Document KRn0JnZjk3N5395gov1Bj8yqr

National Safety News Published monthly in the interest of accident prevention and the health of industrial workers VOL. 32. No. 3 CONTENTS FOR SEPTEMBER, 1935 The 193 3 C'.ngr??.; Liiy ........................................ .11 H;i!i W;iy Me:i;urtj in Du?l Cnnirol--Arthur S. Johnson . 17 Thr i'river Has Hi' Trouble? -- flinrvj. Dmgas................................................ . 19 i- ........ Iile 'hii>ty Measure"--T. It". Osgood.............. \n A11 "uniani Analyzes Safety Savings--Stunify Pnnhr'dg- ................ ..................... .20 > \ dram! Rapid? Is Safely Conscious--Curtis Billings...................................................,.25 Kansa? Health Authorities Fight Accidents--Earlr G. Brrrxn. M. D........................ 27 Steps to Safety--Roy R. Randall........................................................................................29 (leaniii!- Exterior Walls of Buildings by Sandblasting or Steamblasting-- Industrial Data Sheet D-Gen. 12..................................................................................... 32 inc the Standard? of Industrial Medicine--.If. .V. Xarquist. M.D................... 34 hooking Toward the Congress...............................................................................................38 Hrmrntary Safeguarding I? Still Important ...3..........................................................58 And Sudden Death--J. Furnas .................................................................................. 66 Reaulat Departments ............. _...................... TV Mjrujuac DirectorPape Safety Exchange ................... Ir*lv\(rtal Health ............. .... ...... 11^* bulk-tin H*urd ._................... HrtM*uk ..................... ____ ') ____ 10 _..>0 __ M _ 4u ____ Tin: Safety Library --......... . ... The Accident Ban-neter -............ ...ISO (90 ....M "T . ."S ....Ml <-akua.\ T. Fish, Editor < t'wi :< Hu.linos. Associate Editor Stanley H. Kehshaw. Poster Editor C. H. MiLLUt, Advertising NQinager '-'iv- * it-1* I r*3C ly National Safety Council. Inc. Printed In LT.SS.A. Published monthly. mnri^r June 1. lJl. at the l*nt Little* at ChtcaK". III., undtr the ,,r March 3. 1S7S, Additional entry at St. Joseph. Mich. I, T'T "``crlption price to mimUer* for extra rople* of the NATIONAL NA FFTTY NF.WS U0 t**r yenr. Single Topics. 40 cent*. Reduced Quantity price* for v*arlv subsertpsingle copies on request. Subscriptions tn available only to nmben of th* National Safety Council. Member Audit Bureau of Circulation. Thi* la Indexed In the Industrial Aria Index. e,nVl,",,,*,,u opinion* advanced tn slimed article* are to be understood :i* individual -''idnit .f their authors, not those of the National Safety Council. National Safety Council, Inc. ' ( itr rn t > -- \ 4.tt C.Htunttrriul--,Vofi-Po/frins/ -- S>in~S<rcinr fin i 20 North Wicker Drive, Chicago, U. S. A. New York Office, 9 Eil AI tt Street Office of the Education Division. I Perl Avr New Yo#t CiKr National Safety Council Officers, 1934-1935 John C. Long. President. IIosmiT !. CaThn. Vice- President for l*ubii< '"sfety 0. D. Fcnnm.U Virr-Presid*nt fur Pub lic Relation* Law K. P4f.M ta. Vice-President fur Safety Cuuncdi .Uhut s. nM*u. Vice* President for Kiuiiiftr.nc C, W. Smith. Vicr-Pm dent ft*r Indus trial bnfetv ft. T. Sol S7T.N. Vlfe-IVrAiili'ill fnr Mcmbenli.n <La*X1L*S H. \\ fur I ten H I* M.P.. V i< --I'rL-Nidr nt Ai.blst W. Wiiitm.i. Vtvr-PreMdrnl fur Kducal hmi William 1-1 \Vr*Tn. Vi*c-PrcMl*nt fer I'inuJUc 3 lit I Tir:tMirrr \Y. II. CaMM**n. N*ftrl:ir> H>I me Mirrftur ' Executive Committee ' Members at Large Thc Amjvx Urnoji* and: A. L .tAMnwhC. K*ttmsn Kod*k Co. T. rt. Cajjlow. Safety Section. Associa- tJou of Ainericaiit Hi*CMuds J. E. CviliNir. Ilrthlrhem Steel Corp. Hajuit riuicscjrr. The Ihillman Co. Ct. T. HtLLXiTii. Cli can North Short and Milwaukee l.a Irnad t.ii. Tnokas P. Kr.uiM, Industrial Commit- slWi if OUUj Tmomu H_ Mauc1>inalo. L*. S. Bureau of Public Roads ------------- EsWaas J. McJtaax. Portland Cement Association Hamlb L MrNf*. K. !. diiH*nt dr Ne mours A O*. 4 C.toacx E. 5vannwB. *:cn**rai Electric Co. ILuukT A. Semin. Lotted SbHe*'? Vrri Corp. Safety Council Representatives Clajulmcx P. T*vu. MAiiaehuiettk Safety Council \V*LTt* UtNT Smith. IMawarr Safely OHJnril C. K. \\Virfn IVnt^vIvgtiii* Safety Ohiiw*:! 1` l. !