Document KJXVx7reBNZ2go6Xad0rOoDMr
FILE NAME: Friction Materials Standards Institute (FMS)
DATE: 1971 Dec 8
DOC#: FMS016
DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Memo to Asbestos Study Committee RE Recent Actions by Federal and State Governments Concerning Asbestos
FRICTION MATE? ! ALS STAN''' " PS INSTITUTE. INC. 370 LEX 1t\tf '"'N AVENUE, NEW YCfIK. M. Y.
December 8, 1971
JO: MEMBERS OF ASBESTOS STUDY COMMITTEE SU3JECT: RECENT ACTIONS BY FEDERAL AND STATE GOVERNMENTS CONCERNING ASSESTOS
There has been co n sid erab le output concerning asb estos in recent weeks. 'He are, th erefore, sending'^G-each-member-of...the..Ashsstos ...Study Committee th e fo l lowing:
1, I llin o is P ollution Control Board Regulations
1.1 Memorandum- o-f December 3, 1971 on "prosed fin a l d raft" o f re g u la tio n s on a sb e sto s. 1 .1 .1 Note that the section banning asb e sto s contain i n g brake lin in g s a fte r 1975 has been elim inated.
1 .2 Chicago Tribune a r t i c l e o f December 2, 1971 concerning asbestos. . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2.1 Nothing sp e c ific about brake lin in g.
2. Environmental P rotection Agency Emission Standards 2.1 Federal R eg ister o f December 7, 1971 spelled out the proposed standards for A sbestos, Mercuryand Beryllium . 2 .1 .1 The proposed standard for asb estos only is included in our excerp ts. 2 .2 New York Times a r t i c l e of December L, 1971 concerning
the proposed emission standards. 2.2 .1 This can serve as a d ig e st of the proposed stan d ard s
in the Federal R egister. 2 .2 .2 Note that the a sb e sto s standards were s e t with con trol p r a c tic e s ( f i l t e r s and traps) rath er than by
numerical emission values.
3. Department o f Labor -- Exposure to Asbestos IXist 3.1 Federal R egister o f December 7, 1971 - Federal Supply 3 .1 .1 To apply the new W illiams - Steiger Act stan
dard on a sb e sto s to Federal Supply C on tracts. 3 .2 Federal R egister o f December 7, 1971 - Construction
3 .2 .1 To apply Williams - S te ig e r Act stan d ard s to construction.
Contracts.
sssrs:
w
1. H. Weaver
J. Dr.
C. t*:*
Henn i ng Spurgeon
w. B. Rei tze
J. B. Graham H. Fe i erabend
E. W. Dr is Lane Executive Secretary
Raybestos-Manhattan,. Inc.
World 8 estos Company
r Bendix Corporation
Johns-Manvi1le Corporation
Ca r l i s l e Corporation Abex Corporation
PLAINTIFFS
EXHIBIT
C
B ritish
SAKCA. AOOKK * CO.
<% : Q l < S 4 2 0 31 t
A IB MAIL
362/n/BJI-iC
The S o c ie ty o f Automotive 2 Pennsylvania Plaza, New Y ork ,' K.Y. 10001, U.S.A.
Engineers,
la c .,.
4JY 3th December, 19 7 1.
Dear S i r s ,
We have been asked by our members in the B r itis h f r i c t io n m aterials in d u stry In the U.K. to put th e ir views to you on the proposed I ll i n o i s S ta te R egu lation s concerning asb e sto s and asbestos' p ro d u c ts. We enclose herewith th e ir comments on the. fr ic tio n m a te ria l asp ect o f these d raft R egu latio n s.
V.'e have no doubt th a t the American lin in g m anufacturers w ill be caking stro n g re p re se n ta tio n s to the I l l i n o i s a u th o r itie s for amendments to the p ro p o sa ls and we s h a ll be g rate fu l i f you could make our- views known a s s e t out in t h is en closure.
Enc
fhcposuj ru.u;oic_ - i i o i
'ill CX
' 'K v i LlSH-ftiS
The B r itiiih f r i c t i o n m a te r ia ls in d u stry view s with deep concern the proposed baa oa th e use o f a s b e s to s i s b rak e lin in g s by the S tate o f Illin o is.
