Document KR6jzMJ1BJY9pb6LrR5VvKYZ6

Ill-Lead HIT PLUMBING I Forward Step Id Construction Methods h e r l is a annum; conviction In addition the flexibility of lead Tamong the members of the build permits movement or settling to occur ing industrv that one of the means uwfithout damaging piping or plumbing speeding up building and reducing fixtures. Lead pipe lias a smooth bore cost- w ij] be the me of unit construc w hich does not easilv become clogged. tion of sub-assemblies. This practice It is extremely durable and is there can be adapted to main phases of fore almost universallv accepted bv building construction and actual ex city and state plumbing codes. amples of its usefulness are already On single installations l nit Plumb appearing to demonstrate the ingenu ing can provide the advantages of all ity of the men of the building indus try . Of particular interest is the adapta tion of lead plumbing to unit con struction. an example of which, illus trated in our November-December. 1945 issue, showed the entire all-lead roughing in for a complete hath room, lead plumbing at costs which do not exceed those of other construction methods. In cases where the identical bathroom arrangements are to he used in several locations, substantial sav ings should he possible through the use of assembly jigs. In either case construction time can he saved and Another aU-leutl Unit Plumhing in stallation showing (/('Oil appenriwrr as utrll as spare oiling. confusion on the job avoided. The use of all-lead unit plumbing has definitelv proved its worth a- a tune and money saver. shop constructed, ready to be set in place. Two additional examples from a different citv are shown herewith Ill Laboratory Waste Lines of Lead Pipe which illustrate a different hut equally successful application of the idea ol unit plumbing. In these installation.- In Firestone Research Building the all-lead under floor as-emhlv was constructed complete on the hencli and the lead stack and rent unit was wiped in place on the |"b. This pro cedure provides supports lor the en tire assemblx in the bmn of llange joints at the lloor plate. HL prime requisites of the ma action ol prarlicaliv all ol the active Tterials used in the drainage -vs- chemicals which enter lab.uatoiv tern of a lahoratorv are durahilitwva.-te line- and because p i- llcvible under rigorous condition.- of exposure it can be formed to fit into -paces and adaptability In fabrication prac where rigid material- cannot cniivcnitices which facilitate installation in entlv be applied. In addition becau-e connection with other equipment. lead i- easilv welded, all line- can be The procedure in utilizing the ad Lead possesses these two attributes in continuous o( this most mrro-inn re vantages of all-lead unit plumbing combination to a remarkable degree. sistant metal without gasket-, sleeves mav be varied to suit the individual Lead is highiv resistant to corrosive or packings of other material-. job or to coordinate the work ol the plumber with that of other trades. I tew of l>l pr shall shooing she Pin. Itahi t Irani niuntluhl al hloui 'Jai. W haterer method is used there are numerous advantages to he gained. The overall speed of building con struction can be accelerated because the plumber- work is dmie largely in the simp where it i- accessible and working conditions are of the best. Also the use of a single material elim inates the necessity of assembling a number of dissimilar items, -ome of u hich mav be scarce or hard to obtain. The work is assembled with a mini mum of joints since changes of direc tion arc made with lends instead of fittings. What joints ate required ac tually bond the parts together into a single unit which cannot loosen. LI*25876 Island tables in laboratory showing lead trap discharging into lend drain in floor trench. ITall service cabinet showing lead waste and lead trap discharging directly into drain in pipe shaft. 4'oorhies. Walker. Foley and Smith. Architects of the recently completed research laboratory for the Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. at Akron. Ohio, have taken full advantage of the workabilitv of lead while making use of its corrosion resistant properties in the laboratory drains. A skillfully planned arrangement of floor trenches on 12-ft. centers connecting with pipe shafts at the column locations on 24-ft. centers provides means to bring a full comple ment of services such as gas. water, electricitv. steam, air vacuum, etc., within a few feet of anv location in the laboratory area. This arrange ment combined with a system of mov able steel partitions provides the com|>letelv flexible floor plan so necessary to an active laboratory. 411 services including the waste slack are provided in the pipe shafts. 