>. KlNM.ll.. Haiiw* .itv SMrl' (iNiueil HimmSiT Si.II MITT. l.'Hiiwillr Safety Ovunrll IL H. FmsTrt.x, lrhiali Valley Safely (aancil Kiunkun M. Km.mi.. Kvunitmi Safety Owiiril Sectional Representatives fUrr. K. W. Kmas. Ja.. MarimF. \V. llaaCN. Wood Products Hamoco C. Hottman. Slrrrt and lli*h- way Traffic Muu C. Haul. Aulumotlrr and Machine* Shevf> 1. W. .Mnjutan. Accident l*rrvetHt<ui EQuipnwnt Manufsclurer^ li. SavMor*. AcrnuaulicMl J. A. Vnu, MeUli Past Presidents Hocdit \V. (amthkii. Astkv* T. Maaicv U* H. Palma Dane Van S*.maak* Rajlt* C. HirJtaao** Cmajilxjl P. Tolmah a anew II. Yovhq Maacvi A. I>omLewis A. Dt.IIujin Casl It. Chaslxx !l. Scott Walt> if. Kinc. Homtji 1*1 Ni:u* I.T.rCuL. Hcnsv A. MrsiNcra C. Eicenl ISttimxf. Cxmi \V. Itrjx^iHNT JaMLV I. |t A N AMI Honorary Members AHinsaoOi.TTAnWo.K IOmchiu nr son A Stlcl F.i.r. tsical Enuikmm* No Half Way Measures in By ARTHUR S. JOHNSON in ihr Mu:t0grf. r.itutttemntf llr/writumi. \ turnout Multitii l.mtnhtu lmnrttn,< O ("ONTRUI. it~ dust nazard to Tt!i<- extent hi nukin'.' [he occur rence ol pneunioconio-bs irr.proh- 'i::siry must do much mure th.in Dust control is not an event; it is a program that requires concentrated day-to-day attention lui - ii.mn ai iiu-1 removal equipment up: ' it :11'.z. U ith it linre imi-i Ik.i routine oi cheek and double .link, perhaps whole new operating practices and a sharp definition of reqmiisibilities. This all boils down to day-to-day attention to a program de-iciied upon a long range health con servation policy. Half-way measures un related to each other won t work. Xor i> this a "done once, done forever-' -n-tr. Dust control is not an event, it ogr.mi that never finishes. r..pcn? -iocm to be in rather general agreement about lour grades of pneuiisc.iiiiosis hazard. First, quartz caus ing real ,-ilicosis. a -erious soliilification a tac mass of the lungs Uv librusis or growth of xar tissue. It takes years to ivi -;.,r:n! but once started is progres-: . .-.dition which will ivl stop and annul U- cured. After ex|*surc ol 15. ' 25 years, men in certain trades ac umtilate this fibrosis of the lungs which h'ssens iheir captivity for physical lalxir. It makes them short of breath and laust-s certain well - defined clinical symptoms. X-rays of their chests show cHaractcri-iie shadows. A few of those rn,'n die a a direct result of this contli- al [o the amount of silica in the air breathed. A new rat of ho|K- lies in some fairly good evidence that there may be mixed dusts in which such efusi as limestone, gypsum, coal, hematite, clay or cement dilute the silica hazard and produce less physiological reaction than the silica content operating as pure quartz alone. A second group of dusts produces somewhat the same clinical picture as silicosis in its early stages, yet the x-ray of the chest shows the shadows pretty much confined to the lymph ducts. The damage appears not to be so serious as silicosis in many ways, particularly in that it is not progressive nor does it predis|x>se to tuberculosis. The dusts pro ducing it certainly should lie classified as alisorptivc anil therefore hnrmiul al though not in the same category a* quartz. There is no question hut that lessened lung capacity results from them after long enough exposure but it cer tainly takes more dust and more time to lower capacity for work. Asbestosis falls in this group and apparently similar con ditions develop from exposure to- ex cesses of many mineral dusts relatively not produce disabling lung paihologv. yet we are faced with ''- facts of claims prosecuted successh Quantile of dust, rather than qi was doubtless responsible for any ill health. Some state regulation.? require dust exhaust machinery on some alterations. We must, tbereiore. include for control some dusts which bv nature mav not ! harm ful. ' ` ** Our fourth grade of hazard i- tuber culosis. Tuberculosis is a disease caused by a germ, and pnai:;:i:!y more useful work has iieen done to control this disease than almost any other. From lime immemorial the dusty trades which we now speak of as having a silicosis hazard were always among the danger s|m(s for ttilK-rcttlosis. What we now know is this: that siliorsis makes a first class place for tuH-rculosis to thrive in and kill the (tat lent off much earlier than would silicosis alone. < Ipinioti seems VO lx* that perhaps simple -ilicosi? un complicated by tttlx-rculosis may seldom l>c fatal, but shortens the working life of the victim just as angina, arterio sclerosis, and such degenerative diseases do. Mi. Althou-an few of them have their physical cajjacity to work lessened even m la or 20 years. there may l>e actual low in free silica content. Inert Dusts On the other hand, we may expect from tuberculosis one of two things: first, a man brings tuberculosis, no mat ter how dormant it may be. into a dusty impairment which predisposes them A third group of mineral dusts may trade, hr may reactivate the tuberculosis 10 Utiierculosis. The cause of this sili- '"'is U silica. a? free quartz, not com- `inrd with other elements in the form of v dot the quartz as found free in o>d in iis purest natural form as I _ miner. 