Document KRx05Ze3ODOgv4Gv2MERkpYk2

1GS96 PROPOSED RULES (c) The Deputy Administrator, Vet erinary Services, upon request to him, may approve ether identification systems- in specific cases entt under such condi tions as he meftivescribe if he deter mines that systems provide the necessary information to allow for trace- back of the swWKto their herd of origin. Any person w wishes to submit writ ten data, views or arguments concerning the proposed amendment may do so by filing them with Deputy Administrator, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Depart ment of Agriculture, HyattsviUe, Mary land 20782 before August 12, 1974. All written subir.i- nons made pursuant to this notice wiil be made available for public inspection at the Federal Build ing, 6505 Belcrest Road, Room 870, HyattsviUe. Maryland 20732, during reg ular hours of bi-siiir-; (S a.tn. to 4:30 pm., Monday to Friday, except holidays) in a manner convenient to the public business (7CFR 1.27'b)). Comments sutimned should bear a reference to the date and page number of this issue in the Federal Register. Done at Washington. D.C., this 7th day of May 1974. Pierre A, Chaloux, Acting Deputy Administrator, Veterinary Services, Animal and Plant Health inspection Service. [FR Doc.74-10682 Piled S--74;8; Sir.) DEPARTMENT OF LABOR , Occupational Safety and Health Administration 129 CFR Part 1910] IDecrc*. OFH-36) vinyl c;-:lc";qe Proper 2.1 2;."nderri 1, Background, V;nvl chic:, Is <r'i.-roethenc Chcrru:.".! . y-; Zer ,:e Registry No. 75015. L> a syntmtie chemi cal made by oxychloi (nation oi ethylene er by hydrocWorinr.tio:. of acetylene. It is the parent compound of a senes of tn.-i.'.oplastic resin polymers and co polymers which are widely used for contair.ej". wrapping film, electrical insuia- or,, p pe, conduit, and a variety of other pre; .:ct*. Vinyl chloride has been made commercially in this country since 1939 and present production is in excess of cn h alien pounds per year. Vinyl chloride <VC) is a gas at amh'ent temperature and pressure and is a eliminated hydrocarbon which has KicCsraiie liVer foxjcilL 'The previous standard set a ceiling value of 500 parts per million (ppm) (29 CFR 1910.93, Table G-l). On January 22. 1974, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) was informed by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health <NIOSH) that the B. F. Good rich Chemical Company reported that deaths of several of its employees from a rare liver cancer (angiosarcoma) may have been occupationally related. As a result of this notification and after con sultation with thwNationr.l institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), and a Joint inspection of the plant by OSHA, NIOSH, and the Ken tucky Department of Labor, a fact-find inn- hearing nn possible hazards involved with the manufacture and use of VC was announced on January 3Q, 1974 (39 FR 3874) and held on February 13, 1974. 2. Carcinoacr.icuy of vc. information produced at this hearing demonstrated that exposure nf laboratory animals (mostly Sprague-Dawley rats) to VC by inhalation at and below the then current OSHA standard of 500 Dam induced tumors, including angiosarcomas of the liver. Professor Cesare Maltoni. of the Institute di Oncologia, Bologna, Italy, reported on a series of experiments on the effect of exposure of rats, mice, and hamsters to VC at concentrations of 10,000; 6,000; 2,500; 500; 250; and 50 ppm for varying periods oi time (TR43-63). Some of the experiments have been concluded, and others are still on going. The experimental resnlts reported were that tumors have been observed in groups of animals exposed to VC at concentratlons as low as 250 ppm. No tumors w*r observed in the group of animals exposed to VC at a concentration 0150 nnm it also appears that the total num- ber of turners, as well as the numbers of angiosarcomas of the liver, decreased as the concentrations of VC were reduced to 250 ppm. Another experiment by Pro fessor Maltoni was reported underway involving the exposure of 300 animals to VC at concentrations of 50 ppm, in order to across In a more definitive way whether that level of exposure produces tumors in animals. Data, reported by Torkelson, Oyen and Rowe (American Industrial Hygiene Association J 22; 254- 3C1 <1961)) indicate that exposure to VC at concentrations of 50 ppm failed to induce tumors in rats, hamsters, rabbits, and dogs. The employees of the B, F. Goodrich Chemical Company who died from angio sarcoma of the liver had an average ex posure of approximately 19 years to vinyl chloride, at unknown concentrations, and variable exposures to other volatile chemicals. (TR 93). Some employees of Union Carbide. Firestone Tire and Rub ber, ana Goodyear w ere also reported in post-hearing comments to have had ex posure to vinyl chloride and to have died from angiosarcoma of the liver. Finally, autopsies of four deceased employees re vealed their liver angiosarcoma tumors were histologically indistinguishable from the angiosarcoma tumors observed in Piofessor Maltoni's experimental animals. 