Document KRVJeYxZQYNDD2XqNJwzRqVGx

Asbestos as a Hazard to Health ' Fact MkLSpwditin ^ w. cm cm. m My, cm A RESURGENCE Mmt in tfai m> baatoato No ona dilutee a nuwanddki batM ntamh as wniraunwntal hoards to mlitinrwhlp hare; bat wn arm *iQ defidm* In oar knowledge at palhoganaria world pndudin at aabatos. Heasivo ht- Are all forma at aabratoo equally baxaid- d MBodotioao betwean hIihW oaa? lba eridanoa it again* thin Cbryao- tila dlsappaam moat readily from (ha bam mtHniaM wcondy, the dwncrwtiw than other forma and in animala mbb to ba tte af wfeitooc or adiaMoid bodtoa in pew- laaa ftropnir, The prominent* d plaoral nWittotoi varies boot ataa to arm and type to turn *br tiampla, in Tbiland, Ba in dwyaotila, erondoUin, wnoarta, and an? nio* baa ir Mtf reported a iwrirw at thophyilite, with towndita and ectinoiitn OQOjOOO d nay films which *x>w that bwng <d axtodwsbty 1m importance. 11m to oocantanaa wfana anthaphyUito adnaB am properties of than nrioai fibrous mhwraia located, ap to 9% at On toanad piaunl bam lad to an aatnanUnaiy witty at vmm, miriftcartcrw, wbwaaa in other patta of Baat m that world prododiott baa inaaaaad tan a law tbownni torn in 1900, to LI milllnn man tha prowelaoca wm tonijr^lWt pat tana to I960, to omr Xfi mflUon tacain 196&. thousand. Nothing comparable to tide baa Ovar 90% at this to chryeotfla. Ha Unitad Slito mb ihnnt ona tooth at world doctian, prarttorUy all imported ban Cana ralataa to ba pewrantion by fartwetrial hy- da* Africa.* gtow. la it tna tba* ail that 1> aaadad is tha application at currantly racenunandad standards for dn* control? Moat paopto who imam loobad into tha baaia for tba . lb* fir* facts to ba dtoanaad win ba pramnt thiatoold limit nhn of 5 million (boss routing to- aabadns peaucDOcocicsh, partldm par cable foot tor sdirotos, which the disease that baa tana to ba known aa an* has bans incammandad by tha Amariean Coafeenoe at GovnramanUl Industrial Hy- gtontots (ACGIH) ainca 1944, raaliaa that it rarta on hakbr evidence than moat. Midgat at f to* laaptogai aampUng aaad in datannining duM conoanUatiane btdoda all dints; and tha MilM. tobmfiw rrntlining dost that ia counted is ItoptMt iwM te Me* W PsMta Hmhfc. tori Vmw >UII. UMrwWiy at CWMwata. flwhilw mainly grains, although, nudy, aocna Oban tom (fir. cupif>. aca indodad. A larga proportion at nhadoa Arak gmrtrm HaaHh--Vel a, Sapt 19*7 THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF |5pG INDUSTRIES,'INC. DID NOT COME FROM. IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED BY PPG INDUSTRIES. INC.  * i . AM*tarc*i*-cobfM 1 at the light il lm Ml thrt the dM pratfctaa par gabta foot (mppcf) atwuld oon* Ml MMk lU|MI k bsatnnhra to damtop that thk k not true. la MS, Welle* reported brkfly as hk obearvetione m 10 yaam ta akatai toatlka. Hk view wee that uitipiytag overage Mink by ywi at aa* prauia provided a geed rough guida and that altar 80* to 8(h<nppaf yaara ki began la dtowevkkocoaf tawtak At (ha ttmhoid limit value (TVL), thk would ba raachad k 10 to 13 ymi la 1986, Tank examined liwnlatlng workera la a Now England dilp* road Utal'lMd baM survmad br Plskchra ta at* SO yuan earlier, Hk pnUodaaiy iraulte tadkata that oaodktam and oounta now ap* poor aompaubta ta ttaa at 30 yearn apa _ and avenge aaar 8 mppcf (B.O. Itark, oral ` aommunlratloa, Daa 8, 1968). Navrathdara, a larfa proportion at worltan had radio* praphta asbastoak, whitai had bacua to ip poor aaearly aa 10 ta 13 yaara before. Marrt aonata* la shipyard* bt 1984, did not Indl* oka weighted averagra above 6 mppcf; aad auwant atadka at laaulating workara la 8aa Vnaekoa boar thk out (J.L. Balaor and W.C. Cooper, unpublWwd data. 1987). Nev* arltalML aabiratrek appear* which aigpaata that a tana-walphiad average at 8 mppcl may bo too high. Thk k eonahtant with actual pnctkao In tha batter controlled aa* baatag Industrie* Mitchell,* raportlnf In 1981 an Improved condiUona In North Caro* Una taitfla milk, dtad aounta