Document KROKL75Xekeaa3j4Ye4XMr4NK

fzbquasjduk on h FI CGrAM A% Vrv*c THE EXTENSION OF THE FACILITIES OF 3Ii K Era! H INC LABQEAlQiX OF APPLIED riiS-lOXGGX FOE I3SVESTICATIOM ALB HE; XiCTI Gii IN IKE FIELD OF" IKDUSTFIAL MEDIC INI A m HEALTH : In treduction this memorandum has been prepared in such a manner as to provide merely the outline oi' Facts and circuoeetances, which, in the opinion of the writer * may be useful in aiding executives of Ethyl Corporation to arrive at a conclusion as to the part Ethyl Corporation should play in the proposed plan. It is anticipated that questions may arise concerning details or additional facts, during the discussion of this matter. The background of the proposal was presented earlier, when, in 1 ^ 5 , the Board of D ireotors of Ethyl Corporation agreed to appropriate IJugJo-r.oj toward the sum then believed to be required for the purpose* The precent memoran dual repeats the former only in such matters as would de era to be of major importance, or in those vhich require brief menlien in relation to new conditions. In essence the memorandum attempts to state what i proposed for accomplishment if possible, what facilities are needed to accomplish the Intended purposes, vhat will be the cost of obtaining such facilities, and what advantages may be expected to accrue to American industry, and specifically to Ethyl Corporation, from expenditures made therefor, ruggeslions are? made as to an appropriate means of proportioning the cost of the* enter prise among those who have made contributions toward these ends in the past, as well as those who may reasonably be expected to do so at this time. These suggestions should not be thought oi' as repre senting the wishes of the writer or of the University of Cincinnati, with respect to any contributor, but only as one means, which may or may not be the fairest and best.  Ihe write!' takes this occasion to express his personal and professional appreciation and that of his associates in the Laboratory and in th University of Cincinnati, for the generosity and the point of view toward the laboratory and its work, that have characterised the executives of Ethyl Corporation throughout the years. As the recipient of such generosity, and th beneficiary of such a viewpoint, the University and Its representatives la this > project would indeed be lacking in self-respect and in gratitude if they were to make further appeal to Ethyl Corporation, except in so far as the further financial support of Ethyl Corporation may be expected to be mutually advantageous. the Present tatus of the Laboratory Che growth of the Laboratory since its construction in X ^ j has been considerable and steady, with reference to its physi cal state, in terms of special adaptation ana use of space,and its technical equipment, and also as to the sis of its staff, the variety, volume arid quality of its investigative work, th numbers of industrial organisations that have come to it for assistance, and the size of its annual budget. Exhibit A (attached; gives some figures which portray the present value of the property in terms of its cost. It will be remembered that the original building and certain of its fixed equipment became available in 1U > j , through the joint gift of to the University by Ethyl Corporation vdj u ;, r,. I. du Pont tie iiemours and Company ($>:J,j0.j and irigldaire - Corporation (yp5,j u c .j j ; . fine that time Ethyl corporation has made direct contributions of aggregate sums approximating $75*udv.Jt/ for the building and certain fixed equipment. art of the latter sum KE 0014228 the experimental vork , and part provided an addition to the original building and the installation of sj>eci&l equipment fox- the study oi' the physiological effects of flight at high altitudes (v33/iOu.uo) * tlh latter may be .regarded in large part as a direct contribution to the var effort.; other items of equip ment have been purchased from time to time out of the regular annual budget or the Laboratory for supplies and equipment, runds for such current requirements have been made available by Ethyl Corporation as veil as other sponsors of the vork of the Laboratory from year to year, and by this means the facilities have been augmented steadily. It can be said, therefore, that every industrial organisa tion that has financed any significant part of the experimental program has made some contribution to the equipment and other operating facilities of the Laboratory, the result has been the development of u remarkably veil equipped and highly adaptable laboratory in which a vide variety of experimental vork can be conducted with a high degree of convenience and dispatch. ihe number and variety of industrial organisations for which the Laboratory has worked is shown in Exhibit B. It is of some special importance, in relation to the present situation,that a disproportionately large number of large organisations have come to us with their problems since 1 ^ 4 . Much of this somewhat sudden interest has been quickened by chemical developments, in the vake of the war. Ve are at a distinct disadvantage here, in that these recently acquired clients* so-fco-epeak, cannot be expected to provide any large proportion oi the funds required for enlarging the Laboratory at this time, since their association with us, in many instances, is too recent to have yielded, either proper perspective as to their own future developments, or confidence In the servica- bility of tills Laboratory for their purposes* Qn the other hand, their coming to us has great significance for the future. It is apparent, from a number- of facts that have developed out of these new relationships, that the need for work of this type is very great and quite urgent in many instances, that the facilities available in this country are sadly inadequate, and that this Laboratory> if it were prepared to do so, could increase the scope