Document KJr3JMyDRJOY8zp5x2rb12Ozo

SUMMARY FOR WORK PERFORMED FOR THE GERMAN GOVERNMENT AGENCY FOR MILITARY TECHNOLOGY AND PROCUREMENT ON FIRE EXTINGUISHING FOAM COMPOUNDS FROM MULTIPLE COMPANIES TEST SUBSTANCE Identity:A mixturecontainingPerfluorooctanesulfonatweh,ich may also be referredtoas PFOS, FC-95, or as a component of FC-206. (1-Octanesulfoniacid)(CAS # 2795-39-3). Remarks: The 3M productionlotnumber was notnoted.The test sample is FC-206. Currentinformationindicateistisa mixtureof0.67% PFOS, 17.5% diethyleneglycolbutylether,78.91% water,1.33% Hydroxy foamer,1% sodium octylsulfate0,.04% sodium laurylsulfate0,.5% polyoxyethylenemonooctylphenylether,and 0.05% tolyltdazole. The followingsummary applies toa study done by a thirdparty (Dr. H. Hellman and D. Muller)forthe German Government Agency For MilitaryTechnology and Procurement forpurposes of comparing the environmental properves of foam extfnguishingagents from multiple companies, including3M's FC-206. Data may not accurately retlect the environmental propertiesof the fluorochemical proportion of the testsample. STUDIES Zinc,iron,and copper content;surfacetension;Chemical Oxygen Demand; 5-Day BiochemicalOxygen Demand; ToxicitytoFish(species notgiven);ToxicittyoWater flea(Daphnia magna); ToxicitytoAlgae (speciesnotgiven);Bacteriainhibiti(osnpeciesnotgiven) Report date: 1977 METHODS: Chemical Oxygen Demand was measured usingpotassium permanganate and potassium dichromate. BiochemicalOxygen Demand evaluatedusinga TotalOrganicCarbon degradationtestdeveloped by the BundesanstaltfurGewasserkunde. ToxicitytoFishwas evaluatedaccordingtotheGerman standardprocess forwatertesting(DEV) L 15 Toxicityto Daphnia was evaluatedaccordingtotheGerman standard processforwater testing(DEV) L 11 ToxicitytoAlgae was evaluatedaccordingtothe German standard processforwatertesting(DEV) L 12 The method forevaluatingbacteriailnhibitiownas notdescdbed. RESULTS Fish LCN Daphnia EC50 Algae EC50 Bacteriainhibition BOD21/COD Results > 1000 mg/L >250 mg/L >250 mg/L Inhibited -7% Remarks: The above toxicitdyatadidnothave testdurationinformation. DATA QUALITY ReliabilityK:limischranking= 4. Allstudyvaluescome from a summary listonly. No raw data or method documentation was available.The study summary failedto disclosedurationof toxicittyesting.Itisnot clearwhy such low biodegradabilitywas observed when the products contain materialsthatare known to readilybiodegrade. The sample puritywas not properlycharacterizedand the study lacks analyticalconfirmationof the amount of fluorochemicalproportioninthe solution. OTHER Submifter: 3M Company, Environmental Laboratory, P.O. Box 33331, St. Paul, Minnesota, 55133 Last changed: 6/26/00 Onto 'TECHNICAL AWARENESS TO: TECHNICAL COMMUNICATIONS CENTER - 201-2CN (firiportta-nWheneveprossiblaet,tacahfulclopyofthemateriyaoluhaveabstracted@) C(ir@tribLitor Division -I-"ricA. R(-inor lenvironmental Lab (EE & L] Journal 0 Book Other . G rmin Age tioonlOriginal 0 Patent (3 IPIcasSspeclfv) ara t r I)Oioyca Reference(e.g.A,uthor.Till*i,ssueDate,Volume, Page.etc.), PC) Em-PTo-ve-uom-bMer 47816 Dr. H. Hellman and D. Mui@r,"Environmental Impact of Fire Extinguishing Foam Compounds." The study was carried out by the West German Department of Water Technology for the West German Agency for Military Technology -in(]Procuremont. (Translated by G. Diersson, March 1, 1980). Al,%ir.i(rg.i1vvootiorwn tibnotn thesourcedocument) 'I'hi.rseport compares the environmental acceptability f 6 AFFF Agents including FC 3017 (identified in the report as FC-201?, freeze protected), FC-206, and FC-200. The researchers measured biodegradability, aquatic NLoxicity,,heavy metal concentration, and surface tension. The report recommends avoiding use of the 3M AFFF products since all were difficult to biodegrade, but the biodegradation results and their interpretation are questionable. Comparisons of BOD5 and COD showed