Document KJ7nNB47zMwnQRX02aJyORQpK

IH I y ^ m ifla lH v m fiiiv tf i i j i i i . n ffHigito u i f i r < L . i f f i i * f i L i f m i u ; u i m i i .:f *>. E4752 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--Extensions of Remarks September 17, 1975 dear fuManee end that. In feet, work contrerr to their production t!\urU end <tUoourae conservation practices that have boon so successful since the 1030's. I commend the following to the attention f my oolleavucs, . fteSOLVTIOW Whereas the present agricultural policy of tfie United State* Oevemment la bringing Constant decline lo tbs number of American forms, end Whereas tho present world food crisis it pladuc those policies in serious question and ~W"*h`"er***M* f*e-m--Uu-r Mowumne.4d ff&arrmmas nreiptrraeusemntl Lthite* jrsss^ *- "*>">'> - ^gWrte*uttltuRrMoOlved: That ,thhe _Un|itUed. MMeetthhondaiustt cellent arllclo on the effect* of pesticide* and industrial chemicals euch u PCS'* on fish. I commend It to my colleagues: Fun: Mam's Imr Wabnino Systcm <WBy Abigail Trsfford BBrreetttt,, ^Nom.->Tb* author Is a science writer for the` A* me* ric*a* n Chemical "So' c'ie'ty.`, Mir., u >b. most Mtootlv. Inwudd. malaria. yellow fever end encephalitic m*.,.. bH*. vinyl mt oviri and ta*ieat!fr*m dried food srs household words. At the Mm* time, according to th* National Cancer institute, so estimated To to to per cent of .11 human cancers * aMM t5 and neurologies) disorders hsve beta linked Avv_"trOciccnunpnstlonsl Safety and Heal.t.hT..h.*a* nn"u*t HZSSflUtE BfiS.'ZSSS; ---- *"--> -Asc Ufa. Then, at a government laboratory in M ,,r __ _ Florida. Juvenile blue crabs fed corn eob grit* * ^JjSlInmli5^I5iI?,!KtSSr*S3i5^Ir?K "* x sssks e'&jSxzei yzx TTlhe*y oooouulwtf nnoo lloonnggeerr uussee thnselirr pptlnaccbooerrev t'hhe#mf0:etdh*>BE(nJ vDirroun|m, AednmtailnPisrtortaetciotino,nthAagePnlssyU. J*L""mSlS" Council on Mlnl.lm. ITtnSts*u**'" wo,5 ,n EJnitdnmawriyno.uut Uselton*MKiVlloapUo^Pr\ootTM*^mr. mft fadmily faorming, seeking itecgfiiseiiaautiou w p. iv looft th* family owned farm and developing aihor aollcle* sad program* to renew and rural life in America. " ...0 nora ,^,,4r!PS!lSt2m!LSSS2no? lab*o"rato'r"y, th"a*c*r*ippled cra^bwbetoconmkesoarcltabn.- crlpplcd -crab becomes aclan. tMttmon, to th. lutolbl. .rotoon nt th. .nvtronm.nt, *1"lf.S?0to ?. i"?." mV..oCL M mi C""r "*'"'i>i> ci>-tn. I'ono,d..o.huamin., hMah la,.a.rv,aoan dtuha.l ppurrapdo.srear.fplr,e.,t bfch mrva a dual purpose-first " lnJlc.toc. of h.t .h.mUtol. Mralto to " anrmmnt, Moon. u tMt nnlnuto to Dick .no . to... lUeoLonoM Whereas severs! representatives of Boards pad agentIn representing the United Meth odist Cbttreb Bam taken position* advocating a roduetlon of beef consumption in ut* United Btates, and Whereas varieua nows articles and mage- tow have storlw which advocate tho roBuotian of bwf consumption aa a moral ob ligation for nations of tho Industrial world, tbit may bare a more devastating Impact on tho future. Th* slow, sub,ethal, almost inviaibia changes oauaad by pollutants in th* environment produce slow, aubtathat. almost inviribl* ehangoa in living orwturo. It la proelsely thca* aubtl* change* that on* governmant wlentlet dceoribcaa* "dying ovar i long psrlod of time . . , chronic mortality.'* Just how flab respond to new factors in th* environment Is a clue to how man also Is being changed by a world ho la constantly *>00** human physiology. MatabellMlly apeaklng. Xbty ait Ilk* mammals If Now But aimpltaity add*, tho boat* funs- *r* !/* *?