Document K6D0zyZ46kgaGQnN6j4MXERrN

FILE NAME: Insurance Industry (INS) DATE: 1934 June 21 DOC#: INS032 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Article from The National Underwriter - Occupational Diseases - Kind and How Acquired CASUALTY AND SURETY SECTION Page thirty-seven iter Occupational Diseases New York Gives proval -- Kind and How Acquired Rating Approval New Formula for Compensation i i a Make Attorney Charles C. Kirk, 111 West | foundries, and the various uses of sand Is Praised by Leon S. Senior, Permit Monroe street, Chicago, who is con oAr dsitsoenaese inof athemalunnugfasctsuorinagcqupirroecde, ssis. Bureau Manager :t tributing a series of articles on occupa tional diseases to Tim National U nder termed silicosis; coal dust or coal min writer and who has made a wide study ers disease, as anthrocosis; metallic of the' subject, both from a legal and dusts, particularly oxide of iron, suler- REMOVES CONTROVERSIES ODIFIED medical standpoint, continues his ob osis; chaliocosis is due to the mhala servations in this issue, showing the tion of particles of silex alumina. The subjoined industries that have kind of occupational diseases and tell ing how they are acquired in certain in to do with metallic, organic or inor Will Automatically Adjust Premium to Rescind dustries. He says: ganic dusts, toxic dust fluids and metals, noxious gases, fumes and smoke are Level to Loss Costs, Whether riting the Many Industries Have some of the principal classifications Up or Down : ract Occupational Hazards from which occupational diseases arise, yet these classifications, as far as the In the preceding articles, attention type of disease is concerned, overlap The New York department has ap rocession of was called to the fact that there are in that the toxic dust may, at the same proved a new compensation rate scale ie definition, 300 or more types of industries, which unless proper 'health safeguards are in time, be organic, inorganic, or metallic, and produce a lung or heart disease effective July 1, which amounts to a of the com- stalled, may subject the employe to an and a blood condition simultaneously. general increase of 10.3 percent. This Insurance occupational disease. Therefore the classification should not action caused much gratification among tate has re An attempt will be made to classify be thought inclusive or exclusive of all company executives, because the pro definition of some of the industries tjiat give rise to industries from which an occupational gram submitted to the New York de ; and trans certain types of diseases. In doing so, however, in this and other articles, it disease may arise: partment embodied practically all fea h prohibited will be well to bear in mind that many I n o r g a n ic D u n ta i tures of the compensation program, substantially industries will be cited, and the type . A sbestos Industry,-- "M arble and Stone Industries. which was recently presented at the nal property or kind of diseases named as likely to F o u n d ry In d u stry . meeting of the executive committee of l to as the be contracted therein. Other diseases, not herein specifically named, may B rick M anufacturers. Cement W orkers. ' the National Convention of Insurance e. overlap and simultaneously be present, P o tte ry In d u stry . Commissioners in Chicago. However, modified the being also occupational, and are brought G lass In d u stry . there is no provision in the filing tor iting of this about through the destructive element Cut Glass Industry. F lint W orkers. I showing the rate increase as a sur charge on the compensation policy. milar action, of the first disease affecting the lungs heavy blow and heart. Gypsum Industry. Linoleum M akers. The proposal to freeze commissions uniform def Mica In d u stry . and company expense, other than taxes uraging par- Occupational Disease Causes P hosphate M ill W orkers. ' and claim expense, at the 1933 level was lanies which Arising Frpm Industries Q uarry W orkers. presented to commissioners in Chicago, affiliates. In Dust arising in certain industries may Sand B lasters. Sand M achine O perators. as a recommendation of companies and agents. The filings in New York con lies are not be irritant or non-irritant, poisonous or business but non-poisonous. If poisonous, then other Slate Industry. tain, the usual 40 percent expense loading assured sur- body