'The studies made of '"artv ,,i zilicosis and the exf*<surr< ^ hir h `ni-, ,! ihrm in [lie rock indus- tries 'oid " r i n< i i n u industries, fire- brick niakma, etc., have shown that the lie harmless in reasonable quantities. The result of work by some investigators which has been published recently indi cate clay. talc, emery and carliorundum dusts to be inert. In some animal ex|verinientation these dusts did not pro duce fibrosis. ("uttrarily. there have I teen claims fur disability trout worker? who alleged that the exposure to these same dusts caused their ailments. Ex and have his case diagnosed as "aggra vated by" the dust: or second, by get ting simple silicosis or [terhaps other pneumoconiosis, and then contracting tulterculnsis from tubercular associates either at work or elsewhere, die of tuber id*?i-- -ii|KTiiiif-i-ed on -ilicosis. I'ulteritilusi- .ic-ocialed with silicosis does nol resjtond w.1! tn treatment. Regardless of the fact that tuberculosis is an infec "Ji3rd is silica and that it is proportion- perts state that these dusts generally do tive disease not necessarily occupation- 18 .il. we must face this fact, that tubercu- loading a cubic foot. This means that himi is so often the disabling result of it it is found necessary to exhaust the Just e\p"'urc. that dust control must dust at its point of origin so that that include tuberculosis control at the same which gets into the breathing zone of time. the workers will be 5 or fewer million invisible motes in each foot of space, we Measuring the Hazard haven t begun when we get out only the Summarizing, we have three dust haz ards; fl) quartz, which produces true silicosis -- a progressive, lung-disabling visible dirt. We are confronted with the astounding fact that the health hazard has not been touched, even though an exhaust is 93 per cent efficient in terms disease: (2) some dusts which produce of the weight of dust. If we cannot vis a pathology uhich usually is not serious and is nut progressive after exposure stops, yet a pneumoconiosis none the less, and (.!) some dusts which para ualize such an invisible hazard, it at least, warns us not to throw together soinejin ducts, motors and fans, and cad it dust control. doxically are probably relatively harm less. yet have !>een the claimed basis for tuberculous ,ind other disabilities. In the absence uf adequate diagnoses, occu Returning to our main theme, let me repeat 5 million particles per cubic foot :is the bench mark for quartz dust, >ince the hazard is in proportion to quartz, pational histories and a more satisfac tory method of ad indicating ims than prosecution at common lc we must conclude that it i? necess.. . .0 find a practical method lor controlling all min eral dusts. Let us now see whether it is necessary to give them all the same de gree of control. the less quartz the less danger, or con versely. the less quartz the more (Just may be permitted. .Vow. is there a top limit of (lustiness which, regardless oi quartz content, might be considered a maximum above which nothing would be safe, and up to which only the inert or so-called "safe" dust might go? It We have learned that the silicosis haz ard is measured hy the amount of silica in the air breather!. This means that with but few exceptions it is directly seems to be pretty well agreed among the investigators that there is a top limit and this figure, or second threshold limit, is 100 million particles. In other proportional to the amount of dust in the air and the percentage^ silica that is in the dust. The studieswhich have established the safe limit, or tolerance, or threshold limit tor continuous expo words, no matter what the dust is, it's dangerous if the concentration is greater than 100 million particles per cubic toot. In between these limits must