** SKSNhS Jou migbt eapect to hav* th* *am* adoet mamma)*, lodumng humanbsln*i;'` aaplain# rematch aoologlet Dslwayn* K. Ntnwne of.tb^u,f *nlronm#nto) Protection agon7 * U Bmw luvhonmental Baaearcb "?or*tf!r? *" World*, ""wberoaa then* viewpoint* are racognlred aa inFrrc put often bamd upon fats* and mis- downsg information; _A Bo HtNHs--a-r-i-v--r-d T- hat the Ufdled Methodist OMveh K---a-n--s--a--s--W--est Conference declares "tts* oopport for all thoss engagad In agriculture who attempt to apply standards of lusttoe had who seek equity In their endeavors. To dfriers that those engaged In food pro changing In th* North Ben, a*)* have eauimowar gw_ro__w_t_h_s__o_n__t_b_a_l_r__llp_a__.__S_o_l_* mamntdm floundtra along the UJ. Pacific Coast hav* largo lesions on their skin. White croaker* feeding around sewage outfalls along tho coast of California develop tumors around the mouth. Thou sands of halibut hav* had to be thrown away because they were llatleea, underweight, their ekln soft to touch. Belentlate know, for example, that DDT attack* tha natvoui system of flab. Stored P ... --....l.l..w.....`.... --ndrw into eonvulaiona. In the laboratory low lavels of the toxie compound polyefhtiorinalad blplianyts <PCB| aOsct tho thyroid gland In Date. In higher amounts, FOB* cause tb* fins of Belt to rot off. Low levels of tb* Insecticides aldrln and dleldrtn alter th* amino seld metabolism in fish and produce duction are dreerving of a fair p. rice for hn- In Japan, th* gobl* Salt develop mouth signs of mental retardation. Toxephene. an Mt"tabor and of dear governmental pollelot tumors. Cunnor In Rhode Island have ean- o^ther inaec,tield*. -a-t-t-a-c-k-* b--o--n--*---c-o--m---p-o--s-i-t-i-o--n-.- w dtreet their work equitably and Justly. oaroua tooth tumors. Largs catosh In th* meentiy her tho drama of chronic Tb nccnlto Uut Ui. production nr in..t mitral lake. ot rtorM. (row turnon th. *"", " **"' oMtolob.ramln.nt onlmol. pro.M.0 nwdoa .too 01. Unjor Joint. Ojibri ora found with n<d In Hw l.boratorr. CIm Idrililodol oraduoto um/uI to.ocl.tr utoTordadl,mnbtotht.hq.ut toraltmf olnI .lniftto. nrako .rat fiwaagM uasMa Which arc unsuitable for producing other than range crops thereby MtitqUMsrsmiisMMpilmil use in ralelug fend for people. To condemn poverninent polloles of "full Brodoctleu" which seek to ue* rood as poUU- toukonuo. A do^ltoi In Miuno ho. o brain *B'T.>"not-h.p. ltdrlchmutlocrhlntooblrtohk..nCohurta.ompocnk.. tl* small una'dlble clams that live in tha mudflats. Channel catfish in Arkansas have broken backs. Oyster* have trouble growing thick enough shells. Flnlcea fish era eeen off bot& coasts vliecUtimnusi of fin rot dtlaaasaec*. Two speciees* zZnMtMooOnffifTTTT troaw op The critical difftrenes between nature and th* laboratory la that. In tho environment, no on* chemical exist* In Isolation. la th* central lakes of Florida, for exempts, whore tho large catfish are found with tumors, more than 60 toxie compounds worn analysed In tb* water. What'* more, only tho strong survive. In al power and which Ignore needed polletee raiesapeak# Bay are said to th* polluted Allaslastppl River, tho largo ol etewardthlp and conservation: And to innossed the overall rise of their livers mouth baas hav* disappears* and tha mos- dkMWUtftg* farmers in tlm mMwmt from fbl- rf. * **?"*.. * * human quit* itsii is king. Zt turn* out that this lowing those pollsiM by plowing up grsos- .".T" u or,*n th*t bandits fugnd lltUs fish ha* built up an Immunity lands, ooniributlng to lit* Increased danger .JJ. biatorlal*. to toxic chemical*, in laboratory tests, sel- ' ontlst# find that th* IH-tneh-tong atosqulto tbMgaiione hort-sifnt^ ^ Jahn c Hara})bftr|er< |>ih0b|0tAti.t with fart to whirrs,proo*.^ ui* SmlUisonlnn institution. "Whlls no one TV encourage >gWatlc hlch wjll llwl ^ giroetly linked a pollutant with cancer -........ elation of lyototn from peoples ana ^ a#h the elreumatanttai svidenc* l* there." WUI.U tow to-w pratoUi u-- muk, 1M(t ,,p,,,tr c>pt. fleh is 100 to 1,000 times more resistant to Insecticides than th* larger--and trnimtr elally edible--fieh. In this survival of tho fittest, what makes the largo mouth barn a modern dlnosaurt The key to adapting to a now ehomloai en HBMICAI4 AFFECT PISH HON. CERRY E. STUDDS or MAasAcnoMTTa III Tl HOVfil OF RBTRBBBNTATIVB8 We4net4n$, September 17,1175 Jaoquee Cousteau has been diving In th* waters of th* Mediterranean. Red See, Indian Ocean, North and South Atlantic. Pselfie Oceans, Aretlo and Antaratta. He estimate* that tb* overall fish population of tbs world has decreased at least M per cent In the last SO years. a entmeu eon Bine* World War IT man has been living In a ebemiea) age. High-energy transformers are taken for granted. Maw drugs end chemical vironment may lie in how often an organism reproduce*. The little meequito flab produce* young every month. Tb# larger fieh produce only once or twice a year. "The phenomenon of the tnoaqulto fish Is sign that one specie* la better able t me with pollution than another," *vplains DavM J. Hansen, aquatic ecologist with ffPAW Flor ida Uboratory. "Resistance may go to those aperies who ean reproduce the moat often aa the resistance trait Is passed on." Mr. STUDDA Mr. Spmker. Jut Sun*'. WMt.ln.Uto Put conUincut an *- ud iVraTto'S.'SfJi itZZX53g,'Z: fM O ! September 17, 1975 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- Extensions o/ Remark! ' E4753 that it lx toxic to ma. At the Mint time. it HIIHl flag. 1)i National Peilldde Monitoring Pro gram of tb Plan end Wildlife firrvice he* 100 stations icroii tbs country. Whole bod- let of &#)> from tit* local area are ground up and analysed. Instead of luolsted water qual- tty measurement#, Pah realdne* give an aver age profile of what ealat* in the environ ment on a quast-permancnl bwla. And alnce waterway* are a major themtcnl aim:. if there ti a pollutant In the environment, flrh are likely to get It Brat. A regional map of pollution emerge*. In Industrial area* of the NortittnK and Mid* wealr- the Onat Lakes Region or along the Mudaoit Itlvar--scientists And high level* of the tonlo tnduatrial compound PCDs. In the agricultural areaa of the Southern they And high realifuea of Insecticides like DDT, al* Brin, dtrldrla and toaaphene. Tha realdua level* of theae compound* art then supplied to research laboratoriee to study tit* response of living organism* to those pcnlstent chemical*. ID* Department f Interior's FMi-PcsUeidc Rewuch Lab oratory in Columbia, Mo., for example, works With fmh water fish. The Mt. Deeert island Biological Laboratory In Maine and EPA'a Out! ttrme laboratory in Florida eonoen* tcaU on marine tpcciee, A major emphaet* I* on chronic effect*. It la ooo wing to expose a rat or a monkey to high level* of a chemical and product a .twiner. It le another to relate that phanom- dnbn to the mttUee of nature. With fish, the level* that are detected in the environ ment are ueed In the experiment*. The l*b- erotory beromee e mierocoein of what is ac- twatly taking place. - cxirruv catvi*ii About six yetis ego, a strange phenom enon cropped up In the commercial Beh ftrade of Arkansas. Borne of the channel catten bad broken back*. They couldn't cwirn peoBirly. They flopped from side to side. They oontfln't maintain tlietr normal position In the water. Vuder nature's taw of survival, those erlppted dentures quickly disappeared. But the mystery of the so-called broken back syndrom* remained. IteeenUy, two government sclentleu at Mlwottri'a Fish-Pesticide Laboratory linked thte erippMng In fish with one of the most Widely used Insecticide* tn th* United State*--loxaphen*. Wbstb more, th* broken back syndrome waa only th* tip of the toeberg, Dra. Foster L. Mayer Jr. and Paul M. Mehrle discovered that th* overall tike *f th# Aah was stunted by atmori o third. Reproduction wn* down by IB per cent, skeletal deformation waa so Widespread that SO per oent showed sign* of broken bach syndrome. At Bret, the nett