Document K65ayQeJDK3J8KKyQoXXjEXD2

FILE NAME: National Safety Council (NSC) DATE: 1951 DOC#: NSC073 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Transactions of the NSC -1951 Vols 1-34 Castleman File: National Safety Council w/c = with cover letter or memo If DATE = 0, undated CD-ROM Document#:NSC 73 DATE i% '[ __ exhibit# f e & . n l __ exhibit index from # _________ to # __________ __ published article from peer reviewed journal __ published__ article from trade journal __ published__ article from NSC _ _ Transactions of the NSC (entire issue) __ published conference proceedings __ unpublished presentation from conference __ unpublished internal report __ newspaper article __ letter __ memorandum __ industry warning labels O R __ sales literature __ industry recommended practices __ meeting agenda __ minutes ___ attendee list __ legal depo O R __ legal testimony of: ____________ other: T r o e 'P l c L U .tfr/. P-, IMS; 1951 N atio n al S afe ty Congress (In d e x to Transactions o f all Sessions Officers, Trustees, andBoard of Direclors.............................. 5 Annual Council Meeting Minutes ....................................................................... Ii Sportsmanship in Safety ........................................................ 13 Address by Millard Caldw ell................................................. I 7 Six Steps Ahead ..................................................................... 20 Banquet Address by Robert Young 27 Safety Exposition Exhibitors ...................................................... 3 1 Index ............................. Volume 1 Transactions 39th National Safety A / Congress 37 U3 `Jc NATIONAL SAFETY COUN' ' 4 2 5 N o . M ic h ig a n ^ A v e n u e C h / c o .,^ I f , III. U U U 3 ) National Safety Council OFFICERS C h a i r m a n , H o a r d o f D i r e c t o r s : C iia iu .e s R . C o x . I 'resident, k n im -r o H Copper Corp., New Y o rk , N . Y . P r e s i d e n t : N il H . D i .a iu io u n , President, N a tio n a l S a fe ty C o u n c il, Cliicapo, III. V i c e - P r e s i d e n t f o r V a n n s : G u y L . N o iiLF., M a n a g in g D ire cto r, N a tional Co m m ittee on R o y s a n il G ir ls C lu b W o r k , C h ica g o , 11!. Vice-P resident f o r f in a n c e , and 7V < -fm u rr: O . G kkssf.n s, Financial Y ic e -l'icsident. lYab o dy Coal Company, Chicago, III. I' ic c -P r e si d c n t f o r H o m e s : T v n . u S . Ronr.us, A ssistan t to ik e F.n c c u tivo V ic e -P re sid e n t, O w e n s-C o m in g lib e rg fa s Corp., Toledo. O h io . / 'ice- / *resident f o r i >nht\lry : I. F. TearNru, V h r-P iesid m l and I*#duetiuii Manage*. The Fiie>l**ne Tin- Rubber C., Akmu, l*hio. I ' icc-Prcsidcut f o r F.oeal S a f e l y O rg a n iza tio n s: R ohcut R , S n o o m ass, J Y c s id e n l, A l l a s A u to Finanee C*o.f A tla n ta , G a. V i c e - P r e s i d e n t f o r M e m b e r s h i p : L . R . Io u l w a k i-:, V ic c -P v c s h h n i, Km ploycc & R iant Com m unity Relations, General F.Iectiic Co., New Y o rk, N . Y . J 'ic r -/V r -o V e n f f o r P u b l ic l n f o r m a t i o n : I '.uvn I .i:\vp;, 1executive lulilor, N leA -A nttc, New Yuk, N. Y. f 'i e e - P r e sid e n i f o r S c h o o l s a n d C o l l e g e s : D u. I I hko i.ii C . I H i n t . ( 'U e ia l Su perin ten dent o f School-:, t .Im ago, III. f-ric e - P r e si d e n t f o r T ra ff ic a n d T r a n s p o r t a t i o n : T h o m a s I I . M a c D o .v a l o , C o m m issio n e r o f P u b lic R oads, R u rca u o f P u b lic R oads, Department of C.nm m cue, W axhiugUm , I). C. F u r P n w iile n l f o r l l 'mm-M'.v . h 7 i.-i/ie w Safely Cliainnau, General Federation eiicMei, iuiS. M i;s. G i'niaa: \Y . !.vi.*o.\. of W om en's Clubs, Wiu- S e c r e t a r y : R . I... Co u n t y , G en e ra! Seetetary, N atio n a l S a f e ly C o u n c il. Chicago, HI. A s s i s t a n t T r e a s u r e r s : IV )V M cCuJ.i.oC Jt, P irs id v u t, Me Inc., C h ic a g o , 111. ; I I . 11. G iu .k n w a i.u, D ire cto r, A sion, N a tio n a l S o le ly C o u n c il, C h ica g o , JH, i of Safety. pint; D iv i ) National Safety Council TRUSTEES Chairman o f the Truster s: Lee W arden Jam es, Attorney, OKI Brookvillc, Long Iskmd, N ew York. (N o te : Mr. James succeeded W illiam A. Irvin as Chairman of the Trustees upon llic latter's death Jan uary 2, 1952.) Vice-Chairman of the Trustees: Jo h n S t il w e l l , Yonkers, N ew York. Secretary of the Trustees: N ed H . D earbo rn , President, National Safety Council, Chicago, Ilk Members W in t h r o p YV. A l d r ic h , Chairman, Hoard o f Directors, The Chase National Bank, New York, N. Y. M e l v in If. B a k e r , President, National Gypsum Company, N. Y. L a w r e n c e D. B ell, President, Bell A ircraft Corporation, N. Y. BulTalo, Buffalo, Ja m e s B. B l a c k , President, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, San Francisco. Calif. S. Bauer. B l a c k , President, Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Boston, Mass. Mo r g a n Ik B r a in a r d , President, Aetna L ife Insurance Company, Hartford, Conn. i Ca s o n J. C a l l a w a y , Blue Spring Farms, Hamilton, Ga. Jo h n VV. C a k e e n t e k , President, T exas Power and Light Company, Dallas, Texas. W il l ia m G. C h a n d l e r , President, Scripps-Howard Supply Company. New York, N. Y. Kenneth Ik Colman, Seattle, W ash. C h a r l e s R. Cox, President, Kcnnccott Copper Corporation, N ew York, N. Y. (Ex-Officio.) Cixo F. C r a ig , President, American Telephone & Telegraph Company, N ew York, N. Y. F r e d e r ic k C. C r a w fo r d , President, Thom pson Products, Inc., C leve land. O h io . W a l t e r J. C u m m in g s , Chairman, Board of Directors, Continental Illinois National Bank and Trust Company, Chicago, III. Neu II. D ea r b o r n , Picsidcnt, National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. (Ex-O H icio.) c h a r d R . D e u i r e e , Chairman, Board o f Divectors, Procter and Gamble Company, Cincinnati, Ohio. National Safety Council I3i:n l AM IN I*'. I*.\ tuf.KSS, I V t s ii k n l, { nited S ta le s S ir e ! l m p m a lin n . ritls ln u jilt, R;i. i Iua Nets J. G a v in , I luiim um . R oani of l lHelnr<, (n u t N m llu 'in R ailw ay Com pany, S i. R ani, M inn. W ii.i .i a M G k k k n , R te sh lcn t, A in t 'iim r i Ic d e r a lm ii of Lalto r, W n s liIngton, I). C . \i . R o la n d I I a u k im a n , Brow n R rn ilirrs H a m m a ii ;un! Companw New York, N. Y. L e k W arkicn J a m e s , O K I B u .u k v lie . Lon*,' Isla n d , N . Y . (k(hm;j-: l\. l.ianiriY , Rivsidrni, Kailuax I :I.i I**v<utixrs* A vi-n .i linn, Wasliinp.Um, (1. I*. H o r a c e R . L iv i;h s iig k , C lia iu n a n . R o a n i n i U iix r lo r s , I r L L lc c t n c C o m p rili}', R ln lru lc lp ln a , Rn. G u s t a v M e t z m a n , l 'lc s n le n l. Now Y o r k c 'c n ltM S v s li-m . N vw Y m U . N. Y. T j io m a s A . M oho.x n , C l ia 'n n ia n . R o a n i <*i P iiv c lm s . I'lit* S p e rr y Corporation, N ew Y o rk , N . Y . R illU l* M u r r a y , I're silie n t, C o n p rrss o f Indn>shial O i^ a n i/a lio r i-, W ashington, I). C . I'l'N jA M tN O 'S tH 'A . M citilcr. I :*i *1 i*f 1in rlcr'-. U n io n l'a il* i lr :i I Onl>/n Co rp., New Y o rk . N . Y . T iiu m a s I. J 'a u k in s o n , I ' resident, 1Y111>I:LL L if e Asvnrnnc* S u r l i l y of tlic U n ite d S in k 's, N ew Y o r k , N . Y . \ V . S. S. Roni:r.irs, C lin irm n n , R o a n i o f U iin lo i' :, 'llu* T ( s;i^ Com* j:ny, N ew Y o r k , N . Y . W h .i .i a m A . S i m v s o n , I ' n ' Mi l v Ml . W i l l i a m S i m p s o n V -iisli t i i l i o i i l 'e m pany, l.os Angeles, C a lti. I I kriikkt IL SM IT H , M cih Im i, R o an i o f Knl'her Company, New Ynk. X . Y . J o h n S t i e w k i .e , Y o n k e rs , N . Y . U inet.n^. U n ite d Slain* A t u m u t 1C Su.mOAUt, I 'u M d e n t. C'np.n R arihi* K a iJ io .id C o O m alin . N ckr. P it. J o h n 1*. *1 m o m I'Si i s , ( liu in n a n a n il I 'i i ^ i'lm t, I n in n a liu n a l N ickel Com pany of ( an:idn, l.ld .. N ew Y o rk , N . Y. IlM N T . Tie t ITE, I'ic s id c iit Y o ik , N. Y. I Y in \.... ( j, ;5n .A iin a v * S s ^ . mi X* u I I KI Ma s J . W a i Nm N. I *I < 'id l H . C o rp ., N ew Y m k , N . A'. lnliili.illon.il l!n-ili( v, Ma'liii'-: C . I'.. W i l s o n , l 'r e s i l e n i , ( m i a i .M ><i.. I ^ < i i p i h a t i<>tt, U r i n '1 M u ! . C u .Mti.r:; U r i tir. W i m a k , 1' n M d t n l. h i m an.I l om panv, I -, III. R olli IH W . W ooniU'M . ( liailitt.iM , I x<* 11f\ < ( u m ilili Ir r . I lie I n i:i ( irla ( nmpanr, A liatila, (a. ) Officers of the AUTOMOTIVE A N D MACHINE SHOP SECTION N A T I O N A L SAFETY C O U N C I L 1951-52 GVmn/ Cittiirinan-- );. 11. H U M P H R E Y S , Manager, Property Department, American Car & Foundry Company, New York, N. Y. I , , - ( CLARK W O O DW ARD, Director of Safety, A. O. Smith Corporalion. .Milwaukee, Wis. .SYorMry-- E D W A R D G. 1IO LTZM AN, Manager Safety it Medical Service, Wagner Electric Corporation, Si. Louis, Mo. / 'm'./eon ('Jidinnrm-- 1*RL!) G. Y ELTO N, Director of Safety, D ch o Retny Division, t vneral ,Mi*i(io; t oijmh ;tin>n, Anderson, Ind. f-n'/mi ,i mi/ /II cilt tills ' I 'rni n f tires ( oiiiniiihr- -l Ilain nan : C. I. ) 'L IT .R SO N , Sa fely .''lip* I\ (*.