lie the points of safety which take the propor sure without deleterious effect, have ar-. tion of silica into account. rived at 5 million particles of quartz dust per cubic foot of air, none oflwhich 1 Standards for Oust Tolerance particles, therefore, are so small as to thwart imaginatior.. As one looks across a dusty room and xcs K(ci gobs ,* dir; treating in the air, settling out rather rapidly, or being blown around by draft currents, he is told that 'hat is ant tlu* oust we are talking about. The Linger lies in such tiny particles that they could be run be tween the Searing and the shaft of a very fine machine and not touch, for a micron is roughls .OC004 of an inch, l-'ive particles of sand, each piece so (mail i< 11 ih- '' t*nn ivv .02 <*f an ineh at What is the practical answer? A tabic of dust tolerances such as is contained in some slate regulations does wdl enough, and in them we find a general agreement but with some variation. In principle most such tables show 5 to 20 million particles as the limits where the quartz content of the dust runs from 100 per cent down <0 30 or 35 per cent re spectively. To use these tolerances which arp based noon percentages of silica, both chcmicai and petrographic analyses of the dust must be made to get reasonable estimates of the silica. The sampling and analyses are both very dif ficult and expensive. It is doubtful if the settled out dust represents the haz ard. and thr raw materia! certainly does not. Also much evidence indicates that petrographic analyses of the smaller <!/ s V impossible. It Jcenis !> me that. things by arbitrary standards. 1. D(|M( wlucU ire known (o hr i.., . quart*. 50 Cu 100 p<r cent, which repiAf the \and>. and sand stones which are . molding operations, sand blasting ,,pv, , ahranvc pulverizing, gamster brick other >uch operation*, can well be grmp^ . a limit ot 5 million particles. 2. Dusts which come from the harj .,<v u*ed m the building and monumental which run*)0 to 50 per cent quartz and mixed foundry which starred with -0 V0 per ant quart* in the sand but luv^ Jdutcd hy- tremendous quantities ot >m.-k-. <rvj lime *r phw*ph-Ue parting that ;!u . hrcjilied is often than 50 per ecur . a practical safe limit for them appear* ... v (0 million particles. a. For the *h.We great range of dux* ,,.0 as talc or day of emery, which contain tif-!rr no quartz or onlv a 5 or 8 per cent intp,,f f*r wlmh i ixl million particle^ is j no v. hv-csievkvl dead line. I .!<tih( th.n v a/T*r,l ( rjlc ilunuA .uui N.- s.if iXit.,1 * Control uhich Snogs flic'c dust* do* n <...... . 10'* million particle*. I have often sow.-,,.. 15 million hut lva\e Seen jCCum.\1 <: . ruln.ulou* hcCauN*.- that ligurv i< cefta:' - in arithmetic.a! proportion to the* *il*<. tent. Vet. we are faced with thi\ diU:-., supp"*>e *r pick 5t) r millioa pu.;,v.0 install a Ju>t control pr<cdure and fimi n d* cmir>c of a number of years* operation tha* we >till get Jisahlinp results. No du>( c*rt:r** that I know* of has actually demonstrated :h-: 15. or V) r 100 million residue is vati.tfucnrr. It tnjv he necessary, therefore, to <kip a k-r- ance for that type of dust except to :b_.i when it is orer 100 million it must be a.LccJ H* Tver, get the Just down as lo-v * n rcJMwuhlr practicable. jnd 15 nnili. .d! ionics rca<^,nahic to me. VYe now understand in general termwhat dusts, how much, and of what sizes constitute health hazard;. Vou have a plant in which you suspect a hai arrl. l.et u> rxamine what can balmut it to evaluate your particular 'v ditions. Dust control is so expend-should not guess at the hazard, if . ,,ur dust ha; a lot oi quartz in it. m*c:; foundry molding sand, gnnister. gate for hre brick, granite, sand -m* for tool grinding, etc., there ;:> a ht.-h" hazard. If you can see the dud, >l-J know it to be a terrific hazard. If is settlement on ledges there is a You can save yourself the bother of Hid ing out the exact quality of toxic::;- -p`l proceed at once to put the du;t ",,cf control. Your problem lies in thr - ^ 10 million limit group. If, on the other hand, you have mixrd dusti of low silica conirni doubtful hazard, before buying control machinery you want to t>ni; what the hazard is and how much. 1 f fir-o (bought would be to tak- " 43 Dust Control (Continued from ?a;c iS) counts, make analyses and rely upon be made only by physicians who arc those hndinys. I have said that I doubt qualified to interpret x-rays and who the value of