spneared to be normal, but X-rays revealed that dramatic anatomical changes bad taken Mew*. St waa only a question of Urn# before the bonce became o britU* that tha spine "arcI ?It'*took to produce these changes were low levels of the Insecticide over a Jong period Of tins# levels that correspond to whet has been measured In the environment. Bince DOT end aldrln and dleldria have be*tt banned by the 1PA, toxaphene Is now tbs country'* leading pesticide. It le used predominantly In tha South on cotton. Ac cording to SPA flgurea, 7S million pcuode of toaaphene are produced a year. Since th* SMmletl revolution began after World War St. mors than a billion pounds hare been added to the environment. In Arkansas, many commercial cattish farms are neat to th* oovvon Btlds. uvea outset Another qn**i-t>*m*nent factor in the eneieonmeni or* ths industrial POD*, saeoglal in the electronic* Industry, ltlgbly resistani to heat, PCite are used, for example. in hidesalls fluids for high-energy transformer*. An efficient ptaellelaer, PCS* have elio been metabolism of fraah water Aah. In ralnbov uxed In household painta, calking material* trout, for example, dleMrin produces alt the and copy paper. In 1970 the Monsanto Com biochemical trademarks for PKV. th* me pany produced 99 million pound* ot the tabolic disorder in human beings that lead# super chemical. to mental retardation. Meanwhile, scientist# discovered that high it only took 9/10th* ppm for 909 days to amounts of PCBs esused liver damage in ex produce this effect. To b* sure, scientist# no perimental animals and affected reproduc ticed no visible change* In the fish In terms tion. An outbreak of PCll poisoning from of overall sis* or tn general behavior. Nor contaminated rlc* oil look place In Japan could they ssy that a change In amino arid where roughly a thousand people suffered! metabolism was not a healthy edMptie* re- from a skin disease and more than a doren\ eponee for a fish to a chemical change In bis died. environment. Monsanto alerted Its customer* to the toxic effect* of PCS* end limited the me of the compounds to closed system beat exchanges. The FDA set regulation* of 9 ppm (parts per million) and under for food and animal feed. Production i* now down to 40 million pound# a year. But the damage ha# been dode. Rvault* "The point her* Is that the residues of die!drln it took In the fleh to affect the amino acid* and produee th* biochemical signs fer PKU were In th* same rang* of tha dleidrin residue* measured tn ftsh by the national monitoring program," Dr. Mhr points out. pom qtrxcnoK* from tbe national pesticide monitoring pro- * There are four questions aelrntiate ark gram show that PCBs are still a major pol about each chemical tested: I. Does th* com lutant in the environment. High residues pound degrade, leaving no chemical trac*, or exist tn fish, particularly in industrial areas. doe# com# form cf It persist, becoming a In 1911, before uta curb on production, resi quasi-permanent factor in the environment? dues reached aa high as 900 ppm in Hudson >. If the compound persists, is it readily eb- River Beh. Level* currently detected tn th* aorbed by living organisms, starting at the Great Lakes ere still eight tinea above FDA regulation*. A* a result of PCS contamination, com mercial Ashing tn Lake Michigan essentially has been stopped since 1971. Recently, stale oAoiaie in New York warned consumers not to sat striped bees from th* Hudson River or salmon from Lake Ontario. Tbo city of It Louie Just cloked its public Ashing pond stocked with carp because the fish were found to ba polluted. Tha environmental problem Is that FC8* accumulate in the tissues of Bsb. While weter samples mey only Show trace amount* of th* chemical, fish are a living storehouse of the toxic substance. What haunts eelantute la not Just