Document KGb83GZMN3Q1KbwzVV1nYnXQ6

Baltimore City Hall and Municipal Building, interiors of both painted with pure white lead and oil in accordance with city specifications LEAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION Graybar Building 420 Lexington Avenue New York Submarine Water Main Uses Lead Calking N order to provide additional neces this new main is of cast iron with lead I sary fire protection for the town of calked joints. Riverside. Conn., as recommended by The complete line, extending from the National Board of Fire Underwrit Strickland Ave.. Cos Cob. to Riverside ers. a new submarine water main is now- Ave., Riverside, is about 2,750 ft. long being laid under the Cos Cob-Riverside of which 1,300 ft. is submarine. For inlet of Long Island Sound. the regular land-laid portion of the This installation is under the control line American Water Works Standard of the Greenwich Water Company, Class B bell and spigot pipe is used, Greenwich, Conn., a subsidiary of the and Metropolitan joint pipe for the American Water Works & Electric submarine sections. The latter is 16-in Company, which supplies the towns of cast iron laid in 12 ft. lengths with Cos Cob and Riverside with water. In about 60 lb. of lead used to calk eafih accordance with their general practice, joint. Approximately 12,000 lb. are A general view of the Cos Cob-River side, Conn., water service installation, showing the land portion of the line in the foreground used in all. Joints are both hand and machine calked. On the Cos Cob side the new main connects through a 20 x 16-in cast iron tee to a main line, and is 350 ft. long. On the other side of the inlet the new line is 1.100 ft. long, tying into a 12-in main. The old mains are also all of cast iron with lead joints. For the submarine part of the line the lengths of pipe are laid on a wooden pile and trestle framework and calked together on the frame. Sections of about 100 ft., when finished, are then lowered to the bottom by means of chain falls. For a distance of about 130 ft. on the Cos Cob side of the inlet a serious mud condition on the bottom threatened installation difficulties. Soft mud was found to be from about 6 to 8 ft. deep on the bottom. CdiBsequently, this part of the line is fcsgjSen the framework, and then the piles line. The chain falls are first removed and the piles sawed off and capped, the cast iron pipe resting on the caps. The remainder of the underwater sec tion is solid bottom and the line is merely lowered to rest. The metropolitan joints, which may bear a maximum deflection of 13 deg., are used onlv with a 5 deg. deflection A section of the submarine line suspended by rope and chain falls before lowering into the water in sections of about 100 ft. long and already calked together A close-up of the submarine section of the line. Ball and socket joints of this 16" Metropolitan type cast-iron pipe are calked with lead using both air-driven and hand calking tools [2] LIA25611 Left, pouring lead into the bell and spigot joint of the 12" cast-iron land section of the line. Right, calking the lead to assure a water-tight and lasting joint which, with the flexibility of the lead calked joint, assures the tightness of the line and minimizes any necessity for recalking after the line has been lowered. This installation is but one more ex ample of the reliance placed on lead joints for cast iron mains where instal lation problems are more serious than average. Permanently tight and flexi ble, lead's excellent service under try ing conditions is even greater proof of its advisability under ordinary instal lation conditions. Moreover, the de pendability of lead for calked joints is doubly assured by the Seal of Ap proval on calking lead which guaran tees the quality and uniformity of the lead and maximum point of efficiency . G. F. Russell, engineer for the American Water Works and Electric Company, supervised the installation. Perna Brothers, Old Greenwich. Conn., installed the land portion of the line, and the McKinnon Construction Com pany, East Providence. R. I.. the sub marine line. Selecting Good Calking Lead HE importance of selecting good Lead Industries' Seal of Approval. Tlead for calking is sometimes un This familiar Seal when stamped on derestimated. Lead is such a univerlead products is assurance that they sally used material that many persons are of the highest quality obtainable. may overlook the question of quality. It was to provide this assurance that However, there are many grades of pig the Lead Industries Association set up lead, each of which has its own char rigid standards and licensed manufac acteristics, selection being determined turers to stamp products meeting these by the ultimate usage. standards with the Seal. Moreover, In calking lead, purity and softness continuous close inspection and analy are requisites. Impurities may harden sis of Seal of Approval products is lead, making thorough calking difficult provided. and the increased dross inclusion Purchasers may often be tempted to means a certain amount of waste. Soft buy calking lead at so-called `'bargain lead is absolutely necessary so that the prices," but in doing so they run the calking operation will expand the lead risk of purchasing remelted scrap to fill the joint tightly, and