that the 3M products were more readily degraded than the competitive products, yet the authors chose to give more credence totests measuring dissolved total organic carbon (TOC) concentration over a 21 day period. These tests gave results that were inconsistent with the BOD results. In these tests 3M products inexplicably did not degrade. Cc)pyL#st(copietso be suniby Originator) Itemssubmittoendthifsormwe publishientdhe3M TechnicAawlwonesGsazette. Complivient to Report of Bundesanstalt f@r Gawasserkunde 10. April 1979 -@-Nlb/340.22/2596 Fire X Study c&rriod out for flundeamt fur wehrtechnlk und beachaffung (Cov*rmmt Agency For MiLlita*ryT*cbnoloky ond Proc4r*miint) Report: BA 111 l-E/B31E/70145/76066 of October 12 1977. Reporter:, Obarroglev=$*I-at, P. -H&Uer Koblenz 1979 Table of Contents. I. Introduction 2. Definition of Problen and Task 3. Test Results "lul- cbmte" lf"ts" upts for slocbowaat 3.3 To*teolqw Tests posr*44tm 4. Zvaiimaim" of -Rosulta "4: C6itI.041*u:. dations for Technical Ordaiing Specifications Conclusion Page 3 4 5 7 12 15 18. 19 Enclosures: Literature list Add:L*tlo'ns -2- INTRODUCTION For fIre extinguishing- foam compounds one can di*tU4ulah six application rogions: 1. General application (local fire protection) 2. Solvent industry 3. Fighting of tarkwihydrido fires for instance In rofSmrt"- (closed syqlt sio@tciw equipawti, liftb V*lt*s* ApplICUUms In 4drports. @6. Applications on ships. In the pro t study it vill appear that airport fires take on O;iifoti, re# Importance(1). It Is obvious, that a few seconds in time can asks lwtportant difference for saving human lives, and that the question of OMUW awmtal endangering especially of vaters and streams does &some soom vhat, less lwrtance. But vater safety need not be completely aveiru*ked "peci-, aliy because most of the actually used fir* extinguishing enapoundi ar'e used.@ training 36adebanstalt fur Gov""rkunde. (Dept..of Vatat Tecbo@)102y) ip to; the @took from the Ministoriume fur Ernibiru*S, fill ("*try of Food Agriculture and Forestry of NordrMI4-w"tf4i") to pvii uat*-the $&pact of fom extinguishing couppunds on the vater quality. ,eight fo4ae*tinpdohUg compounds from 8 suppliers vere eval"iod cheuic&W-' physically and biochemically for possible tindangeri@S of vater, @Diffireat bral2@t'.4d:,varyIn degradation and'toxicity. Ropecially.the 5% faaa ext, 'Solutions used can in the followftg daa*goi -3- - Poisoning of natural water purification (in streams) - Poisoning or damage to fish and fish food animals. - Reduction of oxygen contact by metabolic processes (surface or ground water) - Reduction of water quality by org=lc compounds (general) - Undesirable reduction processes in the groun4v-water. -TMO report VON P&Tttos 41io. Involv*4.-ouch the the authorilti"respossiblefor vtt.orpurlty. Ann; CO"0%0" otbormooth*sac6nsld-. *rations were taken into account In the DIN- standards. 2. DEFINITION OF PROBLE)( AND TASK After several discourses in 1977 between represen%atives of tjto Bundosamtes fur Wahrtachnik and Beachaffung and the Bundesanstalt f*u'rGewa*morkunde (BFG), the BFG was authorized an Oct. 12, 1977 to carry out a sp*oo. cial study. This stu@y should only cover the products used by the.BwklovahiD@@l' (W. German military) and also products which are considered for*possible ww lntrodbctlon. An a firstobjectiveth* environmental :Lnfiuanceof the fol'lowlagsix extinguishing compounds should be determined: -4- NO Product 1 Fluor protein 2 Light Water, FC 206 Cc3'oii (frost protected) 3 Light Water, FC 206 (normal) 4 L:LgbtW"or YC 200 botsft FaftUd 6 Ex""I 7 IL5 Manufacturer Firm Dr. R Sthmer, Hmburs Firm 3 M, Neuss Firm 3 M, Nauss lptre.3No Name ]Dr I- Sthoor, Rmbqrg rs= Hoechst Ag, Frankfurt/Hoochat The two typos of Liiht-Waterare offered an being especiallysafe to tha owirommmt" (Accordingto BWB). Light Water FC 200 is reportedto be out of production,but shouldbe evaluatedfor