3. The Emergency Temporary Stand ard. On the basis of all information available at that time, and the fact that employees were being exposed at levels around the experimentally observed ef fect level of 250 ppm. an Emergency Temporary Standard (ETS) was promul gated on April 5. 1974 (39 FR 12342) as 29 CFR 1910.93q. This standard reduced the level from n celling of 500 nnm to 50 tinm celling, it was expressly reccgnuca that tills standard limiting exposures to a 50 ppm level was intended to be a ten.tative. interim standard, to be in effect no longer than six months, dnriivr which time the whole question of possible safe exposure to VC would be reconsidered more fully and in the light of mom in formation, especially results of experi ments which were known to be under way at that time. 4, Additional information, On April 15. 1974. information and data were' Pre sented to representatives of OSHA. NIOSH and the EPA by the Industrial Bio-Test Laborsrnries. Northb.'GOl:. Lii- nois. concerning results Of animal e\- Manufacturing 'chemists Association (MCA). Although only prelim-uan- in nature, these results revealed tha. 2 out of 200 mice exposed to VC concentrations of SO ppm for 7 hours a day, five days a week, for approximately 7 months, de veloped angiosarcomas of the liver. Tiie Industrial Bio-Test Lab data tff- dmicaaytewetlhl acot nesxtpitousteurae steorioVuCs ha^t t5L0 iann:m naz- ard to employees Also, the Question ol a safe level of exposure for ct an- noL continue .AS a matter f* :may rip. liberation for many yearn. We therefore conclude that, it Is now necessary tn nrp- nose to change the 50 ntoi level estaTi- lished in the ETS to as low a level as can be detected using methodologies outlined in this proposal. (5) The proposed permanent standard. The requirements for . complete stand ard. under section 6(b) of the Occupa tional Safety and Health Act of 1970 are much more comprehensive than the provisions .of the ETS promulgated on April 5. The following proposals are re sponsive to the additional information on the carcinogenicity of VC, and the requirements of the Act, A. Level of exposure. The proposed! standard for employee exposure is set at nn detect*hie level nc determined hv a Rumbling and analytical metl-nd rang hie Of detecting vinyl chloride at concentra tions of 1 pan; ylth an acc.\uatx, sU ppm-SQ percent. Although more sensi tive methods may be available now or in the future, the methodological sensitivity proposed appears to be the most feasible and generally available. A method of 1 ppm sensitivity has been recommenced to OSHA by NIOSH. To minimise th number of persons at risk, a reouirernent would be established for regulating areas where vinyl chloride is maiitifac- )'-lrij! 1-caOad otnrpd. handled TPln.)gwt mcnrknged nr mrit including opera tions-With polyvinyl chloride containing detectable levels n{ vinyl chloride Acres* to the areas would be limited to authorized employees. B. Monitoring. A program of monitor ing would be requlre3 to establish whether there are detectable levels in regulated areas and to permit determina tion of employee exposures on an In dividual basis. Provision would also be FEDERAL REGISTER, VOL 3*, NO. 92--FRIDAY, MAY 10. 1*74 BOR 006992 ^ - Uirrir PROP SED RULES 16897 mflde tor an opportunity to observe record to an employee's physician on the <5 "Decontamination" means reduc monitoring by employees or their desig employee's request. w-hshiishment* con tion of vinyl chloride concentrations to nated representatives, as required by sec tion 8ic< (S) of the Aet C Control mcthods.-Where detectable ducting VC operations SL-ould.be required to Irtoritlfg to OSH1 "A tO renort Incidents (accidents) resulting in less than detectable levels. (Ql -netertahle level" means an air borne concentration of vinyl chloride i.vPis of vc are mcBliorttL. (go nro- the release of vinvl chloride. measurable by a sampling and analytical would be triggered: an engineer Accordingly, pursuant to sections 6(b), method capable Of i"onnwng concentre, i1n-g-'acnhdw1ngwrrKiejrnatettijc.hgtpntfwflgarnadawhile this C(c>, and 8(c) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (84 Stat. tin"- of 1 nnim with en accuracy o' 1 io percent is on-going, a re-ntratorv nrntertion -nro- 1593.1596,1599; 29 U.S.C. 655. 657). Sec (7) "Director means the Director, Na rjm ,nr emniovers in the redilated area. retary of Labor's Order No. 12-71 (36 PR tional Institute for Occupational Safety Engineering controls and woi'k. prac 8754) and 29 CFR Part 1911, it is here and Health, or any person directed by tices are favored methods of compliance by proposed to amend 29 CPR Part 1910 him or the Secretary of Health. Educa because they tend to avoid contamina by revising 5 1910.93q as set forth below. tion. and Welfare to act for the Director. tion of the ambient air in the workplace. Written data, views, and arguments (8) "Emergency" means an unforseen Accordingly, it is proposed to require the concerning the proposals may be mailed circumstance or set of circumstance?, re institution of engineering controls and to the Docket Officer, Docket OSH-36, sulting In the release of vinyl chloride of workpractice methods as soon as feasi Room 230. 