to take up lead unrefined and containing large whatever shrinkage occurs when the amounts of impurities. The saving lead solidifies and cools. Hard lead made by the bargain is soon more than can be expanded only at the surface. lost by excessive dross difficult calk It is not necessary for the purchaser ing, and unsatisfactory joints. With of pig lead to analyze each ingot de good lead, however, no better calked livered. He should merely word his joint can be made in cast-iron pipe. specifications so that only the highest quality material may conform. This may be done easily by requiring that SPECIFY all calking lead be stamped with the MATERIAL Eighteen manufacturers located in all parts of the country are licensed to stamp their calking lead with the Lead Industries' Seal of Approval, making this material readily available to every purchaser and user of calking lead. The standard and seal apply not only to ingot and other forms of lead for making poured joints, but to lead wool as well. In the latter case, of necessity the seal does not appear stamped on the lead but on the package or tag. The standard on calking lead upon which the Seal is authorized is as follows: Lead for calking purposes shall contain not less than 99.73 per cent pure lead. Impurities shall not exceed the following limits: Arsenic, Antimony and Tin. together.............. ............ 0.015G- Copper................... ............ 0.08 Zinc..................................... 0.002 Iron........................ ............ 0.002 Bismuth................. ............. 0.025 Silver..................... ............ 0.02 [3] LIA256 12 Large Development Builder Relies on VWiite Lead Two of the 157 homes at Orchard Park, Union, A\ built by Wilbur Dunham using production line methods. Low maintenance costs are assured on Orchard Park homes by the use of pure white lead paint on all exteriors. Left, the Cape Cod Cottage design: right, a Colonial design IOWER costs and all around better I homes have been achieved in the Orchard Park development, Union. N. J., by the use of production line methods and standard products such as pure white lead paint. Employing many of the principles used success fully in mass production, Wilbur Dun ham, developer, has succeeded in pro ducing highest quality homes and, at the same time, reduced the normal cost of such dwellings. Orchard Park is an excellent exam ple of how a builder with experience and business acumen can apply the best methods of other industries to the building field. For instance, all lumber is cut on the job by power saw to the exact lengths needed in con struction. Other methods include the use of as much prefabricated construc tion as possible. The best of materials including kiln dried lumber, red cedar shingles and clear oak flooring are used throughout these homes. Winter air conditioning, distributing warmed and humidified air evenly throughout the house, is another feature of the Orchard Park homes. Pure white lead and oil paint is specified to provide the maximum in protection and beautv for pxterior surfaces. One of the sales features at Orchard Park is, "Take the future upkeep head aches out of the house." Pure white lead paint is one of the many materials used which will help to make this state ment a reality. White lead paint gives long years of even wear leaving an ex cellent surface for repainting when that becomes necessary. "Upkeep head-aches" and maintenance expense are thus kept at a minimum without sacrifice of beauty. Two more views of the Orchard Park Homes. Brick chimneys and picket fences as well as the body of the house are painted with pure white lead and oil for lasting durability and charm [4] L IA25613 Pure white lead and oil has four ad vantages, namely, durability, stylability, serviceability and economy, that make it the ideal painting materia] for development builders. White lead combines these qualities to a greater extent than any other paint. Its long life and beautv are unsurpassed and vet it costs less to paint with pure white lead paint than with many other paints lacking its good qualities. The origi nal cost of white lead is low and its spreading rate speeds up building operations. Its durability keeps main tenance costs at a minimum and custo mers contented. Furthermore, white lead may be used on any type of sur face and in any shade or color. This eliminates the need for large stocks of different paints to meet different re quirements. White lead may be ob tained anywhere with the assurance of the same high standard of quality at all times. OISTURE is a common cause of more difficult. Under such conditions, Mpaint troubles. The anchorage peeling paint is frequently the result of a paint film is primarily dependoef ntprecipitation in sidewall cavities on the ability of the priming coadtuteo to high interior humidity and low penetrate the surface pores, there cre outside temperatures. The compara ating upon oxidation a solid bond tively warm, moisture laden interior which assures a firm foundation for air reaches the dew point and con subsequent coats. Should the pores denses between the interior and ex already be filled with moisture or, fol terior walls when its saturation point lowing application, moisture be al is suddenly reduced by lower exterior lowed to