( , I'Iy tin ,inil Mm|. iu, DivEimi, < liiy d et ( \n p ., D iito ii, Mili; \V. I. W A LL S, Safetx I)\ ti*i io i, H u uonghs Adding Machine Company, Detroit, M id i.; M. F, UIAN- ' V`AUDI, Manager, Health ft Safety iJepartinent, A llis Chalmers M fg. Company, M il waukee, Wis.; W A L T E R HAAG, S afely Supervisor, Serve!, Inc., Evansville, Im l.; R. D. H A R V E Y , S afely Engineer, The Murray' Corporation of America, Detroit, Mich.; D A V ID T. M O ULD, Safety Director, General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich.; IJ, J. I'k O V O L N Y , Personnel Supervisor, Detroit Diesel Engine Division, General M olois Corporation, Wayne, M ich.; E D G A R 0 . P R A N G L, S afely Director, Bendix Products Division, Bendix Aviation Corporation, Soutli Ucml, Ind.; l.D W A R D D. R A llD E , Supervisor of S afely, W eslmghouse Air Drake Company, Air lhakc Division, W ihneidiug, Pa.; W IL L IA M S. S M IT H , Director of Safety, Ford Motor Company, Deaihom , M ich.; G E R A L D C. S ^ U IE R , Assistant Safely Engineer, Chrysler Division, Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, Mich. l-.ihntitiou mul I roiuiinf Cotnmitlci'--Chairman: II. M. IIU N PI NGd ( )N, W orks Safety Supervisor, International Harvester Company, Tractor Works, Chicago, IH.; News Letter Editor: JO H N K. K A N E , Supervisor of Safety, Tcrnstcdl Division, General Motors Curjc, Trenton. N. }.; I'. W. F lS K E , Safety Director, The Brewrr- Titchem r Corpoiaiitm, Cortland, N. Y .; (!. (*. DRAKE', Safety Director, 'Hie Oliver C oipoiatiou, South Pend, Ind.; S. B. H O P P IN G , A ssistant Manager, Safety A Claims, American Car & Foundry Company, N ew York, N. Y .; A. N . C H A P M A N , Safety Supervisor, Pratt-Whitney Aircraft Hivision, United Aircraft Corporation. East H aitford, Conn.; K. !. JACOBY, Wnks Safety Supervism , iuternaiiouai Harvester Gnmpany, Kefrigciatiun Division, Evansville, Ind.; W IL L A R D A. KERR, Assoc. Professor of Psy chology, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IH.; P A U L K RAM O S, Chief Safely Engineer, lhitlcr Manufacturing Company, Kansas City, Mo.; T. R. LE A D HEATER, Safety Director, Ford Instrument Company, Division-Sperry Corp.. Long Island Ci I. Y.; I*. B. McNAM EF.. S a fety Director, Clayton tV Lambert ManuEictming . .npnny, Louisville, K y .; W M . J. NF.lDF.R AIJE.U, Safety Diveetor, Otis 1 Irvalor Company, New or 1c, N. Y .; W. ! \ S H E R M A N , Training Director, Inter- ) ) national Hai \ ester Comianv, Tint tur Works, Chicago, 111.; D LU K C L lv. 1IDMPHR UY. Safety D irector, Cadillac Motor t a r Division, Cenerai' Motors t, or pm alion. Detroit, Mich. Health jl/mrt/onrmr Ctn n m iitie--Chairman: hK A N K A. l*A I I Im lm iiial Ilo ti, m Director, Cenerai M otors Cor Isolation, Detroit, M id i.; t.. C. JUULI'.AD. M;ai.v:i. Health ami Insurance Section, Ut A Victor I jivisiou. Ua*lio l m p. ol Xiiuth .i, t am den, N. I.; LLSTK U V. t 'KAl .1, l \ \ , Indo*.trial I1\ p.'cni I. Mniiiiniini i **mjvii\ America, i 'illrsburph, l*a.; W . C. H A /.A U D , hnlnstrial Ily^ieuM , 1 11 n- Glass Company, Toledo, O hio.; N. V. Mh.N D R U .!\S . Director. tndnAiiat Itw.ieuc Section, Medical Research Division, Stam hud U il l Vvelopnieut Com paio, I.indi o, N. J. ; li. A. IR V IN , M. IK, Medical Director', t addlac M otor Car Dcimou, Motors Corporation, Delirili, Mich.; W. \V. J ()(./., M.D., Assistant Medical D m ioi. Chrysler Corporation, Detroit, M id i.; JO H N L IS L O W , ( Ilici h.mtimi a. Dn-t t nted Division, American Air Ciller Co., Inc., hirst iV Central Avenues, Louis* Ih-, K*,: K. L. W A L S H . M.D., Assistant Medical Dhl-rlor, lutei national liar* 'in 1 . i hi caju, HI. Membership Committee-- Chairman: C. A. S N Y D L R , Supervisor, Salvi) R Sanitation, Allis Chalmers M anufacturing Company, L a l'orle, im l. ; W. K. CUCUKU, V.-.Li:tnl Chief Safely l\nj;iuecr, Stam lanl Accident Insiitanec Company, Detroit, Mich.; 1'A tll. h. HUN(h.l\, Safety Director, hrijddaiic Divivion, (ien eia l M otors t mp., Daxtoti. Ohio; JA M L S A. D O W N L Y , Jr., Director, iVrsonmd Safety, Sks Sheffield Steel & Iron Cumpany, Uiriuiiiidiaiii, A la.; I.h '.ltill G ULb.NK , Safety D iieetoi, lln Oliver Coi miai on, Charles Cily, la.; K KN'N KTH S. ItL D C L S , ;\s>nc. Safety Diiec lor, ( mi ir*i al i\ I<!<it \ < t>i jt. ii ;i| 'mtii. Dr 11.11, M 11. ; A U N ' *1 .D | S' I II I K. Sa IIx l *ii lor. Met old ( m pui ahi >n. Delr>il, M uli Staff /{rprrscntutivc--A ICI JI0 l\ S. KKLLV. National S afely tournai. Clmnc". n C em ent and (Jm u ry Industries under the slt:t<le of a convenient elm lrc<\ In any event. il should be appropriate, and lue consideration should be given to (lie 13tc of instruction which is to be given ami (he comfort of the employees. As I mentioned ; few minutes ago, some thought should certainly he given to the ptcsliun of who needs training. A certain percentage of your employees can be de pended upon to show up io work lay after lav and month after month. Perhaps this is 50 per cent and perhaps it is 9U per cent. The remaining 10 per cent or 50 per cent aie the drifters down to a warmer climate when the wind starts gelling cold. Any naming program must he flexible enough Jo