and volume of it work several fold. It should also be said that because of the dearth of adequate facilities elsewhere, and by virtue of the fact that this is nov the largest, best known and best equipped laboratory of its type in this country (now that the Industrial hygiene Division of the U* S. Public Health ! ex-vice has restricted its field of work) vo have some responsibility to try to meet the present needs of industry, to an extent is compatible with sound organisation and proper performance of our job. 1he increase in the volume of the work of the Laboratory since its embryonic development in the Eicfcberg Laboratory of Physiology in the College of Medicine in 1925 ad extending from its actual founding in 155c through to tho present time, is best portrayed in terms of expenditures made in groups of years, as shown in Exhibit C. It will be seen that the cost of work done on matters of concern to Ethyl Corporation increased from the average annual sum of '17*591.00 during the first four years, to the average annual sum of >55,uOd.oc for the next ten years, and on to an average of *91,jj O.u u per year for the next four. She expenditures in this direction decreased in 19^5 to (partly by reason of the pressure of vork for others, and partly because one carefully planned program of investigation of lead metabolism came to an end in the middle of that jeer;, increasing again to the peek of 488,272.00 in 19^6* Despite this trend, the work done for other industries has increased at a disproportionately high rate, so that in 19E6 only 52 per cent of the expenditures of the Laboratory vere incurred in investigative work for Ethyl corporation. It does not appear from the figures, that the interests of Ethyl Corporation have been neglected while the experimental program for other indus tries has been expanded. It may b suspected, and is in fact true, that the unit cost of work done for Ethyl Corporation has actually decreased, because of the increasing effectiveness of the research organization. It is also fair to say that the overall quality of the experimental vork has increased considerably. the total expenditures of the Laboratory for experimental vork from 1225 through 12^ 6 may be seen to have amounted to a large sum, averaging about $04,bjb.uO per yearc of which 75 Pr cent was borne by Ethyl Corporation. As seen 'in the budget for 194? and its anticipated allocations (Exhibit I-), the gross expenditures of Ethyl Corporation are not expected to expand greatly. As a matter of fact, in view of the nature of the work that is under contemplation for the next several years,it seems doubtful if these expenditures should be expanded to any large extent oven after certain additional facilities can be provided, ihe reasons for this statement will appear later. Exhibit B also serves to reveal the seriousness of the present problem of th work program, Che implication that Ethyl Corporation is asking that its experimental program be increased to a level involving expenditures of lul,cuj.O> is not strictly true, as indicated.previously however, every other sum set down under '^Funds Available" has been provided la the hope that all of the work desired can be done More funds cannot be accepted because more work cannot be done 'et It is not to be supposed that all of the Industrial organisations represented among the sponsors of work in lpi7 will be willing to make large or even small contributions toward the provision of further experimental facilities. Some of them are known to be planning laboratories of their own for such work and are anxious to have our help meanwhile. We believe these plans for privately operated laboratories to bo unwise, excepting &a the scope of the work Is limited to problems of industrial health among the employees of the industry concerned. Even under these circumstances, such work, when carried out effectively, is unduly expensive and is generally wasteful, since the results arerarely published and thus the work is likely to be replicated in a number of such laborstories. In oui' opinion, the building up of hygienic i n f o r m t i o n for the general use of industry by the application of sound experimental methods which are subjected to open examination and appraisal, is badly needed, and considering the general lack of adequate facilities to this e n d , every effort should be made to avoid duplication of effort and inefficiency in the employment of funds and facilities. However, we cannot oppose cr discourage the efforts of industrial organisations to solve their own problems of this type, nor can we influence the present trends except by our own more adequate response to current needs. There is adequate evidence, however, that such facilities as ve can obtain will be employed to the fullest extent in the immediate future? and for a long lime to come* 0014232 7 hectical Education and the Laboratory Coincident with the growing need tor investigative work in industrial hygiene In our rapidly expanding industrial community, there is urgent necessity tor the training of practicing physicians* U o a lesser degree* engineersj. This need has been recognized for some time* and some efforts are being made in university and industrial circles to meet it. Unfortunately, In our opinion* most of these efforts are being made by persons and groups lacking experience either in the field of medical education or in that of industrial practice* Any program of instruction that is to be effective must meet the practical needs of the day's work; within industry* but must also be built upon the firm foundation of modern medical training and research. Me cannot ignore our responsibility in this University for working out and executing a program of training that will produce medical men with the special knowledge and skills that are required. We expect to do this on a small scale* and in such manner that the experimental and clinical