penetrate behind the film, ad temperatures. Where vapor barriers hesion is lost and loosening of the are inadequate, this condensation be paint results in unsightly blistering comes so great that it soaks the wall and peeling. The sun's rays or interior cavity, and this moisture upon being warmth causes the moisture to come drawn through to the outer surface through the wall or siding, and, since undermines the paint causing it to paint acts as a barrier to moisture com blister and peel off. The correction of ing from within as well as from with such a condition requires the installa out. water collects between the surface tion of vapor barriers in the wall as and the paint film resulting in the for well as improved ventilation of the mation of blisters. Gradually the blis house to expedite removal of excessive ters break upon expansion, and peel water vapor. ing results. Installing Vapor Barriers Sources of Moisture Correct application of the vapor The presence of blisters on a paint barrier in the wall cavity is an im film frequently provides good evidence portant factor. The United States For as to the probable location of the est Products Laboratory has carried source of the moisture. If the blisters out numerous experiments along these appear confined to a limited surface lines to determine the most efficient section, some structural fault is indi method of establishing this vapor bar cated near the affected area. Usually rier. They recommend the installation a close inspection of neighboring of an asphalt impregnated and surface joints and flashings will disclose the coated sheathing paper on the warm crack through which water has seeped side of the wall under the plaster base. to get behind the paint film. Once these This paper is highly resistant to the structural defects are repaired, mois passage of water vapor and economi ture troubles should cease. cal if applied during construction. It Where investigation reveals all joints should be applied vertically on the and flashings to be water-tight, diag studs with two-inch lap-overs. nosis and correction generally are If the possibility of the above de fects are eliminated on new construc tion, the immediate causes for trouble may be damp walls and siding as well as plaster which has not been given sufficient time to dry. It is therefore essential that all previouslv unpainted surfaces be thoroughly dry before ap plying the priming coat, and that care be taken to see that ample time elapses between coats on all work so that each will oxidize well, setting up as a firm foundation for the next. Following ex tended periods of fog. drenching rains, or when adverse drying conditions pre vail, as much as a week or more may be required before painting--as well as between coats--to guard against moisture difficulties. Selecting a Paint As to the selection of paint, there is no formula or method of application which will assure adhesion under ad verse moisture conditions; that is, no paint, whatever its formulation, can stick long to a wet surface. However, experience has proved that paint mixed with a high pigment to non-volatile ratio is more resistant to surface mois ture. while impartial tests indicate that a pure white lead and oil paint film will stand more moisture behind it before blistering than any other tvpe of house paint. Furthermore, if blis ters do appear when a coating consists entirely of white lead, they will us ually disappear when the wood dries out without leading to subsequent peel ing and scaling, according to Con sumer's Guide published by the U. S. Dept, of Agriculture. [5] LIA25614 p No. 3 N the early part of the 18th century. I the Connecticut pioneers were spread ing out from the coast and the river valley to build numerous villages throughout their territory- Almost the first consideration in a new com munity was the establishment of a parish and the provision of a place for worship. Since the first church in the early community was generally the meeting house, it naturally became the center of the growing village. The his tory of these early settlers was built around their church parish and to a great extent is inseparable from it. Therefore, as time went on, all the best in New England culture and building skill was reflected in the beautiful buildings they erected to further glorify their religious beliefs. Fre quently, these early churches remain today, in many communities, as the dominating center of historical inter est and architectural craftsmanship. Historic old churches, many of them over a hundred vears old. mav be Top, the First Congregational Church of Aeu Miljord. Conn., as seen looking East from the green. This 107-year old church has six Doric stone columns supporting the wood pediment and partially covering a front of buttjoined wood facing. The spire is constructed of wood and the sides finished with lapped clapboard. The entire build ing was repainted this Spring with pure white lead and oil Bottom. Christ Church, Episcopal, in Redding Ridge. Conn. Originally erected in 1732, this building was rebuilt in 1750 and again rebuilt in 1S33. Front and steeple are of butt-joined weather-board: sides are clapboard and roof of shingles. During the march by the British on Danburs during the American Revolution, a cannon-ball struck the