Document KJaLx6vMQX0ppnpvGa4Xvm606

Manual L-l PARTI MANUAL I.-!--A GUIDE FOR THE PREPARATION OF WARNING LABELS FOR HAZARDOUS CHEMICALS Adopted 10-15 Revised April 194<? The development of new chemical products and the introduction of chemical processes into ?ver-widerting fields has accentuated the need for .furnishing' appropriate information in those cases vr.en special precautions are necessary, Many chemicals present no hazards In normal handling and storage and for these products no precautionary labels are necessary. The education of employees regarding' chemical hazards is, and must remain, the direct respon sibility of their employer?. However, such hazards are not confined to employees atone, and infor mation cor.ctruing them should, so far as practicable, reach every person using, transporting, or -vis-put chemicals. The most practical means for the seller to disseminate this information appears to Is by labels affixed to containers of hazardous chemicals, bearing appropriate precautionary .-utements and instructions stated as simply and briefly an circumstances permit. In the interest of uniformity and more adequate labeling of chemical products, the Manufac turing Chemists' Association has prepared this Manual for the benefit and guidance of its members. A scries of definitions is included in Schedule 1 in order that the terms used may be clearly undersmod. Ip. addition to the general recommendations contained herein, the MCA has prepared sug gested labels for specific products. These have been printed as Manual L-2, which will be supple mented from time to time as additional recommended labels are developed. A precautionary label dose not take the place of safety equipment such as suitable goggles, pfiiine respirators, gas masks, clothing, shoes, etc. ` Individual statutes, regulations or ordinances may require that particular information be included mi a label or that a specific label be affixed to a container. In each ease, the requirements of these la v? should al?o be studied. The warning labels suggested in this Manuel should be need i>: addiiian to, or t'n comfmtatfoff- with, any label rerjitiw' by law,* * Federal statutes Includes *\ Interstate Commerce Commission rtcKuldtlove for Trnraj'iortfttion o! Explosives and Other D' Sept, of documents. Cove, r-.-ir-tinc Office, Washington, 1). C, -eus Article?; . Federal Cm.sti: Poison Act and regulation?! Food and Drug Administration, Fe.ioru. Washington, D. C. .'-.gency, Fi-dorai insecticide Act of 1910 and regulation*! Agricuitui'nl Marketing Administration. It. S. Department >i Agriculture, Washington, D, C. Federal Frmd, Dreg and Cosmetic Act and regulations! Food nnd Drug Administration, Federal Security Agency, Washington, D. C. Rclaied statute* of the 48 State* and the TIiaLrict of Columbia include Caustic Acid. Pharmacy, Poison, sod Insecticide Acts. * Manual L-t ...u'a.r.dne C!-.rtuin Aiiocutioa of ih United Succi GENERAL PRINCIPLES In the Kepuratlcn' of any prec utionsry label the following principles should ft rat be consiiitu-eu: 1) Kitch chemical product (including mixtures) presents a distinct problem and must be treated individually, in the light of its own characteristics. 3) Extreme care should be exercised in the choice of terminology. Statements should be brief and simple. 3) On labels for different products, uniformity in language to indicate the same hazards is mo^t desirable in order to gain greater understanding through standardization. 