analyses. They may prove have training and wide experience in the to be the only practical methods, but diagnosis of respiratory ailments. they certainly are not as good criteria as The periodic examination is an indis tu know whether the dust is harmful, pensable preventive measure which en and some moderate quantities under ables the physician to detect diseases of Mispicion may be site. U'c .ire, there the lungs in their early stages and at a fore, very anxious from a practical tirfle when removal of the worker from standpoint i<> determine whether ottr the-dust offers hope of recovery or im dust is really dangerous or not. This provement. In addition, the repeated -vents to me to he a tremendously im routine medical examinations furnish a portant poult, for it certain dusts are valuable means of determining the effec not danger. .u>, thv atmospheres contain tiveness of dust control measures. ing them should out require such clean While it would seem desirable to ex -weeping a- though thv quartz content amine present employees to discover were there alone. cases with active tuberculosis, in order Our prevail knowledge ol pneumo to assure proper treatment and prevent coniosis is -i lituvied, and es|>ecially uur their spreading infection, this procedure knuwlcdgc of these minor dusts, that we is likely to stir, up claims or misunder do not know definitely which are bad standings on the part of the workmen. and which are not. Good medical Such examinations, if made, should be records of old employees, which records used pnly for rehabilitation purposes. would show the incidence of pneumonia, tuberculosis, etc., would be helpful. Equipment for Dust Counts X-ray of employees with 20 years or more exposure would be most useful, but "t' danger from inexpert diagnosis on the one hand, and misuse oi the informa tion on the other, makes'fcxaminaiion of employees for this purpose something to be avoided. I urge that more satisfac tory yardsticks for evaluating this haz ard be found, and the recent and current toxicity studies hold some hojfc for an answer. In the meantime, it is necessiry to as sume that all mineral dusts contain some health hazard and put them all un der control, and rely upoa the low quartz eminent of the material producing the dust to locate it in the third or least harmful bracket. It may he well to cunsider medical ex amination- a dust control measure. It is recommended that new employees for dttifv places f>e found physically fit in order to avoid introducing men whose condition makes them liable to an early break down on account of defects or diseases already present, or who may in fect others by spreading disease. Proper diagnosis of such physical condiiioe.s can only be accomplished by having a medic il examination with xr:-.v> ot the chest, including as complete , ,n, .be d mil employment history ot . -,,. i . Our problem now is to suppress the dust to a safe limit. That implies its re moval at the source by mechanical ex haust. That implies counting the dust to begin with in order to have some basis for designing the equipment, and re counting to know that the equipment is working satisfactorily. The impinger or standard method is complicated, slow, expensive and poor for routine checking although it must be used as a standard for calibration. We, therefore, want a simple method, one that somebody not an industrial health expert can use sat isfactorily. Zeiss Konimeter is a satis factory instrument in the hands of the nun who has had some training. The in strument is imported, is rather difficult to obtain, and not too expensive, under $200, I believe. Another instrument is the Owens Jet which has been modified by Mr. Matcn of Harvard and Mr. Thompson associ ated with me in the American Mutual to make its operation simpler and more sat isfactory. This apparatus was built specifically for use in checking the dust control apparatus in a large granite shed, and is entirely satisfactory. Up to the present time f do not know that any instnnnrn' maker has undertaken to .. i| '.III . erl.iinlv ,i .lein.intl a reasonable price. There is also a vcrv ingenious continuous dust sampling -n', counting apparatus for keeping ;l c.m. tinuous count of the dust in a room -Jn. der exhaust and it can be so arrange.' -< to control the ventilating exhjumechanism, turn on more as needed turn it off when the satisfactory conn,, tions have been reached. This has beedesigned and built by Mr. Hazard are Mr. Philip Drinker of Harvard and .. far as I know, is still a laboratorv piece I see nothing impracticable almui however, and for a large dust com ml ;n. stailation I would expect it to be a.