I t i s n o t'aw are o f any m edical evidence th a t could possibly ju s t if y
*
such l e g i s l a t i o n . On the co n trary i t would have the' e f f e c t of withdrawing
fr o a the market p ro d u c ts th a t were uaed to pronote road s a f e t y , w ithout
producing any s ig n if i c a n t improvement in th e le v e ls o f urban atso ap h eric
p o llu t io n . I t would exp ect any of th e known a lt e r n a t iv e s t o asb esto s
to produce g e n e ra l p a r t i c u l a t e p o llu tio n o f a m easurable amount.
1 . Whatever m a te r ia ls are used fo r b ra k e lin in g s the curwwr.t s ta t e o f the a rt i s such that the a c tio s o f braking w ill generate prod u cts o f w ear. The a s b e s to s conten t o f con v en tio n al b rak e lin in g s i s alm ost e n t i r e l y con verted by the. a c t io n o f b rakin g in to f a r s t e r i t e o r o th e r amorphous, in e r t m a te r ia ls which ir e no lo n g e r a sb e sto s.
On the ..other hand, i f n o n -asb e sto s a l t e r n a t iv e s a r e u se d ( e .g . ir o n
powder, s in te r e d m e tal, c e ra m ic s, s t e e l wool e t c . , ) th e r e s u ltin g wear products w ill be released unchanged.
2 . Measurements have been made of th e amount of f r e e a s b e s to s f i b r e
l e f t in brake lin in g d u st. I t i s an in sig n ific a n t proportion o f .h a t i s in any <.;_e a ain u tt 'vrbu.'.t of t o t a l d u ct
The amount 'o f f r e e a s b e s to s , f i b r e t h a t has been found in brake l in i n g d u st f r o a v e h i c le s , i s about 15 o f the t o t s l products o f w ear. C l). Indeed e s tim a te s vary down to T O '^g/g, i . e . for each gramme o f w ear p ro d u c ts only 10-9 g r a s s e s o f f r e e a s b e s to s may
may rem ain.
3 . We a ssu a e th a t th e r i s k o f c o n tr a c tin g m esotheliom a i s the p rin c ip a l cause of environmental concern - there i s clearly no p o s s i b i l i t y w hatever as a r e s u l t o f v e h ic le b r a k in g , o f s community r is k o f a s b e s t o s is o r lung can cer, which are s o le ly occupational r is k s . For te c h n ica l reasons only ch ry so tile a sb e sto s ia used in the n an u factu re o f brake lin in g s end d isc brake p a d s. This i s not the type o f a sb e sto s with vhieh c e sc tb e lic o a h as beea mainly
a sso c ia te d .
k. Measurements o f e h r y s o tile a s b e s to s in the ambient a i r ia an i n 4 n s t r i a l c e n tr e in the United K iagdcn have shown th at the l e v e l must be l e s s thin. 1 0 "? g /c 3 b e c au ss o f the l i m i t a t i o n s of the method u se d . T h is sc a n s th a t th ey must be a thousand times low er than th e S r i t i s h Government ac c e p tab le le v e l fo r occu p ation al e x p o su re . C u rren t in v e s t i g a t io n s u s in g a more s e n s i t i v e method in d ic a te le v e ls o f 10"^ to 10"10 g/n ^, i . e . 2 or 3 orders low er s t i ll . (2).
5rake l in i n g wear cannot th e re fo re be a s e r io u s so u rc e of . ataospheric pollu tion .
5 . Ia one of the la r g e s t brake t e s t in g la b o r a to r ie s in the w orld, h ou sin g many dynam oaeters engaged 2** hours s day in wearing away f r ic t io n m a te r ia ls , the average monthly a sb e sto s count is 0 .2 fib r e s / c e , a tenth of the B r itis h Government' s occupational
standard.
Footnotes
1 . H ickioh D.Z. and Knight K .L . (1570) Annals o f O ccupational Hygiene V o i.1 }, No.1, page 20.
21,' L e t t e r to Mature a tta c h e d .
|
B r i t is h F r i c t i o n M ate rials Counc
|
2oth November, 1S71.
(ftl
n * . i O bserved amounts af chryjotiit in 3.000 1- of ftriory air, sampled at dilfercnt a ie s .