ranging from 04 ta 44 mppet Bnglkh Induatriaa under Aabaataa Industry Rsgulattana have never operated with a numerical standard, inetaad ikpanrilnt upon sndoMii* ventilation, and bwhi ta hoop tapeauroi aa naar aare aa Than ara numaraua other qurattana that oao con aak ralativa ta aabmtoa pneumomnlrek Hava wo bran too complacent In araranlng that tha aapaotontion at large numbara at rabeatoa bodlra k tha aapactad fponra of an aafaratm worker, or k thk In tha new employee really an Indicator that we are tolerating too much npnmrn? I do not think we know the answer, There are Aabartra would net bo ta tha baadUam If ad>ratcart, atfratlag a taw handrad rata** redim, and kaulaOng worker* wow tha onlyprabknL II k the mom raeantly danrara abated raeorietlon batwaaw aabaataa and aiignancka that hua craatad an autitatr new aarka at facte, fantasia* faifack* and fancirat Lot us 8nt laefe at the ovkfane* That there k an lnrraaaart inkdanaa at lung canoar in many grape at workara na* posad to Mbrataa k a fact. Tha araoidha evkknea from apktankingia atadka (Table 1) that began with Menrwethar's awntydd of oauara of death la certified raaraof adtaw M in tha United Kingdom from 1*34 M 1947 k new overwheimtag, Tha avidenoa k not cenvindng ra ta the raktiva Importanea at di/ferent typra at aibratra. Chryeotila aaamo kra certainty im plicated; and ana kohe forward with intarv oat to an up-dating of tha eaparknaa at Qua> baa duyaotik minora who. aavraal yeara ago, when anelyaod by Braun and Tnaui*1 am peered to have no nara risk. It k of inter* eat that Jacob and Anopach** who a taw yaara ago could damonatrato no iaooaaad rkk in Draaden aabeotoa workara now find twice the exported number of caara at lung cancer In men and ten timra the exported number In women. Their expoeurra warn mixed, and we do not have the amwar ta whether the aaodettan k truly Iraa tar chryaotlle than it k tar croddoUto and ioo> sit* Hie next quartion, and thk will apply ta other mailgnancki to be mentioned later, ia whether or not artwrtca minarak par aa am mrdnoganie. A premising tree at cunwit raraarch k aimed at determining the rate at tha aebratna flfaara and fibrlk ra carriers of tram nwtak or of oaicinoganta rhamirak mch as the poiyqrdio hydrocarbon* to rui* nsrable site* Hie (dsn of a fibril that can migrate and then hacume a emipennanant implant k an Intriguing one. This folk into tha tree of speculation, nr fancy If you wlta to cell It that, but one flint inny prove pro ductive, THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD dvi TPSo rvv 3 11 frs NT FR0^HLESSATNnEr ,NC` 'D AUTHC0EMNETICATE!^5 U"~1 W 0 j; i s. , I ! >: 1 r, ? ri u. u - 30V' |TW%4 234 14*4-1447 i In 1247 , Wynm I 4 mi i MrtmHMMMii n itn-M r20jr* , ISyfS 11444 m 1444.41. an* 14-44* I >21 iu VM< 1422*1443 1424-144* imioi 140-14M~ 413 1432-1442 4 7AM 1434.1447 (alter Mb 7.1 yre 1424-1443 "TaiT "MtsiTfeii . 404 1474J443 imam by MewaXai 1444. I nyMil by MamiMwi 1444 a4 1444. Ji/in 02.1*1 I7/121" (14.1*1 11/34 V)M* <17.4*1 4/147 14/11 44/244 io/at JaaWe 34/140 34/204 144/444* (7VW mm <***1 4A1 4.4 71 aaeartai 11.4 11.4 Wcf ** WUhia the ftva ymn, them haa bam tendon HmpHal. tha aamdatinn with adMa at an amoriatko be* lm baa bam rirengtbmed, not aimbanad. A i and dttba plnuni and pari* ssomd question mganiing thma hnaoca ia sinf tin dm** whether or not thair incidence in tha pofxila* C3 coatntkn at a major aeries at cam* that at tion aa a whole ia tnnaosing. Tha imprna Wagnmt Sfcgga, and Marrhand,** than rim ana gets to that thqr em. Third, if them have bam over 23 reports in the Ut--tum. ia an easorietinn, to it mom avidmt with ana Ia many at Uwb than ham 1 form at naheefm than another? Her* them .J i with erimtoa, either by i htotory or demonstration ai i to no qumtion but that aomdolita; and especially Capa blue aoddolita, to tha typq wtwre evidence to riiongeat. In thto |y iai* honors until laemUy, tfaa < d am* two or tbraa ia a serial t arimtos workers banomm