Document KG7prj7pRNdbxjR4vegVgkBDK

--/ Monsanto CSmOoSs-Plastics ____ OjRTHOAIITROBIPHENYL PtasHdxmr A Clpmital fntemwdfato MAY 3 197? MOuSA..TO COMPANY _ t Cj>7t July 30, 1951 sr. louis ^fg|nle CHamicals Division, St. Louis, Mo. Monsanto tJCamlcal^ompanyT Ortho-nitrobiphenyl (ONB) is * good genera] purpose plasticizer worthy of con sideration in most types of plastic, lacquer and adhesive compositions where its low cost makes possible economies difficult to obtain with other primary plasticizers. ONB is compatible with a wide variety of resins including cellulose esters and ethers, polyvinyl chloride and its copolymers, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polystyrene, rosin, rosin esters, modified rosin esters, modi fied phenolic resins, oil soluble phenolic resins, alkyd resins and vegetable oils. This wide range of compatibility suggests the following uses: PlasticizeT in thermoplastic molding and extrusion compositions Plasticizer in polystyrene late.N paints Plasticizer for polyvinyl chloride plastisols and organosols Plasticizer in adhesives Plasticizer in lacquer-type coatings Camphor substitute in nitrocellulose compositions ON'B is also suggested as an intermediate for the manufacture of dyestuffs and it is valuable as a constituent in certain types of wood preserving formulations. z o fe o TIM infaimation camalnab In <hli bUlatin In, In nw ban! kaowlMa, *ua aM acaurata, but U aacMmandattaaa m pifftxlofii mI, *r|ihn( |virvM. nine* thn toaidlUoM of uii bayunb nw eaMyal. Tin Mnnnamo CIIM44 Cnvwnv dnclnlmn ant liability Ineurmd In aoanaetlaD with tha in a( that* dala r au**aatia*a. rla lb--on. natKInc conlatnad harain ahall ba eanatraad a* a racaonandatiaa M aataniw pataana avart any aiatartaJ m Ha uaa. any mfcil In cendiet abb 0614286 TOWOLDMON0038459 WATER_PCB-00022928 TABLE OF CONTENTS Physical and Chemical Preparties Uses As A Plasticizer Cellulose Nitrate {Plastics Grade] Cellulose Nitrate (Lacquer Grade) Cellulose Acetate Cellulose Acetate Butyrate Polyvinyl Acetate Polyvinyl Formal Polyvinyl Butyral Polyvinyl Chloride Polystyrene Ethyl Cellulose Rubber (Natural and Synthetic) Other Uses Handling Information Suppliers of Materials Listed in Suggested Formulations Page I 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 5 $ ^ 7 B 9 061 b 7 TOWOLDMON0038460 WATER_PCB-00022929 PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES PURE MATERIAL Molecular WoigM: Formula:................ 199.20 MU, o<t> COMMERCIAL PRODUCT (approximate values -- from typical analyses) Appearance and Color: Odor: Light yellow to reddish colored, liquid or crystalline solid Characteristic, sweet odor Melting Point: 35C. (supercools readily) Boiling Point: 172C. at 10 mm. Hg 330C. at 760 mm. Hg Vapor Pressure: See chart on page 2 Refractive Index: 1.613 at 25C. Specific Gravity: 1.189 at 40V15.SC. Weight per Gallon: 9.9 pounds Viscosity: 38 centipoises at 25C. (determined on super cooled material) 12 centipoises at 45 C. Hash Point: 143C.(289.5F.) Fire Point: 1 79C.(354.5F.) Solubility: Practically insoluble in water (either hot or cold), Readily Soluble In: Acetone Amyl Acetate Benzene Carbon Tetrachloride Corn Oil Ether Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Alcohol Glacial Acetic Acid Linseed Oil Methyl Alcohol Methyl Ethyl Ketone Mineral Spirits Ortho-Dichlorobenzene Perchlorethylene Pine Oil Soya Bean Oil Turpentine U6l42dd TOWOLDMON0038461 WATER_PCB-00022930 ABSOLUTE PRESSURE - - m illim e te r s o f m ercury VAPOR PRESSURE (APPROXIMATE) of ORTHO - NITROBIPHENYL TEMPERATURE -- DECREES CENTIGRADE 06U.289 TOWOLDMON0038462 WATER_PCB-00022931 USES AS A PLASTICIZER ONE is bji economical primary plasticizer which plasticizes most resins, both synthetic and natural. The amount required to accomplish a particular job varies with the resin and the end properties desired. It is particularly useful in adhesives; polystyrene latex paints; polyvinyl chloride plastisols, organosols, ex trusions and moldings; nitrocellulose lacquers and cellulose acetate molding