Document K6E5KEjzex0d4E0L6obrw2ewX

* /> XnSe%e<2 CCs W, D, Lawson, lab, B. B. Davis, lab, fi, Morgan, Lab P, Robinson., Lab, (2) S. C, Horning, Exp Sta, 0, H Bullitt, " WilIIm. C W. Shay, W'ilm. fi. A* Andre, Lab, . 4'i n d e x e d K C,, Lamperfe, lab. Patent Section, lab. mn'K Library, Lab, . (5) Files l8l0 'io i m mmmm Marshall laboratory August 16, 1955 wmomwm REPORT HQ, M-746, SUPPLEMENT A PREPARED BYs H, R, HEIIEL UHI9SRSAL TINTXHG BASES QBJEOTma; (.) To develop a line of tinting colors which will be com patible with oil based as well as with emulsion paints. The system should contain the same pigments and the bases should have the same strength as the present Custom Color bases, SUMMARY: The Universal Tinting System that has been under develop ment has reached a point where many evident advantages to the pre sent Custom Color System can be established! 1, The new Universal bases are compatible with al'cycls, regular ''Flow Kobe" Quality and PVAc-Sealer Coater, .2, Universal base provide improved color development in deep tone "Plow Kobe11, 3, Prom standpoint of consistency and general storage stability the Universal bases are ahead of the Custom Color colorants. Uncompleted workt l. Improving dry of allcyd products tinted with Universal bases to deep tone tints* At present, the universal system represents some sacrifice in the dry of tinted alkyd products, 2* Effect of aging on compatibility. Information n this question at this point is variable, but inconclusive, The aging study will be complefced within 3 Won. N35503 r * -- 3. Ho information of exposure series yet available, 4, Improving of color development of some pigments in alkyd tinting whites is desirable, IMgRQDUGTIOHs The search for a vehicle for Universal bases started in April, 1954, The first phase of the accomplishments was re ported in Memorandum .Report Ho, i-JhS prepared by C W, Seeker and He R. Helkel, At that time dehydrated castor oil .H-I56 (DCG) had been, found to be most suitable vehicle when used to gether with a.wetting agent. The most promising wetting agent was Triton JC-100 (H-b09J an alkyl-aryl ether of polyoxyethylene glycol This report will cover the following; subjects? 1, Eliminating thinner from Universal bases, 2, Establishing the optimum level of wetting agent, f. .Establishing best grinding procedure, . Extending of Universal bases for light tone tints, 5. Intermixes of Universal bases, 6, Improving color development of some universal bases in alkyds* 7. Exposures. 8, Storage stability. 9* Dry of tinted material. Above questions will be handled each separately, 1, EhliBmTXie THXHMBR FROM !JH'I?ERSAh BASES-, The odorless thinner B-632 seems to impair somewhat the compatibility of the Universal bases with the emulsions, With the exception of If-679'^e the Universal bases, because of the low viscosity and good wetting properties of the Universal vehicle (BOO + wetting agent) have a creamy consistency even with out thinner. From standpoint of consistency the thinnerless Uni versal bases are superior to the Custom Color bases, Xte order to obtain the maximum color development by minimum stirring of emul sion paints the consistency of tinting base plays an Important roll. 2. OPTIMUM LE7EL OF MSTTJff MMWE, In initial work the level of wetting agent was arbi trarily set at % by weight of the tinting base, for the lncr* gsmie pigments this amount seemed in immt cases to be adequate but the organic bases required up to XQf* wetting -agent to become compatible %m emulsions. Because the inorganic bases axe approx imately twice m heavy as the organic bases they naturally re quire only half m much wetting agent as the organise to Mre A DUP030003743 amount of watting agent"e$ua.l by volume of colorant, The Triton, X-100 has been the moat promising wetting agent. .However* it was not able to provide sufficient compatibility for -622 base (Molybdate orange) not even at 10$ level. lf-630 base, (ferrite yellow) required Triton up to 10$ for getting best results. For W-622 base another wetting agent suited better. This was 'Tween 8l (polyoxyethylene sorbltan ono-oleate) that earlier had been considered as a Universal vehicle Tween 8.1 seemed to suit also other inorganic bases as well as Triton X-100, however, Tween 8l could not replace Triton X-100 in organic bases. The best results were obtained by following amounts of wetting agents W-6T9 W-895 VI-303 K-63O -622 H-300 W-527 -785 -205 5$ Tiri iton X-100 or gfl Tuween 81 IT II 10$ Triton X-100 or 10$ Tween 8i 10$ Tween 8.1 12$ Triton X-100 10$ Tirf iton X-100 II In addition to wetting agent a small amount of Soya lecithin is needed for the inorganics to .assure compatibility with emulsions, When Universal bases were subjected to even aging some of the lost their compatibility which might be caused by too low wetting .agent content* More details about these facts and pro posed corrections are ..given under the heading 7, Storage Stability. 