4t laboratorv lloor slab levels each 'haft is traversed on three sides by a 3 in. lead drain connected to the stack and having stubs looking out at the lloor trench locations which radiate from the shaft. These stubs provide connections for lead drains from sinks as required when the individual laboratories are fitted up. In manv cases laboratorv arrange ments make possible the location of service outlets in narrow cabinets along the walls, in which case the drains serve small basins under the water goosenecks. These drains are of I'-j-in. lead pipe connected to drum traps which are in turn con nected directlv to the stubs above mentioned. Where island tables are required all sinks and basin wastes are served by a lead waste and a lead drum trap in the cabinet under the table. The trap discharges into a lead waste line which runs in the nearest pipe trench to the stub at the pipe shaft. All lead pipe used in the laboratory drainage svstem is Class 100 I A 4A or XXS I weight. All joints are welded so that no metal other than lead is ex posed to the attack of any corrosive liquids or gases which mav be intro duced into the drainage svstem. Con tinuous support is provided for hori zontal runs in the form of steel chan nels bolted to the cabinet structure. 411 of the leadwork was done bv the plumbing contractor. Spohn Heating and \entilating Co. of Cleveland. Ohio. Lead Water Services Reconnected to Sew Main Along Entire Block of \ew York Street RECENT change in the water vice and to a new corporation union. A main on 39th Street between The existing services were in excellent Second and Third Avenues in Necwondition and in spite of their age 4 ork Citv necessitated the extension of showed no indication of corrodmi some forlv lead water services to con damage or other weakne-s. nect v\ ith tile new 12-in. line which re The larger services were icneued placed the old 9-in. line. The new line from the curb >lop to the rorporathui was laid and all tappings made before stop w hich called lor the use ol uni' n- the pressure was applied, leaving the wiped on to both ends of' the new lead plumbers free to handle the change- pipe. In the case of these large lines. overs with a minimum of inconveni 13 of which were 2-in. and two were ence to the propertv occupants. l1 g-in.. the flexihilitv of the lead pipe Thi s is one of the older section? of simplified the manipulation of the the city occupied largely by typical connection as well as provided future hrownstone residences. Most of the protection against breakage hv settling services have been in place for many or other movement. All of the lead vears hut in the case of the smaller pipe used on this project w as < .lass 75 xsservice lines the extension was accom i .4 4 or i. as designated bv the new plished bv merelv wiping a new sec Federal Specification 44 44 -P-325. tion of lead pipe to the old water ser The use of lead service pipe is ex- 3-- -- L IA25877 tensire throughout the cit>' of JS'eu York. The wisdom of this practice is demonstrated by the fact that all of the old lead lines involved in this large group of changeovers were, without exception, in perfect condition and were easily extended by merely attach ing new sections of lead pipe. Flexibility oi 2.in. lead water service pipe facilitated lacing up the union connection being tightened bv the workman. Extending these D/e-in. and 3,i-in. service lines required only wiping on short length oi lead pipe. Two Lead Towers of Mills-Packard Design la ing strips which will be bolted o\er lead fins burned to the chamber walls Modernization Of Detroit Sulphuric Add Plant extending from bottom to top. As steel work proceeds, the lead burner (in this case Ross Anderson of WO new Mills-Packard water- because of its ability to withstand suc Tcooled chambers for the produc cessfully the corrosive action of the tion of sulphuric acid have recentalycid, is the onl\ materia] to come in Columbus, Ohio i prepares the lead sheets for erection. The lead sheets used for the side walls are tapered in been placed in operation in the plant contact with the chemical. The steel width to conform with the decreasing wf the Detroit Chemical Works. De framework, erected first, consists of diameter of the chamber with increase troit. Mich. These two new frustocon- upright T bars approximately 5 ft. on in height. Due to the greater corro ical shaped chambers are of lead and steel construction and are replacing three of the six conventional box center at the base set parallel to the slope of the chamber walls with cir cumferential spacer angles at vertical siveness of the acid at the bottom of the chamber heavier weights of sheet lead are used for the chamber pan- chambers with which the plant was originally equipped. Despite the re duction in the number of chambers, intervals of 7 ft. Attached to the angles are steel links to support clamp then for the chamber walls or cur tains. The bottom and low er 12-inches the company expects production of 60 deg. Baume sulphuric acid to be in The new Mills-Packard water cooled sulphuric acid chambers proimtine through the roof oi the chamber building of the Detroit Chemical U ml:-. creased rather than decreased due to Detroit, Michigan. the greater efficiency of the Mills- Packard water cooled chambers. An drew M. Fairlie, consulting chemical engineer of Atlanta. Ga., designed the installation. Mr. Fairlie is considered one of the foremost authorities on sul phuric acid-plant construction and op eration and was the designer of the worlds largest Mills-Packard acid plant located 11 miles southeast of Tampa. Fla.