1726 M Street, N.W.. Occupa into areas occupied by employees. ble, and to require the use of respirators tional Safety and Health Administra (9) "Exposure" means actual contact "-"rime rhg institution of such controls, tion. Washington, D.C. 20210, post- - with vinyl chloride when unprotected by to nnlPiwant. such rmU-inLs where-thev marked Int-.r than ,1<m. in 107J required personal protective equipment insufficient tn reduce concentrations Pursuant to 29 CFR 1911.11 (b) and and clothing. vinvl chloride heinw Me rifttnclflhle ic>. interested persons may, file obipc- (10) "Fabricated product" means a level. in Specified work s-iruations. and tmns-tn the proposals rednatflnaJMP- finished prodwl or cart of such product, in cases Oof emergency. The proposal for formal hearing with restart thereto in made of polyvinyl chloride, entirely or in continuous how and pressure demand accordance with the following condi part, including semifinished products types of respirators is based on the rec tions ; such as film, sheet, block, bar, or extru ommendations of NIOSH, which has ob (1) The objections must include the sion stock'. served leakage through chemical car name and address of the objector; (11) "OSHA Area Director" means the tridge respirators at high concentrations (2) Tlie objections must be post Director for the Occupational Safety and of VC. marked on or before June 10,1974; Health Administration Area Office hav A requirement would also be estab (3> The objections must specify the ing jurisdiction over the geographic area lished for the provision and use of pro provisions of the proposed rule to which tn which the establishment is located. tective Clothing for emblovees in the reg objection is taken, and must state the (12) "Polyvinyl chloride" means poly ulated areas. The protective clothing grounds therefor; vinyl chloride homopolymer or copol would minimize skin contact with VC (4> Each objection must be separately ymer before such Is converted to a fab vapor, and would provide some measure of protection from splash of liquid in stated and numbered; and (5) The objection- must be accom ricated product. (13). "Protective clothing" means --d- ihe event of a spill or rupture of equip ment Food, beverages, and like products ,"oi:'.d be prohibited in the regulated area. panied by a summary of the evidence proposed to be adduced at the requested heanng. As revised, } 19l0.93q would read as clothing protective against vinyl chlo ride. (14) "Vinyl chloride" means vinyl chloride monomer. Written operational ard "morgen-v follows: flan.- .voiild be rw8:.-.J. wi-h cm- 1910.93q Vinyl Chloride. niovee i.: pining in r.vii:. f Specific requirements :t 'id : established for emerr: ..d for routine maintenance and cisco. nation operations, incluJ.ug ve^ cl entry, which are known to present, particular hazards. The purposes of operational and emer gency plans and training are to apprise empic; e-es of the hazards to which they ir.j;. ce exposed, of the precautions they (a1 Scope and application. (1) This section applies to any area or operation which vinyl chloride (chloroethene). Chemical Abstracts Service Registry No. 75015, is manufactured, reacted, re leased, repackaged, stored, or used, in cluding areas and operations involving polyvinyl chloride where detectable levels of vinyl chloride are released. (2 This section does not apply to the handling or use of fabricated prodUdS r.u-t tar-.s to avoid such hazards, and to rehearse employees in the procedures tl'.ey must follow' in emergencies. made entirely or In part of polwinvl ChlBOtiE. <bi Definitions. (1) "Assistant Secre- D. Medical surveillance. Comorehen- . tary" means the Assistant Secretary of si.f! requirement- tnr employee medical Labor tor Occupational Safety and 6 r.rmmatinns ___Including Health. U.S. Department of Labor or his iu.'1-.k qiw tests., some additional guid designee. ance is included for the convenience of (2> "Authorized employee" means an physicians. The proiicsed requirements employee whose duties require him to be have been recommended to OSHA by in the regulated area and who has been NIOSH as reasonably appropriate to de specifically assigned by the employer; tect liver dysfunction which may be in and any employee who enters such an (15) "Waste resin" means any resin or other reaction products removed in the cleaning of equipment, such as ves sels and piping. (c) Reference. College of American Pathologists. 