compounds. The general utili ty of ONB in several plastics is indicated below: Cellulose Nitrate (Plastics Grade) ONB when used to plasticize cellulose nitrate gives properties very similar to a camphor plastic ized film. It can be used in conjunction with camphor and in several cases these films have proper ties superior to films plasticized with camphor alone. ONB is generally used in the range of SO to 40 parts per 100 parts of cellulose nitrate. Cellulose Nitrate (Lacquer Grade) In nitrocellulose lacquers, ONB produces bard, tough compositions. Solvent release is aided by using ONB. ONB raises the spew point of castor oil in cellulose nitrate coatings. A 50-50 blend of ONB-castor oil imparts better flex life than when castor oil is used alone. ONB has a volatility about equal to dibutyl phthalate though its efficiency is somewhat less. Cellulose Acetate When used in cellulose acetate, either in conjunction with other plasticizers or as the sole plas ticizer, the use of ONB results in a lower volatility, lower water absorption and a lower percentage of soluble matter lost upon water immersion. 50 parts of ONB per 100 of cellulose acetate gives clear, transparent compositions of good molding properties and medium flexibility. Below are listed two formulations and test results of ONB and diethyl phthalate (DEP) in plasticized cellulose acetate compositions: Composition PM-3 Cellulose Acetate Diethyl Phthalate ONB Tost Results Volatility (% Plasticizer Loss, 74 hrs. at 84.5C.) % Water Absorbed % Soluble Matter Lost Formulation Containing DEP ONE 100 100 50 -- 50 33.0 6.74 2.80 30.8 5.67 1.93 061A290 TOWOLDMON0038463 WATER_PCB-00022932 CoNulesa Aeatata Butyrato ONB is compatible with cellulose acetate butyrate and produces hard, tough compositions suitable for molding. In cellulose acetate butyrate lacquers, ONB forms tough, durable films. Polyvinyl Acetate ONB is highly compatible with polyvinyl acetate. 40 to 50 parts of ONB per 100 of polyvinyl acetate gives very flexible, tacky compositions that make excellent emulsion adhesives. ONB is useful in poly vinyl acetate adhesives because it: - Has high compatibility with the resin Increases water resistance Imparts good solvent resistance Imparts good tack Is one of the few plasticizers that allows the preparation of rubbery, polyvinyl acetate adhesives These properties suggest tbe use of ONB in polyvinyl acetate adhesives for wall tile mastic, cold pad ding cements for paper, tabbing cements for paper, and a general binding cement. It is also useful in general purpose, box and carton adhesives as well as wood cements for various types of woodwork. A suggested starting formula is listed below: Polyvinyl acetate emulsion (50% solids) ONB 100 20-25 Note.- The ONB i melted and added slowly with aodertte agitation to the polyvinyl acetate emulsion. In cold climates, ONB will occasionally crystallize when used alone in polyvinyl acetate adhesives. This may be corrected by mixing ONB with other liquid, solvent plasticizers as dibutyl phthalate, tricresyl phosphate, etc. Polyvinyl Formal (Formvar*) In polyvinyl formal ONB imparts a better flexibility than it does in cellulose acetate. Temperatures of 150-160C. are required for good flow characteristics in molding operations. The incorporation of 50 parts of ONB per 100 of resin results in twice the outdoor aging resistance over the unplasticized resin. Polyvinyl Butyral (Butvar*) 40 parts of ONB per 100 of polyvinyl butyral results in a flexible composition with a flow temperature of 120-130C. At 50 parts of ONB per 100 of resin the film is flexible but somewhat tacky. C6U<i9I TOWOLDMON0038464 WATER_PCB-00022933 Polyvinyl CMoridi ONB is compatible with polyvinyl chloride and is particularly useful in plastisols, organosols and ex trusions. It is generally used in conjunction with one or more other plasticizers such as Santicizer*l07, Santicizer 141, Santicizer 160, tricresyl phosphate or dibutyl phth&late. ONB is compatible in vinyls up to at least 40 parts per 100 of polyvinyl chloride. The