impure Pb/Pbo/PbS04 could then be dissolved in nitric acid, treated with scrap iron to reduce Ag, Cu, Bi to metallic state (for recovery of metallic values) and filtered.
4, Subsequent Pb(^o3)2 solution could probably be purified of iron, by oxidation to Fe 3, adjustment of Ph and filtration.
Such a Pb(N03)2 even if it contained small amounts of(1% Cl / Pb(n o 3)z) might be convertible to satisfactory medium yellow.
The major question would appear to be one of economics. If the value to Pigments Department of pure Pb is $.13/lb. and recovery value of sludge to Orchem is $,05/lb. of lead* only $.08/lb. is available for these operations. This represents $240,000 per year for additional cost of processing and return on
needed investment.
JULIUS JACKSON RESEARCH DIVISION
These approximate figures are based on a high spot value for lead content supplied by R. E, Roberts, Other considerations involving
Orchem*s processing might lower this figure.
JJsdc
DUP050081845
fi. X. <3u Font tie Nemours & Co.* Inc. Ch inhere Works
Da'-'jpvn.terv New Jersey OG023
vh-onu, h'lm, JB.idg li'-r >V3m. Bldg.
. .Tectr-on
its" Droartirrent Kotfjertrcy
7`2>o possibility of your plant using our Accolator concentrate F:s p. t?ureo of lead for load chromate manufacture is being explored. Daring cur recent phone conversation on this subject* yen revert tod the attached composition data. We have already ' started to loo?; more closely at the chloride content and the offsctiwneea of reslurrying to remove it.
DUP050081846
COMPOSITION ACCFLRTOR CONCENTRATE
%
kverace
Nol of Samples
TrCu-a Lor.'3
43.3-81.5 2.6-28.2
30.B-56.1
64.4 19.3 39.8
25 10 10
Cl
at JEa^r-blc Sb)
S0]t, m 5
8 t C *Kg ia KgSOH).} hi
BI
0.6-37.2
3.5-- 3.8
(e) 0.3
m
22.4 0.55 0.11 3.6 1.6 0.026
1
4
1
1 2 1 1
'1
(a) it -ic 'vi forms Include lead aulfato, lead sulfide, lead oxide, lead c::ychlord, basic' lead carbonate, and lead alkyls the latter are about 10% by weight of the total solids.
SbJ Kostly graphite.
Sc5 `bill bo determined. i
(dj Unknown but small - estimate <0.1%."
\7. JR. Day Easch 25, 1869 erne
DUP050081847
I, du Pont de Nemours & Co., Inc Chambers Works
Deepwater, New Jersey 08023
T. J, R. Stephens, Adm. Bldg. W. S. Murray, "Freon" Office
7nne P, 1059
Ju 1 ivi & Jr.eh son Pigmr.nts Department Research Division ITewa::k, Naw Jersey
CHAMBERS WORKS REVERBERATORY FURNACE FUME SCRUB OF,R SOLIDS _ ________________
As nuv.sr 7 in our phone conversation on May 19 we are sending und r separate cover two samples of our reverberatory furnace fuvi ? scrubber solids. Both samples have been filtered, ros.iv.rriocl in distilled water, filtered and given three u.iiv illed water rinses. One sample has been dried and the other is as removed from the filter. Analyses are as follows:
% HaO
% Cl
Wfc., g.
Dry Sample Wet Sample
44*
0.33 1.7*
440 1073
*On dry basis.
A
,vi
JR. Dayf Pi.--.k ':3& Department Tatra Ethyl Lead Area
: cmc
DUP050081848
E. i. du Pont da Nemours ft Co. r Inc. chambers Works
Deepwater, New Jersey 08023
V. R,, Hnrka, Orchem, Wilm. G. N. Ross, Orchem, WiXlti. w,, ,f- McClure, Pigments, Newark J n, oom;>v. Pigments, Wilm. w. ; ?, Cogdill, t '.E.I,. office C, E, Dellay, T.E.L, Office
W. S. Murray, "Freon" Office
H. L. Smith, Adm. Bldg.
T. j. P, Stephens, Adm. Bldg. T. W. Torokowit, Adm. Bldg,
tn/ss
July 31, 1969
J. Jackson Pigments Department
Research Division Newark, New Jersey
TRANSFER p r ic e o f s e v e r b e r r t o k y f u r n a c e
HXim SCRUBBER SOI,IDSh
_____________________
This letter is in answer to your verbal request for a transfer price on our reverberatory furnace fume scrubber solids. We understand that this material may be suitable as a lead source for certain grades of lead chromate pigments and that in order to determine if an additional laboratory program on your part is justified, some idea of the cost of our material is required.