facilities of this -Laboratory and the varied general educational facilities of the Colleges of Medicine* Engineering* Lav>and Business Administration in the University * will serve our pur-pose. Our associations with our colleagues in these faculties of the University are such that this can be done* and the plan now visualized can be carried out without encroachment upon the space end equipment designed for Investigative purposes. Moreover the expense or this work, as we have planned it initially, will be negligible, rpeclal funds will be required only for establishing fellowships, with stipends to individuals for two years In succession, 'these will not exceed per person per annum* and will be limited to two for the first year. M e have reason to believe that a number of Industrial Kr 0014233 the development of personnel with special training in this field. these stipends are larger than those granted to undergraduates and to oertain types of graduate students* but we shall accept only persons who have completed their medical training together with two years of hospital experience. Such men will rarely he able to continue further training on their own resources, and many of them, over any considerable period of years, will be married, ihey cannot > he expected to make more prolonged and more serious economic sacri fices for the sake of this highly specialised training. On the other hand, we have found it possible to obtain the right kind of -applicants for fellowships of the type specified. Ivo have been offered as follows: First Year Second fear Pingle Persons 2,loo ,4-ju harried Person y,7u; p,o,^o A third year in an industrial service or In a aeries of such services ion salary) is planned to fulfill the need for practical experience. During this period the work will be carried out under the joint responsibility of the University and the Medical gtaff of the industrial organisation,, in much the sam^iashlon as & hospital residency is authorised and conducted. feme adjunct instruction for engineers is contemplated, in a working relationship with the College of Engineering, but the means by which this is to be done have not been worked out aa yet. Our role in such a plan is likely to be minor, and will involve only some expenditure of time. . the Plan for Expansion A former-'memorandum indicated our belief that the laboratory building should be enlarged to approximately twice its present size, 9. by tile elongation of the present short wing which is on the ground floor only, and by adding three floors above this level* so as to complete a substantially symetrlcal building of two wings at right angles to each other. In this space the additional laboratories now needed could be housed* together with the clinical facilities (on the ground floor] that are badly needed* as veil as the animal quarters (on the top floor and roof) without which the general experimental program cannot be augmented. The enlargement of the building to this extent was believed necessary, not so much to double the work as previously conducted, as to augment it in those respects in which it is found to be most lacking. Certainly the staff of the Laboratory, which now numbers fifty-seven, will not be greatly increased, since most of the projected space would be occupied by the present staff if it were available. Present work is considerably handicapped by the shortage of office space, among other things, rtorage space is almost non-existent. Certain laboratories are overcrowded with equipment and personnel. Indeed, the effort has been made during the past several years to increase the staff as the growth of the work required, and to adapt the available space, at whatever incon venience that might result to Individuals, to the necessities of the situation. There can be no doubt that this procedure has reached the JO point of diminishing returns in a number of respects. "While it could CVi be justified aa a temporary necessity, it cannot be continued much longer without serious consequences. Therefore, ve shall have to O expand the laboratory to conduct even the present volume of work, iit and if we are to turn out more and better work, our requirements can not be reduced much below the level contemplated in our original plan, Following approval of the plan, which, as originally proposed in involved tentatively estimated expenditures of 4*200,o -.jj .jJ , lu build lag) drew up final plans and specifications in accordance with our carefully worked out requirements. these plans differ from those prepared for the original structure, in that what is needed at this time, with hut few exceptions, can he set down in detail and with precision, without prejudice to a very considerable flexibility. In large part, and certainly in those respects in which our needs are greatest^the completed space can he put to use at once, the necessary services and facilities being brought to completion, instead of being brought to a convenient point for subsequent application. Certain of these service facilities could be held in abeyance for later development if this turned out to be entirely necessary, but not, v believe, without curtailment of the contemplated program of experimentation, and 'not without some degree of unnecessary expense at a later date. A n appreciable decrease in the cost of materials and of labor at some later time might offset this disadvantage, but such a circumstance is not predictable. In any case the plans and specifications, now available, have been used no the basis for builder* and contractor's estimates (not bids}. It is no surprise, In view of the events of the past two years, that these estimates are outrageously high. Ihe facts are summarized briefly in inhibit 1.. Cihe plans and specifications for the new building and its various services are also available for examination.