230 N. Michigan Ave., Chi cago. Illinois 60601. (4) Regulated areas. (1) A regulated area shall be established whore (1) vinyl clUoride is manufactured, reacted, re leased. repackaged, stored, or used; or (ii> polyvinyl chloride capable of re leasing detectable levels of vinyl chlo ride Is manufactured, reacted, released, repackaged, stored, or used. (2> Access to regulated areas shall be limited tn authorized emplWoyipees. (3i A.daily roster of employees enter ing regulated areas shall he made nr.fl maintained. The rosters, or summaries thereof, shall be kept for at least 20 'ears. < e > Monitoring. (1) Every regulated area, shall he monitore'dT` ? detectable levels of vinyl chloride. dicative of, or predisposing to. the de velopment of liver angiosarcomas. E. Records and reports. Records of monitoring mpritr-al examinations, and area as a designated representative of employees to exercise an opportunity to observe monitoring and measuring of vinyl chloride. (2) The monitoring shall assure that any exposiire may be determined for each authorized pmnloveewith g confi dence level of 95 nerrent entry to regulated areas are proposed, 3 "Closed container" means any (3) Employees or their designated rep in with provision for access pv appropriate container which prevents the release of resentatives shall be afforded an oppor OSHA and MTQSH official;. Specific pro vinyl chloride to the environment. tunity to observe monitoring and measur visions for employee access to monitoring 4 * "Contaminated" means capable ing required by this paragraph. records are included, as iveil as the re of releasing a detectable level of vinyl (i) Where exercise of an opportunity quirement to furnish a copy of a medical chloride. requires entry to an area where the use NO. 92--Pt. I---- 10 FE0MAI MGISTM, VOL 29, NO. 92--FtlOAY, MAY 10. 1974 BOR 006993 16898 / PROPOSED RULES of protective clothing, equipment, fa cilities. or procedures is required, such clothing, equlpmgpfc-fecfUtlCB. end pro cedures shell bejsgwMirl to all persons entitled to eserrlsithr opportunity, at no cost to any of thOn (ill Persons exercising the opportu nity shall be instructed regarding: (A) The toxicity and fire hazard of vinyl chloride; and (B> The protective steps and measures necessary for their protection. (lit) Observers shall be permitted, without interference to the persons per forming the monitoring and measuring, to: (A) Observe all steps and procedures related to the collecting, processing, and evaluation of particular monitoring and measurement samples; (B> Record quantities and results obtained; (C) Observe the condition of monitor ing and measuring equipment: . <D) Receive a demonstration of the calibration and function tests of the monitoring and measuring equipment performed on site; and (E) Examine instructions and docu ments related to the procedures and equipment for monitoring and measur ing. (4) Accurate and complete records of all required monitoring shall' be made and maintained lor not less than 20 years. Such a record shall (1) state the date of such monitoring and the levels determined; and (ill identify the Instru ments and methods used. (f) Engineering controls and irorJcpractice methods. (1) Where detectable levels of vinvl chlorine are Te-ssnTCT immediate protection shaYibe provided analmt exposure to vinvl chloride hv the f-fianewtoR centrals. T.orfegracsce end respirators as follows: i'i? I cirible engineering controls and woikpraeuce methods shall'immediately be used to reduce airborne concentra te ,'ji c! vinyl chloride below the detect able level; (Jl> Wherever feasible controls--and worirnractice methods Which can he instituted iirrreWi; section; (ill) Wherever no feasible englneering control or workpractlce method can bo instituted immediately, immediate res piratory protection shall be provided in accordance with paragraph <g) of this section; and <lv) In any case covered by paragraph (f)(1) (ii) or (ill) of this section, the employer shall also undertake as soon as Practicable a program to reduce airborne concentrations of vinyl chloride below the deter.tahle level nt to the greatest extent feasible, solely by means of engi neering controls and workpractlce meth ods and aa soon as feasible. (2) There shall be tests made for process or equipment leaks and for emis sion of vinyl chloride which may result from wortpractlces. The frequency of these tests shall be such as to insure the integrity of equipment and adherence to proper wortpractlces. (g) Respiratory protection. (1) A res piratory protection nrwCT in accord ance with i 1910.134 shall be established and implemented where respirators 'are required to he used hv this section. (2) .Respirators shall be used only in cases of emergency and where required by any other provision of this section. Respirators may not be used In lien of fea.hle entripeering controls nr work- i) Respirators or combinations of respirators for protection against vinyl chloride shall be selected from among the following: (1) A positive pressure full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus; (ii) A pressure-demand full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus op erating in the pressure-demand mode; (ill) A combination type "C" pressuredemand full facepiece respirator oper ating in the pressure-demand mode and a pressure-demand self-contained breathing apparatus operating in the pressure-demand mode; or v) A combination type "C" continu ous flow respirator and a