Document KJVzXggk1p3m6Xv1nG7a8NQXQ

,.`*^-^.**.**1*- . .. *>* LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION. INC at MtBlION AVINUt I larubar 23, l$6k SUBJECT: BEAKI5WS CK IKtSUfflOl TO >- > T:--: lhS~t7 IiJC> a g a s o u x i a~aaSy!gjaX~~ To the Board of Directors aad tbs Industry Derelopnest Ccnnittee of tbs lead Induetrlee Association, Zbe.t Attached Is a report of our leelth and Safety Director, Kr. So b fowler, of bearings be attended la Loe Angela* Monday, BowaaAar l6, 1964 e the Danlelaon Bill, vhlch vould bon the uaa of laad and aulfur la all gasoline sold la CaUforala. Sacsuaa our Health aad Safety Prograa la of eoch Importance aad nil be dlecuaeed at both the fcrtheonlag Industry Drralopaaat Covlttaa aad Board meetings Dezt mocth, va fait that you abould hare thla laformation prior to the*# meetings. Fortunately, these particular bearings ver* satisfactory from our ataadpolst aad apparently hart -..4 reiulted, at leart for the tin# being, la stopping aay each drastic action* aa the bill proposed. However, alnee such legislation recurs periodically. It la essential that our Industry ba arnad at all tinea lth aa such factual lnforaatlon on the subject aa possible. Vary truly youre. XIX:A Xxacutlra Vice Fraeldest WiwiPWP ui ih i m mmiim*>****mqgmm* m iwwp*m,mz>&*!rmmmL 'mini m vmum~tr* LIA16b 32 - 1 r ' ~n 'Tr~ i ' I amn * iar~n nf iiirlf^lii ita... -...-~4 i i i 1 1i 0 BSAPIV3 EETC.gg THE ASSEMBLY TVTEP.IM COW^rTTg ow t mk s Kx a v i;;; /! 5' el at e 'liblsiATURB Held 1b BocaII5, State Eulldlng,~I. / V*t Mrst L-.reet, Loe Angel**, California Monday, Bcnrasfcar 15, 19&A LtAD ADCITIVgS--AS2153--I^glgLaOB This report presents brief outline at testimony before the subject committee. The Danielson Bill baa beea la end out of ccoaltteee several tlaee before, end bee act yet cleered any comolttee. It le not going to clear tble caealttee, as our report Indicates. The Danielson BUI would beo the uas at leed end eulfur additives lB ell gasoline sold la California. Mr. Tea C. Carre11, On1 man, presided. Mre. Clara McDonald representing (kited Patriotic People at the 0. B. Xb c . -- The wltaeee requested first to lnaert la the record a copy of a Dree pboto shoving oo( In Lot Angeles. She then vent oo to ask that poisonous tetraethyl lead and eulfur be reaoved froa gasoline because 10,000 patients were ordered out of the Loe Angela* area by their physicians In oo* year. furthermore, the wltaeee eald that tire companies discharge sulfur all eight. (fee then quoted a Plfcllc Health Bulletin which says that up to l51l of the lead Is absorbed la the lungs and stay* there all your life. She quoted then a Mr. Chandler Phillips lho also Mid that lead le bad for you. Then she renarked that a Dev refinery was built la londoo end that in the first year of lte operation 25,000 people died. She next Bade a statement that the State Health Department should analyte all dead persons for lead phosphate. Apparently her group has written to Aaerleon Oil Company regarding their non-lead gasoline, and she has a reply fraa the American Oil Ccapany but didn't have It with her. However, she believes that gasoline similar to their product should be required everywhere. It le ber opinion that removing lead and eulfur from gasoline would note e clean gas, and therefore you wouldn't have to Inspect automobiles and require expensive nufflere oo California automobiles. It la bar opinion that clean gas does not moke air pollution. She further sold that automobile manufacturers make good products and these products should sot ba condemned when It Isn't their fault. There >me a lot more similar testimony, all of It without docvewotstlon. Questioning by the Chairman and others at the committee brought forth vary clearly the lack of documentation, and the obvious belief on the part at the witness that what ahs said me self-evident la Its condemnation of load. Mr. Oeorge B. Maher representing the Southern California Taxpayers' Council -- Mr. Maher said their organisation knew# that smog problems would end If the gasoline were cleaned up by removing lead and eulfur. fie was also of the opinion that It i not Decettary to bon incinerators In