organs will in time become af T ile M akers. policies in O rganic O ust! factor. It is pointed out, however, that the companies and agents could agree nsive policy, fected besides the lungs or heart; and likewise, a blood affected condition may Textile Industry. F elt H at Industry. upon a commission arrangement pri lary risk as also be simultaneously present. Broom and B rush M anufacturers. vately, however. A general classification of occupa C igar, C ig a re tte s a n d T obacco M frs. D e flc ie n c y 1 C ited tional diseases may be had by ascertain C otton Mill W orkers. Tannery and F ur Industry. Superintendent Van Schaick, in an i R B IIN C ing the causes of such diseases arising Saw M ill W o rk ers. nouncing approval of the rate increase, une 20.-- A ll from those industries which have to W ool W o rk e rs. stated that the sums available out ot nsact marine do with the following: Glue Industry. New York state premiums in 1933,, lor iter June 18, f floater, ac 1. Metallic D usts. 2. Organic Dusts. G rain E levator W orkers. H em p and Ju te Mill W orkers. payment of benefits were deficient to the extent of more than $4,000,000. During hy Commis 3. Inorganic Dusts. K n ittin g Mill W orkers. M atch F actory W orkers. the nine years from 1925-1933 inclusive, 4. Vegetable F ibre Dusts. M attress Industry. the proportion of earned premiums avail 5. Animal and Mixed Dusts. Starch M anufacturers. , able for benefits was deficient by $30, d e f i n i t i o n 6. Toxic Dusts, Fluids and Metals. Soap M anufacturers. 737,000 in sums needed to provide for in artment has 7. Noxious Gases, Fumes and Smoke. M e ta llic O u s ts ! curred losses. ,, definition of 8. Improper or insufficient ventilation. Buffing M achine O p erato rs. "The importance of adequate rates, :cthiveed Jpurnioer 1t5o. General Term Embraces Carborundum Industry. C oncentrating M ill W orkers. he stated, "for this class of insurance lies in the necessity for providing suffi written to the Diseases Due to Dust E le c tro ty p e rs. Em ery W heel Industry. cient reserves to enable companies to cies covering All dust diseases are generally med E n g ra v e rs. pay proper benefits to injured workmen han one year, ically term ed as "pneumonoconiosis," G ra p h ite W o rk ers. and their families." e 15, must be which term is taken to embrace timse J u n k In d u stry . The schedule submitted the depart uform to the diseases of the lungs due to inhalation L ead In d u stry . . ment by the Compensation Insurance text anniver- of dusts of the various dust creating ' L ithographers. Pneum atic Tool W orkers. Rating Board covered the classified ex nt. Continu- occupations. *1he medical fraternity M etal P o lish er^. perience for five policy years keyed to led prior to again divides pneumonoconiosis accord the level of the latest policy year and vritten to the ing to types of dusts, silica mines, stone Toxic Dusts, Fluids and Metals developed to an ultimate basis, lh e loss their attach cutting, stone crushing and sand pits, Have Effect on the Workers ratio was more than 10 points in ex : conform to The hereinafter named industries may cess of the allowable ratio of 60 per Insurance Commissioners, will apply in create a poisonous absorption or in halation and affect the blood. This con cent. In 1933 the countrywide expense ratio was 47 percent as compared with S S IP I'I ie 20.--Coin- Mississippi. Mr. Riley as well as com panies and agents interested believe that dition necessarily involves the heart, kidneys, liver and lungs. Other dis a loss ratio of 72 percent. Had the rates in force been upon a 60 percent iced that the g of marine the enforcement of this rule will stop rate cutting, resorted to under the sub eases, which are neither heart, kidney nor liver, manifest themselves as an loss basis the expense element for the past year would not have been dispro nee promul- terfuge of w riting commercial are risks onvention of under inland marine covers. (CO NTINUED ON PA G E 43) portionate. The compensation pro- THE NATIONAL UNDERWRITER CASUALTY 43 oblem E 29) estimated group of is imposccomplish the entire f medical he entire azard e can be >f course, in underrncies reent. The ce is evis and ac he prelals when f a group ' sickness olve two 'irst, the le period rence of services Dr much ie during Dod reas e, up to :d to go medical -cness. I hat condeveloprance as