3. SRIHDim PROCEDURE All inorganic bases were suitable for 5 Roll mill and a good fineness was obtained by grinding two passes. Of the or ganics only the -205 base -(Xasap blade) had -heavy enough con sistency for 5 Roll mill. The other organics were ground both on ball mill and "47 Process'*. These bases have a tendency to become thioxothroptc by grinding, Better fineness was obtained by Process1' and therefore also better color development in alttyds* The fineness of tinting base does not see to have ach influence on color development ip. the emulsions. The opttac fineness is 0.5-1,0 mil, lvlgp OF UBXffSRgAX> B&&&5 FOR Um TOSS TDBT3, The extender was prepared by grinding -73 i-G&GO^} ;?ith DC0 4- 5$ Triton X-100. The concentrated Universal bases were blended with this extended base at the ratio giving equal pigment volume to the corresponding Custom Color colorcasts* The color develop ment of the extended bases was excellent in both alkyds mid esul- sion.fi, DUP030003744 5. BITERMXES OF UNIVERSAL BASES The present Gusto Color system Includes TO color families of which most represent Intermixes "between two tinting basesa To compare the Universal bases to Custom Color -system, these TO color families were prepared using both the hew and old tinting systems. The colors were made at 28/1 tinting level in the light tone range and at 28/4 level la the deep tone. a) Light tones Custom Color light tone gloss 639-775 and Custom Color light tone "Flow Kofce" 389-008 were tinted side by side with the extended Custom Color bases and the extender Universal bases in that way all TO colors were obtained in both systems. The tints were brushed out and the color match between alkyd and "Flow .Kobe" was evaluated. After close comparison it could be concluded that Universal system was superior to Custom Color system as far as color match between a.lkyd and "Flow Kpte" is concerned except in those cases where the monastral pigments (-527 and -785; were involved. It should foe pointed out that 53# of the TO colors include W-J527 and 18$ -785, . The poor color match of the mon astrals resulted, from excess color development in "Flow Kobe" and low color development In alkyds. Efforts to correct this disadvantage are described under heading No. 6. The "Flow Kobe" used in soaking the mentioned tints contains wetting agent that makes it suitable for Custom Color tinting. The Universal bases already include wetting agent and are therefore compatible in regular 391-Line "Flow Kote . The . same tints using Universal colorants were made in 391-012 "Flow Kate" by calculating the amounts of needed tinting base according to the TiOp content of the white base.. Tinting 391-Line ".Flow Kobe" led f further Improvement in favor of Universal basest however, -527 was still unsatisfactory in many cases. All 70 colors were also tested In F/Ac-Sealer Goater- with favorable results. b) Beep tones A deep tone "Flow Kote" of 391-012 quality which is adjusted to the same TiOg content as Custom Color deep tone in "Flow Kote" has been prepared for feasting Universal colorants in deep tone range. The concentrated colorants of Custom Color and Universal systems were letdown In deep tone gloss and respective "Flow Kofees". In this case the over-all picture In respect of color match be tween a.ikyd and "Flow Kobe" fell In favor of Universal system. Ones more It was noticed that -527 die not develop sufficient color depth in alkyd. DUP030003745 c) Cross blends of Custom Color and Universal Colorants A few intermixes of Gusto Color bases and Universal bases were tested* When only inorganic pigments were involved the oolors were excellent* Where organic pigments were used the color uniformity represented a compi?oiaise between that -ob tained in either system above, She Custom Color - Universal cross .blends were surprisingly good in PVAo-Sealer Coater, shewing only slight color variation at various film thickness* 6* IMPROVING W -527 COLOR JDEmOPMEKT IK ALKYDS It was noticed that cross blends of Custom Color bases with the Universal^ gave good compatibility in FVAo-Sealer Coster. and slightly improved color development of the organic pigments in alkyds, This fast indicated that W-527 ground in a vehicle composed by blending DCO with RC-60.1 would probably not only im prove color