Los Angeles County. It Is collusion between the two hundred million dollar trash Industry and unnamed others that caused the banning of Incinerators. N 3342.01 LIA16&33 [fl--t Bearing B* j Laad Additive*--AB213*"Dm1*1< * Ibtn was ten of tb mm free this vita***. Nr. Bobert Mints representing BRXAIBX -- Questioning by the Chainaen elicited the foot that this wltaae la l yean old and a student at the Burbank Bleb School. Bla organisation iUUi that to thalr knowledge load la polatmua had It should b* reserved frea gasoline. Nr. B. B. Baaaalfearg representing tha Zthyl Corporation -- A copy of Nr. BesMlberg'* praparad statsMnt la attacfaad to thla report. Ba mi asked a great aany questions by tha Chalraaa and other* about tha Ajaerlcas Oil Company's non-lead gasolioa and lta affect oo smog femetic. Reference was ade by thla vltotal to taata performed oo leaded aod non-leaded gasoline at the Kidweat Research leatltut* which showed that tha aaog fccaix^ potential of gasoline la bot affected by the preaaoce or aheeoce of lead. Dr. Robert A. Bahoa representing the Uhlverslty of Cincinnati, Col lag* of Medicine *-- A copy of Dr. Kaboe's tartlaooy la Included vlth thla report. Dr. Kehoe mi aaked several questions by conslttae aofeer* about tba Mount of lead that la preaeot In tha ataospberc, where tha lead cm Tram, and *mt tha significance of thaaa anoucta la. Bla taatlaooy obviously resolved tbaaa questions In tha adnda of thoaa idso aaked thaa. Nr. John Loyd representing the CM 11 Property &*ners League of Loa Angalea County -- Nr. Loyd stated that bla organisation does not vent gadgets oo ears, and that clean gasoline Beans clean air. Be vaa questioned quite closely by the CoMlttee Chalntan and other* a* to bow to sake thl* clean gasoline and as to what affect It would have on aaog. Ba adaltted ba had no facta oo which to base bla opinion, but be also thou^Jt there Bust ba aany reports In the scientific literature that bare bearing on tha subject. Be thinks the ccaelttee should Obtain ac m of these report*. Nr. Krlc Orant representing the Motor Vahlcla Air Pollution Control Board - Mr. Orant pointed out that lead in gasoline 1* not a factor In tha operation of a catalyst device, as thalr recent teeta bare shown. Severer, thl* fset la DC* of pirectlcel Importance alnc* the auVcncfclle Industry la providing non-catalyst aaog control device* for all 1966 vehicles Vo ba sold In California. Nr. Orant'* testimony was very favorable to our position, and va* quite forthright in Motioning tha fact that hi* Board does not see tha nacaaalty for th* Danielson Bill. LI A16834 Bearing Aei load Addltlvea--AB2l63--Senlaleoe Sr. Harlan Hartwell -- Sr. Hartwell raid that he la a pfcyalclaa who bu been la private practice to Lo* Angela* for 2$ year* and ba baa adrlaed, aod t111 adriaea, naay of hla patient* who have reaplratory dtaaaaaa to aov* fra* tbli area. B* #*y* that b* kacwe that the lead la tha gaaolin* provide* dirttar air tbaa clean |U would, but be adbalta be baa d o data to back up tbla opinion. Ba thiol* that there auat be cbaalrta who could furnlah aucb data. Aa a phyalclaa be kaova that lead 1* Dot food for you but ba doaa aot know If gaaolin* caa produea lead polaoniag. Sr. Hartwell wae aaked by the coaalttee If ba agreed with the prrrloua edleal taatlaony of Sr. Kaboe aad ba aaid that ha had bo arldaaca to dlaprow* the wltaeaa'a tertlaony. The Cbalraaa aade a very fine auMary, free our polat of view, at tha aad of the aeasloo, and pointed out that vfcll* we all wasted to have clean air d o ooa bad brou&tt forth evidence that 'clean gaa* would nit clean air. Aa a cconittee of the California State legislature they were ready and willlog at all tinea to recalve docuaentat5.ee along tbeae line*, but felt that until aucb facta ware Bade available to thea their opinion would have to main that moving additive* froa gaaolin* would not Influence aaog farawtloc ooa way or the efthar. ECrjnd be. (3) Soo G. Fowler ftnum mm m LIA16635 me \ l io 1 i} * iw II Stateneot of Howard X. Seeselberg, Ithyl Corporation, to the Asnfciy Ccxnlttee oc Tr-sriJpcrtation mi Coonerce of the Califami* legislature, Los Angeles, California Iterator 16, 196k