pressure- demand self-contained breathing ap paratus operating In the pressure-de mand mode. (h) Protective clothing. (1) Emt ettfttinK, ifftfatcd, areas tided full-bodv protective^ wear cost t______ while In the regulated area. <2) Where polyVlUyi chloride powder containing detectable levels of vinyl chloride is handled, employees shall also be: (I) Provided and required to wear headcoverlnes; (II) Required to remove all protective clothing at each exit from the regulated area; ana (ill) Required to shower after the last exit of the day. (3) Clean protective clothing shall be provided whenever contaminated or soiled, but not less frequently than weekly. Ccr.toxulnated clothing shall be decontaminated before reuse by removal for laundering or disposal. (1) Hygiene facilities and practices. (1) Where employees are required by this section to wear protective clothing and equipment, shall be provided in accordance with f 1910.141(C). (2) Where employees are required by this section to shower, shower facilities shall be provided in accordance with 11910.141(d) (3). (3) Storage or consumption of food or beverages, storage or use of smoking or non-food chewing products, and the storage or application of cosmetics are prohibited In regulated areas. (J) Emergency situations. (1) A Writ ten operational plan far amergenrv situations shall be developed for each regulated area. t2) in the event of an emergency, ap propriate portions of the plan shall be put into operation. (i) Hazardous conditions created by the emergency shall be eliminated and the affected area shall be decontami nated prior to the resumption of normal operations. til) Special medical surveillance by a physician shall be instituted within 24hours for employees present, in the af fected area at the time of the emergency, (iii) Where an employee has a tsiown contact with liquid vinyl chloride such employee shall be required to shower as soon as possible, HniTM contraindicated by physical injuries. (iv) An incident report on the emer gency shall he reported as required in paragraph (cj) .2) of this section. (3) Raeh authorized employee shall be trained In a program relating to the* 1 2 3 hamrria nt vfnvl nhlnriA. .rm tv.. tt^Ua^fariBfeii^e. program shall include; (A) The nature of the fire hazard, and the necessary protectivereteps; (B) The nature Of the toxic hazard, Including local and systemic effects, acute and chronic effects including specifically the carcinogenic hazard; (C) The specific nature of operations which could result in exposure to vinyl chloride, and necessary protective steps: (D) The purpose for and application of the medical surveillance program; (E) The purpose for and application of decontamination practices; (F) The purpose for and significance of emergency practices and procedures; (0) The employee's specific role under normal operating or emergency condi tions; (H) Specific information to aid the employee in recognition and evaluation of conditions and situations which may result In the release of vinyl chloride; (1) The purpose for and application of specific first aid procedures and prac tices; (J) A review of this standard at the employee's first training and indoctri nation program and annually thereafter. <ii) All materials relating to the pro gram shall be provided upon request to authorized representatives of the Assist ant Secretary and the Director. (k) Signs and labets. (I) ffntrsTifPs to regulated areas shall be posted with sums bearing the legend: CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT ARE.*. AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY (2) Areas containing operations cov ered in paragraph <k) (1) (4) of this sec tion shall be posted with signs bearing the legend: cancer-suspect agent in this area FULL IMPERVIOUS AIR-SUPPLIED EQUIP MENT REQUIRED AUTHORIZED PERSONNEL ONLY (3) Containers of waste or other ma terials contaminated with vinyl chloride shall be labeled: FEDERAL REGISTER. V L 3*, NO. VJ--FRIDAY, MAY 10, 1*74 BOR 006994 r * , -it. icy r r / .hall the pre- i j \ . and zard. izcts, zding 1:10ns \myl iieps: T.iion .ition pance t'-ires; ^nder ; -ndi- 'i the _ ation . may -;de: nation 1 prac- ?.t the doctri- eafter. Pro ust to 1 E 1 : : . :c-*rc `t 5 COV- ius secbearing -3 AREA I EQUIP- SLY her machloride t , 9 j j | I j t l VINYL CHLORIDE CONTAMINATED MATERIAL CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT DISPOSE Or OR DECONTAMINATE USINO AUTHORIZED PRXCEDURE3 <4) Containers of polyvinyl chloride containing detectable levels of vinyl chloride shall be labeled: POLYVINYL CHLORIDE CONTAINS VINYL CHLORIDE VINYL CHLORIDE 13 A CANCER-SUSPECT AGENT ABSORBED BY BREATHING AND through skin (5) Containers of vinyl chloride shall be labeled; VINYL CHLORIDE DANGER EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE GAS UNDER PRESSURE MAY POLYMERIZE WITH EXPLOSIVE FORCE POISON CANCER SUSPECT AGENT AND ANESTHETIC ABSORBED EY SHEATHING AND THROUGH SKIN (6) No statement dull -mcear on or near any required :icr., label or instruc tion- wKlchcon^rl.gb' oFrimacSlrom the alTert rf any reotiired warning-in formation 9r instruction. d) Maintenance and decontamina tion. (l) Emphasis shall be placed upon immediate clean up of spills, periodic in spection, prompt repair of equipment and leaks, and proper handling, storage and disposal or decontamination of materials to prevent airborne contamination and accidental skin contact with vinyl cidoride. Waste materials, equipment, and other sources of vinyl chloride m closed containers, may not be placed in areas of excessive temperature or sunliyh: since build-up of internal pressure mjy result in vuptv.re of the cor.'