church and is lodged to this day in one of its beams. Pure white lead and oil paint protects this landmark THIS IS NO. 3 OF A SERIES REPRESENTATIVE OF THAT ARE PRESERVED FOR THE FI'Tl'RE WITH PROTECTED WITH THIS REL1 LIA256 15 H 'H* Connecticut Churches Are P j r0U and Beautified With Pure ^hite Lead Paint found in practically every city and vil' lage throughout New England. Their tall white spires showing above the trees are frequently the first sign to the traveler of the town that lies ahead. In I some cases these old churches are now I in the center of a heavily built-up city: more often they are found in the pic turesque smaller villages. All of them are landmarks of Colonial culture and fine examples of early American archi tecture. Their excellent state of preser vation is a tribute not only to their builders, but also to the paint that has protected them. A great many of these ' churches are painted now as they have been in the past with pure white lead i and oil. Their gleaming beauty today is being well preserved for future genj erations by the inherent durability and I long life of pure white lead paint. * Illustrated on this page are four I century-old Connecticut churches, painted with pure white lead and oil and representative of many more that may be seen in other parts of the State. Top, the Congregational Church in Litchfield, Conn., built in 1829. The body of the church is clapboard with root and spire of shingles. Four graceful Ionic wood columns adorn the front of the building. Notice particularly the fan top triple doors with the same motif carried out above on the steeple. The entire structure is being preserved with pure white lead paint Bottom, the Congregational Church of New Canaan. Conn. The Canaan Parish was established in 1733 and the pres ent church completed in 1834. The main portion of the church is of clapboard with front doors framed by four wood pilasters. The tall spire is constructed of flat buttfoined weather-board. Pure white lead paint protects this building, and preserves its beauty for future generations F THE > .*- fctt LANDMARKS IN VABlOrS SECTIONS OF THE COUNTRY FIRE OIL PAINT. MANY OF THEM HAVE ALWAYS BEEN LIABLE '`^'CORDING TO AVAILABLE RECORDS. i LIA25616 Modern Lead Plumbing Methods on Housing Project Left to right, kneel ing. A. J. Monier. president, and 0. B. Monier. vice - presi dent. of A. }. Mon ier, Inc., plumbing contractor for Alazan Courts Housing Project: standing. Kurt A. J. Monier, secretary treasurer, and Oran J. Vick, plumbing inspector on the project l azan c o u r t s h o u s in g A PROJECT, in San Antonio, Texas, involved one of the largest plumbing contracts ever let in that city. The project covers eight city blocks, has 932 separate apartment units and administration building with 3,265 fixtures to rough and set. All fixture wastes and closet connections are lead, all baths have lead drum traps, all roof flashings are made up from sheet lead, and all joints in castiron pipe are calked with lead. Fur TOBP5--- thermore, all this lead pipe, fittings and calking lead is stamped with the Lead Industries' Seal of Approval. All lead embedded in the poured concrete SPECIFY MATERIAL slab was painted with asphalt paint. In all, 932 lead drum traps, approxi mately 16.000 lb. of lead pipe, 15.500 lb. of sheet lead, 18 tons of calking lead and 3 tons of solder were used. Left Top, O. B. Monier goes over detailed blue-prints of their work with journeymen to familiarize them with all phases To perform a contract of this size at the low cost necessary for United States Housing Authority projects requires a responsible contractor having engi neering and organization skill and a knowledge of the materials used, as well as skilled craftsmen. There is slight benefit to be derived from low cost housing if the materials used in the installation are not of the highest durability and efficiency. Otherwise maintenance costs soon force rent schedules up. and the project no longer serves its low rent function. Slum sec tions are the basic reason for such pro jects, and one of the greatest evils of slums is their lack of any plumbing or the fact that what plumbing originally was installed has become so deterior ated that it constitutes a serious health hazard. Consequently, it would be foolish to place inferior piping in the projects designed to eliminate the Bottom, journeyman prepares lead pipe for wiping while plumbing inspector Kissling and O. B. Monier look on Right, journeymen pre pare and wipe drum trap connections [8] teristic necessary to provide lifetime service. On U. S. H. A. projects lead has shown numerous times that it does not raise the expense, for lead plumb ing is fabricated on "assembly line" methods just as many other products, without sacrificing qualitv of crafts manship. Every phase of the plumbing work in Alazan Courts was covered by de tailed drawings and each skilled lead worker provided with the drawings * covering his part of the work. Thus he became thoroughly acquainted with his part in it, eliminating lost motion and time required to work out details on the job. Entire frames of waste and vent pipes may be assembled quickly slums. It is not so much the fixtures tures or how carefully installed, if the by this method and merelv calked into in a