X an Howard X. Basselberg of tbe Drtrolt Research Laboratories of ttfayl Corpora', ion. Before X ccost 00 the reasons why load antiknock compound* art essential components of today'# motor fuels, X would Ilka to mention that several prior hearing* 00 a Bill lnilar to tba cos under consideration today bar* baas bald. In October 1961, tba Dubcctaalttee 00 Air Pollution and Radiation Protection of tha Asseably Inter la Ccaaaittea as Public Health beard a great deal of teetlaaoy relative to many aapecta of thia Bill including tba relationship of tba uaa of laad antiknock compound* to public health. Testimony at thia Bearing established, taoc| other things, that tba uaa of laad antiknock compounds did ak constitute a baxard to public health. A Bearing by the pretest Ccnsittee uaa also bald la Sac raneeto In May 1963 relative to AB 2163. X would Ilka to brief tba statements X aada at tbat tiaa. Since laad antiknock compounds were developed la tba early 1920's, tbelr use baa became alaoet isiveraal--both here and abroad. In tba tfclted States, about 96f of all actor gasoline now contains laad antiknock compounds vtilcb function to raise tha antiknock quality of gasoline to tba levels necessary for satisfactory operation of today's care at the lowest possible coat to tba coosumrr. The present use of antiknock eenpound results In an average Increase la antiknock quality of about 7-5 octane m^>#r*. These seven and one -half octane lumbers represent the increase in average antiknock quality tbat baa occurred over the last 11 years. Our estlnates indicate tbat If this Increaect of quality bad not bees available to pareit tba automotive Industry to develop the nose efficient vehicles now available, today's motoric public would be using et least lo mare gasoline. Tba availability of antiknocks, vfclch provide aartns operating flexibility to tba refiner* plus increased efficiency in tie production of gasoline, has resulted la the conservation of about 5 billion barrels of our crude oil reserves over the past 25 years. Of equal laportaace is the fact tbat In tinea of national energency lead antiknock compounds are of vital necessity In the production of the Increased quantities of ^sollae of adequate quality for both military and clvilian transportation. The amount of lead antiknock compound used In gasoline varies depending on many factors. Currently, in California tha average gasoline contains a little over 2 allllllters per gallon. This Is the equivalent of about l/l5 fluid ounce per gallon. This level la very close to the average usage In be United Stats*. Xn sismaary, the use of eaall concent ret Ians of lead antiknock cosqwjmade permits production of tbe ecooanical gasolines new available. Limitations ce tbelr usage would result ini significant Increases in tbe coet of gasoline to tbe public, unnecessary depletion of our natural crude oil reserves, and lapalrnent of tbe ability of the oil industry to produce tbe increased quantities of gasoline required In tbe event of a national energency. nweueewsiu m. I. X. Besselberg Xtbyl Corporation Drtrolt, Michigan N 3342.02 wm i~inn i mu .j V i'i rtn. 'init.. seen LIA16836 8>HAFT ATT) CTEfSION 0? AS tAKLXER BTATB-gVT Rg?iES???TnO TCI iu t .t w t fTrx r:-~ KrrjrriAL K/\^.k d r. p-t-u; hJ-.hra as s o c iait d vrrti t k i occ:r:.-:i- o p Lho ia t h of AMhMdAN c it ies Vjr KBfitT A. KXSOZ, M. 0. Director of tb* Department of Preventive Medicine and Industrial lealtb. Collage of Medicine, University of Cincinnati Tetraethyllead, tetramethyllead tai related lead alkyl*, la certain formulation* of antiknock compounds, art added to gasoline at oil refineries to Improve th* performance of the Internal combustion angina la vbich gasoline la used aa fuel. These compound* art burned vltb th* gasoline la tb* engine, and tbrlr ccef>utloo product* art discharged froo the engine aa finely divided Inorganic caspouada of lead. Scat portion of these Inorganic compound* ccoden*** <Mt la tba exhaust ay*tea, and the reaalnder atcapea Into th# atmosphere froa tb* tall-pipe. All but alnute amounts of the organic lead compound* are burned la the engine, eo that the quantities of organic lead sblch reach