NATURE V O L 234 NOVtMOER 12
^Taiil1 V,aain<C*,*LU*er. .,,,,y tumounf
Date (1010) Sir*
w ;<Kj
WVairvar
April 12 April 24
1
l
SW
Hrulen e!nu4
April 2J
1
Nl;
Grow/id lu /v Ground
April 20
1
5W
Ground hav
Mar 4
1
S urong
Ground haft
M ar 12 Mar 23
1
N (tt\h
J
W |, cm
Cfou^d hare O'-crcnit, wit
Mar 21 Mar 20
3
M/ litem
4
W Ji{fU
G ^/caw . Cull Ov<rcau. duil
May 20 June 3
4
w
:
S \v iit-ht
O i m a u , dwU O vem u
June 10
3
SW
Heat hair
June 10
1
S\v lUgni
K sic haze
October 23
I
W moflente B.*^kcn cicvid
October 23
1
W moderate Broken cloud
October 23
l
W moderate Broken einud
Octoeer 21
1
M fifhi
Broken cloud
' October 21
1
N lpfu
Broken doud
October 21
2
N Jijftt
BmJreti c/oud
bide atv-ttment o f csbeotos in urban air, ne were prepared to 'accept this uncertainty in the collection eiTicicncy.
Tbe map (Fig. 2) and Table I show the location of the simptin( t i t s and the conditions in which the tamplet were obtained. The factory it in a hollow, and sampling site No. 2 is at the tam e height at the roof of the filter plicry, which is the chief air or t from the faao ry . Sampling site No. I is about 30 foot hrsner than site No. 2. S i t s 3 and 4 were in the parpens o f houses, site 3 being about 3 1cm upwind o f the factor/ and site 4 being about 303 m downwind.
AU the diffraction traces (for example, fig . 3) contained strong lines ofk io lin iiean d quartz, probably from the local toil, which t.n d e the tsstsst-er.t f .\.rysotilt Oiil. -It because the broad (001) line o f kaalirme (7.11 A | ii dote to the major (002) line o f ehrysotile (7-26 A). r ortur.ately ehrysotile it easily decomposed by boiling in l N hydroehlofi add whereas kaolinite is unaffected. so it should be possible to measure the amount o f ehrysotile present by subjecting the sam pls to add '.caching and measuring the corrtrsponding reduction of the intervsiry o f the composite X -ray band. The fact that this proems led to no reductions in band intensity for any of the sa m p ls indicated that the amount u f ehrysotile present was below our dpteetioa
limit. We ought to have beer able to detect 10 ug of ehrysotile by
itself, but dearly the presence of kaolinite may bare reduced
the teniitiviiy. But the addition o f 100 t/g of ehrysotile to e collected samples could easily be detected, to we can say ti O'- samples colluded from I.COO mJ o f air eontained less th 100 tig of ahryvjule--in other words, there v is less than 0.1 of ehrysotile per mJ o f air. The threshold limit for oeeupatios exposure set by the 1969 Asbestos Regulations-1 is 0.1 mg m
Fig. 3 X-cay d jraerion pattern from a rypieai dusa sample near the Rochdale faaoey.
fie . I than of T O.A. factory. Rochdale. The tcietplir; sites
are indicated by tftc ir r c ^ s I tnu 2. A. Hotuioa of inc chief filler cutlery cihsutu.
A more sc sitiv e method for estimating ehrysotile is require
end we are developing a technique based oo electron mtcr<
scopy. PheSminary examinations under the electron micr.
scope o f sampled collected by the Litton sampler indicate th
the ictuai etrytoule level n-.*y w* a fur-- three orders
magnitude below the X-ray detection limit (th at is. aboi
O. 1 r.gj. Ths sam p te have s s far been collected in the d o s e vicini
o f the Rochdale factory. It is now proposed to sample sir
certain repesecniative urban and rural locations in L'X ac
estimate thmr ohryscrifc content.
A. L. Rccxaios
d .v. a*oxMt
Turner fttQtftxrt Asbestos Co. Ate',
f O Rax 43. Roeitdx/e. Lancashire
P. eeeived April 11; revised September 22, H I).
1 CrcNe. J. V., 2 r . hut. I t t r. A uoe. J .. 21. 271 (19063.
* Ssa*Jsrdi/or jStheuet Quit Cc*rr"/'riel/.'('ir uum l!xr r 'tr;
f if i d i w r i I'.iJ, Tethrieai Oma Sore IJ HIM Factory !<"? toratc. ISO).