-urer, fire or explosion. r>> v,`i.-te resins or -.-.-Lis contaminated with v:n;-i c'z'.-r.tie he placed in closed coir,: o'-or z; posal or 'occontEniihU-.or.. t3> Appropriate procedures p''ill be developed and Implement e-z. for the de- ccniarnino.tion or disposal of all such waste material. til In maintenance or repair opera tions cn contaminated--systems or equ.pmciii. including vessel entry, etn- p'.-yees sr- used in such operations shall be a> provided with and required to Avar and use a whole-body air-supplied ."di impervious to vtnyl chloride, and a respirator in accontanca with paragraph < !> of this section; and <Ui required to s .or.er after removing protective equip ment. (5) Protective clothing and equipment shall be clean and dry for each use. iG) When vessels or piping systems are opened local exhaust ventilation shall be provided to remove the escaping vapor from all occupied areas. (7) (i) Vessels to be entered shall first be ventilated and monitored so that the concentration of vinyl chloride is reduced to a level within the protection factor capability of the protective equipment PROPOSED RULES (11) Whenvesselsaretobeentered.au piping to such vessel shall be: (A) Opened, blanked mid tagged; or <B) Where welded piping is in use, not less than 2 valves in series, which isolate the vessel from any other connection to such line, must be closed and secured. (lil) No employee shall enter a vessel, except when another employee properly trained and equipped for entry is pres ent and is observing the employee in the vessel. The observer shall have means for signalling for help in the event the employee experiences problems. Under such conditions, the observer shad sig nal for help, and shall not enter to assist tile employee until another person Is present to observe. (m) Transportation loading and un loading. (1) Facilities for the loading and unloading of vinyl chloride to and from rnntainers shall have transfer line and vapor-equalizing line equipped with vent connections. andJihall have an inert cas purging system Vent mid purge effluent shall be returned to a proc ess stream or flared in a safe location. (2) Procedures shall be developed and implemented for the transfer of vinyl chloride. Written copies of such proce dures shall be provided employees en gaged in such operations, and such em ployees shall be fully trained and re hearsed in all procedures. (3) Employees engaged in transfer op erations shaU be provided with and required to wear respirators in accord ance with paragraph <g) of this section. (n) Polymer handling operations. (1) Containers, of polyvinyl chloride releas ing detects his leva"! of vinyl rhi-rlde shall be opcened and .transferred only muter localI ftxlir.uAjftatilaUfln 55gn reduces the canrmnf vinyl ibioride below the detectaMeleveh (2' Hot operations, such as but not limited to milling, calendering and ex truding, which release detectable levels of vinyl chloride, shall be carried on only under local exhaust ventilation which reduces the concentration of vinyl chlo ride below the detectable level. <o) Medical surveillance. Not later than ------------------ 1974, a program of medical surveillance shall be Insti tuted, and shall provide each authorized employee with an opportunity for ex aminations in accordance with this para graph. All medical examinations and procedures shall be performed by or under the supervision of a licensed Doctor of Medicine <MD> or Doctor of Osteopathy (DO), All medical examina tions and tests shall be provided without cost to the employee, (1) At the time of initial employment, or upon institution of screening, a physi cal examination shall be performed with specific attention to detecting enlarge ment of liver or spleen by abdominal palpation. (2) At the time of initial employment or upon institution of screening, and an nually thereafter, a medical history checklist shall be completed by the em ployee. This list shall include questions concerning; 16899 (i) Alcohol intake; Ui> Past history of hepatitis: (ill) Past exposure to potential hepa- totoxic agents, including drugs and chemicals; (iv) Past history of blood transfu sions; and (v> Past history of hospitalizations. (3) At the time of initial employment, or upon institution of screening, a serum specimen shall be obtained for screening with respect to the following bio-chemi- cal determinations of liver function: (1) Total bilirubin; (ii) Alkaline phosphatase; (ill) Serum