riattottrolly rigniflranfc 8aparatina tact and fancy ham baromaa a fait mom difficult. Vint* how aeeurata am v fiiagtwaaa at dlAaa mmnihilinrmta? Urn ia no queadon bat that rigid criteria to etriude primary tamat aiaawham am aaoaauy inasmuch aa tha h (tologic diarao* terktice at undifferentiated tpraading tu mor* at tha plaura and peritoneum am not alvaya distinct!vw. Clean acmtiny at mad rnrim at dtogmmd caam raaulta ia tha exdurion at many ot themt Neverthilma. wham rigid critoia have bam applied, aa ia tha caacs studied by Hourihana,3* in 1984, in eountiy, reported arise have involved mixed '['i umally induding amoaita. Clahna ham bam made that became amoaita waa not uaad in the United Stataa to any atmt bdom 1935 and nnos maaothdhsna chametaridimlly bam vary long latent pari* oda Atm Amt sipouim to diagnotor wa am either wring rmponaa* to dvyaotila or am maing only tha tint mm* in an epidemic of effocto from amoaita. That antbophyillte to not a problem in thto napact to rimogly aug- gadad by a raanit report by Raunio* in which tha very high prevalences ot pleural calcification in anthophylUte mining anaa of Flnlani waa not aamriatsd with any in* aomad frequency at cancer of tha lung or of | BB 0020557 J Atwk Anara* Hrmltk--VU IS, Stpi W THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF PPGjINDUSTRiES, INC. DID NOT COME FROM IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED nv Dors iNniidTRlFS. INC. 3dro .- ^ -'.c&h: 288 ASBE3TOSIS~~COOPER . - _ *utf'** malignant plaural or peritoneal tumora. We are left with a strong body of evidence that Table 2.~~Ferrvginoua Bod1st in Hitmen Lung* in Autopsy Series' Individuals with light, moderate, and heavy exposures to erotidolite, amosite, or mix tures of amosite and chrysotile show tumora of a type that is much leas common in the general population. Studies in animals in 1962 by Wagner3" in Wales and in 1965 by Smith31 and others in New Jersey have led to production of mesothelial tumora in hamsters in which various types of asbestos were introduced Pfaea Capa Town** Miami** PWaoufjn** JonannasCurgw Finland** Montreal* San Frendseor Year 1963 1985 1965 1989 1988 1986 1986 PwcaniFL Paati**? i - 28.4.*% 27-z"; . 39-2'i& "4 4 * Sasad on lung unaare aaeaet taria* from ftnbwwhare thick taction* ware taammad. t W, C. Coopar and t. ft. Tabarehaw, uncubtnAa*. ; mtropleuraily. The difficulty in preventing d*-1964 : cross contamination in laboratories has com plicated some of these animal studies, so the positive reports were on the basis of rtf* that differences in response to different atively few asbestos bodies per case. types of asbestos and co-factors remain uri- 4. In those with many bodies, there wire' : clear. Nevertheless, the carcinogenic poten often but not invariably occupational or rto tial of asbestos minerals appears to have identiai clues aa to a source of asbestos and' been confirmed, although the role of co-fac- they were most commonly in males. -%i ~ ' ton has not been settled. 5. In none of the series, ail small, whet correlations were attempted with diagnosis' ; Ferruginous Bodies was there any apparent association with malignancies or other specific causes at quite warranted to however. It is impc puitively these fer to quantitate the: known exposures tt ali. If those with sir of asbestos bodies creased risk of dise: more secure about th .ire scant in numbex It is also iraportan these fibrous miners lungs. The view that indestructible is not relative term only, a; th.it the millions of U tiuilly enter our phys ev er. Many are bound . ucts that do not release released are subject to acids, and other insult ertheless, it is important of our asbestos balance. The final question is, is it true that from a fourth to a half of the general population harbors asbestos fibers in its lungs? The ba sis for such a statement is the fact that a number of studies of routine consecutive au topsy specimens in recant years have dem onstrated "asbestos bodies," or as Gough33 would prefer to call them, "mineral-fibrebodies," or Gross, "ferruginous bodies." As far back as 1928, Stewart3* had shown that smears of the cut surface of the fresh lung at autopsy would reveal large numbers of as bestos bodies in the asbestotie. If anyone death. 