} It is believed by the architect that the situation in the building trades in Cincinnati has stabilised to some degree since these estimates were made, and that the cost will be somewhat less than that indicated here. It is also believed by the-archltect and by the writer, that certain costs established by present specifications can be materially reduced by the re-examinet icn of the specifica- 11 cions, item by item* and by substituting less costly but not less satisfactory materials, so far as they are obtainable, There is little extravagance in the specifications* but there is some* w think* and these can be eliminated* vlth savings which may range from $25*000.00 to $5 j *ooo.oo. This has not been done* for the reason that neither ve, nor the architect* wish to spend further- effort and time upon these plans, until some decision has been reached as to what general course is to be followed. The great increase in the cost of carrying out our plana has made it necessary to reconsider our entire program* Ve believe that ve should net postpone our efforts, lor reasons indicated previously. On the other hand if ve are to go ahead at this time, it would seem that the cost of the enterprise must now be shared by a larger number of industrial organizations, lor this reason, ve have now cone what ve formerly hesitated to do, having approached all but a few of our most recent sponsors, inviting them to share in the creation of the additional facilities necessitated in part by their requests ibr assistance* The responses to these approaches have been generally reassuring. The actual appropriation of funds has not been accom plished to the degree which justifies a full statement of the situation at this time* However, the allocations represented in Exhibit F are based partly upon receipt^ of conti-ibution*, partly upon pledges, partly upon reasonable expectations and partly upon hope. This Exhibit as here presented will be corrected and made factual as to the status of each item, as events permit. It is not too far from the truth to bo employed as the background on vhich the judgment and advice of executives of Ethyl Corporation can be based. Thought has been given to other means of financing some portions of this project. It vus thought at one time that certain 12 charges could he assessed against each project accepted hereafter from organizations not listed among the contributors to this fund. By such means funds might be accumulated and employed as required in the future for obtaining additional space and equipment, or for retiring obligations incurred at this time. On careful consideration of this procedure, some considerable doubt may be entertained as to whether it Is in keeping with the policies and legal rights of this University. Certainly the Director of the Laboratory cannot authorise or carry cut such policy without the approval of the Board of Directors of the University. Our definite impression Is that such approval would not be granted. Certainly this would be the case in relation to our assumption of financial obligations for later retirement whether privately or with the official backing of the University. Ve could encourage and even solicit contributions toward endowment funds, but obviously' these could not be made a condition to our acceptance of problems for investigation, either directly or by subterfuge. For these reasons we incline to the opinion that ve should accept the decision of our present sponsors as to the degree of feasibility of our present program, adapting ourselves thereto, without other commitments or present reservations as to future developments. rihls opinion represents a reversion to a former viewpoint, which, from the University aspect would appear to be sound - namely, that cur work is determined, in large measure, by the recognized needs and interests of the industries served, and that we should live within the means so provided, until and unless other and Independent means come to be available, this then is the present position, on the basis of which the good advice of executives of Lthyl Corporation as to our beat course at this time, is needed ond ought. K e 0014238 13 'Ihe statua of the laboratory In Eolation to Ethyl Corporation and Its Hygienic Problem -hero remains only the necessity for presenting the facts as to the services now being rendered by the Laboratory to Ethyl Corporation* a well as those which seem to be required in the iuture. Here* in effect the writer must divorce himself* so far as possible* from his concern for the present and future of medical education and research as a member of the faculty of the University of Cincinnati, and consider & b realistically as he may* his pro fessional responsibilities to Ethyl Corporation, iegartiles of vfc*ther this can actually be done, it is necessary to bring to the attention of the Executive Committee various phases of the work of the Laboratory which are carried out fo* Ethyl Corporation, a veil as certain additional problems which seem to require further careful inver-1 igo tion. In exhibit G are listed a series of items of work carried out in the year 134 0 , by members of the scaff of the Laboratory , It should be -recognized that these items of work and the expenditures made in their performance* are entirely separate* administratively and otherwise*from the regular work of the physicians of the Medical Department of Ethyl Corporation. Ihese things are done by the University of Cincinnati, on the request* so-to-speak, of the Medical Director of Ethyl Corporation, and. at the expense of Ethyl Corporation, in exactly the same manner, theoretically, as such work would be done for any other acceptable industrial organization. Every service that is commonly tendered by the Laboratory to Ethyl Corporation from year to year is represented here in more or less characteristic form and quantity, with the exception of the provision of office space for the conduct of the medical affairs of Ethyl Corporation. If the