development in alkyd but would also retard the excess color development in "fFlpw Kote-".;sind the color difference be tween alkyd and "Flow Ko'ten could in this way be minimised. On the basis, of this theory, a number of grinds' were made in order to determine the best RC-601/1500 ratio, The ratio 55/455 resulted in considerably improved color match between alkyd and 'Flow Koto * Using this new -527 base containing RC-60.1 a few most troublesome intermixes with other pigments were made. Xn mostcases .an improved color match was obtained* In extended -527 colorants fcia alkyd/POO vehicle around the blue pigment particles was not able to provide better color development unless the ex tender base also was ground in the combined vehicle of a.lkys and DCO* The above described vehicle combination could probably also be successfully used In eonjunctio'i with other pigments whose color development in slkyds leaves room for Improvement. Blending RC-6OI In Universal bases would unfortunately increase the vis cosity but would probably be slightly advantageous in respect of dry. Besides Incorporation of RG-601 in universal W-52? base, re placement of Triton X-100 with other leas hydrophilllo wetting agents was tried. However, this approach did not lead to any improvement. 7. EXPOSURES T.o determine how the Universal bases will compare with Custom Color colorants when used for tinting exterior Trade Sales Products, an exposure series was prepared (Mo. 15095) by tinting 301-888 Two Purpose Outside 'White, 601-9.10 Cement and -Stucco and 387-301 Vinyl Masonry Paint. These same exterior p>x>ducts were doped with plain' Universal vehicle to determine whether it will adversely effect mildew resistance '(HO* 15094)-. The first exposure information available within end of September, 195$** wA DUP030003746 1 6- 8. STORAGE STABILITY - The Universal colorants were subjected to oven aging for <letermination of their stability characteristics, After 3 Mos.- oven aging at IgO^F it could be established that the general condition of the bases was good* oil separation and settling being less prominent than in Custom Color System.. The -527 and -300 bases have., however, a tendency to skin readily* hut we are in clined to believe that skinning will not occur' when the colorants are packaged.in tubes. Further work to incorporate an effective anti-skinning agent is in progress, however. The picture of color development after aging was less encouraging. In this respect the organic pigments were satisfactory, however., the inorganic colorants had lost some of their ability to develop color in FVAc-Seales? Coates?. One of the'inorganic bases, the -622 Moly bdate Orange, ground with DC0 * 10$ Tween $1 (instead of 5$ Triton X-100) was satisfactorily dispersible after aging even in Sealer Coats?, This fact gives rise to the belief that higher level of wetting agent, and the use of Tween 8l could provide better stability for all Inorganics* In this aspect a new series of inorganic bases at 10$ wetting agent level was prepared and repeated oven aging of these commenced.. Besides stability of oven aged colorants the stability of tinted .material was checked. One month old room samples of all 70 color families were brushed out and panels were compared to the initial coatings. The most conspicuous color changes notices were those tints Including -300 BOSS-red. The pattern was uniform showing excessive color development of this pigment In '"'Flow Kate-". The same condition although very slightly less prominent was observed in the present Custom Color System. Also W-527 in "Flow Rote" seemed to become darker on aging. The other color changes In "Flow Kobe'1 were of minor significance. The tinted alkyd paint in light tones -were stable, but the deep tones in .many cases showed a- perceptible inclination for getting lighter. This latter change is slight, however- and is probably not commer cially significant. The most attention with respect to color drift' has'to be paid to W-300, The speed of this darkening was tested and it could be stated that the first perceptsble change took place six hours after the red tinting base -had been dispersed into `'Flow Rote". Within 24 hours the change bad become ob jectionable and was getting worse from day to day, Xt was tried by lowering the amount of wetting agent to avoid the excessive emulsification of the BQJi-red but this approach failed. It might be worth mentioning that the color change of BOW-red in WAcSealer Coates? is considerably slower and leas prominent than .in' ``Flow Rote", This might be caused by lower emulsifying ability of the Beeler