comparison. The test for eaviromantal impactshould,If possible,be tested for 5% solutions used (for Light Water 6Z) and encompassthe followingparmaters: Surf-a**tension actlirity -Toxicity Bioebmical dogradation -'Contimtof h"vy metals Flame point. The final report should also contain recommendationsfor the technical procurementspecifications(TL). The finalreport was scheduled for completionIn Sept 1978.. Dut'tO@,: alckno.so-ofon* of the lnv"tigatotoit w" delayedfor so" -5- 3. TEST RESULTS 3.1 Physical- Chemical Tests The first test result gives the heavy metal content which v" 1) u:Lnodby X-ray fluor"conea doter- Evaluatin the figures.of Table I listing the heavy metal content, the two coupmmdo Floorprotsin (No 1) and Protein foan- goopouqd (Nip5) st".d",t. ior -tn"rprot"u dw xsm apd :Lr" cmtqoktOf ow appi (a"*=")Vtt*40"@a 53"/1 rospeetttvoiay .!Per %be 40004 coqm=W the Lvm amtest of 50 ag/i a out. All othit: b*M mt&l conamtrations such as ths especially recorddd levels for coppet* are uniaportant. Table 1 Heavy metal content in foam ext NO. "Nriginal Products Fe cis ppe 160 100 7 .8 13 6 2 970 6 3 9 ng 1001 ounds. % Solutions zn du 40 004 Got 30 ots 0002 .09,02 0902 .0,02 0102 1) Dot*ruln d by Dipl. Chem. U. Schloichort -6- When the flame point is determined, the water content of the sample 0 must be considered. Flame points above 100 C, the boiling point of water, 2) could not be determined. As could be expected none of the tested samples 0 did have a flame point below 100 C. It should be obvious that none of the products vmld omtain fl*=dable -ablvouts. 3) The surface, or Lnterphase tensions can be seen from Table 2. The surfmm tension water/*Ir generally drops some for concentrations from 50 mg/l to $00 me/l. The surface tmolon Is 10*stoffoctodfor 3*5 (ftatain-fwm extlnulaher), Wiestaffected for two Ught-W*ter tnms of FC'206- type, 7b& reason for this Is found In the chudeal composition of the extlguish:Lng compounds. Protein foam agent* can be expected to be generally i"ctlvd to the water/air Lnterphase; while tensides and also so called "synthatic"pro- ducts are interphase active. The interphase activity is less a product specific, but rather a group specific characteristic. T,ibI-o 2 Interi)li-.-tircetivitv No. Interphise -ictivity --itPo 0 C dyn/cm) 50 loo 2sd No so 40 ss ss 30 36. jig moM 2) Determined according to Abel-Ponsky in closed vessel.; DIN 51 755, Ed. 966 3) Interphase- Tonsiometer, according to Nooy, firm. A. Krona, Hamburg -7- 3.2 riiatfor Biochmica.1 Degradation To evaluate the water polution characteristics of compounds, it is of .9-4 d" - - ('- " 1-@LI-1-j@Interest to sum up the ch al parameters# potassium permanganate and o A.-ec)- d-4-.-%.L%s eat(fo 0) 46005 potassium dichromate uptake, (CSB). Th* biochemical oxygen uptake (BSB coo 5 B5 of DEV (4)) can be used especially in combination with CSB to prelin4iner- :uy evaluate the degradation. COO :Wbes the CSB analyticaltett gives reliable results (thU, for Instance, Is not always true when hydrophobic compound#'..? we bein tAwt*4)ou =at emoldw pmltllve result derived from the COS-I/9tdtma3Pj,: @4it9 ua%a. while "SatiLvo mmits am not be comtod. since t lnoubatton period for the BSB-Ust under *an* conditions does not encovasli",. nificient time for adaptation of the organisms active in the biological breakdown. It in not certain that toxic inhibitions can be excluded :tu 600 standard BSB (5). To better insure remlts concerning the degradation F..,o In *p6asible by evaluating the CSB.ZBSB ratio, one must carry out extensive dogradatdft tests, where the Incubation time, the inoculation material and,,. other parameters are detera:Lned, so that further breakd4wn than for the : f*vo dai UB-tent can be evaluated. .At present there are International effortaunderway to itandardito d4.. gradation tests. Foi'this Investigation of breakdown of fi foam,*compounds a now T.O.C.