low temperature properties and volatility of ONB, compared to dibutyl pbthalate (DBP) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP), are listed be low: ONB ONB DBP DBP DOP DOP % Plasticizer (wt.) 30 40 30 40 30 40 tf rc.) + 2.5 -12.2 -13.7 -42.0 -15.0 -36.0 % PUitieixer test 20.2 38.0 21.2 40.5 3.4 3.2 ONB plasticized plastisols have good viscosity stability during storage. This property suggests its use in such end products as glove, rack and other dip applications as well as vinyl strip coatings. Other uses suggested are miscellaneous fabric and paper coatings. A typical low cost starting formula for dipping applications is listed below: P.V.C. resin (plastisol type) Santicizer 107 ONB Aroclor*1254 Filler Stabilizer Pigment 100 25 20 15 20 1-4 0-3 In thick or semirigid extrusions or moldings ONB improves flow characteristics and gloss. A suggested starting formula that illustrates the use of ONB in extrusion compounds is listed below: P.V.C. resin Santicizer 160 Santicizer 140 ONB Low temperature plasticizer (dioctyl adipate or fatty acid type) Filler Stabilizer Pigment 100 20 10 15 10 15 2-5 0-3 0614292 I TOWOLDMON0038465 WATER_PCB-00022934 The physical and electrical properties of polyvinyl chloride plasticised with ONB, dioctyl phthalete and tricresyl phosphate (TCP), respectively, are listed below: Proparty Tensile Elongation, % Low Temp. Flex. (1) Durometer . Power Factor SIC Loss Factor Ins. Res., 10"ohms/cm\ (1) Clash Berg Method Formulation Containing ONB DOP TCP 2000 1930 2650 290 -17C. 85 0.052 13.1 290 -38C. 83 0.027 7.83 290 -12C. 87 0.033 9.68 0.681 0.211 0.322 0.117 0.649 0.203 In all polyvinyl chloride applications, where light stability is a factor, the total amount of ONB should not exceed 30% of the total plasticizer as ONB has a tendency to darken on exposure. Polystyrene ONB is highly compatible with polystyrene and imparts flexibility without causing undue softening and tackiness usually encountered with other plasticizers. It is an excellent solvent for polystyrene and increases the amount of non-compatible material that can be incorporated in a formulation by serving as a mutual solvent for the polystyrene and the incompatible material. Recent work has indicated that advantage of this property can be taken in preparing plasticized polystyrene emulsion paints. As an example, a plasticizer blend consisting of 25% ONB, 75% Panflex BN-1, by weight, may be used to replace less available materials. Such an emulsion paint has good flow ch&racertistics, good emul sion stability, good adhesion, good initial color, excellent washability and no appreciable odor. Aroclors. particularly 1254 and 1262, may be used to replace Panflex BN-1 in this formulation to improve the light stability. A suggested starting formula, utilizing ONB in conjunction with two Monsanto Plastics Division Prod ucts, Lustrex* 820 and Lustrex 601-40, is detailed below: Components "A" 258 64 278 31 lbs. Ti0a (Rayox R-610 or similar) " water ground mica, 200/325 mesh " water " Lustrex 820 (alkali-soluble protective colloid) "B" 10 lbs. glyceryl monoricinole&te (or other defoamer) 9.4 " cone, ammonium hydroxide (27-28% NHi) -6- 061<t<?93 TOWOLDMON0038466 WATER_PCB-00022935 c 18.75 lbs. ONB 56.25 " Panflex BN-1 "D" 16 294 lbs. water " Lustrex 601-40 (polystyrene emulsion) "E" 7 lbs. 5% wetting agent solution (Steroi'SK, Areosol OT or similar) 0-30 " thickening solution (12.5% solution sodium polyacrylate) 100 gals, (approx, total) Process A change-can mixer is charged with "A" and stirred for 30-60 minutes. Add "B" and stir 15 minutes. Add "C" and stir one hour. Add "D" and stir one to three hours, depending on mixer efficiency. Add the wetting agent solution and stir 20 minutes. Thickener can then be added, if desired, and the whole product mixed another few minutes. Ethyl CoNuloso The compatibility of ONB in 48% ethoxy, 100 cps., ethyl cellulose b approximately 45% by weight. Thb produces compositions which age about twice as well as the unplastlcixed material. The volatili ty of ONB