two KB 0014239 14 O r-,2 T--S o> O ht fessional and clerical staff of the Medical Department would require space# office and medical equipment end various services in dupli cation of tins facilities nov available in the Laboratory. From time to time we have considered that it might be advisable to have such a separation of activities. Lately ve have come to the conclusion that any serious criticism of our somewhat complex professional activities would probably be the result of malice rather than mis > understanding# and would therefore be unavoidable in any case. An examination of the items of Exhibit C- discloses some rather unusual and scattered ramifications of the business of Ethyl Corporation with respect to toxic hazards# whether actual or suspected. It is of some interest to recognize that the contacts of the Laboratory with various aspects of the highly organized commercial life of the community are numerous and varied# thereby giving us a considerable awareness of many matters that seem to be of small importance but may turn out to have real significance. "Without question the more valuable services of the Laboratory to Ethyl Corporation are represented in Exhibit H,. It is In this field of investigation that we have been enabled to sound out the future, so-to-speak# and to obtain the basic ini'om a t ion on which to base long-term policies in relation to the safety of the public, and that of the employees of Ethyl Corporation who are engaged in hazardous work. At another time and for another purpose# the several items of this Exhibit might veil be commented on in some detail. Suffice it here to list them in reasonably underel&ndable terms as the basis for demonstrating that extensive investigation has been required for the purpose of dealing with current and long-range hygiene problems of the Corporation. It might be thought that the program of hygienic investi- gatlon could be reduced progressively from some time in the near future onward. ihis, it should be said with emphasis, cannot be done except at considerable peril, 'he commercial activities of Ethyl Corporation do net stand still, nor do the industries so closely related to Ethyl Corporation remain quiescent* hew problems are created every time a distributor of petroleum elects to employ new methods of producing or marketing a product which contains tetraethyl lead or any other lead compound. Hew potential hazards of unknown significance are created by changes in the design of motors and motor cars, and by different procedures for servicing, repairing and operating them. Host of such changes are insignificant in their effects, but one never know when seme significant move will be made, `these are matters of minor importance, however, when, the narrowness of the present margin of safety in the matter of public lead absorption is r e c o g n i z e d C e r t a i n facts will serve to illustrate the point, he have been studying the sources and the order of magnitude of the lead intake of the ordinary normal person in this and other countries for many years, partly because of interest in the problem, of course. It is a fascinatingly complex biological problem, however, we should have been unable to justify the expen ditures made on behalf of Ethyl Corporation, in all honesty and fairness, if we had not been convinced that this is the key to the manner of conducting the business, so far a its relationship to the public health is concerned. If and when there should be reasonably acceptable evidence of danger to the public, additional safeguards would have to bo created. Recently ve completed an elaborate study, of several years duration yof the fate of lead taken in with food and beverages. Many significant facts were established, but the important one for present purposes relates to the amounts of lead which can 16. safely be taken in with the food every day over a period of many years by the healthy adult. rIhls is of the order of magnitude of half & milligram of soluble lead. Actually the mean value of that which is taken in with the food and drink of the average American is three tenths of a milligram. Ihe importance of these facts is very great, and on account of them we have concluded that we must determine the significance of inhaled lead with the seme cax^e ve have applied to the solution of the other problem. ihis will require some years of study, but va now know that under present conditions the lead in the atmosphere breathed by certain segments of the population is of the order of magnitude of one tenth of a milligram per day. It seems reasonably certain that this situation has changed, but little within the past decade or two, but the operating factors, including the concentration of load-containing exhaust gases discharged into the atmosphere-, vhich may influence this situation, are numerous and varied. the combustion of coal and wood, the distribution of smoke and soot, and the proximity of highways and industrial plants to population masses ate ail factors, the facts in these matters, and the manner of disposition of the inhaled lead in the body, should be known in some detail. Ve propose to establish the facts, because ve believe the safety of the public Is involved. V also believe that Ethyl Corporation needs to know these facts,because the maimer of conducting its business is involved. If there is actual danger, or an unduly low max-gin of safety, ve shall be the first to know it, and Ethyl Corporation will bo fully advised. Moreover, by following the course ve.have laid out wo will be the source to which public health authorities and others will be bound to come fox* information, there is no question about our present status as investigators of this 17 * subject, end If ve maintain cur prestige by herd vork rather than by professional or academic self assertion# ve shall be able to maintain and consolidate this statu. he importance of this in relation