the atmosphere are practically negligible. Despite Impression* to the contrary, there la a great deal of Information on the eoocectratloo of leeid compounds in the atmo*ifcer* and on their reletlce to public health. During the period at lta use, beginning In 1923, experimentally, tetraethyllead baa been one of the eost comprehensively studied of Industrial products, frem the standpoint of the public health. This vark has beao carried out, for the moat part, in the Kettering Laboratory In the College of Medicine of tbs University of Cincinnati, uodcr the fInane tel sponsorship at the manufacturers and distributors of entlknock compounds In the United State# of i America, through agreements vltb the Board of Directors of the University. The results at these Investigations have bees published In scientific and medical journals, or made available in a limited manner to other Investigators and public health authorities In reports issued by the Kettering Laboratory. 1 The result# of all of the Isvestlgatlaoa to date have beee coo* latest la dsmcortratlng that! 1. The lead compound* discharged from the ejfeauete of automob Ilea have not created a basard to the health at the psfellc. 2. The eoncentratloos of lead (from all aourcas) found generally la the air at American cities are low. 3. Ese amounts of lead to vfclch the geoersd population are exposed -- froa all sources, Including food* end beverages -- are below haaardoue limit*. b. During the psL*t tverity-odd years, there has been little change, on tb* part of the 'average,* adult American, either In his Intake and output of lead, or in the amount* at lead retained In hie body. Such slight change a* has been observed ha* moved la the direction of a decrease in both intake end output, but It Is 4 not certain that this apparent trend Is real In the sene* of being a representation of s general situation. iiii tiiwnipwjl.il IWJUIIIMII JtlLII |:jjl.lljipw LIA16837 -wk. Vi-Ma1! it L' -2- Aaong the underlying facts *ilch clarify and support these statements, of first Importance 1* the assurance that lead la ths atmosphere originates froa a nuster of sources - the combustion of wood, coal sad vegetable setter, tbs lssd la tbs soil, man-made and widely distributed products containing lead, sod vsa lead ccctalasd la aeteorltes- Lead antiknock cexpounds cootribute aa appreciable part of tbs total lead la the ataospbere. Just whet part is difficult 4 to estimate, since the methods of measurement achieved a satisfactory degree of accuracy only after the use of leaded gasoline reached widespread proportions Second, It Is necessary to tabs Into account the presence of lead la the food, water sod other beverages consumed by hvaan belrgs. Tbs quantities of lead tabes Into the body in this smnaer greatly exceed tbs caoucti tabes la with the air la breathing. While tbs average of a large m^>er of observations oc the human latabe of lead la food aad drlnb approximates cos-third of a allltgraa per day, that tabes la la the air withla the 24-hour period Bay be aa little as coetvectletb of that aaouat, or as such, perhaps, as coe-fourth of It, depending upon idle re aad bow ooe spends the hours of tbs entire day. (Tbs areas of a city ary, with respect to the lead la the air, aad the respiratory vn1isss varle* greatly with the site and the activities of the Individual.) --4 When ooe considers the extest of the absorptlcc of lead Into the body, aa differentiated froa Its entry Into the allaentary and rseplratcry tracts, the lyjantltstlve relationships are soaewbat Bare significant. Thus, the absorptloa froa tbs digestive tract Is slow and Incosrplets, eoBevhat lees then 10 per cast of that rvelloved, under ordinary conditions, being absorbed. On the other band, m that absorbed froa the respiratory tract, under the condltlora tfclch exist rrmmVily la the air of cities, aay be saan&at less than 20 per cent of that which la Inhaled . Xa aa ordinary day, the average Individual la the general population aay absorb approxlaately 30 alcrogreas (0.03 mg.) of lead froa hie digestive tract, and sometht less than a corresponding quantity of lead (of the probable order of 10 mlcrograsa) frem the air. It