* The chambers just completed at the plant of the Detroit Chemical Works are 50 ft. high with a diameter of 28 ft. at the bottom and 18 ft. at the top constructed of lead supported by a free standing steel structure. Lead. * Set- Chemical and Metallurgical Engi neering. September, 1943. 4-- -- L IA25878 One of the 40-year old box chambers still in operation. Compare meagre supports with the method used on the new type chamber in picture at right. View at bottom of Mills-Packard chamber showing method used to support lead walls. l\ote the lead fins stiffened with steel straps and attached to steel structure with links. of the pan wall are made of 12-lb. lead, and the upper 12-inches of pan wall is of 9-lb. lead. The chamber cur tain or side wall is of 7-lb. lead, which weight continues from the top of the pan wall to the top of the chamber. The three weights of lead (12-lb.. 9-lb. and 7-lb.) are rolled at the lead mill as a continuous sheet about 50 feet long. Sheet lead "fins," mentioned above, approximately 3-in. wide are then The sulphuric acid is discharged into the lead "boot" at lower left whence it is com eyed to storage tanks. The test ing station and all equipment including tups and even the floor are of lead. burned at right angles to the outer face of the lead side walls running from top to bottom. These are spaced to conform with the position of the links on the steel wmrk. When the pre pared lead sheet is hoisted to its proper position the sheet lead fins, made rigid bv narrow1 steel clamping bars bolted to both sides are. in turn, bolted to the steel links. The in dividual lead sheets forming the chamber are lap jointed vertically and burned together in place. The top of the chamber is supported in essentially the same manner as the side walls. This method of construction allows a certain amount of movement of the lead independent of the steel frame. A fine spray of water necessary for box. centered on the chamber top. The water runs continuously into the box, the upper edge of which is ser rated. The serrations can easily be bent by hand to allow more or less water in any one direction. There is also a serrated gutter of sheet lead en circling the outer edge of the chamber at its top, this gutter further control ling the even distribution of the water. The box chambers which were re placed by the Mills-Packard chambers had withstood the attack of sulphuric acid for a period of 40 years. This Detail on top of a Mills-Packard cham ber. The atomisers tor water spray are shown in place in the "lutes." The lead "lute caps" stand beside them on the sheet lead tower roof. the production of the acid is intro duced into the chambers through i atomizers inserted into luted openings called "lutes" in the top of the cham ber. Each lute is made of two concen tric lead upstands. one inside the other, and when not in use the lead nozzle can be taken out and a lead cover or "lute cap" placed over the I opening. The SO, gas. which enters the chamber at about 210 deg. F.. is cooled to 170 to 190 deg. F. bv means of water flowing down around the out side of the chamber. The flow of water evenly around the chamber is controlled by a circular sheet lead 5-- -- i LIA 25879 excellent service was given despite the fact that thev were not as well sup ported as the Mills-Packard chambers nor were they equipped with anv cool ing devices and therefore operated at higher temperatures. However, the compam found that w ith the new type chambers production could be in creased and both floor space and quantitv of lead required per ton of acid per dax could be reduced. The smaller ratio of chamber space to arid production per dax would indicate that the new equipment operates more efhcientK and more economically . Lead Adds Brilliance to Fine Glassware HE art of making fine glassware Thas for centuries been regarded as one of the most honored crafts, but until George Havenscroft in 1676 sui cessfulb produced lead glass the maximum possibilities of the glassmakers art could not be realized. Rax enscroft discovered that hx substitu ting lead for lime in the mix he could produce a glass of great claritv and brilliance which had vastly improved working qualities. Less than a dozen examples of the work of this great master survive todax but the makers of fine glassware continue to benefit In his discovery of the properties im parted to glass b\ the addition of lead. Fine glassxvare or ''crvstal" glass should he absolutelx transparent, col orless and free of imperfections. Onlx In the use of lead and through the utmost care in manufacture can these xpjalities he achieved. Such glass is heavv. durable, absolutelx transparent and so highly refractive that it