1) Precautionary style meats must be accurate, selectively chosen, and expressed in dearly defined tvi tr.a. To be effective they should be used only when mid to the extent iieouiSary. Labeling of u relatively harmless product so as to indicate that it is hazard ous, as well ua the failure to give udoquate notice of a hazard, will develop a disregard for labels and defeat their purpose. Fur example, if the word "POISON" la to retain its Usefulness on a label, it should be applied exclusively to those products (1) which are poisons according to a definite toxicity standard*, or (2) with which it is associated through common usage, or (3i for which itn use is prescribed by law. In ull other cases the relative degree of the hazard can be better indicated by the use of signal words such as: "DANGER'* to cover extremely serious hazards; "WARNING" to cover less serious hazards; and "CAUTION" to cover minor hazards, together with a descriptive statement of the hazurd. 5) Chemical names should be those recommended by the American Chcmicul Society. 8) The a*? of a nun-descriptive code designation or trade name as the only identification of a hazurdoua chemical should be avoided. If for any reason, it is undesirable to show the chemical liume. or if the chemical name ia so complex as to be meaningless except to the trained chemist, the label should state the type of ohemicul, e.g,, "corro sive acid," "lead compound." 7) The following subject matter should be considered for inclusion on a precautionary label; 1. Chemical mime 2. "Signal word" (DANGER-WARNING-*. .aUTION) designating degree of huzatd (Column A, Schedule 3) 3. Affirmative statement of "hazard" (Col. n B, Schedule 3) 4. "Precautionary measures" covering uc : ns to be followed or avoided (Column C, Schedule 3) 1 5. "Instructions in case of accident.'' whuix advisable (Column D, Scheduled) S) Warning lube!* should be printed in easily legible type, which is in contrast by typog raphy, layout, or color with Any ether printed matter on the label and should bo placed conspicuously on containers. Legibility may be preserved with a suitable protective coating. * Ta provide a prut: if at working Mtar.dard for Isbeii.i^ purposes `POISON" is Jcftned In Schedule 1 cf this Mun*l lo isK-.uWa atiiy chemicals capable ;I causing scute infects by ingestion and Inhalation, the principal made* of awry into the i.ijy. This definition excludes cm; miCali oapuble of causing injuries ua u renull of skin abs-.'fpiion or of chronic expoauve by inhalation, because the variable actions ur,d effects of chemical* with the** ehaiEcWristica preclude u practical means of measuring thair haiarda. * Manuftv'urint c\{ ihf l.'niwd Stttet PREPARATION OF PRECAUTIONARY LABELS Manual L.l The basic considerations in the preparation of a orecautionary label for any chemical product (including mixtures) are: 1) Determination of the hazards present in the particular chetpij-cL.product. 2) Selection of appropriate lUaiensnts for each significant hiizurd inherent in the product. 3) Arrangement of statements in the order of emphasis d3ired. The most frequently encountered hazards have been classified by the MCA into 10 typesTis' hired in Schedule 2. Set opposite each cIrss are statements illustrating characteristic precautions usually required for that type of hazard. Many chemical products will have more than one type of hazard, in which case appropriate ?taLemonts for each significant type should Ve included on the lube!. Most chemical products con tain impurities. When these are present in harmful quantities, appropriate warnings and precau tionary measures should be Included on the labels. As each chemical product must be treated individually, there will be many instances in which the illustrative statements will not be applicable, either because they do not accurately express the degree of hazard cr because they fail to cover the particular characteristics. In such cases, suitable statement* should be selected from Schedule 3. This Schedule presents n more comprehensive list or statements arranged in columnar form, and grouped as follows: A Signal Word B Hazards ., c Precautionary Mens urea D Instructions in Case of Accident Column A--The degree of hazard can be expressed only in relative terms. The purpose is two-foid: to indicate to the reader the comparative seriousness of the