to inspired or misguided measures which might do serious harm to the Indus try, may well be considrable. I.l m&y be remarked in passing, although It is of mere than incidental importance, that the- information which enables us to appreciate the public petition, with respect to lead hazard, will also, as ih the past, provide us vlth the means of protecting the employees oi nthyl Corporation and those of its customers against the hazards of their occupations. In calling attention to the foregoing matters, we do not take the attitude of the alarmist, but rather that of the realist, who undertakes to foresee the worst that can happen, and to act up suitable means for offsetting it. In this instance, 'the worst '* is not conceived of in wholly imaginary terms, but ae certain ''proba bilities'' <Nin the technical tense} based upon /jaowii facta,the lull signif icance of which cannot be appreciated without further inveeti ght ion. the experimental work contemplated in connection, with the general problem referred to above, will be approached systematically and spread oyer & period of years- By this means It will not assume the character of urgency, and it will be fitted into tits general experimental program of the Laboratory. U s cost will be kept at a moderate level thereby, and will be spread over some period of time. Be consider this good policy in relation to both Lthyl corporation and the Laboratory, in the latter instance h c'oauso a continuing large and woII-financed item of vork contributes greatly to the 18 social and economic stability of the Laboratory. Concluding statement the foregoing paragraphs represent our viewpoint on this entire situation In fairly comprehensive outline. Our request, for our own guidance, Is that the Executive Committee of Ithyl Corpora tion determine what Investment the Corporation should make toward this project, out of,broad consideration of its own interests. We have considered che problem from many aspects, and have been somewhat too deliberate perhaps in our presentation of It. lor many reasons, it is important that there be no further prolonged delay in arriving at a decision. >e are prepared to plan our course on what can reasonably be done at this time. As the large contributor in the past, and as the largest ingle sponsor of the current experimental program or che Laboratory, the action of Ethyl Corporation will be decisive. However, ve feel strongly that this fact should not be permitted to exert an undue influence upon the decision. Our concern tor the Laboratory is that it should fulfill an important purpose over a long period of time* This can be accomplished only if it builds upon the firm foundation of the actual needs of its Industrial sponsors Any such sponsor, convinced against better judgment, or led by other means to contribute beyond Its recognized desire, will probably with draw his support one day* the writer hopes to have no part in bringing, about that d a y . C\ ;.obert h . Lohoe, Director ' aprii 4, 1^47 Kettering Laboratory of Applied rhysiology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati miian a i:IlUblL DAIA vAA'. y i I l G lABGKAli 011 01 PPLII.U P iif ICLCGX > IGL GS ^ U^IVEKGVa 0? ' i ^ M M l Appioxiiaaie Value of Property in terms ci' cot Uiuiloing ant) equipment have been maintained in excellent condition by careful supervision and replacement l'he cost of maintenance-, replacements of equipment and additions to equipment lias been reflected in operating costs, vtiich liavs been distributed among contributors <.,o all experimental projects during the past, ten years. Replacement value of propelty nov rxeatiy appreciated.> .i.'Uildliig and fired equipment ither operating equipment, oil ice j in tuxes and libra; y facilities , -Otal . 1fob , - j . ; I ,.,,,,. . Hi- l'.l ->..proxiinute List?; ibullon of cost of Above anilities .thy! corporation other contributors : ,,j. 1 1 .'.,.;. . . 1 Ke 0014245 EXHIEII B COKTFIBinOES 10 1HE IJCPI^.IMEITj/AL WORK OR IKE LABOR ALO BY from 193 > lo the end of 1947 Ethyl Corporation L. X. du Pont de Hemours and Company Monsanto Chemical Company Frigidaire Corporation Commercial Solvents Corporation Chicle Development Company Standard Alcohol Company Mead Johnson Company Eagle richer Lead Company > . Dow Chemical Company Love Brothers Company ' C. F. lettering Foundation Harrison Radiator Division oi General Motors Procter and Gamble Company Gxaselli Chemical company . Kilton-Davis Company hem Inepton Arms Company U . G. Government ^Office oi Scientific Research and Development, Committee for Medical Research# (uartermastor Dopaitment, Army j Ivcnton Fhariaacal Company B . X . Goodrich Company Pennsylvania Salt Manillactux-ing Company American Cyanamid Company Bhe Geigy Company Parke-Davis Company Ine Xexas Company Hooker Electrochemical company Universal Oil Products Company riglit Aeronautleal Cor;ooration John 3.7on Dronse Company ihe Institute of Paper Chemistry Che Lithographic technical Research Foundation Ihe Barrett Division of Allied Chemical and Dye Corporation iftde 1944 Standard Oil Development Company Standard Oil Company of Indiana Professional Cold have Manufacturers Group . Armour and. Company ' Swift and Company American Petroleum Institute velsicol Corporation Lehman Brothers U * L. Government (Public Health C- P. hall Company Service) Mallinelcrodt Chemical hoiks Purdue Research Foundation Eyandotte Chemicals Corporation Reynolds Metals Corporation Aluminum Company of America Hamilton County, Ohio - Coroner's Office FTTIAKCTAL DATA .BIO LABORATPI-'1 OP APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY , COLLEGE OP 1'dPPlCliNP, UAIVER5ITI 01 GIHCIMKATI Operating Cost of Laboratory From Time of Origin to Present Time Cost of Experimental Work carried in Physiology Laboratory College of Medicine, from 1925 to 1950 -70 ,0 0 0 .ou Cost of Experimental Work carried out in Kettering Laboratory , from 1950 through 1946 1,557,140.67 total Cost of Experimental Work 1 ,407>l4u.57 Approximate Distribution of Cost of Experimental Work Prior to 195c Ethyl Corporation 1530 through 134J I.thyl Corporation Other Sponsor a 1341 through 1344 IVth yI Corporation Other Sponsors 154p Ethyl Corporation 0 ther Sponsors Cost 70,./ .oo ;j ?,y p 'i-,j >< .'j Percent.af.