the fact PCM* are lethal tn high amount*. Of far move ranching algnlflcance may be the biochemical change* produced by'very lew amounts of PCD*. At ETA'S Florida laboratory, scientist# determined the* roughly U*th of tha lethal dee* seriously affects reproduction of salt water specie*. In one experiment, sheepahead minnow war* axpoaad to ll ppm of PCBe for a month. After tha Bah spawned. the eggs were placed In olean water. Only M per tent of tha young from theae eggs survived. While no such drematle effect took place with fresh water fleh, significant changes occurred. In channel catfish exposed to only 9.4 ppm, the thyroid activity increased by 60 to to per sent, in salmon the same effect wax seen with on* half ot a part per million-* 'teeth of th* lethal doae. Th# thyroid gland la th* kay regulator In fish. Xt Is associated directly or Indirectly with all physiological functions auch aa ox bottom of the food chain In plants and on up to man? 3. If the chemical la taken in. does it build up Inside the organism* i. What art th* biochemical consequences? Scientists quietly arc testing chemical after chemical on fleh. Only In th* last three years has this type of research taken on a major re sponsibility in the screwing of toxic sub stances. The process is slow. *'lf w* see so accumulation of a chemical in food or in flab, It's a red flag." oxpiains Dr. B. Thoms* Johnson, microbiologist at aba Flah-Peetletd* Laboratory Ut Missouri. "We're not e*ying a compound should not b* used. We ere saying It should b* more extensively studied before It Is released late th* environment." Last year, the Missouri laboratory tested ? chemical# for effects on Bsb. Ths majority turn out to ba benign with a few dotsbhe ex ceptions and It la th* exceptions that or* significant. The object not only la to datermlne the consequence* of chemicals already in the en vironment but to assess ths potential dam age In new compounds. Tbe stakes are high. Chemicals have be come an Integral part of people'a lives. "For these reason#, we have to be eery care ful," explain* Dr. Meyer, chief ebemitt at tbs Ftsh-P**Uelde Laboratory. "Beery night X Me awake thinking. Nave wa forgotten some thing In our experiment? Just on* little thing can make the experiment go either way. Either 'he use of x chemical Is crushed or a compound slips through that will erush th* environment." ygen eonaumpUon and carbohydrate metab olism. "We are looking at the eubleUuU, biochem ical effeete that are not really causing mor tality," explain* Dr. Mehrle at th* Pish Peatteida Laboratory in Mimour). "But when the aubiethal effect* concern a parameter like tbe thyroid gland which controls tha be havior of Ash. you are talking about chronic mortality." txneneiDM ihmd Aldrln and dleldrfn have a similar etory to tell. In 1973, 19 million pounds were pro duced in th* United Btate*. The two in secticide* have been banned because they eaueed cancerous tumor* in experimental an imal#. But tike DDT, PCBa and toxaphene. aldrln and dleldria seem to b* persistent in th* environment and residue* stut are found in Bah. The level* are relatively low, but these low level* are capable of producing sig nificant phyeiologlaaJ chances. At tha FlshPeatlctd* laboratory in Missouri, scleullste showed that dletdiln altera the amino acid CONSULTING FIRM REPORT ON THE DOMESTIC 00* PRICING SYSTEM AND TH* IMPACT OF OIL PRICE DECONTROL ON THE AMERICAN ECONOMY HON. leonorTc. suluvan or aitssouai IN THE HOUSE OF RSPRE8ENTATIVK8 Wednesday, September 17, 1975 Mrs. SULLIVAN. My. Speaker. I re cently received In the mall from Mr. Jesse Calhoon, president of the National Marine Engineers* Beneficial Associa tion. ft pertinent and interesting study prepared by n Washington consulting firm which le an analysis o' the domes tic pricing system. Since we are con- MONS 029565