danger involved in handling r given product and to rail attention to the precautionary Instructions whjch should Immediately follow. The "signal words' recommended are, in the order of dimin ishing severity of hazard, (1) DANGER; (2) WARNING; (3) CAUTION. Example: WARNING! Column B--From this column should be selected the phrase (or phrases) that most accu rately describe* the principal hazard. This is placed on the same line as the "signal word." Example: WARNING! FLAMMABLE If other significant hazards are present, they should be tabulated under the principal hazard. Column C--The appropriate statement of "precautionary measures" should be chosen from Column C and should folio',v on subsequent lines,. .- ' Example: WARNING! FLAMMABLE ,i Keep away from hoot and open flame. Keep container closed. Use with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prolonged or repeated contact with skin. 3 Manual L-l Munufaawau Clicntiiii' AMucfatiun ut the UnitW Sttivt Column D--When it is advisable to include instructions in case of accident, the appropriate statements may bo selected from this column. Instructions in case of accident to indi viduals are valuable bnl should be limited to recognised first uid procedures bused upon simple methods and commonly availably maturiuls. Instructions for strictly medico! treat ment should be omitted except when specifically required by law, Because of the serimia and iasting elfeola that may result fivun eye injuries, a recommendation to obtain medical attention should accompany any specific instruction directed to the treatment of the eyes. If the statements frum Schedule 3 fuii to meet the exact needs, they should bo modified to suit: In' the example shown, toiu&ne, no phrase from this column appears to be necessary. 'While every compound carries some hazard, if improperly usedlTTuflmpractical to cover every possible contingency on a label. Efforts should be directed toward naming the serious hazards, anil warring against such abuses ami accidents aa are likely to be encountered under normal con ditions. There are scarcely any means of measuring in absolute terms the relative seriousness of hazards, and the recommendations in Schedule 3 only contemplate their division into two or three degrees of intensity, It follows that of two compounds one may be less hazardous than the other and yot may carry the sumo wurnii'.gs and uuutiona. Instructions for handling and storage of containers should be included where conditions Indi cate their need. Those instructions should take into consideration both the characteristics of the chemical product and the limitations of the type or types of container in which it ia packed. Schedule i presents suggested labels for samples of experimental products for which full data regarding hazards are not yet known. Schedule a illustrates the application of caution statements to three specific products. In the case of toluene, the statement:.-, used arc similar to those given in Schedule 2 for u compound or mixture having hazards in classifications I-B and IV. The second example, aqueous hydroduoric acitl. represents a verv special case where the particular hazards require modification of the stand ard statements. The`third example is that of a label for a proprietary compound or mixture. 4 Nf&Mifihrurlna CSen**rs` nf Kp If'ntfd Arum Schedule 1 DEFINITIONS Manual L-l Ftammohie /.fpo'd'--An inflammable ' liquid 2? any liquid which gives oTf thflammabU: vapors (as determined by flush point from Tatrlinbus's open-cup tester, ns used for teat of burning oils) at or below a temperature of SO" F, Extra!'