plumbing system that constitute pipes in the walls are not dependable, place, a procedure unobtainable with a health hazard. Modern science and leaks and escaping sewer gas and screwed systems, keeping costs low. research on the part of the plumbing waste are the almost inevitable result. Phelps, DeWees & Simmons are the industry has clarified the question of That is the main reason why so many architects at San Antonio for the dangerous fixtures. It is the danger of projects have relied upon lead plumb United States Housing Authority. A. J. easily corroded pipes in the walls that ing. Non-corrodible, flexible, with Monier, Inc. of San Antonio was the is greatest. No matter how fine the fix bonded joints, lead has every charac plumbing contractor on the project. Another Proof of Lead Services7 Long Time Economy ORTY-SEVEN years ago a 1-in lead bility of lead water services. They rep Fwater main was installed to serve resent the factual proof of lead's ad several buildings of Saint Mary's Aca vantages. The reasons for this superi demy. Bay View, East Providence, R. I. ority have been brought out in many This service connected to the street discussions and papers, outstanding of main at one end and fed lead water which was presented at the New Eng laterals at the other end to supply the land Water Works Association last various individual buildings. Fifteen year. A resume of this paper was re vears later. 32 years ago, an additional ported in LEAD, May 1940. Copies of main \ \/n in. in diameter, was installed the paper and its frank treatment of in the same way to supply lead later als to other buildings. Recently both lead mains were re moved to permit the installation of larger pipes, a procedure necessary because of increased water demand. The photograph shows the excellent condition of the original lead mains after 47 and 32 years of service, re spectively. The lead laterals were like wise in perfect condition and were re connected to the new lead mains for many more years of service. It was A close-up show ing the excellem condition of lead water mains after 47 and 32 years of service, respective ly, in Bay View, East Providence, R. /. necessary merely to wipe the new mains to the joints at the service boxes. Countless examples such as this may be shown all over the country each year, testifying to the superior dura modern lead water pipe characteristics are still available upon request bywater works engineers. Water for Saint Marv's Academv is supplied by the East Providence Water Company. James V. Turner is water superintendent under whose super vision the installation of the new lead services was made by James J. Dunn. Plumbing Contractor. Riverside. R. I. [9] i LIA2 5618 Baltimore's City Government Specifies White Lead OW white lead and oil helps to Since their switch to white lead specifi Hsolve a large city's painting prob cations early in 1937, the City Bureau lems is well illustrated by the expeorfi Central Purchase reports that they ence of the City of Baltimore, Md. have been free from many of the diffi culties that w'ere experienced in the past with the purchase of other paints, and are getting the most satisfactoryresults with their white lead program. Before 1937. Baltimore purchased paint under specifications calling for a multi-pigment paint meeting various minimum requirements. This system, however, showed numerous drawbacks. Most important of these according to J. H. Gaston, Purchasing Agent for the City of Baltimore, was the difficulty in obtaining a uniform product. Better standardization of paint specifications was needed if Baltimore was to have more efficient purchasing and greater satisfaction from its painting. As a re sult, the Board of Central Purchase began a program calling for pure white lead paint. Today this city specifies white lead and oil paint for over 65<r of its total paint purchases, with the percentage of white lead over other paints increasing every year. The yearly increase in white lead consump tion by the City of Baltimore is clearlyshown by the follow-ing figures: The Municipal Office Building of the City of Baltimore. All exterior trim and the entire interior of this building have been painted with pare white lead and oil in accordance with City of Baltimore specifications 1936 ..................... 1937 ..................... 1938 ..................... 1939 ..................... 6.325 lb. 27.8501b. 99.5751b. 103.7251b. The Nurses Home at the Baltimore City Hospital. Pure white lead paint provides lasting decoration for interior walls [10] In a recent interview. Mr. Gaston ex pressed the following views in behalf of the Bureau of Central Purchase: "We are having excellent results with pure white lead and oil. Purchas ing has been made much easier and more efficient and w-e are noticeably free from the difficulties we once had with some of the lower grade paints on the market. Although there are manyexcellent ready mixed paints, it is fre quently difficult to differentiate be tween the good and the bad. We are finding that our lead and oil jobs are not only giving us the best of service but are proving highly economical as well. At present, white lead consti tutes over 65% of our total paint pur chases. We are going to increase this percentage every year because we feel that