-:e 1) os r j- ^4,549.11 :28 ,35'0 *55 0 9 ,4 58 .0 0 74,j 94,57 59 41 43 52 F.thy 1 Corpora11on Other Sponsors 132,5 through 1946 Ethyl Corporation 0 1he r Sponsors 88,572.44 35/755 79 1 ,0 71,547.7? 555,832.9') y l , 4 U 7 , 1 4 U .07 76 _24 loo K E 0014247 BPZfl OO 3X "T/O '1 * c. ' * I i, " T "* T c * t) ' ' V- -! r t # "T `I n` O C* r ,- r * .' * "7 * " " ` C* * - C J-, *' 9 ` r ' * *;!* ." V" "'i; o;':v -txoo 10 i : t r.u o : T0:0 r.r o rr~3?*>T : prift r -t~ : ' ' .'O pi ~r"r~r? ~ ; ,.. Or.o;; :'o v-/ ;. > - r -..ir i,-., :~'.r ipTDy ~:.T'"O O O .O. 0 1 O MfOOT-"" t. O; t;;.: - '; ir; >t ' J ; , 1 T T ' * * : \ v ot :c ' . r* " , - ff ' " * * . / * c * ' ? * L r" ' * - t ' ?' ' * r *Z c * / M ' ,,, -.Cl r ' * C f :. . : n <"c:< : ' * : ,, 1xr f * ' , -y ( * t ... ^ , -- ; - -. \ ,'r-f '' * . .. '* -V- ; M, 4 r ; : ; - r * - 7 . v - ' *, < f *; ' 1 ,- y . - . <\ ` t ' TT T T - r * 1 5 T f * t~ f * ' I r *! s S' I i r ' * i y f * f r * f ' T i c; j' r- r i * f wr r r : r ?' / *' f -i r r 0! * * e\ s f i * ' * r/ ; <" 1 ' ' - r . " - r 1' ' */ ' * ;/ 0 p i it TQ iar .t ,t 0 A 0 ;> ;; * 0 ' r ?>u r >.t o ;:* ; ^ m c n t i c r n c o ' . : "00- " : > t o T 'Vt * t C<S.10 0 1 0 0 T 0 t ^ I . 0 ". ,T ' 0 ~ T ' r ?~ 7 X V J 7 >- o -;- 3 t s' T j o t i T J G a o p r o n n o o --' -' - t r o * ; }TM O x o r . o p t o if ^ ' r t r C7 t T?.x o c{ .iO " > sr.t 5 C t ! i 0 t {;' : a ' t o p r i o r a i o t Y * ?o t l n :: r t p IT3P 3 5 r o n p ' r t ' ~00 t; : ;, : r ; r ' .O'r." -; ; - 0 ; S . o t ' OO I " : UTjt CTTC'" ; : ,' u ; o o x o . x ' i o ; ' .' .o o t 'c o c -/ ;" 'Cr/.. c o p o n ; T 7 .* C '"Tf ...o r .' " ' y ' m y i i w o s o r ; ; ' r v:i .r r o a t : no" -, t . . -... ; ;.....x ~ ~ 0 ' " o . : T' -. * -r -r ' *v 'r ' -A . .**' ? : .- < . '" Z -y y :- ;0 -s-7 . : O T 7 ;7 O ;- t -. p I 5 'Z' -': t. ; I ') r i P ' . ' -:: ~ 7 ;;. "i p e : '.o : ;` :o ? o r . . : . ~ , j v ^ - x o y r y !,O r - .o :' :- /' v ..> o p _ Z v y .y c o t t ;rTMTro 110 0 7 10 5 0 1 . ( f ` V ->c r -r . s i ' r" * -: * Ti' T ' * e ' o - o - v r o r o * .t i : .:. o T t i p o T T o t r t jo ,; ' " v tr r ; croo r r: * * * r o : - : :;..r o . o -. . : vc;". *,t .. '. T ^ p y . i o r t s t O " . \ U 0 v.;U:O O YTIp SU O ^ 1 o o t o ; . x n y .. ; .- o c p r .o * r ' ' -ir:. >: " ,; r y - , . . .-. O?00O. sio~. l i m a r a ! 0 poto nptm -nfC'^T y s a ? j o u o j inqTi?ST'J. po 7otr;yo . ; ' S* IT T ' ' T :'no ;;'i 7o -rSl .s 10 -y.".- h r 7 sirt x.if o.:: . ,10 -120,= o - 1- :. I '=7 - -ti -ro -- , 7, y v r r .y t sr? - ... T T V v. vr.va ; a IIQIHX.I EXHIBIT ]_ BimiiCiAL L'a :a lCiALIG IKO LAB01-A1(I x Oir AjdfLil-JD ritifXGnGCf , i. MEDICIwE uKIVII fli i 0*: GlnClri&A'AT I: G L Ls i-imateb Goat of additional iiiciliti.es oy architect in December of 1>44, on basis cf irioimal discussion of piooable requirementa Estimated Cost of additional facilities by architect in September 1945, after completion of plans and specifications for building and specialised fixed fl Q qulpment (air conditioning, etc.; as vorked out in etall with staff of Laboratory Builders estimate ^outside) including fired fee of 20 ,uGG .JO Other branches of rco 1. clcselg estimated as follows Electrical Air Conditioning r ;j , - - -lO , .-.j Keating and ventilating J . ,.} flambing ^j, J Elevators and dumb waiter Adjustment clause 1 i (X. $ } - .* * 1 1-- 7f VJi-.,* I * . - j ' O X: B- 1 Architect *s fee ton hie estimate of gi Grand total Estimated cost of remodeling present building (can be deferred} Estimated cost of additional operating equipment new building Total to complete facilities {.' \ i ' > y :j i j J ; * J.J 3 r ' 'f- M* 1 ) f jU J j ; dO t' ! 1pi ,10 J .) KE 0014249 EX H IB IT P l IHAivCXAL L'A^A * >i-i'JL 1-^---'i IHG lABObAlCKX OF APPLIED AKIGIOIiXn: ., CCLLL'GE OF MEDICINE, UKIVEi:: S m T F CiaCISflA';! Suggested Distribution of cost of 14ev Facilltle Among Industrial Sponsors, based upon approximate proportional use of all facilities of laboratory from 1944 through 19^7* or in subsequent years so far as can be ascertained. ' '"tai not to exceed 4*^\>L/f-J --* -/ Sponsor Percentc.Kc it fry1 Corporation Monsanto Chemical Company h . I . ti Pent do liemours and Company Commercial Solvents Corporation Hi 11on-Da vis Company 'the Texas Company Universal Oil Products Company Barrett Division of Allied Chemical and t ye corporat ion _ Miscellaneous -cent ipoiisors - c . c . Goodrich C o . Wyandotte Chemicals Corp. Ge ig y Com p an y# I n c . rtandar^,fOil Co , (Ind .; tan d a r d Jl'-'Ov.elop iaen t Co "*a11inckrodt Chemioa1 Vorits Aluminum Company of America L'J 5 1j 3 1 r<*zS 2 9 Contribution 3y .-, 55 .'/J* G31'j'Jt. j ,y ,.j .** tl^ jvj1J*J*'i 3 A' *-'U l u tJOO.j J*#* 3./'>V .A' >' Vy,p 1 ; .0 .. *** 4 5 j \ i ' J j mO J # * * otaX regarded as adequate is followed p ro aen i p ro gram V XI , J ^u if $12 ,,foJ.ov available from anonymous contributor. unmarked sums received or formally appropriated. * .|.lp'j>bv.;*Ou of this sum. previously appropriated. ** vl5,-JJJ.uO of this sum received - balance unsolicited as yet. *** Under considoration at present. Size of individual contributions uncertain. KE 0014250 i-JffiIBI!.;. IQ:: I. IHG LABOI AVO:Y OV Aj-FLIIB . .tI0`--'_;LI- Sbl-ib.i.C,'-. 01 millXo lx*Z'tf uit-- vx r.