- u* ful as the automatic carbon motv'vndetector and control mechanism in ;h. Holland tunnel. There are practical dust suppression mechanisms-for sand blasting, tumi.iirg grinding, mixing, bagging, drilling. _brs sive grinding, dry pan mixing nd al most every type oi localized r. generating dusts. They arr ------ unless well-designed. They are im, .ten ineffective because, as I said be in re. they don't begin to touch the heaiir. hazard until they have got rid of must of the dust, which is the best they can do. They wear out due to the abrasive action of the dust. They cost a lot uf money, and the cost usually cannot U justified on the grounds of improved work efficiency or quality of product. Occasional installations will lx- -elf supporting. The Kelly trap on roc- drilling has been demonstrated to in crease the cost per foot drilled but ha- increased the drilling rate sufficiently to offset the cost. Also in the cx-r of air-conditioned rooms in which por celain enamel is sprayed, the ex(wnivr air conditioning system can lx- ruck- to control the dust and at thi time be made economically 54.1111'-. lb- reason of an improved quality enameled surface. Xo doubt there nr-, many installations which have jlrcnd demonstrated economy Iron other c"" siderations than improvement to hcai'-- The point I wish to make is '.nut improvement to health is too import-1- to waste time trying to justify haust equipment upon econoniiv 1 erations. Where operations are ?Pfe." out over a great area, as in the c-5* 11 foundries, it is difficult to avoid ran*" dust in the shakeout operation.except - expensive mechanical installations. of those which have come to my tion have been installed fur the a"n'-,r purjiose of sand handling and m " >urh wvrv f;ir Sr-'Cn "-f|' ' .` -.iimi (i>ii i.jjll iij.Mil bill iiii v <!u not touch the nucrugrams. Let us now look further to see whether sonic other remedies will be satisfactory, suppose we leave the hazard alone and put respirators on the men. It won't iork. except for very short periods or fur emergency work, such as cleaning nui iliist arresters or loading tumbling lurrels. There should be no question jIn.ui efficient respirators because the \'r.i'rt'.es Bureau cf Mines Is now J prqvared to make tests and an employer | .an jusi'h-obly limit his purchase to res- j lrator? which meet these tests. Even j though respirators may be efficient, they | arc uncomfortable, and while it is not a j iij i. r,H.u* *4/** ****** hardship for a man to wear a respirator | lenipurarily. or even for a week perhaps | iIi.tiiiu a period ol breakdown in the riusi j e\!i i-ystem. I cannm conceive of I Happy Feet iv.irkaa u remaining conti-ntol it they | haii- to near respirators continuously It lias often lioon uid tbit a man is for a long period. If they need to wear no bettor than hi* feet. Mangled, ihom and don't wear them properly they bruised, bre en or smashed Toes might just as well not have them on at and feet not only tike a man off ill. tbe job, but ooct real money in In operations which can be confined compensation, medical and other in n limited space, such as sand blasting and perhaps shaking out some ty|w* of castings, the workers can be~enta">i in helmets provided with an adequate sup- of clean air. The air-line hdmet is direct and indirect costs. In ad dition tnch injnriea reduce the morale of fellow workmen and alow down production. , actical for continuous use. while a filter respirator is practical for only limited periods. If the dust is extremely hnvy. say 300 million particles of i|ii:nu. :md a respirator is 93 peT cent niVirn!. the worker is still breathing six mil!i..r purticlcs. which is too much. Think ..f respirators preferably to suppb-meni exhaust systems. lou can protect your workers" feet by insisting they wean Lehigh Safety Shoe* with the improved loci box safely toe. Their feel will hr happy feet, protected agaiii.