aay be seen, therefore, that the lead la the food aad beverages la llbely to be aore Important than that vhlch la la the air, la determining the extent of the absorption of lead froa day to day by persons la the geoeral population; prolonged observations on buaaa subject# Indicate that under the ordinary conditions of life la Cincinnati, the former source is considerably more Important tbaa the latter. The evidence also Indicates clearly that, under present conditions, the output of lead dally froa the body of the average person is so nearly equivalent to the total Intake dally, that any accvaulatlan of lead which aay occur over a long period of years, or a Ilfatlas, is too small to be detected. In line vlth the statement shove, concerning the quantities of lead ifeicb ay be labeled. It appears that the ataospbere of individual American cities any contain, on the average during all seasons, froa 1 to 3 alcrograms of lead per cubic aster. This range at values contrasts with the concentration of 200 alcrograse pier cubic aeter, which baa been accepted la the United States as e satisfactory - specification of the safe concentration of lead la the air of Industrial establish ments . This specification Is not applicable to the geoeral atmosphere, because of the lntermltteocy of occupational exposure to lead (approximately 40 hours per week), as opposed to the constancy (in time but not necessarily la severity) of the expo sure of the population to the eableet air. experiments have been underway la the 5 * Recent investigations bare show that the lead retained la the respiratory tree during the Inhalation of air containing approximately 10 alcrograms of lead la tbs form of particles of mesa disaster 0.0$ micron, amounts to lass tbaa 20 per cent of that inhaled. ,.IK ,, j^, eieeseisem--peasqpap. si 1 11 > wJM ........ LI A166 38 -3- Ketterlng laboratory for several j^tn to determine, la precise physiological terms, tbe upper Halt of tbe uli concentration of lead la the air to which tbe general population Bay ba axpoaed. Additional determinations of tba lead content of the atmosphere of several cities, including Loe Angeles, bavt been mode, Jointly, by tba 0. S. Pt&llc Health Service, city and atata health agencies la Philadelphia and California, aad tba Kettering laboratory. Tba results of thla Joint investigation are nearing tba point of publlcatloD. Zt la fitting, at thla time, only to make the general coMent that they cooflra the eaacstlal truth of tha statements aade above, and give them broader geographic application within tha (kilted State#. Tba concentration of lead found frca day to day la urban atmosphere ranges upward and downward froa tba levels cited herein aa average#. Occasional bl4> values have been found and reported. 7beee, In sane lnetances, have sensed aa Importance far beyond their true significance. Such results any ba expected to occur occasionally in any survey, because of the concurrence of unusual factor* aad also because of tha opportunities for error In sear'llng and analysis. For practical purposes, the prevailing or average condition# of expoeuxe ara tba significant ones. To ba valid aad representative of tba facts, sailing aust ba carried out systematically to seat all kinds of conditions over extended periods of tine. This statement is not concerned with the eccoaelc ls^skct of restriction# in the use of antiknock cccpounii la gasoline upon tha oil Industry aad tha motor* lng pet lie. Prom the standpoint of the public health, however, it is i portent to ka&* that such restrictions would not allmimt* all of tbs lead from the etnoephere, and it may not even eliainatc the large proportion of it. Periodic and fairly cacpraheaslre Investigations cf tha lead in tha atnoepbere in Cincinnati have ehcvn that there has bean a significant reduction in the lead content since the late 1^-C's. This is traceable In part to a reduction in airborne lead contributed by the caehustloc of coal, and In part to changes in tba ecssmerclal activities and traffic patterns in Cincinnati during that period. This reduction took place despite tbe progressive Increase in vehicular traffic and in the eooaumptioo of