seems to be alive with light. It rings like a hell when struck lightly with a pencil. The lead in the form of lead oxide A lenti g'ass goblet b\ George Ratensrrott (circa 167ti>. the only one ol the seten kntncn signed pieces uhirh is in the l nited Stales. \aie in the eollection oi the Steuben Glass Co. I litharge i is mixed w ith sand, potash and cullet l broken glass i in a dry state and melted in specially prepared clax pots. The glass is worked at a temper ature of about liSlK) deg. f. It is a thick viscous fluid, incandescent red in color, which is dipped from the pot in a glowing blob on the end of a blow pipe. It is fashioned into graceful glittering shapes hx skilled workmen using a few simple tools. As it coolit loses its incandescence and assumes the colotless brilliance for which the lead content is responsible. As in the days of Havenscroft fine glassware is still made lu individual skilled craftsmen to the designs of trained artists. The modern pieces shown on this paae are from the stu dios of Steuben Glass, a subsidiary of Corning Glass Co. of Corning. "Vx> Aork. This company maintains a staff of creative artists headed h\ John Montieth Gates, an architect, and Sid ney Waugh, a sculptor, as well as a group of highly skilled workmen. Fine glassware has long had an im portant place in the American scene. The cut alas- of grandmother's dav owed its brilliance and clarity to its lead content. The most beautiful tableware and decorative glass of today likex i-e ooes much of its lustre and transparency to the high proportion of lead used m its composition. 6-- L1A25860 l X Portfolio of American Landmarks j. No. 35 Wood Built Houses Id Wiscasset, Maine The Clapp House built in 1789 is re puted to be the old est house in JFiscasket. The white lead painted walls are a pleasing back ground tor the lux uriant lilac bushes which give the house its name oi "Lilac Cottage."' The Lre- S m t1 h house, built in 1792 bv Judge Silas Lee and acquired in 1831 by Governor Samuel E. Smith. The exceptionally fine woodwork o> cornices and balus trades has been fieri ret! r fireserved bv pure white lend paint. I.eilgr.s Inn. built in 18d.i. tarries the l rati i lion oj fine workmanship well into the 19th cen tury. It has also t arried the tradition nt the best painting jiractire up to the tietual present. It is todrn protected by pure white lead }>aint. PAYTON < N PLI. ISCASSET, Maine, incorpo W rated in 1760, had grown into a moderatelv prosperous community by the beginning of the 19th century through the export of forest products. During the Napoleonic Wars, how ever. Wiscasset was an important shipping point for the trade which w as carried on with the belligerant coun tries under the neutral United States flag and the early eighteen hundreds were vears of great prosperity for the tow n. The landmarks shown on this page represent substantial earlv VS iscasset as well as the wealth' prosperous dais of the shipping boom. The Clapp house, now known as "Lilac Cottage. ` is a charming but plain utilitarian home characteristic of the thrift' hardworkingNew England merchant of the earl\ davs. The Lee-Smith house and Ledges Inn are both noire pretentious and show e'idences that their miner.' had expensi'e tastes and also had the monev logratif' them. All of these house', the plain a~ well as the ornate, have been kept in excellent repair bv owners who fully appreciate the importance of their architectural treasures. They are all still under the protection of pure white lead paint which has played an im portant part in preserving so manv of the Landmarks of American Architec ture. nil- 1< NO : OK A SERIES KKI'KKSKNTATH K OK T1IK MANY AMERICAN I AN DM ARKS IN VARIOUS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FI TI RE WITH TI RE WHITE LEAD AND OIL FAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALIY AYS BEEN PROTECTED WITH THIS RELIABLE MATERIAL ACCORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. LI A 25861 Sheet Lead Pan Lintel Flashings Protect Interior Finish From Wall Leakage PRACTICAL solution to the the structural lintel and extending A ever present problem of pro slightly past the inside face of the wall tection of inside window heads frosmo that the upstanding lip of the pan is uall leakage is used in the Firestone free of the wall surface. The outer Research Laboratories building in edge of the pan is turned down over Akron. Ohio. This detail, which could the lintel and extends to the outer face be used in anv building where the in of the wall. The pan extends well over terior finish is not applied directly to the ends of the lintel. Weep holes are the exterior wall construction consists provided by building greased rubber of a sheet lead pan set directly over tubing into the first masonry joint on top of the pan. This tubing is pulled out after the mortar has set and the exposed joint between lead and archi tectural lintel is sealed with calking compound. This detail from the office of Yoorhies. Walker. Foley and Smith has proved to