white lead does a better all around job than any other paint." There are many excellent reasons why white lead has solved Baltimore's LJ425619 paint problem. Paste white lead is a standard product, which, when bought from any of the established white lead manufacturers, will be found to be of highest quality and uniformity. Since white lead is so thoroughly standard ized. its specification and purchase is greatly simplified. This fact and the recognized durability and low cost of white lead has made it the one paint that completely satisfies Baltimore's paint requirements. Illustrated on this page and on the cover are some of the Baltimore city buildings recently painted with pure white lead paint in accordance with the new specifications for city painting. These principle buildings and many others including a majority of the City schools are now being painted both ex terior and interior with pure white lead and oil. The Baltimore City Hospital. Exterior trim and all interior rooms except a feu, requiring special treatment are painted with pure white lead and oil and permit ting repeated washings for sanitary purposes F. H. A. Modernization Drive in Full Swing NOTHER nation-wide moderniza- cult to install. This is true of both Ak tion drive sponsored by the plumbing and sheet metal work. In Federal Housing Administration wapslumbing, additional bathrooms, new renders this same working advantage, flashings and other new and replace ment work being easily and snugly fit begun in mid-August and is now pro fixtures, shower stalls and new pipes into even the most difficult corners. ceeding at a rapid pace. Among the to replace old clogged or leaking pipes Moreover, the fact that the new low many items eligible for loans, paint are easily roughed in with flexible cost of hard lead flashing makes ing. sheet metal work and roofing, lead pipe. With lead pipe unusual this material competitive with other and plumbing modernization are three bends and changes in direction, neces metals commonly used is a sales of the most important and popular. sitated many times by remodeling factor of great importance to home The campaign offers an excellent work, are but a simple matter. Their owners who wish to obtain the most opportunity to architects, builders, installation with screwed systems from their building dollar. contractors and others to benefit by would mean many extra fittings and W hether in new work or repainting the widespread interest aroused by the a consequent increase in cost. Also, there is. of course, no substitute for F. H. A. publicity. An attractive win by eliminating the projecting bulk of pure white lead, and the economv of dow display in three colors, a two- such fittings, the lead piping may white lead jobs will be an added sales color booklet for distribution to home fit into the smallest possible space. factor to help contractors obtain owners by contractors, and a manual The flexibility of sheet lead, too, remodeling work. for contractors explaining how they may increase their sales through the F. H. A. installment payment plan are all available free of charge. They may be obtained directly from the F. bn V'1 ^ H. A. at W ashington or its 64 field offices. Armed with such excellent sales material contractors should experience no difficulty in pushing remodeling Window streamer and side pieces each measuring 60 x 16 in. provided to contractors bv the F.H.A. to help them tie in with fall modernization drive. work, especially where they plan to use lead products. In many cases re modeling must be done in cramped At right, a window display poster, 28*4 * 38*4 in,, also provided. spaces where rigid materials are diffi [11] L IA25620 What paint do most architects prefer? Drucker & Baltes Co. PRESERVED FOR THE FUTURE--Protection against time and weather of this beautiful old Long Island residence, built in 1705, is entrusted to pure white lead paint. T~pVERY architect wants his work to stand the test of time --and paint has a lot to do with that. That is why so many architects favor the use of paints made with white lead--because long experi ence proves there's nothing like white lead in making paint resistant to time and weather. Made from lead, one of the most durable of metals, white lead endows paint with the same kind of slow-wearing quality--gives it a tough elasticity that prevents cracking and scaling--makes it cling in a smooth unbroken film that protects the surface underneath from moisture and rot. The best proof of that is the many fine old buildings that have been preserved down through the years by white lead paint. So it's a good idea when specifying paint to know how much lead it contains. And it's a pretty safe rule to say: the higher the lead content, the better the paint. You can't, for example, get a more durable paint than one containing 100% white lead. This is the kind good painters mix from leadin-oil . In many localities it is also sold ready for use. Le a d In d u s t r ie s As s o c ia t io n 420 Lexington Avenue, New York, N. Y. HOW LONG SHOULD A GOOD PAINT JOS LASTT You'll find the answer to this and many other important paint questions in the booklet "WHAT TO EXPECT FROM WHITE LEAP PAINT." Send for your free copy today lA^5b2i PRINTED IN U. S. A. BY PUBLISHERS PRINTING COMPANY NFW YORK CITY