- degradation test (6$ developed by the Bun"dawm,,@@l t fu'r dwas"r,kunde was used. Its test@-aftteriaIs the complete br"@A464n of, the total organic carbon (TOC). ,'Forthe test procedure the test compound serves as the only sour6leof carboni, laorgault =:Lneral salts are added In advaice. The lnc@batic4 tak",., place in"& S*Crew-capflask with air space, placed in a omkar. thai" tsi"tion tests for the fire extingulaWWS foam compounds were carri out'.a.t 20 C In the dark, in deviation from the stated test procedures* rt When the percentage breakdown according to the TOC-toot Is compared to .---results from other degradation tests, it must be taken into account, that the disappearance of one material from the solution is often considered as degradation. Under carain circumstances a high degradation can be simulated which actually in based upon physical processes such anfor instanc%aboorptlon of solids which has no relation to couplet* biological breakdown and Ac*ow4l% Abi'VOC mults to the "pariene" ptbond by pgrtlelp*tuu la a round t"t for completely solaue compounds a:rosomewhat lower than wbi;@ the breakdown is measured by the "U*dif led OBCD-Mprsening t"tll This "modifLod OECD -screening t"t" was tested by International round*t"t;*." it has acme dl"dw=Kngos 0--*M--OW *4*gradatiftMmt.,,A*$ -mot used for testing of awlsions and suapmajons. Since the products tested here are mixtures the results of the depraaatlm test is only well defln*d vhm a total breakdown Is recor4ed'. In ca"s where partlc]A br"kdov@ is observed,thts can be due to the fact that,'*'ouly part at the'product can be broken down,'while other parts can not. The br@akd'own of u:Lzture can then Oe manipulated by the mmufacturer by add lt:L.0it. of compounds which are easily broken 40v% but otherwise without function. Even though, It.is useful to test the breakdown of the prosiknt.utxture product*ibecause It gives a preliminary ranking of the products. yor tuture taits, which could be ca%TW -out after a period of a few years of us* It "uld to attempted to test the br"kdovn of the single coupononts of the products. RESULTS: Table 3 does list the measurevent results obtained for the org:Lnal Products, to *valuate the potential for @andangering of the water. Table 4 lists the percentage of degradation of the application solutions ofter a period, of-2 days together with other degradation parameters of interest. The apft:tf:ie,@. TOCd*gr&d&tlm curves &re incorporated In attachments 1,6. lbo T4"w obtained 'A frm TabU 3 sbm that the dlffe "a t products cont4ft: vo"lag 4WjntS of organic compounds. Ofcour" on* should count 4 low content. of organic materials and of organic carbon found In produqto 1,4 and 5 a$ positive factors vhon water endangering to to be judged. For the application solutions (table 4) the and BSB5 are listed gather with the ratio between these two factors and can be used in addition to the TOC- degradation results for.th*-4v&luatlmw. According to the ratio the product No 6 should be considered easy to degrade. For the prodUeta I and 5, which according to the TOC- degradation test appeiw sodium degradable (as also established from the metabolism test)* the unfawrable CBS/BSB ratio could 5 possibly be due to the chemical oxidation of Iran salts In the products. The Iron "Its would Increase the csg withoutIncreasing the BBB 50 The degradation of each product, separately, Is ev&l"ted as foll .Foam extingui*hug coupound No* shown a favorable ratio of Kmno .:Coned*- tion/ 4. , 12C"207 consumption, and shown good bacteria action In the notabolles, t"tg togetherwith a 47Z TOC- degradation. -30 '7 A :,Product No 2 ohms do ]clotIndicate a favorable CSB/BSB5 It must be rated as umuum datr,@dab@t. - ratio, but since th4i other t4to a good degradation rat* It is classified as dlfflcult*to L TW!4kt4daUsa of product 3 Is even less that of dogr*40 tuft product@2., so it Is classifted as difficult