include both of these groups ami to keep both f them interested. Tire job is not a simple one, but it is not impossible either. Very little that is new can he said on tire subject of (raining programs. The basic principles have existed for years, and the programs which have follow ed these prin ciples have been successful. The failures have resulted when these principles were ignore!. The safety engineer or safety di rector has available all the necessary tools and materials to solve this problem as well as nearly all the others which he may en counter. The wise safety man will avail him self of these tools which, if used prop erly, will assure him f success in his work. ) Officers of the CEMENT A N D QUARRY SECTION N A T I O N A L S A F E T Y C O U N C I L 1 9 5 1 - 5 7. General (. hainmm -\A:..\ P. W A R N F R . IK.. Warner (n m p a m , Philadelphia. I';i. Vicc-CIminium- k\. (". M. P O I.P A P I), N!:il < Gypsum Company. Pmialo. \ \ Y. S e c r e t a r y - K F . N T J A N U K K , N a tio n a l Lime A nsoi d a tio n , W a s h in g t o n , I k ( . News Letter Jiditor-- SK Y M O U R I'.. FI.K M IN G , New York Trap P u c k c mporalinn, Newburgh, N. Y. finymeerwg Committee {.htiirmim--!.. I-). (O W 'I.IN G . Louisville Cement ( m pnrallun. Speed, hid. Membership ('ommittee ('minium I. \V. JON KS, Nt-u llaxen Trap Rock Company. New Haven, Conn. Crogram Committee Chtintinni-- IfA K Y C Y F. Vi iTTM-I. The Genera/ Crushed Stone Company, Fusion, Pa. Statistics Cotnmitlcc C!mirw<tu-- KORRKST T. M OYKR, U. S. Pnreau of Mines, W ash ington, IX C yisuut A id Committee ('luiinmm-- W. G. C O F F IN S , Feligh Portland Cement Company. Allenlown, Pa. ' Members-at-lAirgr-- V. I'. A lIK A K N , National Sand tN. (ravel Association, Washington, I). ; F. W. JIAUMAW, National -Sla;; Assi ialini), \\n sh n iglou , I>. C ; |. l\. R(*Yli. National Crushed Slone Association, Washington, 11- C. ; 1 1''. I. I'.U I*F INt 'I <)N. New York Trap Rock Corporation, Newhurgh, N. Y.; t J'. N . PUS11N FFF. Univer sal Atlas Cement Company, New York, N. Y. ; R. K. C( )|*KI,ANJ.), National Con crete Masonry Association, ("Ideano, III.; /\. I. R. C U R T IS , I'oitland (.entent A ssocia tion, Chicago. 111.; F. Is. I >FI "It )F., The Kelley Island I .ime \ Transpoii Company, Clcvclaml, Ohio; *(>. M. Cnaves, The t enei al t shed Stone Company, Fashm, I'a.; C. A. G U S TA FSO N , The Callanau Road linpiovcuunt Company. South Itcthlchcm, N. Y. ; A. HFR/COG, Keystone Sand and Gravel Company', Pittsburgh, I'a.; IVAN LcGORP, Portland (m ir ili Assoeiatioii, l liirago, III.; |() I I N M A*TI IKP, I,one Star Cement Corporation, New Ym k. N. Y.; 4 I<HIAN N O R V IG , Pennsylvania Ui\n: Cement Corporation, N a/arclh. 1*:i. ; W 'A FTFR J. SC-A111 K l., Missouri Fendami Cement Company. St. Fouis, M o.; I.O Y U YFAG K K, Gypsum Association, Chi ago. III.; W. I'.. W IN G , Mai hlcheatl I.mie ( ninpam. t hirago, III. Staff Nepresenfttlive- G. ( i. G R IF Y F , National S alrly t mim go. III. Past General Chairman. ( Officers of the CHEMICAL SECTION N A T I O N A L SAFETY C O U N C I L 1951-52 Statistics ami Contest Committee-- M. A SN E L L {.Chairman), H a itfo id Accident and Indemnity Co., Hartford, Conn.; G. C. H E N D E R S O N , Carbide & Carbon ( ImnhaU Corp., Paducah, Ky. I'ertilicer hulnstry Committee--J. S. M E E D S (Chairm an), Phillips Chemical to ., Bar tlesville. Okla. ; J. E. S M IT H , Spencer Chemical Co., Pittsburgh, Kas. ; \E K N f> N S G O RNTO , Sm ith-D anglass Co., Inc.. Norfolk. Ya. ( (mimmi/ Chairman--J. R. BO LLM A N , The Procter & Gamble Co., Ivorydale, Cincin nati, Ohio. n r-t hairman in Charge of I'rogrotu--J. li. N IC H O L S , Reynolds Melis Co., Rich-. moud, Va. M-i retai y - E. I. M EYERS, Safely K: hire Prolceliou l)iv., K. I. du Poni de Nemours & Co.. Inc., Wilmington, Del. /h/iTjiirv Ciin m n /iiT -R. II. AEH ISSKK . Merck A; t o.', Rahway, N. .1.; A. E. t 01*1, Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N. Y .; R. O. K E E F E R , Alutnimim C.o. "f Aineiica. ,,I'itlslnirgh, Pa.; S. M. MacCUTCI IEON, The Do\v Chemical Co., Midland, Mich.; II. E. M IN E R , Philadelphia. Pa.; COE. R. C. S T R A T T O N . The Traveler* 1mm ? ance Companies, Hartford, Conti. Staff R efresen ta ti'c-- FLO Y D A: V A N A T T A , National S a te iv to m u il. t hicagu. Ar:ct Leiter Committee--G. L. GOKBELL (C hairm an), Monsanto Chemical Co., St. Louis, Mo.; V. R. C R O SW ELL, H ercules P ow der Co.f Inc., Wilmington, D el.; C. A. I 11 EBERT. Ethyl Cori., Baton Rouge. L x ; A N D R E W R IT T E R , Hercules Experi mental Station, Wilmington, Deh; S. E. S P E N C E , American Cyanamid Co., New York. N, Y. Ltujineetiug Commi//re-- K. G. M U T E R (C hairm an), Employers Mutuals, Milwaukee, Wis. ; P. C. LAMB, Lever Brothers Co., N ew York, N. Y .; D. O. M A S O N , Gen eral Chemical Div., Allied