After consulting our Control Department, we propose the follow ing method for determining a transfer price based on the best course of action for DuPont. Orchem will establish the cost of collecting and preparing the material in a suitable form for your use. Pigments would determine the additional costs incurred by handling our solids. The cost of shipping from Chambers to Newark would be added to these two numbers. If the total is .loss than the cost of new lead, and the likelihood off this being the case seems probable, then the savings could be split equally between the two departments.
As a starting point, we have developed a rough figure off $0.06/ lb. lead for preparing the shipment of fume scrubber solids in a wet cake form. This figure considers the present recovery method and purchase of new lead to be a "stand-off", i.e, the recovery costs are equivalent tq the value of the lead in these solids. Therefore, our cost cf preparing the material
DUP050081849
Pag? P ffuly 3.1, 1963 J. .Inch son Transfer i;.v| co of Reverberatory Furnace Ftrme Scrubber Solids
for you ineludes only the operating cost of the new equipment needed for collecting and concentrating the solids (see attach'd calculation). Freight costs are estimated at $0.01/ lb. I d.
The ':ho-/e two figures, along with the additional figure which you b elopr should indicate whether or not you might be inter' : ted in pursuing this work further. When you have deter, vlnod this, we would appreciate knowing your thoughts so that ? enn further refine our estimated cost or seek another
or. - of notion.*
Proco v. Department Tetxv Hithyi Lead Area
ii, g. havener! Control Division Orchetn f Wi Xmington
) .-.D i 1 '.'u attachment
DUP050081850
Attachment
COLLECTION OF FUME SCRUBBER SOLIDS T.E.I.. Area ~ C.N. Operating Cost
Basisi Investment $350,000 Amount of Lead ~ 1.26MM Ib./yx.
Materials Operating Labor Repair Labor Direct Overhead Repairs Material Depreciation
Operating Cost
'
$
10,000 14,000
6,000 10,500 35,000
Y5',BOO
Operating Cdst/Xb. Pb 75,500/1,26xl06 ca. $0.06/lb. Pb
1RD sc
8/1/69
DUP050081851
0R.49II MU-210 -1
rsTAiusKEoiso? E. I. d u Po n t d e Ne mo u r s 61 Co mp a n y
.INCORPORATED
CHAMBERS WORKS
DEEPWATER, NEW JERSEY 06023
D. F. McVaugh, Qrchem, Wilm.
. W. W, Cogdill, T.E.L, Office
G. E, Dailey, T.E.L. office
W. S. Murray, "Freon" Office
E * J Roszko, T.E.L. Office H. L, Smith, Adm. Bldg.
T. W. Tomkowit, Adm. Bldg, T. J. R. Stephens, Adm, Bldg.
January 19, 1970
J. Jackson
Pigments Department Research Division Newark, New Jersey
ACCELATOR CONCENTRATE AS A LEAD SOURCE FOR CHROMATE PIGMENTS______________
This letter records the sense of our recent telephone conver sation, It is understood that the major reason for the Pigments Department's lack of interest in our reverberatory furnace fume scrubber solids, which are Cl-free, is that this source (estimated at 1.25MM lb, lead/year) would provide too small a portion of the total requirement (around 12MM lb./yr.) to bother with.
You indicated, however, that Accelator concentrate which is available in larger quantities (4-6MM lb. lead/yr.) would be of interest if it could be made Cl-free (previous_analytiCal data have indicated about 4% Cl). In recent high spot tests one of our chemists, R. Moore, has found that the Cl can be removed from Accelator concentrate by dissolving in HNO3 and refluxing to remove the HCl formed. Since your comments were encouraging, we propose to continue work with this material and will send you a Pb(N03)2 solution for end-use testing.
J. R. Da
Process Department Tetra Ethyl Lead Area
JRD j emc
BETTER THINGS FOR BETTER LIVING . . . THROUGH CHEMISTRY
DUP050081852
o
U o* a ca ss 1 C/3 2
8 a 8` r I ' & C/J < e go ?s e- ^ i 0> ^ 13
PH o 0
1 |
DUP050081853