to degrade* Even though the degradation during the TOC-tawt w@ furtheta T 0,101e, 3 -10- Pot,enli:il@or endange-rin,,3f waters by @irii-,inaplroducts No K]KNO 4 used x CrO 27 used Org.0 content H 2 Oontent a) Organic part b) kgfl kil 0.20; ISS25 oels 89 30 17 2 0,098 3.436 0,24 S3 I at. OC> 0.065. ?.solo 0022 000$0 let?) olso 00 too? 4oJ65 fell 6$ -low a) only wp"zi@tais valusio b) only app"ximate valusel'burnaff values at 0 600 C and variilble duration Table 4 Biochemical --degradationof U21ioation ready 4olutions No Rate of mo Eig C;ro, x 21 mi@ 830 Dograd. Dogradi in sp to .,.0 nothabol.- Tob toot too+, Final oval, x) jrL-3ra7% 5.000 lop 13.10 2.$044450)U. 4.0" is.so difficult, 12 4 t-3so 5 1.100 6. 2.500 16-No ao.m 4.450 3.130 003 394 601 ost 092 its diffi 12 diffiftit 37 sodium' 62 *"Y *0 l,tedium pp X) avaluation of bioobemical degradation In Too- teitt(at 6tandard temperature of 2500) 2o % difficult to deprade 40 75 % sodium degradable 2o - 40 % olightly decftda*ble 75 - loo % T*ry 4*gr"ablo for product 4 than for products 2 and 3, It was classifled an difficult to degrade. For fire extinguishing foam compound 5, the metabolism test indicates that it can be broken down. A find:Lngwhich is confirmed by the results of the TOC- test. The product is classified as sodium degradable. For product 6 one fInds a complicated degradation bwpvtor which might originate fron the high toxic offeet of this product. After 7 days degr44- ti". olro4dy 102 of the 20C is broken 40 ywtuw 44yo-@atun *fts r ly after 14 t*4tbW 44y*g.but tha an tatm$:Lie dftvo" ttm 14-411. to do.wo of 6OX of the startUS TOC does take piece. The al@w down lo"br after 7 test days can be ovidusted organism involved. an a"pt4tlcm6 period for the a:Lcro-. 3.3 7bxlcoloKt testinit METHOD In the "Evaluation of the Water Endangering by Foam Zxtlagu:Lghus Cowmda" (2), the results concerning toxic effects towards algae and bacteria were discussed.. In this evaluation which is concerned with tests for products that papalb,ly- could be used In large amunts, the toxicoloiy'-t"e*vaTo*,i*te"lf4". addition to the Incorporation- metabolism te*ats, also tests w:Lth=all 14 crabs and fish were carried out. This way the previous results could be further confirmed. The toxicolgy test Is carried out according to the Germm st4ndard 'Pro- cass for water testing (DEV) (4) L ll,-L 12, and L 15. For th"etb4 latest Feet procedures were used an published by the responsible working co=Litte". For fish-tests the concentrations used were from 0 to 10,000 mg/l, vbor* -12- a large grauation of dilutions v" used. The further toxological test were carried out with smaller gradations from 0 to 210 mg/l to Immre, that the products could be differentiatedas well possible. RESULTS: ..Inthe enclosures I to 6, the results of the toxicology toots or&, :-as@Oo$4@-r"ctim cor"s and the r"ults are calculated and presenta,d n Table 5 nvauct we i. "nuoreaboms"st (Z&Clooure 1) is toxileat concestrattow of 10,000v4/1 th4t all t"t aninas "a die (SC 100 10000 mg/1). Bqt for thitconcentration 1000 as/i the product Is not detrimental(2c.0 1000 0 (RCo affective concentrationwith respect to tho corresponding tdst.o"SC - to too. the lowest tested concentration for which a 10OZ result with r*spect'tbthe' test criteriais rawrd*d-...Forthe fish.test,this Is the concentrationat which.all animals dia; EC 0 is the highest tested concentrationat which no significantreactionIs observedwith respect to the test critarla), Towards the small crabdaphnia uagna (water floe),the product in not. detrimental at the highest concentrationstested (ECO- 250 ag/1) lu photosynthesisactivity of algae is easily offect*dby Fluorachaqu- gelst*@-The effect is still below the criticalIW 50 as/l*; but at 160 ax/i it Is significant. t at concentrations of 'The bacteria oxygen uptake during br"k down of p*ptons in increased by thii'product.This makes the biochemical break