Chemical & D ye Corp., N ew York, N. Y. ; H. F. REINHARD, Union Carbide & Carbon Corp., N ew York, N. Y .; J. J. W H A L E N , Solvay I'ibccss Div., Allied Chemical & Dye Corp., Solvay, New York. I ulrlic Relations Conumttcc-- E. R. W A L L A C E (Chairm an), Kastman Kodak Co., Roch ester, N. Y.; R. G. W H E L L D O N , The Drackclt Co., Cincinnati, Ohi*. Haiti Sheet tout lastruetiiia Cant Committee-- R. S. MACKIK (Chairman), General Electric Co., Ncla Park, Cleveland, O hio; G. R. C U M M IN G S, Eli Lilly & Co., Indianapolis, Ind. ; 1-RANK G AIJGUSH, Sherw in-W illiam s Co., Chicago, III.; ROHEK I L. IIOUT/C. Post Safely Ollicer, Army Chemical Center, Md.; J. A. T A R D I1T , Ih.oker Electrochemical Co., Niagara Falls, N. Y. Health Committee--S. VV. G U R N E Y (Chairm an), Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Boston, Mass. ; R L. A L L IN SO N , Texas Div., The D ow Chemical Co., Freeport, T exas ; MEIk lE EISEN BUD, Dir. of Health & Safety Div., Atomic Energy Commission, Ausonia Station. New York, N. Y .; DR. L E O N A R D G R E E N B U R G , Div. of Industrial II) glene tv Safely Standards, Stale of N ew York, Dept, of Lahor, New York, N. Y. ; I. W . N APE, M. D., Union Carbide iv Carbon Corp., New York', N. Y. ; II. H. M IIR EN E, Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Membership Committee--W. W. F L A N A G A N (C hairm an), Atlas Powder Co., Wil mington, Del.; j. E. SM IT H , Spencer Chemical Co., Pitlsburg, Kas.; S. D. SAETO N^TAI I /YG'HM' C`-'p - f Amelica, ME!-'-'*, Texas. Sntrt ami l 'tsual Auls Committee--11. II. F A W C E T T (Chairman), Research Laboratory, *(iterai Electric C o, Schenectady, N. Y. ; D. W. G IB S O N , Safety Supvr., Pittsburgh 1`faie Glass Co.. ( (lumina f 'hcinieal Div., Barberton, Ohio.i i f>2 63 I' sjv ) / '11 C ool M ining Industry n post about 25 icct irom the face with the flattened discharge nozzle pointing toward lie face. When (he shotfircr has connected *hc wiring of his shots he turns the water and compressed air into the gun and regu la t e each until the dRvhargc is in the form <f a lie then goes to a safe (dace aw| fires the shots, and it has been found that he ami the rest of (lie face crew can "Mmi to the face immediately, so that not note than five minutes arc lost by waiting i'r the place to clear of smoke and fumes. About 12 pounds of powder is used per found of 8 shots. The device uses surpris- nigly little water. A test we made in the Amp; yesterday indicated only about 2 gal lons per minute. `'The device used here seems to have been developed about 20 years ago by our present Slate Mine Inspector W. J. Evans at the Carbonado Mine o f the Pacific Coast Coal Co., but was apparently not used e x tensively for a number of years. W e have been using it about two years now. '`There is a good description on page 1M of the August, 1918 issue o f Coni A g e of an identical device used by the Hudson Coal Co. of Scranton, Pennsylvania. Also, of a much larger device used by the W alsh Con struction Company in extensive rock tunnel work on the Delaware Aqueduct water sys tem for N ew York City, ns described on page 6224 of the August, and page 6230 of the September, 1940, issues o f Compressed A i r Magazinet from all o f which it would seem that you should be able to effect im provements by the use of m ist-sprays in the working faces of your Potash M ines/' Roof Drilling with Dust-Control Equipment By JAMES W EST FIELD Chief, Accident Prevention and H ealth Division, Region V III, Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Pa. Drillings for roof bolting have created a new dust problem for the coal-mining in dustry. Drilling is inherently dusty, and iiiiol of ihe lust prodmed by drilling nr marly vertical holes is much rooie dilliculi than control of that produced by drilling flat or down holes. Moreover, ihe dust produced by roof drilling differs in composition from that produced by drill ing or cutting Ihe coal face, in that it contains a significantly greater amount of lr<c silica and therefore presents a greater potcnli.d hazard oi causing the lung disease, lirosis. Roof bolting has been practiced succcss- fully in the mines o f the St. Joseph Lead in '-wUihcasicni Missoni i for over 20 v a r y but ii was not until 1917 ami 19-18 ilmt large-scale roof-boiling experiments Vere firM conducted in coal mines. Although tbe need for dust control in conjunction with roof driilin bvymmng, the u as recognized from the >pmcnt and acceptance of roof bulling progressed so rapidly during 1919 and 1950 (I**' solution of the dust problem lagged behind other engineering phases of the technique. 