glutamic oxalacetic trans aminase (SGOT); Uv) Serum glutamic pyruvic trans aminase (SGPT); and (v) Gamma glustamyl transpeptidase (GGTP). (4) Additional tests that may option ally be considered for use in screening include: (i) Lactic dehydrogenase; (ii) Serum protein determinations: (hi) Serum protein electrophoresis; and ' *. (iv) Platelet count. (5) Laboratory analyses for all biologi cal specimens included in medical exam inations shall be performed in labora tories accredited by the College of American Pathologists or licensed under 43 CFR Part 74. r (8) If the results of scnenfcg required In paragraph (o) (3) of thla section are normal, screening shall be repeated: (i) Every six months for employees who have been employed In vinyl chlo ride related operations for 10 years or more; and (10 Annually for all other employees entering regulated areas. (7) If one or more liver function tests performed are abnormal, serum testing shall be repeated as soon as possible, preferably within two to four weeks. If no abnormalities are present upon re- screening, serum testing shall be re peated in three months. (8) If abnormalities persist upon re- screening, the employee shall-be with drawn from areas where contact with vinyl chloride is possible, and an individ ualized medical workshop shall be in stituted. Suggested as Initial steps are a complete physical examination and vari ous special procedures such as hepatitis B antigen determination and liver scan ning. If liver function abnormalities are determined to be unrelated to liver dis ease. the employee may be permitted to return to vinyl chloride-related employ ment, subject to Individual medical evaluation. (9) A complete and accurate record of the results of medical examinations shall be made and maintained for the dura tion of employment plus five years, or for 20 years, whichever Is longer. mi Rwvwig of monitor ing and measuring, medical records, and regulated area entry rosters and sum maries. shall be made available for ex amination and copying upon request to authorized representatives of the Assist ant Secretary and the Director. KbitAt MCISTM, VOL 3V, NO. 93--FtlOAY, MAT 10, 1974 BOR 006995 16900 PROPOSED RULES V (2) In the event that the employer (Sec*. (b), #<e), and 8(e). M Sttt. 1889, conservative limitation may no long?; ceases to do business and there Is no suc cessor to reeetso end retain bis records 1596. 1699 (39 U.6.C. 666. 667); Secretary oS Labor * Order No. 13-71 (36 PR 8754)) be applicable, the FAA has instituted a regulatory study project to reevaluct* tor the pn.iutha| period, these records Signed at Washington, D.C. this 6th the limitation. The study will Include th. tiiall be trsn^lHd by registered mail day of May, 1974. factors originally considered in ester- to the DlrecteK^sndeach employee indi- John Stendek. lishing the limitation as well as any oth* - vidually notUMS In writing of this Assistant`Secretory of Labor. factors found to be pertinent. Tho'-c transfer, (3) Employees and their designated [PR Doe.74-10748 Piled 6-6-74:8:45 am] factors originally considered include per tinent evacuation tests and demonstra representatives shall be provided access to examine and copy records of monitor DEPARTMENT OF tions, exterior slides, the number, loca tion, and size of aisles and passageway* ing and measuring. TRANSPORTATION and evacuation system reliability. (4) Former employees shall be pro vided acces to examine and copy records Federal Aviation Administration Data available to the FAA on m-sert Ice evacuations, slide deployments, arc reflecting their own exposures. [ 14 CFR Part 25 ] evacuation demonstrations indicate th..; (6) Upon written request of any em [Docket No. 13696; Notice 74-lb [ more than 100 passengers have bee-:: ployee. a copy of tlic medical record of such employee shall be furnished to a TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES evacuated through a Type A exit with;:. 90 seconds. Hie data further Indies;*- physician designated by the employee In Type A Passenger Emergency Exit Capacity that Type A exit systems may have such request. (q> Reports (liNot Inter than -- ------- - the following information shall be reported tn the OSHA Area Director. Any chance in such information shall be reported to the OSHA Area Director within 15 days of such change. (1) The address ana location of each establishment which has one or more regulated areas; and (ii) The number of employees in each regulated area during normal operations, including maintenance. (2) Incidents which result In the re lease of vinyl chloride into any area where employees may be exposed shall be reported in accordance with this para graph. (i) A report of the occurrence of the Incident and the facts obtainable at that time including a report on any medical treatment of affected employees shall be made within 24 hours to the OSHA Area Director. (il) A written report shall be filed with the OSHA Area Director within 15 calendar days thereafter and shall in- clude: (A) A specification of the amount of r. released; <; A