gasoline. To tbe extent that this reduction at lead in the air was achieved by the reduction of the combustion products of coal, it has called attectlcc to the al^lflcance of this source. Zt appears that the amounts of lead in the atmosphere of Cincinnati frtm the caahustlon of coal, sane years ago, ware equivalent, at the least, to those derived froa the exhausts of automobiles. Thla fact alone nay introduce a icohhtt more balanced perspective into tha considera tion of thla matter In relation to tha past as vail as tha future. The ultimata criterion of safety, in relation to human exposure to laad from any or all sources, la tba freedom of the Individual froa a rata of intake aad absorption which will result in the progressiva aecusaulatlon of laad in bis body over a long period of time. Tbe evidence indicates that, under tha present general conditions of expoaure, outside of tha lead industries, no such accwula* tlco occurs. The additional evidence thlch is being sought through further experi mentation. is intended to define the threshold point In tha over-all exposure to lead in food, beverages, and air, which will result in a barely demonstrable accumulation of lead in the body. By such means, the Bargin of safety between present eonditlooa and potent tally hazardous conditions can be established, and a standard for tbe future made available. r t i i --< i np LIA16839 \ i1 Two Mti of axperiamts have been designed, o m of sdilch has been completed, Is order to obtain the evidence referred to above. These experiments are variant* of * general procedure which he* been developed Is the course of itM twenty-five yeere of systematic investigation of the lntak* and output of lead by hixsan j tubject*, _id*r carefully controlled conditions Is the Kettering laboratory. (1) Briefly, a* to the first of these experiment*, two healthy men were \ kept under cloee observation, under strictly parallel coodltlooa, over the period of amny months. After a preliminary period sufficient to include the major i cllmatlc (seasonal) changes in Cincinnati (hot, cold and temperate seasons), during which each subject collected, dally, for analysis for lead, all faces end urine, and duplicate samples of all food and beverages ccnsixsed, the two subjects were Introduced Into two parallel respiratory chambers, sod subjected, for definite periods of time, to Identical (as nearly as possible) conditions of teaperaturs, humidity, rate of flow of air, and quality and concentration of lead In the air (0.15 mg. 1%, as the seaquloodde, dispersed as alnute particles of the mean diameter of 0.05 micron, ranging up to 0.2 micron In diameter). The purpose, here, was to determine the effect of duration of exposure upon the physiological processes involved in the absorption, excretion and retention of lead in the body, so as to be able to appraise the significance of continuous versus Intermittent exposure to lead In the air (so a* to be able, eventually, to determine the weight of this factor In the differentiation of the effects of occupational from general environmental exposure (in the atmosphere of the community) to airborne lead). Since It vas virtually Isqwsslbl* to conduct this experiment continuously with human aihjects, rellaacs was put In the experimental device of comparing the effects of a serlss of shorter periods of exposure and of extrapolating from these data to the end-point in time, lbus the men were subjected to exposure, to the conditions described, far 3 hours per day on every other day for several month*, then to 6 boura, 9 hour* and 12 hours per day on every other day for corresponding periods of several months. By thl* means several points on a curve were established, and the curve extended to 2k hours per day an every day. The result* of this experiment were extremely gratifying, 1m that the two subject* reacted nearly Identically, and a smoothly graduated Increase in the absorption and retention of lead (a* shown most effectively by the concentration of lead In the blood), paved the way for a straight.