'ih e roof generally is bolted where the immediate roof is soft and in ninny instances where the roof bolts can he seemed fuinly into a harder or more substantial formation above. The types of strata found in drilling a roof arc coal, shale, sandstone, limestone, and all the impure and intermediate varia tions of these materials. A comprehensive study of the geologic sections of the immediate roof of mines in Region VIII of the Bureau of Mines, where roof-bolting studies arc in progress, reveals that 67.7 per cent of the footage of all the Roles drilled for roof holts is in shale, 23/1 per cent is in sandstone and sandy shale, 7.1 per cent is in coal and coaly shale, and 1.8 per cent is in limestone. Shale consists chiefly of kaolin, musco vite, and quartz, with small amounts of many other minerals. Sandstone consists principally of quartz, with a cementing material of silica, calcitc, or Itmonite. A R oof 71'lf/l Uu k!- ^/: tc (juif'fi 111 15 Ihiicstoiic consists chiclly of calcilc. will varying amounts of quartz.. Keen the coal may contnin a small percentage of quail/. Tims, quartz is pigM*nl ill significant amounts in about *M per cent of nil the r*ck drilling f*r roof (tolling. *1lie frce-silica content of a nrinnnl ma lerial (quartz is (lie must abundant form of free silica) is drlri milled most aecm ahlv hy the X -iay <|i I'l t art io n inrlhod. which is based upon the spec lit: dilTrarthe properties of crystalline substances. Tliis method re quires only a small sample, ami the small size o f industrial dusts does not nlTecl the results adversely'. Determination of free silica hy (his method tens developed in pari in the Hurcau o f Mines, where it is now used for quantitative analysis of samples of rock, rock dus|, drill endings, and air-home dusl. The frce-silica content of the roof strata of SI coal miners has hcen determined hy X-ray diffraction analysis iioiu roof lock, drill endings, and midget-impiugcr samples of air-hom e dusl collected in mines in nine ('.asteru Slates. T h e a v e r a g e fr ec -s iliea content o f SO s am ple s fr o m th e se m in es is 31 pe r re nt, and il ra n g e s fto n i s e w n In Kit pee eent. *|*1** free-sihea eoutent of the roof xliala ol 13 o f (he mine s classified as h a vin g shale roof averages 26.5 per rent and ranges from seven to 62 per cent. T he frec-siliea content of the roof stiala of eight of the mines classified a* having sandstone ioof averages 55 per re n t ami l a n g e s lio in 31 to KX pel cent. These results show that wide variation may exist in the composition of various roof strata and that the content of free silica cucoiinlcicd in drilling n shale roof may equal or exceed that found in drilling a so-called sandstone roof. Although tlic composition of n mineral source material may not he considered an exact index of the composition of ah-hornc dnM produced hy mechanical disintegration of tlie mateiial. some evidence on this sub ject is available. I hipnldished data d e veloped hy the' Ihucan <! Mines indicate that the quart/ content of air-home dost decreases as the lime of settling increases, d d iic c t com parison o f analyses available , the Health Ihanch of the Ihneau of Mines also indicates that the* frce-silica rr ' of the air-inane dust produced by drif^m^'!*'r:$crtii<vvlialt hut not sij*,iiileanU>|. frce-silica content of the m;Ux2. rial drilled. Illese results, though to limited to be loiielqsivr. give some justification for usine. lit- analysis, of the some' material in evalu aling tIn- dust ha/aid, paitienlaily siin e the i i i m . il am , s fii (he side of safetv. It may he pointed out also that Industrial ( *!' 33 *t j the Stale -f New \ <*i k, t on 111<1 ol Silica Dusl hi Knel, Drilling, bases its ileli uition ut "injurious silica-dust concentra timi" upon anaivsis ni the som er material hilled. Any dust breathed in large quantities o \er a hmg period can impair the health of a worker, and silica is recognized as definitely harmful when inhaled into the lungs. Coal lust is less harmful lint should not lie con sidcred completely harmless. The hazard of exposure to silica-homing die t is commonly gaged by the miiuher of dusl particles fonnl ill a Unit volume of air and the frce-silica content of (he tinsi. I.noils for oeenpal ional exposure expressed in siieh terms have been suggested bv evalu ation of the. results of numerous dim eni an*l rngitior ing xfinhrs. T h e lanc.m o l M in e s h a . ma.l th e l*l 1m ini' (filiali ve I miiini id.