. !;/ Flarinnablr. --An extremely flammable- Mquid is n liquid which gives off flam mable vapors (as determiner! by flash point from Tagrliabuea open-cup tester, as used for test of burning oils) at or below a temperature of 204 F, Cormsirr '*--(Physiological*--A corrosive is an agent which in contact with living tissue will cause more or less severe destruction of tissue by chemical action. Irritant -- (Physiological)--An Irritant is an agent which in contact with living tissue will induce cither immediately or after prolonged or repeated contact a move or less severe local tissue reaction not lending- directly to destruction of tissue: Sci`<\h':rr --- (Physiological)--A sensitizer is a material which as ordinarily handled does not necessarily cause any discernible reaction in living tissue but which after initial or re peated contact with the tissue of some individuals may, at a later date, produce a prompt inflammatory reaction on contact, even in minute amounts, with the tissue of the same individuals. Da*f.s-'--Solid particles generated by handling, crushing, grinding, rapid impact, detonation and decrepitation of organic or inorganic materials such as rock, ore, metal, coni, wood, grain, etc. Dusts do not tend to flocculate except undov electrostatic forces; they do not diffuse in air but settle, under the influence of gravity. Fwrx:''--Solid particles generated by condensation from the jruxomw state, generally after volatili sation from molten metals, etc., and often accompanied by a chemical reaction such as oxidation. Fumes flocculate and sometimes coalesce. --Suspended liquid droplets generated by condensation from the gaseous to the liquid state or by breaking up n liquid into a dispersed state, such as by splashing, foaming, and atomizing. G<w.'i-1--Normally formless fluids which occupy the space of enclosure and which can be changed to the liquid or solid state only l;y the combined effect of increased pressure .and decreased temperature. Gases diffuse, *\);*"--The gaseous form of substancea which are normally in the solid or liquid state and which can he changed to these states either by increasing the pressure or decreasing *b>e the temperature nione. Vapors diffuse. Poison---Poison means a substance which, when taken by mouth in amount? of 60 grains (4 grams) or less, or when inhaled in concentrations of less than 200 parts per million by volume in the air, rapidly (within f or 10 minutes) jeopardize* life by other than mechani cal or physicnl action. ( Nate: This* definition of "Pola-or." is '(tfietl on practical fonitlerntions< only, rk nn aid in dote1 mir.inc, gmefnlly, when the. want "I'ninon" should be. included en a warning label. See (.iencrnl Principle* 4. . , Miytiirr---A physical commingling of two or more substances which may or may not bear a fixed proportion to one another and which have not reacted chemically with one another. > ICV iIHlnition. While the term ,-;n(!aii:i>v.ii|e" i u*r<I hy the fPt', the preferred Term "flnm/nnhle" i* used in this Mniuiftl. 1 MCA definite-n. 'As defined in C'-npter It `Rnsrineeri.-i^ Control <\{ the Air Contamination of the Working Environment" (Alien p" innn.it, b.Se.) page ttiji, "Manual of [ndu'Wial Hysrene." USPHS. Manual L-l Chtmlni' AtHKinian oI th Hailed Su Llu^^ ' Schedule 2 CLASSIFICATION Oi'' HAZARDS :I Typical Label I. Flammable Liquids uiid Oxidizing1 Agents which Support Combustion. (Flash points ' for liquids are determined by Tugliabue's Opeg-Cup Method). A. Flush point 20^ F, or below. B, Hush point above 2d" to dO" F. in clusive. / DANG HU! EXTREMELY FLAMMABLE Keep itwuy from heat and open Hume. Keep container closed. WARNING I FLA M M A RLE. Keep away from heut and open Hume/ Keep container closed. I!. iriamn-..