be satisfactory in a number of other installations and it was used throughout on the windows of the laboratory building. The construction of the pan is simple and requires no soldering since the corners can be formed by folding. The "pig ears" or folded corners can be turned on the ends xvhere they will be held in place bv the abutting masonry. Since some Th Uiitwiny articles and reprints contain information, drawinft and spociteatioos on tit* toe of load protfueti Helpful to architects, engineer* and other* in the construction industry- The/ me arallibio, froc of charic, upon request to the Load Industries Association, 420 Lttinqton Avenue, Now York 17, N. Y. PROPERTY PROTECTION WITH WHITE LEAD PAINT A 28 p*ge booklet oo the protective value, durability and beauty of pure white lead paint with quantity estimating tablet, formula* and mixing and tinting itmuctiooi for exterior and interior ute. RED LEAD FOR STRUCTURAL TTORK By Dr. L, L. Carriek, Director, Red Lead Reteareh, Lead lodottriet Association A discuttioB of tbe nj't inhibitor qualities of red lead paint and tbe best mean* of making use nf tbo'-e qualities for tbe protection of structural metal. Reprinted from Engineering .Yews Record, April 6. 1943. LEU) CARRIES ITS HEIGHT By Fred P. Peter# An interesttnc resume of manv of tbe long e-tab li-bed ues of lead p)u> informauun on a oumbet <! recently developed adaptations of the propertie<>f lead to special purpoe-. Reprinted from Scien .life American, June, 3944. STAMFORD'S DOUBLE LIFETIME HOME A complete analysis of hard lead flashing. white lead paint, lead plumbing, plywood and red cedar Certigrade shingle detail* and installation methods. Hepnnted from American Builder, July. 1939. SUMMARY OF NOTES ON LEAD ROOFING A brief description of the u-e- <>( leail fur ronfinc and fla-bing purposes and ihe proper practice* of it* application. Reprinted from Sheet Metal Worker STOP DEMON RUST 1 eabei giving concise, simple in-t rurtinn* in the u-e <>f the rust preventing qualities of Red Lead Pain: in protecting farm machinery. FEDERAL SPECIFICATION TTW-P-S25 For Pipe Bends and Trapa, LEAD Part 5 of Section IV' of tbe Federal Standard* Stock Catalog, official publication by the Govern ment Printing Office. LEAD EQUIPMENT USED IN INDUSTRY By F. E, Formser, Secretary of Lead Induatriea Association A nummary of the ue? <f lead in the production and handling of eorrosiv* chemical-. Reprinted from "Metal Progress" to be included in the next edition of American Society for Metals Handbook. NEW LEAD COATING PROCESS ELIMINATES I SE OF ZINC ALLOYS By V. Yookman, Engineer, Weaiern Fleeirie Co. A description of a successful hot dip lead coating* process with complete instructions for changing over from hot dip galvanizing using the same equipment. Reprinted from Product Engineering. Mav. 1944 COMMERCIAL STANDARD?: Calking Lead. CS94-41 Lead Pipe, CS-95-41 Lead Traps and Benda, C&96-41 Official publications Lv the Government Printing Of fice of the above Commercial Standard- a- protnul gated by the L`. S. Department <>f Commerce through the National Bureau of Standard*, effective i une 23. 1941. LEAD COATINGS ON STEEL By Harold A. Knight, News Editor, Metal* and Alloys A thorough discu*ioo of hot dip and electroplated coatings on steel abeet. wire and fabricated prod ucta including the technique of application, thick nesa of coatings, u*e and advantages. Reprinted from tbe November, 1944 i-u of A/tio/s and Alloys. MATERIALS AM) METHODS OF X-RAY PROTECTION By George Singer, Acting Chief Radiation Section, National Bureau of Standard*., ^ aaltington, D. C., and George C- Lawr ence, Ph.D., National Reaeareh Council of Canada A di*< u--ion of the n;jr."ial- -uital lo for u-r in shielding X-ray in-taliation- giving method* of and graphs for computing required thickness of barriers, based on tube current and di'tanre a "ell a* lube voltage. Reprinted from Industrial Radiography Vnl. IV. No. 2. Fall, 1945. LEAD X-RAY SHIELDLNC Graphic chart baed on recommendations of the International Cotnminion on X-Ray and Radium Protection giving thicknes-ea of lead for respective voltages in millimeters, mebes and pound* per square foot. Section through uiniiou /tent! showing lend part ttu\hit:g mg bock to reeene ole t eul. tig' trom wall abate. cement mortars are sbm to carbonate completely and may therefore, for an appreciable time, create a corrosixe condition, the pan should be gi\en a heavy coat of asphalt paint before be ing covered uith ma-niirv. This simple and inexpen-ixe appli cation of sheet lead will provide posi tive disposal of any water that max leak through the wall at anx point above the xwndoxx and eliminate the hazard of damage to blinds or drapes. BUY SAVINGS BONDS UPON REQUEST, THE LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION WILL BE GLAD TO MAIL "LEAD" REGULARLY, FREE OF CHARGE TO THOSE INTERESTED, AND WILL COOPERATE WITHOUT OBLIGATION IN THE SOLUTION OF YOUR LEAD PROBLEMS LIA25S6 2 PRINTED IN U. S. A *Y PUBLISHERS PRINTING fOWPiM NEW YORK CITY