ast with >ther in however, ive been her than :e of illcosts of group of people--the tax payers--bears the cost of medical service for another group or for the general population." Occupational Diseases-- Kind and How Acquired (CONTINU ED FR O M PA G E 37) external condition rather than internal, and are generally termed dermatitis, being those classes of skin diseases Toxic DiuU, Fluids and Metals i C elluloid Industry. D ye M frs. an d Using: In d u stry . V arnish M akers. Soap M akers. P atent L eather Industry. E lectrotyping. T anning Industry. Glue M anufacturing Industry. Y east M anufacturers. P aint Industry. L aundry Industry. F ertilizing Plants. Lead Industry. Phosphate M anufacturers. P ow der M ixing. G alvanizing M etals. Shellac M akers. F urn itu re Polish M anufacturers. W all Paper Industry. Insecticide M anufacturers. Chemical Industry. Rubber Industry. . E nam eling Industry. D isinfectant M anufacturers. Calico P rin tin g In d u stry . Petroleum Industry. B akelite Industry. The dermatitis, like all occupational diseases, is of slow growth and is due to the constant and continuous contact with such alkali dusts or irritant fluids. These diseases evidence themselves as boils, abscesses and skin eruptions of various kinds, and w hile curable and more or less temporary are neverthe less occupational diseases. Where, however, a cut or broken surface of the skin first is had, and by reason of constant contact with the dust or fluid there arises a skin trouble about such cut or broken surface, or boils, which ultimately become open, running sores, we then have an accidental in jury and not an occupational disease. The principles enunciated in a prev ious article relative to the time, place and cause in the distinction between an "accidental injury" and an occupational disease is applied here. The history of employment, the man ner of contact with the certain types of dust or fluid, also its nature, are the more determining factors of a possible occupational disease than the subject afflicted. The cause being first ascer tained industrially and medically, the condition of the employee will then be explained. Dust diseases of all kinds, as well as many of the poisonous cases, have a very definite and similar indus trial inception. In all the diseases mentioned, there is, of course, the initial inception and cause which must be continuous and constant, with the element of time as a definite factor. Rarely are these types of diseases definitely acquired in less tim e th a n tw o or th re e years. A factory condition may be so notorious in the failure of application of safe guards, and the dusts, fluids or gases so prevalent, and the employee and em ployer so careless of the conditions, that the time mentioned may therefore be shortened to a much less time than two or three years. I have found no serious case contracted in less time than two or three years. The dusts, gases or fluids must arise through some process or manufacture where the workman is constantly and continuously compelled to breathe such dusts or gases, or be subject to body absorption of the injurious or poison ous fluid. Resumes Dividends After a cessation of dividend pay ments for three years, the American Surety declared a dividend of 50 cents per share, payable July 2. T h e vacationing motorist carrying adequate Automobile and Residence Burglary, Robbery, Theft and Larceny Insurance is assured absolute protection from financial loss and complete peace of mind on his holiday, as well as at all other times. etail the yers for ital care smaller nmercial oups of : volunmulated ider the ation of to the ndorsed aciation, ' in op offering :als and :ss than )St part, f to $13 t up by lospital accept1.) The welfare ital or e beneal care uarially of eco;y; (4.) of the e mini be di p budlg hoschoice ethical >e used public; a non e meddiclne/ people 1 servch one In the past five years stock companies have paid over $19,000,000 on Residence Burglary claims and over $747,000,000 on Automobile Lia bility and Property Damage claims. This service to the public evidences the sound judgment of in surance agents and brokers in placing their cli ents' insurance with stock companies. We solicit an opportunity to serve. American Surety Company of N ew York (Organized 1884) New York Casualty Company (Organized 1890) FIDELITY AND SURETY BONDS CASUALTY INSURANCE