6. There is ample evidence in the litera ture that so-called asbestos bodies can be found in workers with exposures other thanasbestos, eg, graphite workers, soft coal min ers, diatomaceous earth workers, etc. 7. Ferruginous bodies can be produced experimentally in guinea pigs with other dusts. Presumably, they represent a nonspe cific response to any relatively insoluble fibrous material in the lungs. Speaking of this, Cooke*1 said, . there is no reason why any fine spicule of Sunma In summary, with the indispensability of asbest . ha3 come realization of sc ards that must be better trolled. Present standards do not appear adequate tc I sis over a working lifetime ments of industry aggressiv problem have already been oroua standards. The assoi ] tried this in a supposedly unexposed popula mineral should not have colloidal matter tion before studies done in South Africa in deposited around it and become moulded asbestos minerals and mall lungs, pleura, and peritoneu' the 1960's, it was not published. In 1963, into a curious body. But as no other mineral- increasingly convincing. CI Thomson et al3* showed 26.4% in 500 con dust is fibrous, this occurrence must be so must be directed toward bett 1 secutive autopsies in Cape Town and later, rare as to be negligible from a diagnostic the importance of type, size c 1 in 1966,3* 27.2% in 400 autopsies in Miami. point of view." I importance of co-factors. It These and other studies are summarized in The question now, is Cooke's statement d gested that asbestos fibers act 1 Table 2. The facts that have emergg! from 40 years ago true today? Or, are we adding, carcinogenic metals or other these are as follows; ' '*~'~ fibers of many kinds to our environment, vulnerable sites. The demons: 1 S 1. Morphologically and in staining prop giving a confusing picture of our human ruginous bodies in from one-q erties, these meet all criteria for asbestos bodies. '2. In no studies, so far published, have there been supporting data to indicate whether all, most, or some of the bodies were asbestos. 3. In most series, about 80% to 90% of THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD 0, samplers? If, as is probable, many of the bodies that are being seen are really asbestos mineral*, there is need to determine their significance. It is unwarranted to draw the conduskn from what we now know that they necessari ly presage an epidemic of neoplasms. It i* p* 7: 1' <" half of the lungs examined i autopsies in a number of atie j world points to an urgent need live identification of the miner, are responsible. If they prove to! we do not know what point or1 r-sponse curve is represented PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. DIDjWOTJBOMfc ITS FILES. AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATE Sept; 1387 1' | BB 0020558 | Arch En 1 BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. j ? `J > ! 1-L\ 30S7 55S2 1 ft h atm haeartont to lam tho i Mid* thh* hM ndi with Tho am fa ithatfcai t tho tofflioan of torn and anwolly ae- hoahh. Wtdlw tiy to wphiwi that part fly antor aw phftocsl wwdtonaant far of tho <hollaoo of tha Hold k that it ia at r.