down 6f the product itselfplaus"io. .Thisr"ult is also confirmedby the TOC - degradationtest (see. 302). TM product No2, Light Water, FC 206, frost-Insured (enclosure r"ct's *Wlar to product No 1 in the fish and daphnia tests. Also the romdt of the incorporationtest is similar to the firstproduct. But the InUNition of-tha'pbotosynth"isactivity is 1"&.and become o hijimt concentratlm 250 mg/l.CThe result of the we- figmt oaly*ot,the *Or I'ltko -13- definitely different than for the first product: Th*re is no methabolic incr"so which could be interpreted as a sign of break down. The TOC degradation test also does show a break down of less than 102. The results of the biological tests carried out concerning product No. 3 @L:LzhtWater, FC 206, normal.o.fare nearly Indentical to the results obtained for pr*4uct No. 2 Ught Water. fros,tprotected. The only differe3k4 is; tb4t *be ftau effacts towards alww prodo.ot go. 3. laacate4 for protuat 2 &re not f 10 Product No. 4. "Ugbt Water, PC 200, norml," to diffor*nt from the foam agents dlocussed previously by having a definite toxic ef*4Lkc,t towardsr., flih, crabs and algae. For fish the test animals di* already at 1000 (Eco 100 me/l, zcloo 10"/l). In the dapbuo test, 332 of the &nineis died within 24 hours at 100 mg/l. at 250 mg/l about 752 of the anluals died (EC@ 50 mg/l, EC,oo - 500 ag/1). The Anwrporation test for this product is already surp"aed at conc4m- tratmlonsof 5 mg/l; at'250 ag/l a complete Inhibition of &Is" recorded (ECO 2 mg/l, EC 250 mg/1). ac tivity Is Product No. 5 Protein Fam Mont, in all biological tests to equhl to product mb. 1. No significant toxic effects were found towar'4* algae it concentration of about 250 a$iI. For the nothabol:Lsu test a* lner"se@ In baiteria oxygen corporation was recorded, but it w" lose than for product No. 1. The result of the nothabollas test corresponds to a relative'iy positive 3*act:Lon towards the break down test. ,Productno. 6. Zxpyrol, Is exceptionally high in toxicity an. o break &m'. The toxicity against flab to high an for pr64uct No (Eco--itoont/i alw RCIOO 1000 as/1). For omll crab this pro4@", -!a -14- especially toxic (ECO 25 m g/l and EC,oo - 500 mg/1). The incorporation test shows an inhibition at 10%concentrations above 10 mg/l. For 250 ag/l there is a 65% inhibition. The metabolism curve of this product indicates that it contains meta- bolic active as wall as toxic compounds. Table 5 Results of toxicolo&X too.t ex,)res.sedin order of poison classes) No .0 2 6 Fish Daphne (D-BVL 15) (DL-VL11) ITT ITT Tti III It tit IT (,)Algae EVL 12% Bacteria inhibit. III III fit (DRVL 12) enhance. Total evaluation X) Poip-)n cl.ass 1 Proven in)iibitionon trpt.-anim-tl.-a,t cohcentraiionp be'o-m5 mgl 1 Piirin cliss 11 As in 1,%re,--ion5 to 2o,)mLv,/l Poi!-on clapr lllt No dit.-.ag-a3t concentrations below @'5?nig/l Total evaluatiint Calcu'Latecl by we i f.-t,-ohd avar6ge. The test rbsult .vith lo-.-;cc;rFi-ttic--illimit of concentr-ttioniq multiplied by 5 4. Evaluation of Results and Conclusions Summarizing the single criteria of the test, one can o@tain different results, depending upon what importance is given to the diff*reni criteria. The original products constitute a threat to biological systems such as the life in streams and biological systems of purification plants, due to their high toxic level to vhich.Oa surface tension, and for product 1, the content of zinc is added. The drinking water supply could be endangered by the content of just the organic material in the original compounds. Also the applicat-ion tran th 5-6 1 solutions of all products tested can lead to danger for biological systems due to their physical, chemical and toxic characteristics. By the further dilutim by a factor of 20 to 80, vhith Is active in the 0 cattm of foam .@.i6sftac 2.46/1 for bacterl4, 10 - 25 st/I for flab) I@ not "Coo4o@ and &Is'*' th@ surface towlan activity can Umse Its Importance. 