Coater or also by leas sensitivity of B08~red to acidic conditions in this product ('"Flew Rote" pH-9, -Sealer Comter pH 5.) This color drift after tinting with -300 in "Flow Robe" is -considered .sufficiently great to fear the m<$ of these tints in the system. A DUP030003747 -7 - 9, mi OF TIMTBD MATERIAL When Custom Color deep tone gloss 63$~776 s tinted with Universal colorants at 28/4 level (deepest step) a very detrimental effect on dry was noticed* In this respect the BOM-red caused by far the slowest dry, This is also true in our present system. To determine which a?, 'ersal vehicle component is most responsible for retarding dry* the Ikyd white was doped with DCO and wetting aging at levels corres nding to the deepest tint. This test indicated that the predomii -at retarding effect was contributed by the SCO. Many ways for improving the di?y have been considered and tested. The most natural approach was incorporation of a drier into the base. Spot tests fell in favor of lead haphthenate but because additional thinner was undesirable this drier as'IOC# solid had to be dissolved in the colorant. .Dis solving well In DCO and improving the dry considerably, lead naphthenate seemed to be a suitable .solution for the dry problem. However, incorporation of Pb-drier la the organic colorant re sulted in interference of the compatibility with emulsions... The incorporation of a small amount of Chinawood Oil (10$ on the oil) is also being considered, and pyel.iainfipy results are encouraging. To definitely establish the situation.* Gustos Color tints and Universal tints with and without lead dpip*r mm tested side by side for dry at varied tinting levels. Results' are illustrated in the table be.lows 'h Pigment Pigment Untinteci W-679 W-895 -303 -630 -622 -300 W-7S5 -52? -205 TACK FREE $XWS IH HOURS . OF TUBS CUSTOM COLOR flLQSS DEEP TOMBS BIGHT TOMBS B 8 16 20 16 20 16 20 7 20 7 16 20 22 7 20 1.6 16 8 20 89 89 7 10 If -9 -7 -8 - 10 12 12 .11 13 13 13 n 8 1.2 28/2 SJL A B 5 8 8 8 8 i 88 68 5 8 78 16 .16 ST standard whit< A =~ Custom Color B < Universal 0 ts Universal * Fb-naphthena DUP030003' -8 ~ Comments; In 28/4 deep tints both Custom Color- ana Universal fclntSare considiKsSTy SIoieF in ary than the untintea white, the universale being much worse than the Custom Colors,, The Pfe~ naphthenate addition to the Universal bases seemed to have re markable effect on dry (amount of added Pb-naphthenate 1/3% by weight of tinted material). Is 28/2 deep ton the Custom Color is only slightly better than Uhi'7irsari7'`^~WOT"" In 28/2 Light tone the two tinting systems are about equal. Surprising li'tBF'failie'st dry of W-300 tints. In deeper tint this pigment had an extremely retarding effect on dry. BGN-red is a manganese salt, the structure resembling Mn-naphthenate. This pigment might in light tints act as a drier but when added in large amounts in deep tones it inhibits the dry. It seem likely that a dry Improvement for universal bases could -be obtained by using less Pb-naphthenat| than in the above tests. As mentioned previously the .Pfe-additlon impairs the compatibility of. the organic bases with the emulsions. In this respect the'W-7&5 (mon&sbr&l green) is worst. Tests were conducted to determine how much Pb-drler this base will tolerate without losing its compatibility. The answer was discouraging even 1% Pb-naphthenate (on the eoleras.it) caused noticeable In compatibility. At this point it would appear that the dry problem might be most favorably solved by incorporation of additional drier to the airdrying tinting whites provided that this would not cause skinning' In 7/8 filled cans. It has also to be taken into consideration that further drier addition in the present white bass could lead to serious film brittleness. Qn the other tend the small amount of non-drying wetting agent that will be incorporated in the white base in conjunction with the universal colorant might plasticine the film, -preventing brittleness caused by excess drier . The dry problem was discussed with Mr. L. Hubbueh who was inclined t believe that the favorable effect of pb-naph- thenate might be a result of "soaping'* the film rather than a catalytic dry action. This thought is confirmed by the,fact that the universal + Pb tints reached the "set-to-touch" stage faster than the .Custom Color tints although the latter overtook the taek-fre state In lesser time. I5r. Hubbuch suggested testing other soaps. Solid sine aaptethenats has been ordered from supplier , ,and will be tried as. soon as it is received. 1QTEBQ0K; 5328 5979 5980 SALKS DWELOPMEIfl HBHs mta 3/16 DUP030003749