-Hoe extrapolation of the findings to the level of continuous exposure. It Is of Interest to reckon with the evidence, derived from these observations, that a dangerous level of laid absorption would bare been arrived at in less than 2 years by ths two subjects, under the conditions of continuous exposure to a concentration of lead In the air that has been found to be safe. Indefinitely, under occupational conditions Involv ing approximately ko hours of exposure per week. The strikingly different effects of continuous versus intermittent exposure to slr-borna lead, may be stated some what too precisely, but otherwise realistically, as the outcome of this experiment* a* followsi Under comparable environmental conditions, with respect to the specific compound of lead and the dispersion of particle* In the air, a man can work Indefinitely (presumably for a working lifetime) for ko hours per week In an atmosphere containing 0.15 mg. Of lead per cubic meter; whereas the same mas, attempting to live continuously in such an atmosphere, will have absorbed an amount of lead sufficient to Induce lead Intoxication In acmevbst more than 1 year. (2) The next experiment, new In progress, was intended to determine ths highest concentration of lead In the atmosphere which, when breathed continuously, would fall just short of inducing a measurable, progressive accumulation of lead In the body of the normal healthy human subject, for practical purposes, since a m*r;u'j wm i* w.uamwees iiy a1 .mm*w%itf1 muwwwni 11; mwi'i > ipmwwiipBgws|p^^ '---- LI A168 AC i 11 < M. An,.., .Orte-ite .. . Si-- 11- nr rift SXm o i -3* totally Diptlvi result would provide d o numerical representation of the quality of air In this respect, the experiment ta designed to detect the leant Concentra tion capable of Inducing a barely detectable effect upon the abeorptlcc, axeretloo and retention of lead. Again, tvo experimental subjects, after the appropriate preliminary observations, were Introduced Into parallel respiratory chamber* In which they were subjected to the Inhalation of air containing 10 mlerograas of lead (as the aaae compound In the tame state of subdivision ac that Indicated above) per cubic meter of air. (HI* concentration was aelected aa the starting point, to be increased atep-wlae aa might prove to be necessary, In the belief that no positive result would be Induced.) The subjects were to spend a period of several months In a regimen Involving exposure for 3 hours par day an alternate days, after vtolch, over corresponding periods of months, they were to be subjected, successively, to the asms conditions for 6, 9 and 12 hours, respectively, as every other day. This experiment is now in the latter part of the stage of 9 hours per day on alternate days, without having adduced any evidence of an effect upon the Intake and output of either of the two subjects. It will continue on with the 12-hour per day stage. If by thet time no metabolic response can be discerned, the concentration of lead In the sir of the chafer* will be increased and the cycle of Increasing hours at exposure will be resumed. The experiment will be carried to Its Intended and logical conclusion. Dates Dovudiar 13, 3$6h ; J V i 3 i > a i I" C1"--J '--ym II. >1 -lawim e[ell V l ih l h i mrnmmmmmmamm LI&168A1 ii gtfscLpypg no* rer 't o 3 Amnts gBttip-KAxnagr Of HOV&fcgTlS. 19&' 'CLKAI' 0A8 AID BO a*, VT0088B MX Two vltMMM told a State Aaaesbly Ccaadttae oe Transportation today that tba answer to aaog la Dot air pollution eoctroi derlcaa but "claaa" gaaoUna. Tba caaalttee, baa dad by Aaeenblyaaa Toe CarrtU, (D-San rernaodo), baard tbia eoatantloe fro* Nra. Clara IfcDanald, laglslatlre representative for tkiitad Patriotic Petpie, aad George B. Plaber, director of tba South Oata California Taxpayers. They callad for tba elimination of lead aad sulphur gasoline additives la tba rsflasrlss. "Tour trouble# ara over,' Bra. MeDoaald aald, "If you clean up tba gtaoHne at tba refineries. Tbay create tba eltaa* tloo. Tbay bar# pot claaaad up tba aalpbw." Tba cawlttaa la seating In tba Old State Building bare to bear a score of vltMitti Including oil sen, snog officials, pollca departaant spokaaaaa aad represcntetlses of cltlaaoa* groups oe a proposed bill to elladnete eddltleea. I l!f- 9 is \ f N 3342.04