* Ii*ir- on all- v. able liinils *l air dustiness: " fu b itu m in o u s an d lig n ite m ines, (f:e a r m a n e f u l l - s h i f t eneeut r a l io n o f aim -p l l f l i f ih e -l to w h ic h a w o rk m a n n ia \ 1 rspo'.fd ` lionhl iif| f\ i ti .'U indh**ii p.u - li c b s } m > cub: lo o t o l ;o', a n d a in a M in n n t e o iie e n tia tio u fo r any sin g le o p e ra tio n s h o u ld n o t e x c e e d 3(1 m il lio n pro t id e s o f d u st pei' c u b ie fo o t o f a ir. W h e n tin- d u sl c o n ta in s s ilic a , n o t m o re than liv e m illio n p a r tic le s o f s ilic a d u s t p e r cubi: fo o t o f a ir s h o u ld be p r e s e n t in 111c a b o v e li m it in g c -n rtrru lra iin u s . ** 1 h e d u s t c o u n t m a y be m u l t i p l i e d by lln' p c ie m ta g c o f silica conrenlralion, and if (he i e su li is less than live m illio n the ui i'- l c n i ti i n l i a l i n n w i l l be c o n s i t l c i e d s:l 1*. I be a b o % r l u m i n i " c o n f e r i i i at ion s a i e b.i-a-d on m p n ii'. f i s.Unph s in \\ lii<h b e li h. M counts aie marie under a mii osfopf " ' l o m a i n t a i n th ese s l a n d a i d s a lust con- eet it ia ti uii h i g h e r th a n IX.`J on particles per orine lo ot o f a ir w o u ld . *e allowable w'lteu th e a v e r a g e shale ro o f w hill!, a nd a d u d conrcnlvation higher than T* 'ion ) 16 C ool M\nmg Industry not be allowable when the average sand'tonc roof 5 drilled. A dust conccnUatb* no higher than 5.7 million would be in some his|ancr~. I -'hie I lists the types of dulling ctpupimnt used for roof drilling, the number of mines using each type, and the number of mines using or not using a dust-control method with each type, it c;m be seen that at 71 l per cent of the mines roof is drilled "ith no dust-control equipment; contrary in the Hurcau of Mines recommendation that "a dust respirator is not to be used as a permanent substitute for dust-control measures.*' reliance is placed upon the pro tection offered by respirators. Table l. -- R o o f-D tih in a D ust-C ontrol F n c tic t, A ll C o al M in e s , KeRion V IH D iillin p Equipment T o ta l Some No N um ber Metho! M ethod 1' iM tiiiK il U p c li ti\ lo n .......... i- . lo liic rn l; iy ..................... )ly < ll.n ih c ro ta ry ................. Pneum atic percussion and e lc t lf ic rotary .............. P neum atic percussion am t h y d ra u lic ro ta ry ............ . . . 1 91 1ft 7 ; 31 3 3 5 1 J ) T o t.il. a ll types................. . . .513 Per ce nt, a ll types.......... . . . 100.0 102 2.9 211 71.1 Table i shows what dust-control methods arc used in conjunction with pneumatic per cussion, electric rotary, and hydraulic rotary drills. Note that the applications o f dust collectors outnumber the applications of waler. Table 2.-- Dust-Control M ethod and A pp lica tio n to D r illin g E quipm ent. A ll Coal M ines, Region V II I Drilling Equipment D in l to n tro l method Api'ImjUmu o water Uuu 'Hector ....... ^i*ne ................ P n e u m atic percussion E lectric rotary -- 7 S H ydraulic rotary 3 1 R T o ta ls Nmiler Per rent 19 11.3 39 I6.J 213 70.2 t ft 1 it Milt tm h id e s >0 mines using 2 type u f d r illin g equ ip m e nt. 10(1.0 Ihisi concentrations recently observed in toe mines where stopper-type pneumatic dtilU arc used without dust-control equip ment avenged 607 million particles per cubic f'*"t of air and ranged from 51 to 1,194 million particles per cubic foot. ill fix miuc< where electric lotary drill; were used uithont dust-control equipment, the dust i i>mi-duration averager! 51.1 million particles |h i cubic foot and ranged ftom 10 to 1,185 niilhnn particles per cubic fool. I he dust concculialions cited ate indica tive of the dust exposure of Hie driller but u r ic obtained under fticlt variable conditi'n< that they should not be used for direct mp:n iv.in. l or msl:mc\ \bc averages indt ale that pneumatic dulling pu*<Uvvs twice as much ihts{ as electric rolaiy drilling; Mchnlly the ratio may he higher. I hr ranges indicate that either type of lull may pioducc dust concentrations higher ha, u n c hillion panicles per cubic loot of air This amount of dust can pollute the iir to such an extent as to constitute a '-crrotis menace to the health, not only of the drillers, hut of any nersons working in the return air from lb cc where drilling is being done. I h r l produced by roof dulling must be arrested or collected at Is sonre if it if Ir be controlled adequately. 'Pins can be dime by water or a dust collector. Water can be used effectively with pneumatic per cussion or hydraulic votary drills. l)u>l collectors can he adapted to any type of drilling equipment. Introduction of waler to the bottom of the hole through the drill steel when drilling is done with pneumatic percussion drills has been accepted as standard practice in metal mines. This practice is applicable lo roof drilling and complies will* the Federal Mine S afely Code requirement:. Success ful contri! by this method depends mainly upon maintaining the How of enough water through the drill, using water continuously during the drilling period, ami piovtding positive ventilation as needed. High dust concentrations can result if too little water is used, especially when vertical liles arc drilled with a stopcr-ly|tc drill. U is advisable lo maintain adequate waler pressure so that a full flow of water can he realized. Collaring dry---that is, drilling the first few inclics of hole before opening water valve--can also cause high dust con centrations and should not be allowed. During cccnlly observed roof (hilling ) K o o j Unlltti/ mg. D u tl-C culi uou Lo . with a wet stoper .hill, lust coneculialinns average! 