'It th":Samw r"aoaable@to evaluate the water danger by the products. according.to their toxicity at the concentrations which can be reached during application, and according to their biochemical dogradat:Loneven.though there at present are only degradation results available for the finished ni3@W pro- For none of the compounds the degradation is so easy as eb classify then as onviromentally friendly compbunds. In the selection one then must differ- anilate relatively better products from relatively!vorse products* When flre-eztinguishing foam compounds are applied, the abo;ut'5 2 ioJLim@-. Vtanu.,aveas previously stated diluted by a factor of 20 *to Boo They ttioni are in a region of concentration between 125 to 500 mg/l. . At this co!$C"- trat4ton the compounds of'R@oduct No. 3 and No. 5 are ithout acute detriment f C -jz17 to the test organism. Pvoduct No. 1 and No. 2 Ime their toxic effect after further dilution by a factor of 2 to 5. Such dilution is't6 be"ex- pectod In the pro-flood tank of the purification system. For the very. toxic products No. 4 and No. 6, avA,-aL4AItIonadlilution by a factor@of'. between 50 and 200 is necessary to got below the toxic 1".Ol. s.;.Io c: are not certain in pract:LcP-- Product No. 4 shows inaddition degradatilon and should not be used for that reason. a low degree of taken Into account. are of little.concern an t zle properties are But both products are difficult to degrade and could thus dintlarband (impair the drinklnjtwater ou 1 1and the us& of theme or1 0- ducts Llgrefore should be awided. Of the rea"aUS products the fo4m compomd no..I. -us a.-taittivoij? bftb ock ILOVOL tmor" &IS" *w to tbo high cont4st of xlnc. jut since theil6properties are lost to a large extent due.to the dilution during usages and stme the product In relatively easy to degrade, the ondangerift of the waters due to this product appears to be of little Importance. The grouping of the 6 products proposed here does take biological and chmlcal results into account, but dbeo not consider application technical charactoristics. If It ii not possibledue to application tecbnical,r"sou to avoid the use of products which are difficult to degrade or are especially toxic, then it would be advisable to test their alngla wq"4Lt f@or da@- Further It should be attempted'to replace co*4*nents especially biologically damaging by lose damaging siater:talosf slailar offecti.-ftch approach has been successful for other materials of Ilk, onvirommntal concern. 5. Raco=mandations for technical ordering ppecificat fte Based upon the investigations as Ulacusmw#' the.-followl" require- nents can be made of the manufacture of foan flre-extlngu:Lshftgcompo%mdot CThe biological destradationcharacteristics of the organic co@@nts pr"ent in foam compounds should be wall established The break down should be as "my possible, right am It Is conoldo'red -17- as fair, when a 50 % break down in recorded in the modified- @-ScromingTest .(7). For a test which records complete chemical dogradatiom such as the TOC-dogradationtest (6), a 40 2 break down shopid be the minimum required. Other tests can be used In replacementof the abavemmtioned, If It has been proven, that equal resultsare obtained as for the teats accardlntto (6) and t7),when these products are tested. &we Ilf$Sto of tbs fom coupounds towards water 4irga"sa,iips,oec:L Nk@t*VU- 434W$ Sod,c@ra@s and flob SbMI4 be as o%41 as possi@"., A suiti'Ltlentnloyntoxic range can be set If the IC50 for bacteria, a Base daoh" and fish to above 1500 mg/l foam agent In water. -For toxicologytest, L 11, L 12, and L"15 of DEV (4), or owiar procedure for which equal type results can be proven, are to be used. The heavy metal content should not exceed 1 Z zinc.,orfor other metal an amount for which a corresponding degree of bacteria toxic affect$ to rocacdod. 