-bie Soiidj smu Oxidizing Agents ns Cius-iiidd by the ICC. CAUTION l EXPOSURE MAY CAUSE FIRE OR CREATE FIRE HAZARD Keep uway from heut and open flame. Keep container closed. In case cf contact, immediately flush with plenty of water; remove and wash clothing before re-use. III. Vapors Immediately Toxic vt Extremely Irritating Even on Exposure for u Short Time or to Low Concentrations. DANGER! VAPOR EXTREMELY HAZARDOUS Do not breathe vapor. Do not get on skin. Do not get in eyes. Keep container closed and uway from heat. Keep away from feed or food products. Have ah* line respirator or gas mask ap proved by U. S. Bureau of Mines specifi cally for (name of chemical) available for emergency. iy. Vapors Hazardous from Prolonged or Repeated Expsiaures, or Exposure to Higher Concentrations. WARNING! VAPOR HARMFUL Use only with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged or repeated breathing of vapor. Keep container closed and away from heat. 6 M*nvhcrj?iftt Oicrr.'^V Aunriiuinn *{ tht t'mied tart* Manual IM !~ i V. Gasps and Vapors Physiologically Inert. CAUTION! VAPOR UKDUCTS OXYGEN AVAILABLE FOR BREATH ING Use with Adequate ventilation. Keep container closed. VI. Harmful Dusts. VII. Skin irritrints--Corrosive. CAUTION! HARMFUL DUST Avoid repeated breathing or skin contact. Wash thoroughly before eating or smoking. Keep away from feed or food products. DANGER! CAUSES SEVERE BURNS Do not get in eye?. Do not get on ?kin. Do not get on clothing. In case of contact, immediately flush skin or eyes with plenty of water; for eyes, get medical attention. Remove and wash cloth ing before re-uso. VIII. Materials Causing Skin Irritations , after Repeated or Continued Contact. CAUTION! MAY CAUSE SKIN IRIUTATION Avoid prolonged or repeated contact. IX. Materials Toxic through Vapor Inhnlaj tion. or Skin Absorption. ! < WARNING! ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN VAPOR HAZARDOUS Avoid contact with skill or clothing. Avoid breathing vapor. In case of exposure, r-. ove to frjegh air. Immediately wash with soap.and plenty of water. Remove and wash clothing before re-use. 4 ; X. Toxic if Taken Internally. Applies to mu! tiwials covered by stulutory definition uf i poison "liable to bp destructive of human j adults in da^cF of (K) grains or less H j gms.)" or to any material toxic in i amounts likely to be taken interna:!;. ! through easily anticipated errors. i POISON If tint 'iivpitiI Ity or ilHhnltxn (pro (it' cnil Prinrltili'k tl ii lyjilrnl laliH rivul: danger: may he fatal if SWALLOWED Do not take internally. ' 7 Manual L-i JiJtna/aKutir.g Giemitfi' Aiw.tMtion U the Unid Stun Schedulw (t UWIOMMilN 1)151) CALJIX CAUTIONS A. ijianal tVorUa u. Hazards 1 C' | Frmiuiluuary JUuxurt'* L._ D. --.liiulructiuiis in tuae of Accident t Flammability a. Extremely inamniahte'lrlask point Z0" F> or ueduw.) b. FllVUiniUldC i t`. U -'It _p 4. i h t above UU to SO* F. tiiciu* xive). e. rixpoKure May f'auic Fire or CieiiU Fite Ilu-ani. a. Keep a w u y from heat (upafks) and open Viamu. b. Keep i-jio.ulncr eioied fond uwy l'rom houv). . Volatility <4. limbic Volatile, b. Volatile wtSulVuM 04 I.iquiii). a. Keep out of un and away from hunt, b, Keep uoiuainer elcuuil (and uwav from Ituutl. Inhalation ;u. iu>;<a:u; b. MAUNDM.I e. ( ACTION : fi. Vaici1' F.xtyernciy Hazardous. b. y.uy he F,,tai ii' inhaled, e. Vneur He.rinful. d. Vu;;ui' itt-iuLos 0 x y if u h Available fur Brcathiiijr, 0. Hut infill l)U*t. (.'mixes liTitution Eyei, .\oro ami Throat. a. Do not breathe vapor (or) Avoid breathiiu; vnpor. li. Avoid ui'oijnjred or repent* mi lociitii.iur of vapor, c. U.40 (only; with adequate vontilntion. ii. Avoid ui'oluna'i-'d broathinu of dual. CuiUaet a. In catie nf cxpoitire remove to fresh air. Li. Have air-liuu reapirator or van mask apiuovcd by t:. S. buru.ui of Miller sperili- wtily for (mime of rhemicmI) uvailitble for i-merKvney. , I ] | 1 I S f 1 a. Can drive Liquid, l>, Causes (SuMi'u) liuniH. c. U.i..uoi':jub Lkeui'sa lll'ip- Soly; Absorbed Timoutfk Skin. u. L'aui'.rn Shir. irruntiwi, May t.'uan: SUm livitattui;. a. Do not tret 11) in eyre. Ci) on >;}> on dothina. h. Avoid runutet with (1) ayeii jhln. (3) clothiiu- C. WTiah thoroiuiiily hefuio catir.