-l injury and further--F^high Shooare built for comforl, durahilitv ami appearance. . EVERY-DAY WORK SHOES A'o* &S9 -- Black Elk Bluche r, Leather Sole and Rubber Heel. iW -- Ai Ahovf, Exctpt Chrome Leather Middle Sole. Army Grid Rubber Sole and Rub* her HeeL What else can we do to get rid of the Slid 3*12 EH dust hazard? The first tc suggest itself to get rid of the silica content in the LEHIGH SAFETY SHOE CO.dust. I know of one group of foundries *hich is conducting extensive research involving the use of molding sands that 31 S. SEVENTH ST. ALLENTOWN, PA. arc tree of quartz. That may prove to be ' thoroughly practical and is a step in the fight direction. Any plant can study its operations to see whether the quartz ma'enal that is being used can be elimi- FERALUN Jlnti'-Stip Treads .4ls/> llrunz/ttun. .4lttntnlttn njied. Castings in some cases can be cleaned with water. Blasting can be clone frequently with steel grit instead of ^nd. Certainly foundries can use silica^rff parting compound that is just as t0fi a> quartz dust. Silica packing 'id l>e replaced in annealing operaI'ulverized quartz is not needed j . PREVENT ACCIDENTS ! ON STAIRS and FLOORS | A hard 8ica1 macrix iato which is cart an abraaive neat in | hardneaa to the diamond aaaure* durability and *nci**lip 1 efficiency* ! ALL ARE FIREPROOF j OrifinAtors and developer* of Abraiive mctali for | SAFE WALKWAYS an abrasive. This is one avenue of cntr.,i which should have thorough sbJdv in cuch individual case. Even though you get rid of quartz Specify Fcralun am! [{< Surf AMERICAN ABRASIVE METALS CO. Irrington. New Jersey ^1`TF.MBER, 1935 If) Reasons why 17 GRD-CDjRDS are Jai 1. Gro-Corti and Raw-Cord Solo and HccU containa approxi- macaiy 70% native cotton. 2. Th Cotton i# twisted into tough cords to increase wear. 3. Cords are placed in the toll ON-END to prevent slipping. 4 Non-Slip features relieve leg strain. 65.. The high percentage of cotton resists heat and cold. CORD-ON-END giv cushion COMFORT to the feet. GRO-CORD and RAW-CORD soles and h^tlt art used in dairies, iron and steel foundries, railroad shops, auto factories, (as and tiee* trie plantst ice and fuel stations, stone quarries, mines, (eneral warehouses -- where Safety it an important factor. 9 Fie .ibiliry and ease in walking. 8 NON-SLIP adds confidence and efficiency to the wearer. GRO-CORDS and RAW CORDS guard againat lost time 9x accidents from slipping. Safe workers are efficient work 10. ers and are in demand. Now--before you have an accident is the time to purchase shoes that bare GROCORD or RAW-CORD soles and heels on them. Your work will be more pleasant * because of this added safety. <> s*<* our exfubfc'at 24th Annual Safety Congress and Exposition nuut'H NO. ie,*bruwn Hotel. Louisville. Ky.. October 14-1$, 1JJS. The Lima Cord Sole & Heel Co., Dept. 7*F, Lima, O. F**4r hsimt fcr fmeo-hr Ufn'mut WB 9a PhmwM NON-SLIP S H EELS Rubberized Fabric Link Mat This Non-dip Safety Mat is especially designed for industrial use where there is a slip hazard. In addition, they increase the workers' efficiency as they reduce fatigue brought on by stand ing on concrete, brick, tile or hard flooring. Ideal for placing in front of machines and where wet conditions exist. Heavy galvanized wire with cadmium plated clips and plates are used to prevent rust. Furnished in sizes to meet your require ments. Low in cost and long wearing. Write today for prices and complete information. THE BUXBAUM COMPANY Akron, Okie but cannot get rid of ail dust, see you can do about getting rid of excess^ of it by conducting operations in such : manner as to minimize the raisin? , . dust. Explore your process, for insunc. and see how much residua] dust lif5 0. the horizontal beams, ledges, etc. [ some plants that have not been cleans for a long time this dust has been iouro to lie at the angle of repose and the si. bration of a passing truck would liberal enough dust in the air to be of itself I serious hazard. This can be got rid 0i by a thoroughly practical means. :,JC. as vacuum cleaning or blowing with a jet of wet air or steam. Kespirators are satisfactory for the protection of men doing the cleaning. There is an economic value in this item. It has been reported bv ;ortv plants which have improved their house keeping by this method and have gone ; step farther and brightened up the r factory rooms with paint and adequate lighting that other accidents have item reduced and work efficiently increa*m. Certainly an extremely dusty place indi cates sloppy housekeeping. Houseciraning must be put on a periodic routine. Dry processes will sometimes admit of being changed to wet processes, or damn processes.