` Many art bcnad L-daflnitety late prod* tho forafaot at madksno and tachnwhwy. that da rnttohoao than; thooa that in whan wwiroomanul haaaria an to* ha naad ava aobjart to tfaa aftecte of haat, detected, in view of tha ratethw Ionia of ax- fe- and athar Jaaoito to ntoanh. Nw- poaun and tha opportmitin to atudy papa* , it ia Impartaid to pat a batter idaa lationa at rhfc. Bat whan laktkndupa an ad am ateoatn balaao% as to spook -**--y aaapartad and than gmdmUy artafa * Akkad, nqr nal and practical aoamqwncaB So tha pawlitfaat call than tendaa if ym will, that aia part of tha normal proeaaa of itonlnpim naw tawwi- adpa to othar Saida baoano monacal* and aiw miauaad and miaundwitood. Foterfew ttoa of viawa and aavannea of amanunica- tton ia tha rata, aot tha swaption. I think that tfaia tea two tha can hiatoay of nodb oeco^thmal diaoaaa raanrrti to tha United Stetea. and I unot aay 1 know how it eouid bo atimiaated. t do ballon. tewonr, raw roquina both toot aaaUtpwnciaa of tha tenor. o ,co -- O ,,j i bo dhacted toward faattm dhWtion of ^` ia MhnI Fmrtm md o( tea tewdar Builatte of Sbar and tho Na. aaa. ust, It hM boas anc* t llwii. ftaarwa at lhaawt ru*M an aa nntora of. kiCtMtlmriSCmmtimtmmiia^ffatearf- 5*War a,a^A,--lawaaAaarria Itme- Bar MhWinoaa to Aw Md teMra rtmim, Hddate, in kite. 71m damoartntion at far* a. Wdte J- m town HilK D.w_- Ewifci ntgigOMO fruflte hi fmn nna ipiartat tn "f a( Coat Ctelfte Aaa NY Amd Vi lSt330JM (Oaa ........... J baft of tlM fang arumnad to cwwitivo wx.H^AKaioWV tn * laiUllUl'O* anas mod tha rtpa f*in niaa OianUaa ia Co--trurriao Nwal oorid pointsto an urpaat mad far tha poaf- Vmmit, j itew Hyt Tm Jaw-ia law. tho IdwHiSaOMI of tha minor*] fibwa that * **" W T-: Aateatei Bipwwo Dmi Nxal an raaponaibU. If thagr peon to bo tebatox '*JZ*m* turn Hyt A~mj aw do not know what point on tha doaapo c MitewD, Holt* ?wwa aa Abxu- taaprmaa m h ropnaantad and------ TwOia Warta. Arte ** Hmiut 3<J7-<1. iool 7"""_"""TrrT-- --JL0020559 I Arte Xmmn HmUJ^--Vot IS, Stpi im twic DOCUMENT was not a record of PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. DID NOT COME FROM IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. 36ST1* itefe r. ' : 1 uot is** i#> urn afc-IWM, 1-0+ Kxifcti ROC: Mi Me. DwR RJt_- Atomiaeto m a Mtiwm UfaM B m4 4 Atr Mai J JIMg. Dmn, iA. Mi CwmWX Jaa *fc BitMM (May I Ml XI. Cm. O; TWha RSj Mi Cm. Fj Mm - MOH-ja (May) WMr, U to WiyMateoiml ECm at 0,0 to 4ai Soi S4rM-74< 1M A teim i. WA: itowtoito Mi Pttoaary UhtoMfll N^Im Am /Of Aewd M laUT. w com so im>. A W>mw. 1-0; Mean CA4 Mi Minted. P-: mm to Ito Wallt-Watoi Capa Praatoca. Ail V Mto Mai 17)00-371 1WX 11 toarikM D.Oa 11a Pillalao al Maaalha M Xlirihi Sato Saypl MltlOT, MM 30. MplvaL U Mi 7WM. Tto fern. 4m a< AaCmtaa Hadtta to toe Uap 4 Raaiaaa Aatopaiaa to M--liaal. Caaai Mai Aaaar ; MilPl I1CI <Daa 3) lWi. 3t Caala. W.K- AihMaa Quit aai the Gram Baitaa Found to PutenMy Aiatoa. Mi Mai 4 2d7S-SM (Sapt> 1W9. NfiTP JU ! !*flr\3T n?0 jitKOtCM. MMUHt 1 ' - -i i iLu5 Wa aoi atop this fragraentetta in medicine m **U m the frarmcntalua of our ear*- 1cm to the largo Indigenteegmant at our pofniUtum. Our four public aaiiliM tMiical pnfrau ahnuid be oon. Aad here I include prenatal, delivery and pnatpnrtura mm, wmami hcepitoi car* (or medical aai wirgical pruMrme aai tha Head Start Project and acted health pngm. Only in thin way eaa wa inaura continuing aupematou aad con trol of diiaaaa. Cbraldor the pcaaanl atfaction ia oaa of our Larear riUee. Familima muat viait, oAn iniiiUinaniiair and aleo ia aaotbor location, tha health deportment for prenatal cam. th* oouaty heapitol tor general martlrml aervicea, tha Head Start Project for their younger children, tha achool haalth pragma for tbene that ora in achoul, tha crippled children .irograa if tbay hava a crippiad child, and Uia *peech irfret program for ipeach therapy. A typical pregnant Indigent woman with four or five children muat apatui an much time and monay for tranaportatioa to and from thaaa nine separate ao-callrd fnv urmcn that 111a no -rander aba hito no time or monay to harp hr family wait, irt alona happy --Rea. R.A-. MD: "Prawem, Problrma and Prioritive." rend heforv the AM A National ('..n ference on Infant Mortality in San Francief-o (Aug 12. 13) HHW. ,, THIS DOCUMENT WAS NOT A RECORD OF PPG INDUSTRIES. INC. DID NOT COME FROM IT'S FILES AND CANNOT BE AUTHENTICATED BY PPG INDUSTRIES, INC. . ^ . jb-pi /wr 2056^7 J. 305-3