*." ur xmokintf. . lnxUou a. In case of contact; (1) Immediately ili.sli (skin of oyeal with plenty of water (Air ut Ie4ibt '.5 min utes). (For eyes, et meil- icul octur.titmi. (i!) Imnieiliatuly wash with soap ullil plenty of water. (i!) UeiunVe mid was)! clothinur liefiil'i* le-nse. 1 (NiintiU t.tU uil a; a. Du nut take iulo'.'iially. | boilt'nl. h. MoV ho FuliU If General i 1 t 1 1 i (_________ a. Sti-yii'-/ Oxidant. tVlItliei with Combustible .'luivviui .'lay Cum-e Ftp. u. Keep away from food or fouil prodticLii. b. Keep Uiy. t-. store iu l-juI rdiwfl. d. Keep 44'.vay from C4>nibu*l il-Ic niutoi iule. 0. Get tneiiic.il attention. b. I11 case of snillnxe, ll.-sh with plenty t'f tvatri'. c. In ctien of xpilbipo, .d.i-.nii with xnixl, l,alius or eurin. TV,-: iise l-i any WillI!i:ivi .-r iillu-i sUiivinL-ilt tuned aiuiyc is not mfysauril V limited ,> tin- liuZiuii dlnler which it is x reopen. Tij merely .ndh-utes the type nf hazard to which L'lVua al.ileincalw must frequently ucp.y. The stnn.l kuoix ore nut intn.-led In indicate 4 aidciuUun between similarly lolUuc.l statement;! ;n iiujnt-.-i:t columns u'.u ere wi` die'itilhut-on only The parenthc-tie;.! w. id. h'diculc opti-uml aiikrmedts. 8 A**Auaticsn th* I'r--ivcnl Sr?fpi .Schedule 4 I. A hkls FOR EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLES Mutt tint L-l The lanolin, of experimental samples cf mv-v product* presents! itamsua! problems, Al! of the properties or j>o. Fn'c uses of n produt'. are seldom l;?v;wn. The following safeguards arc therefore jTcomtnendtd: i. Samples of a product already on the market should carry the same warning label as a commercial shipment. , 2l The follow!*? label is suggested for samples of any material that has never been in commercuv .production unless (1) the materia! is known to ho wholly innocuous, or (2) the dangers are hrmtod to Known haesreis and appropriate cautions are submitted. SAMPLE ( )....................................................... ............. -........................................................ Nam* or Description of Product FOP EXPERIMENTAL USE ONLY CAUTION! The chemical, physical and toxicolftglci.il moperuc* of this product have not been fully investigated and its handling or use may be hazardous. Exercise due care. I'. The identity of the sample, indicated in parentheses above, should he as clear as possible, never feasible, it should be the name of the compound or mixture, and in any case it should be the -ert possible identification to aid the user in knowing with what he is concerned. 4. M'aerc there are significant known hazards They.should bo so indicated. r>, The above i.nbvi may be used in r.ho case of aid products lieing considered for new uses. Schedule 5 SPECIMEN PRODUCT LaHKLS ,f The following specimen labels illustrate the application tc specific products of the principles .--.t forth in thi? Manual: rt`i:dut'i Combining I fit7:1 i*(f s "f Class l-r> and IV t Schedule 2) CiH-mii'nU. TOLUENE WA RNING1 FLAMS! A W.K. Keep away from hoot and open rlnme. L"sc with adequate ventilation. Avoid prolonged breathing of vapor. Avoid prole " sepeated contact with skin. Aiunuul I.-1 MJnuftcturn.s OicjTiiin' AiMuauon >W the Urtiiad itwn Mo.ioied CaUtioUs and Fif^c .a i-.! HYDROFLUORIC ACID, AQUEOUS 1>A N w J. iif COIUtOSl V iO LiQVID VAl>OU HAZARDOUS CAUSES SEVERE HERNS WHICH MAY NOT BE IMMEDIATELY GAINFUL Oft VISIBLE Do fiUv We.n.ho vapor. Do no: get in eyes, on skin, mi clothing. Ill uisa uf contact or nuapiuion of contact: hiirruHliiiii'iy Hush-skin with plenty of wutin- until whiteness dis appear*. paying particular attention to skin under is.dia, Soak uH'odetl areas with crushed ice in VO', < ethyl alcohol until physician m.,, TiVi.*. V* ajrn,. *l > - V* /** nmUv fin-.-* -v* 1vW>tf IK rl* ( sI i A _ In all cuaes get medical attention. Remove and wash clothing before re uae. Avoid use of greasy ointments. Froprietc.i'y Product eov'tnlhiuy liucci >/ O'RUFUIETARY NAME) Contains Fluorine Compounds. WARNING! POISONOUS IP TAKEN INTERNALLY Avoid breathing dust. Flush .>yi!!uifu to sewer with water. s :j :i i \ 10 ' 4