Document K8083yY8rr4dMkoRpy203qQw
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THE OAI is drown Into cylinder through inlet volvc, while omount of got 1% controlled by. metering valve |n thls'engirw
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'(jj|talection valve must work freely, jjjriafc'riur* Pushing does not bind stem
stapmHr port
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QAS metering valve of duet-fuel unit Is octuoted by the lever at the right
OA5-MAIN hookup tor lorgo nglne is at top. for small angina at bottom
fUll-OIBIEl duol-fuel unit, ccmprestion iparV-Ignltlon gat
pressure can be anywhere between three
and seven inches of water. But, egsin,
Dual-Fuel Maintenance
best operating figure depends oa engine and gas quality.
Gas hookups for units, both small (about 150 hp) and large (to 5000 hp and more), are shown in sketch (right, facing page).
Motoring Valve. Gas next passes to
the metering valve. This valve (sketch, center on foeing . pege) ' it operated
By C MOROAN JONES, 0*j*f fogMeer
through a fuel-gas control shaft, oper ated in turn hy governor linkage. These
valves are important. They can be in
dividually adjusted for required gas
flow to each cylinder.
Both cas-ihci** end diesel men often regard the dual-fuel engine as something of e mystery. But, while dif ferent, it actually colls for no speciallied maintenance know-how or operat ing ability. There are soma equipment parts on a dual-fuel engine not found en the full diesel, though. These ere commonplace on the fuff gas engine.
Scrubber. First of these extras is the gas scrubber, between the gas main, supplying the plant and the engine. If gas is corrosive, scrubbers remove trou blemakers, which greatly extends liner, piston and valve tife. Fit two scrubbers so you can clean one while the other lakes load. If only one Is used, operate engine as a full diesel while changing or cleaning scrubber.
Reducer*. Meat are the gas pressurereducers. You must always use these even when ges pressure is low, as they maintain the right pressure. When gas pressure Is high, I've found that two
When engine is running, compare ex
reducers give better gat-pressure con haust temperatures. If there's a dif
trol. Reduced gas passes to receiver.
ference of more than 50 F at full load,
Receiver pressure is important and adjust metering valres until exhaust
receiver's capacity depends on engine temperatures are balanced and within 50
site. A good receiver capacity-formula F of each other. It's usually best to
Is to allow 0.02 cu ft of capacity for reduce high temperatures instead of
each 1000 Rtu contained in a cubic fool bringing el] readings up to-hlgb figure-
of gas. Multiply answer by englno's Reduce unless they aro well below max
fuif-lood horsepower, ff gas value it imum figure recommended for engine
only 500 Btu, receiver capacity must be ' when running at full load. If below,
doubted. So if engine Is rated 1000 bp admit more gas to low reading cylinder
nd gas value is only 500 Btu, receiver to Increase exhaust temperatures.
capacity will be 40 cu ft.
Pay careful attention to liming of
From receiver, gas passes to engine's gas-injection valve. Titfa valve admit*
gas manifold. Manifold pressure is im metered gas into engine's air intakeportant. For supercharged engines, a manifold. Sketch above shows position-
manifold pressure of 10 to 20 psl is
Don't open gss injection-valve while
best, but exact pressure depends on en- exhaust valve is open. In all modem
gino Itself. Rarely will two'englnes burn, engines, exhaust, air-lnlei valves are
ing the tame fuel give identical per both open briefly as piston passes
formances under similar conditions. through top center, at end of exhatui,
Instead, I find that trial and error often end beginning of air-inlet stroke. In*
decide best operating pressure.
' jectlon valve opens the instant exits')1*
For nonsupercharged engines, gas valve closes, ff gas fnjection-vsfve opens
114
NANI OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE SECIION
ROWES
Cites Burned to Diuffue) Entfm tod The)/ Vtlua
ftleiare exhaust valve Is closed, get will `ij&s'ierMs combustion space and out of ij^ins Into exhaust manifold, where it 3$ born in exhaust line* or silencer. jfi|B|scrte vahrea ere often operated by pWr own individual camshaft, or by an
ftfiilonsl cam. on main camshaft. If ' _ afikafi j correctly timed, then valves
noil, also be correctly timed, so only `dittitment needed is at valve tappets. .^Sketch (left, above) shows one type of
Hit* haot velvt tv ft n It
ClOwUH Will ** CaeS 00* Cak-*a en Nehirvl en Ihi-ntir eai
ou fti JwtW PrHftii ( IlntAwim eat
C* ft ah
4.15 S.M 4.15 10.14 1,71
erv vatiw ft ta It f Miatata
S.S vy.r HI 14.1 U.f
V).} HJ 4S.J 14.7
* jHiinjetiion-vsWe. k-`*pno make of dual-fuel engine oper>
'ita.on high-pressure gas. Gas enters
'empnaaot from scrubbers and is de
livered to cylinder-head valve at about
MjdO. psl. Compressor is engine mounted
Wdodspendently powered. Cas Is held justment. Always check gas metering-
*;'s receiver (or delivery to engine.
valve and fuel-injection pump linkages.
ljj*Valre* run hotler on most dual-duel Make sure distances between linkage-
lesgiDes than on full diesels. Often, you pin centers are correct at every over
have to make slight tappet ad- haul. These dimensions can effect meter
^justmenis besides those manufacturer ing of oil fuel and gas. If engine
1'Veecmtncnds for best operating results. "hunts" (speed varies at constant
lw.jll one cylinder continuolly-detonates,
i[J^frtard hi loel-oil pump timing from one IVf'D.ihres degrees. This should help un-
throttle setting) inspect linkage for binding and, if a long time has elapsed since last overhaul, for wear.
'.'FM its cause Is something unusual,
Trouble shooting in dual-fuel en
at focreaaed compression rath for gines. Let's sey engine if running on
c*^n,icr> CjT&k W4y* carry cooling-water tempera-
high as manufacturer allows,
oil, and control lever or wheel is turned to iJie gaa position. If engine loses speed, line valves In gas hookup may
engine runs on full oil and ges be closed or only partly opened.
i^.Wxture (with plenty of gas) but grod-
If engine fails to pick up speed when
l2aJ[*llMMrea jnto oil operating range so running on gaB-and-diesel fuel mixtuie,
^ IJpcentage of oil burned slowly In- check the gas metering-valves. They
.v*'-*?***'
css pressure at moln and may be Improperly set. Faulty setting
t'^.'bfecehrer. Trouble may be dirty gas of valve can also lead to "hunting."
^Wf^sr or cleaner, or defective gas
1/ angina knocks when running on
diesel fuel, and gas injection of "pilot" *54fiflTWrt' linkage needj accurate ad- ufuewl is isklng piece....l.o..o.....e..a..r..ly, rre--tard
injection. Clearance. of gas injectionvalves may be too little, or Injection valve may be leaking. Often valve pack
ing is too light and needs slackening back to' allow valve to move freely and admit full quantity of gas io cylinder. Knocking can also be from unbalanced
cylinders. If engine alert* but runs'erratically
when placed on gas fuel, check for: (l) low gas-fuel pressure (2) defective gas regulator! (3) Incorrectly adjusted gas throttle (4) incorrect gas-lnjection-
vb!vq clearance. Should ongln* misfire in exhaust
manifold, pilot fuel-injection jj taking
place too laic. H pyrometer readings show tempera
tures are too high in all cylinder*, check
for fate injection of pilot oil li temperature la high in one cylinder
only, trouble la often due to Injection valve sticking because valve-stem peck ing Is too tight. Check stem lor grooves.
(Jo&i.
1933
fUNT OPEIATION ANO` MAINTENANCE SECTION
ill