description of the area Involved and the extent of known and potential employee exposure and area affected; (C> A report cn any medical treat ment of affected employees and any medical surveillance -program imple mented: and (D) An analysis of the circumstances of the Incident, and measures taken cr to be taken, with specific completion dates, to avoid further similar releases. (3) Upon completion of any monitoring and measuring which discloses that any employee has actually been exposed to detectable levels "erf vinyl chloride, each such employee shall be individually noti fied In writing. The notice shall: (1) Be delivered not later than 10 working days after completion of the The FAA Is considering rule making to revise the passenger seating configura tion limit that Is applicable to Type A exits on transport category airplanes. Sections 25.307(0 (2) and (3) of the Federal Aviation Regulations (FARs) currently provide that for each pair of Type A exits (consisting of one on each side of the fuselage) the airplane may have a maximum passenger seating con figuration of 100. This advance notice of proposed rule making is being issued In accordance with the FAA's policy for early Institu tion of public proceedings in actions re lated to rule making. An "advance" no tice is issued to invite early public par ticipation in the Identification and se lection of a course or alternate courses of action With respect to a particular rule making problem. Interested persons are Invited to par ticipate in the rule making by submitting such written data, views, or arguments as they may desire. Communications should identify the regulatory docket or notice number and be submitted In duplicate to: Federal Aviation Administration. Of fice of the Chief Counsel, Attention: Rules Do.ket, ACC-24,800 Independence Avenue, S'", Washington, D.C. 20591. Communications should be received on or before July 9, 1974, to assure proper consideration. All comments submitted will be available, both before and after the closing date for comments, for ex amination ty interested persons. The regulatory provisions relating to Type A Acts that are contained in J 25,807 of the Federal Aviation Regulations wore adopted by Amendment 25-15, ef fective OctoDer 24, 1967. That amend ment also established the provision, in 1 25.803(c). that manufacturers show by demonstration tnat the maximum seat ing capacity of an airplane having a ca pacity of more than 44 passengers can be evacuated to the ground within 90 seconds, under conditions prescribed in higher in-service reliability than was an ticipated at the time the limitation war established in the regulations. However, the FAA believes it Is important to re view all relevant data on safety and co.:t consldeqgiionalhat may be applicable, to Cny proposed change in the Type A &:i passenger seating limitation. To this end. the FAA solicits data, views, and argu ments from all interested persons on the questions set forth below. Data support ing an answer should be submitted or identified sufficiently thAt the FAA may obtain or develop It. 1. Do the data avallaUe on evacuation tests and in-service incidents that relate to the evacuation capacity of Type A exits under emergency conditions indi cate that the 100 passenger limitations may safely be increased? 2. What reliability has been demon strated for Type A exit systems by serv ice experience and tests? 3. What relationships may be estab lished between reliability and passenger emergency evacuation capability of Type A exits? 4. How would the emergency evacua tion capability of Type A exits be af fected by specific increases in passenger seating capacity and by specific passen ger seating configuration consideration-? 5. If there are other factors that should be considered, how should the rel evant data be related to the emergency evacuation capability of Type A exits? 6. If the commentator recommends specific passenger capacities for consid eration. what economic and safety bene fits or penalties would be associated with them? Issued in Washington, D.C., on May 2, 1974. C. R. Meixcin. Jr., Acting Director, Flight Standards Service, [FR Doc.74-10787 Piled 5-9-74:8:45 m|. monitoring and measuring; the regulation. As discussed in the pre (ii) State the actual exposure in terms amble to Amendment 25-15, the allow [14 CFR Part 39] of concentration and time; and able passenger seating limit of 100 that [Docket No. 74-NW-4-AD ] (ili) State the steps which have been taken, are being taken, and will be taken, with specific completion dates, to termi was established for each pair of Type A exists was less than the evacuation ca pacity that had been demonstrated by test. As a result of receiving data and AIRWORTHINESS DIRECTIVES Boeing Model 737-100/200 Series Airplanes nate the exposure and prevent a recur information tending to indicate that The Federal Aviation Administration rence. some of the considerations leading to the Is considering amending Part 39 of the FEDERAL RECISTER, V l. 39, NO. 9J---FRIDAY, MAY 10 1974 BOR 006996 r