-`z,.x. g. bhhCIhEAj. x ' nature, scope and approximate cost of routine services rendered in the course of a typical year (19^6; in obtaining necessary information for the detection and control of current hazards of business operations of Ethyl Corporation ITEMS APT UAL COVI r 1. Load analyses in connection 'with the operation of Baton Rouge T.L.L. Manufacturing plants (a) Quarterly samples of feces and. urine obtained from representatives of all occupations approx. g ,:, , (Uj foot samples of olood and urine In connection vith regular examineLion of all employees of lead area (approx. idbu j ,0 1 Spot samples c: urine and riood ft:cm smelter per sonnel (approx. 6bo) J ,j jo ..;o v . > > 2. Lead analyses in connection vith the opera Lion of ihe research and tasting Ibooratories of I'.Uryl Cor '.-ovation Samples of feces had urine vuuprox. ... .. ,- Lead analyses obtained in connection with bagnostic pi cbicnis met in xiold by the staff of the Medical Bepaitaent of the Ethyl Corporation among blenders, persons exposed to leaded gasoline with complaints or allegations of injury (approx Ipf pnJ.ba 1. Lead analyses of sludge, scale and other ..materials obtained from tanks and ether containers employed in the ti-ansportation and storage of gasoline (approx. 10b) pOO.eb . 5 lead analyses of materials from all parts of country, including food products, edible oils and orinking water sent in by individuals , commercial organisations, and field representative's of Ethyl Corporation (approx, fuu) ' . o . Consultation advice in connedion vith a vide variety oi problems related to loaded gasoline, posed by industrial oig&nia&tiojia, governmental and military oiganisations, private individuals and public officials. Opinions and advice based on experimental evidence with or vi.houi. interpi etatIons or specific analytical data G o C, * at time. Approximate value of time (not less than l,v > of total time) V . Microscopic examinations of blood .films o d sained physicians of Medical Department of Ethyl ;:*J5peration in course of regular periodic examinations ,.i mixing personnel . Clinical microscopy fey Kettering Laboratory .fc-onical staff (not physicians) carried out in connection with examination of Ethyl Corporation ..id Ethyl Specialties personnel who came to Cincinnati or examination or consultation > Statistical work in the study and interpretation of analytical data obtained from routine and special lead analyses on operating personnel of Baton I.ouge Manu facturing plants 1 ,J .O t i j ).)..J J . vj J * -J \J .ocal cost of routine services r--~. c.v; ? -, j. ; . j u KB 0014252 f i 1f i i i r i n i l KE'IT EI.IH G LABORA'rOFY OF AP P LIED PHYSIOLOGE, COLLI Gl OF M EDICIN E, MIVLRSr iY F CIA CO L A CI nLattuurre,f scope and approximate cost of experimental programs can-led oruatt Iin cGonnection with immediate or long-term problems or clovelop30I-S Of Ithyl Corporation "bearing upon industrial or public health during B typical year (l946i rIiKM/ J'-U nATu vrjoc\tk'.;J 1. Systematic investigation of certain phases of the behavior of lead in the human organism, and the problems of lead absorption, distribution and excretion In relation to load poisoning i s ) the threshold of safety with respect tO the ingestion of lead with feed and beverages from day to cay, on the part, of normal Individuis, as part of the background of the business of Ethyl Corporation in its relation to the health of the community (1 subject studied in 19^6) -L y ) ) -s/ w ) The fate of lead absorbed during occ itiena 1 lead en oosure, .in t ms o: rate of progressive elimination and the mean 3 of altering the rate pipprox. I pati onin studied; (c ; the therapy of lead poisoning (1) Effects of the administration of -. ammonium chloride (2: Effects of the administration of potase1um Iod ide 0) Effects of the use of B.A.L. (6 patients studied) ' j ' J - J V * J -J (a) Clinical and laboratory diagnosis of lead poisoning - miscellaneous work in study of lead poisoning in children and adults * D'.J',)e'./O 2- Investigations of the toxicity of certain h&logenated hydrocarbons employed or considered for employment in the manufacture of antiknock compounds - 2 compounds studied cursorily lit 19^ L1$\JJ j. investigation of the toxicity and mode of action V K* ox certain amines and other incidental chemicals employed in manatactuning processes in the Be ton Jougo plant of Ethyl Corporation - materials examined in preliminary manner- ,, . 4. investigation of the toxicity, mode of action o f xy U d i n e and aionooxethyl aniline, and of the practical hazards of their use as antiknock compounds iu motor- fuels . (Oompletion of fairly ooEprehens1ve work begun on behalf of Ethyl Corporation and Associated Ethyl Co. Ltd. during The war .) p ,-jJ j . 4 . investigation of the iimaediate toxicity of certain detergents for use in Ethyl cleaner tor Ethyi Specialties Corporation 5/ >*j 3* Investigatien of the effects of contact oi human skin with IthyI Cleaner and its constituents iZy,) human subjects studied in 1346) ) -J * /,,/ l-. lavestigation of the cutaneous irritant pro perties oi" impermeable gloves developed for use by Ethyl Corporation research, laboratories in the l .K.L. manufacturing plants and. elsewhere - (oB human subjects studied in 1946) rj4 7* Library work in literature research and eoiapliU" lien of bibliogiaphies, by library staff ana memoors of research scuff of Laboratory bibout B yc-;,-arute iterao of work of variable size ana scope j.n I L t , together with systematic accumulation and classifi cation of references and reprints on lead compounds halopcnafed hydrocarbons and detergents/ ,y '-jv j :>. loavesligation of analytical methods for ieac. in Biological materials, including short, screening method for diagnostic purposes , and the 6et exuiinaticn of radioactive iso topes of lead 4 )'yj\j.o ' 9. Investigation of the d i s tribution of lead and certain other materials (Bromine) in the air of Cincinnati in relation to various environmental factors, including automobile and aeroplane exhaust .as. (Begun in October) loral Cost of Investigarive work, with exception of certain overhead costs,Including those of top apervtsion and administration v4p ,734 .-tJ ' K 0014254