b slightly higher than dibutyl phthalate in ethyl cellulose. Rubber (Natural and Synthetic) The use of ONB alone and in conjunction with Dutrex is suggested as a processing aid for both nat ural and synthetic rubbers. ONB is useful in rubber-based adhesives. A suggested starting formula illustrating this use is: Chlorinated rubber Aroclor 5460 ONB Dibutyl phthalate Solvent (aromatic & aliphatic hydrocarbons) 20 20 10 10 40 rut. oa rt. off. - 7- 061<t29h TOWOLDMON0038467 WATER_PCB-00022936 OTHER USES Dyestuffs The chemical structure of OMB is such as to suggest its use in the manufacture of dyestuffs. Anti-Blooming Agent in Wood Preservative! ONB has some value as an anti-blooming agent in paintable type Santopben*20 (Monsanto's techni cal grade of pentachlorophenol, commonly known as PEMTA) formulations for the preservation of wood products. HANDLING INFORMATION ONB possesses some degree of toxicity, but this makes it by no means unique when plasticisers and solvents are considered in general. The lethal dose (LDS0), per kilogram of body weight, of ortho-nitrobiphenyl, when administered orally at one time to rabbits as a 25% preparation in olive oil, is 1.58 grams. The cor responding lethal dose administered in a similar manner to rats is 1.23 grams. This toxicity is of the same order as that of tricresyl phosphate and triphenyl phosphate. Patch tests indicate that ONB is neither a pri mary irritant nor a sensitising agent. The breathing of concentrated vapors or continuous breathing of lesser concentrations of ONB must be avoided by providing either adequate ventilation or respirators. Additional toxicity data is available upon request. In cold weather ONB crystallizes making it necessary to melt the material so that it can be easily removed from the drum. One method commonly employed is to wrap a steam line around the drum and thus slowly melt the ONB. If a heated room or oven is available, it can be used for this purpose. Direct beating by gas flame or electric plates is not recommended. *a. vs. pit. ott. 061429b TOWOLDMON0038468 WATER_PCB-00022937 SUPPLIERS OF MATERIALS LISTED IN SUGGESTED FORMULATIONS PRODUCT Aerosol OT SUPPLIER .American Cyanamid Company New York, New York Aroclor 1254 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis, Missouri Aroclor 1262 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louts, Missouri Aroclor 5460 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis, Missouri Butvar Dutrex Shawinigan Resins Corporation Springfield, Massachusetts Shell Chemical Company San Francisco, California Formvar Shawinigan Resins Corporation Springfield, Massachusetts Lustrex 820 Monsanto Chemical Company Springfield, Massachusetts Lustrex 601-40 Monsanto Chemical Company Springfield, Massachusetts Panflex BN-1 Pan American Chemical Div. Fan American Refining Corp. New York, New York Rayox R-610 R. T. Vanderbilt Co., Inc. New York, New York Santicixer 107 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis, Missouri -9- TOWOLDMON0038469 WATEFLPCB-00022938 SUPPLIERS OF MATERIALS LISTED IN SUGGESTED FORMULATIONS PRODUCT Santidier 140 SUPPLIER Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis, Missouri Santiciier 160 - Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis, Missouri Santophen 20 Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis, Missouri Sterox SK Monsanto Chemical Company St. Louis, Missouri NL O-D-Uft 2,9 ^ ~ Qb 10* wttlit te oj.a. TOWOLDMON0038470 WATER_PCB-00022939 /-- Monsanto Chemicals-Plastics __ Per further information about Ortho^NItrobiphanyl, contact tha naarait Monsanto offiea- MONSANTO CHEMICAL COMPANY ST. LOUIS AKRON BIRMINGHAM BOSTON CHARLOTTE CHICAGO CINCINNATI CLEVELAND DETROIT HOUSTON LOS ANGELES NEW YORK PHILADELPHIA PORTLAND (Or..) SAN FRANCISCO SEATTLE MONSANTO CHEMICALS LTD. London MONSANTO (CANADA) LTD. Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver MONSANTO CHEMICALS (AUSTRALIA) LTD. Malbourna Representatives in tha Principal Citiai of the World 0bl<td98 TOWOLDMON0038471 WATER_PCB-00022940