- While dampness will not tar dust, moisture in the process will pre vent the generation of dust in many cases. Care must be exercised in inter preting this suggestion because water oa a high speed grinding wheel does nc prevent the dust. One of the most ferr ous silica health hazards is wet grinding on natural sand stone wheels. The inci dence to tuberculosis is high. Water on artificial emery and carborundum wherLmay or may not be beneficial. It is per mitted in lieu of dust exhaust in ,u It3-' one state, but we are faced with >`v opinion that these dusts are bunnies3 anyway, unless the volume is high. 1:! worth depends upon getting the dust well below 100 million particles. Having done all the housekeeping re process improvement that can be dev'.-ein lieu of exhaust, we are omironiewith the question of whether there remains dust in sufficient quant'1 \ " some processes to make it nece;.-.i''>' o remove it by mechanical exhaust. counts will tell the answer. Hand "l*1'2' tions, such as molding, can be d>>iy without raising much dust. Most nh chanical operations which use or -tr* ate dust must be exhausted. It sevn"> evitable that exhaust be used ><" -'ari slingers. rock crushers, dry p:m~ :'-L- Assumi.n'-' that we have out . e<- "`I Ucslyucvl, uhal mtjsi be-done 10 make it wrk? I have yjd that they wear out. You must put dust counts on a routine basis as a check f the efficiency of the system. Whether 0u use the Zeiss or the Owens' or the mpinger doesn't matter. The system must be explored constantly for leaks, the dust traps must be cleaned regularly, jnd the dust disposed of so that it won't lu-uw bed: the building. If the de sign contemplates returning the cleaned to the building, extremely careful checking of it must be done in order that .he hazard may not be compounded. It is poor practice to return the air to the building because operation is so often badlv maintained. W ho is responsible for a dust control program? The owners, through the man agement. are responsible for the provi sion of the equipment and the proper engineering to produce it. They have to spend the money and it is management's responsibility to see that it is spent properly. The initiative and the engi neering necessary to control the dust rest entirely with the management. It is not a hazard which can be controlled by* efficient supervision and safe practices *ne. /he supervisory department is re sponsible for the housekeeping, safe practices and shop methods. Some as signed members of the supervisory derurtment are responsible for the main tenance- and operation of .the dust re moval equipment and for the dust counts used as a check on the system. If there ever was a nice machine re quiring constant tuning, it is a dust re moval system. It won't work without this attention. The workers carry a responsibility too. They must use the safeguards pro vided. whether they be respirators or ponal.Ie hoods to place behind hand tool?. They must not stuff bags into ducts tu stop drafts. Dust control is a cooperative thing--each division carrymS its share of responsibility. Nobody a" avojd his responsibility and make the thing work. A Correction Through an error in the caption ac'anying the illustration on page 11 ie August National Safety News. Wrnl |> yjoan. Jr., president of GcntTa` Motors Corporation, was referred lo as vice-president of the corporation. SEpTKMBER. 1935 i m m Out of the Way Places W hen you mike your next plant inspection, be sure to notice those more or less out-of-theway drive belts, motors, shafting or other equipment that should be guarded, but that have been neglected.due to their location. It is a good policy to"protect every hazard even though the chance of accident is seemingly small. It is real economy to protect rour workers from possible injury and it is Safety Guard 'Economy when you do so with H i K Guard Accessories. They are furnished rcadv for easv and quick assembly by your handy man in his spare time. All H&K Ctumrd A ccettoriet ere der inspec tion MrviVr of Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. Harrinqton & Kjnc1 I Perforating I 'Co. 114 Liberty St. NEW YORK.' X. V. 5645 Fillmore St. CHICAGO, ILL. USE a UNION or COLUMBIA CARBOY INCLINATOR for tile SAFE and EASY way lo pour acids and chemicals from carboys or small and medium size drums. A tried - and - proved device attractively priced. Sold on money-hack guarantee. Send for a completely illus trated and de-criptiv,- bulle tin giving lull particular- and price-. THE INCLINATOR COMPANY-p.o. box jm-minneapou*. minn.