6. Conclusion r-Accordingto the task the following six foam coamundoo datomined by the "Bund*samt fUr W*hrtechn:Lkund Beachaf fung" In Kobl0t,,were evaluat*O withirelation to possible endangering of watars: Floorprotein;Light liator, 1Fc 3a 1'7 7c,loto noraal; Light Water PC 206, Frost protocted;;LightWater FC'IOQ. noi@ialProteinsbhaumittel; Expyrol F 15. The test includes tnterphaseactivity* toxicology,biochemical degradation, heavy metal content and flans palat. The results were presented and discussed and a cona&ugiou r"chod,.,... . T64, products.fiuorprotein and*Protainschausaittal were recommended 49* to- relartivelyfavorable biologic characteristics. The final cow.4%olftos,ow given as'.,reco=u,wAationfsor technical delivery term (TL) to@Ss 'All usod by th@'contra4t agency. LITERATURE LIST. (1) Fiala.,R.: Study "Mlttelachaum fur Flugzeugbrandbekampfung" Deutsche Forachungs- und Vorachoanstalt fur Luftund Raunfahrt o.V., l(b*lu-Wahn1977. (2) Buiid"amtalt fur Gew""rkunds: Gutachten uber 41* Wasserge@fahrlichkalt von Schamloschnittela, Kobl*nz 1975. Hallum, H.-. Schaumlo"Schnittal - lhre m@gliche Wassorgofahrdung$ Tonside Detergents 13 (1976), 210 273. Deutsche Einheitaverfahren zur Wasser-, Abwasser- und Schlammuntersuchung. Weinheim, Erganzungalleferung 1972. (5) Zahn, R. und H. Wellens: Ein ainfaches Verfahron zur Pr6ftingder biologischen Abbaubark-ait von Produktan und Abwasserinhaltsatoffen. Chemiker Zeitung 18 (1974), 228- 232. (6) 14iillerD,. und T. Tittizer: Der TOC-Abbautest - Gin Verfahron zur PriYfungvon organischen Substanzen auf vollstand.igenbiologischen Abbau. Zeitachrift fur Wasser- und Abwasserforachung L2 (1979), 14-21. (7) Fischer, W.K.: MeBverfahren zur Beatimmung der biolo.glach Abbaubarkeit von wasaerl*o*alichen,organ*ischen Umweltchemikalion mit Kohlonstoffabalytik (DOC) (Modified OECD Screening Toot). A -nanu-. &ctipt ox the f6ra Renkei XG Ofimpoldortb sent to the.];.G..aprecommended process. (21.2'.1978). Enclosures ,Toxicology concertration/reaction curves and degradation curves I to 6. N Fluorprotein 100 +80 6.0 *40 TOXIUOLOG Y TMST A:-!Inez@rporation test D-"VL 12 D- Daphne tort DL-VL 11 Z= 1-fath.-.#)olitpemst D;-,VT1,2 Pm Fish tost Dr-,Vll,r) -020 Cl- -20 -40 -60p 80 t 16 A % -100 5 10 2@ 5'0 100 250 1000 10000 Concentrationmg/l 100 80 - Er-4 o.i 60 - 0 40 - 0 E20 0 Test oV TOC- dogradalion 0 14 21 Nr.2 Lightwater,FC 206,frostgeschotzt 400 .tgo TOXICULOG Y TNST A-@Incorpo'ration to:@t DL-,VL12 D- Daphno ter-.tDL-;VL11 Z- D!ethabolism test D!,,@V1I2, P-@-'.o'ishtost D -.1V, 1 20cl@ 20 -40 0 80 -100- loo 4@ 5 10 25 50 100 250 1000 10000 Concentrationmg/i 0E-4 60 - c0 40- 1 E- Tes-t of TOC- de,,,,ra6;ttion 0 7 14 21 N r.3 Light water.,FC 206, normal 100- 80 -w60 0 440 420 TOXICULOGY T.TOST A-@Inec)rPoration test 3);IVL12 D- DzLplLnoto.,!tDUVL 11 Z- D!ethabolipm tost Dl-;VT1,2 01 L 40 0 50 100 100 5 10 25 50 160 2'50 % CFY % 4% .. ......... 1000 10000 Concentratiomng/i C0.) r4 0 40- E-4 Tesi-of @TOC- do,-.,,,rltirttion 0 7 1'4 21 Nr.4 Lightwater,FC 200, normal 0. 9 +80 TO,@ICULOGY lpl,;ST A::iIne3rporation test DEVL 12 D- Daphne tort DEVL 11 Z- l@@'ethabolism test D',,',1V2l, ',eishto:,!t D.@,VI,15 c@ -20 - 40- 0 -60-80 -100 100 0 Ef-i 4@ 80 - 0 40. E-4 20 0 % % % 5 10 25 50 160 250 1000 iooo-o Concentratiomng/i Ter%t o r TOC- 14 Div mz;t@rIlek,, 21 e Nr.5 Proteinschaummittel 100 ,90. D= D-tihne --4160- D 'IV[, 2 tl:::-tDzlri 11 #40 .020 c: 00 20 40 0 60 10 80 Z- letb-.)@)I.iFmtee-t D :VT,I ti--f-t D',Vi.ir, 0 --7- l'O 25 50 100 250 1000 10000 Concentrationmg/i 100 80 C0.) r-4 0 -ri 60- 0 40. E-4 ?n Test ')fTOC- degradation 0 coo- 14 2@ Nr.6 Expyrot F 15 00 80 "'OXICOiOfjy '71-;;ST A- Incorporatiod test D= Dapitne "Vest Dsvi.II DEVI, 12@ 60 - 40 14 20- 0.4 m Ir s:: i2o 0 140 .r4 .60 Z- 1-:etli@.r);)ItiLpQmt D*-.VT1,2 ]P- Yish tort D;@"V(,. 80 00 m l'O@@2 5@5 0 I'DO 250 1000 IBMG- Con(jentr;xtiolir-lg/l 00 0E-4 80 - r-4 -- 60- 40- E-1 20 TesL O.C TOC- on 0 0 14 21