13.3 million particles per cubic foot o f air and doubtless would have been lower had tail all (In' holes bent ollared hy, us cnmln*nx I-*v maintaining low In-.I concentrations otherwise were twcdlciil. Wei drilling must be supplemented by ventila tion to obtain (be desired eon! ml, as IIn* water Iocs not a u est the lust om phleh. Other ennditions tiring favorable, normal ventilating enrrents should plane adequate hut will have to be directed to lire billing operation. The most irejuen( objection to wet, pneu matic percussion drilling is that 1 is a dis agreeable task. The splashing of the water and <lritl cuttings amt the wetness underfoot arc particularly objectionable to the driller when the headroom is limited, as in many coal mines. Various hydraulic rotary tit*ills have been levclopcd, and the live of water ( control the dust leporlcdlv lias been successfully applied to them. The Ihiteau ot Mines bus tiol as \-( had Mppio tuuity !* obvri' (hr results obtained. The need for a water-distribution s\slem or (lie use of maun enient pressor* tanks the adverse d i e d upon some mine vm>f ami lloor, and the liUieully of using water with electric Irills are other factors that linhl the use of water to allay drilling lusts. Results of tests c.oiulueteil with welling agents, (am, and various types <>i water sprays, all with the hope <f minimizing these factors, have been unfavorable. S atis factory equipment for piotbicing and apply ing foam has not been levebipe!; water sprays have proved indlicirnl, and lints f:n the pcrfortnancc >f welting agents has iM justified their use. The opetaling princi|le of m<>( lu*l eolbvtois is application of exhaust \ -nidation near tin- some- of the diet. Nnnieious lti*.| control systems based upon this piiueiplc have bee devised for coulmUi^ig dust pv>duced by* all l\p-s of pmamialic rock chills. S o m e o f i h c i e ha*, c 'h u e a e ! i :;! ed t h at , by proper applicalion of (bis principle, suc cessful results could be oblaimal, even under the most difficult conditions. Regardless of results, unfavorable operating fealm es n - ' Icd their complete development. ith the advent of roof drilling, the po*suaiily thal their use luae might ovcicome the *>ws ohjrrlion*- to \vc-| drilling and .. : the fac $fyU|))0y vyic. :ipplif;il.le UI. elceti i' r o t a r y llO li{g::Ug?m s t in m h d e t l t h e ir fm lh .c -ii le c c i -p im n t. *| m e e t ll i i s ncel, s c v tu a l I \ p": >f d o s i Ilr - I" i s n o w h a \ e lu -r n m a d e .u adaMe i; d lv , a m i a ltr i- ; ha \ - b n li-v e lo p c tl a m i lise! lo c a li)'. In 1^5(1, (ho Ihireau e*f Mine* iuaug.utaled a ptogram al fIn* b.\p i mi litai Mine, Ihu. it'ii. l 'a . for U-sting tliist-iil-ctuir. device'* levelopcd ntnim-rallv f*r application t mot dii))ing in eoa? mincs. `The leasons b n coiulucliug llu-sc test; weve lo assist th lesigners f tl*C e|iiipmenl by evahiating th clTcctiveiicss >f the deviccs under eontrollc! Irsi eoinliliniis and lo ciiable th iUtteau >f Mines lo ohlaiu infoi inatioii ni lUscunnalion >f lust dunng roof drilimg, and oh. mctbods of conlm lling il, tlial will be heuelit'ial ti th minili;; iudustiy. U n d e r ib is p m g r a u i, p e r b u inane: - m i e im Iih t r i l f o r S \ l i t e m i t t y p e s <l Iti <t-i n l l r c t i n g S yst em *. I \a h l esigli h a s in Indiai a 'ollreting head, ari whausl v e n t ila t i l i j * \ ^ t u. a m i i u o u k ( u i e m o \ i n e he t i i l i . t i m d l i t i I o n i l i m n d i r an par--.in-; ( h r m t g h tbe s y - lc m belo- n b . i* in g il I " die mine atnmsphcre. 'f t11- ib'-igll of (hi- hod IS IUO<t impoil.utr b v ca u <e V a l l e c i * t h luM-OoHei t i n g Ili r i r m y l i i e e t l y a m i l ir la l e s 11ut pei h u man n i | i i r l o f t h o l l t c r p a i l s o f tilt* <tli-tt .*. 1)i illiiig in h a i d roo l pu n h ie c s h m \ realily ti ansport-! p a r tic Ics. w h c r e a s hi Hi iij: in s*ft r o o f , sud a s nvciu'S abve tbe l 'il K bmg.b s-aiu, p n . d m c s lai};*, scaldilo- pai t h l e s (bai temi lo plug a In-1 11- (or miless il is l-sigii'l lo acciniiim)atc thn tr a iis p o il. T b e dlh-clois a p p ar en tly mo*-l M im -s s ln l b a v e u u i r u i i i r ibis dilli ully l\ a\oiliu g res ir ic ti oii s a n d using ili.- e lic ti >f g t a v i l v lo full alvantage m movine, ihbill 'ttliiiig* im iti tbe bob-. Il- p m \e .i > n < l*i a t i ; l i l *eal \\lti- llt- h il i str-| p.iN-.-* t b m u r . l i ili- b o r n i ai- m u l e l i t i c a i (b a u li te p m \ t s i o i i i m a >.l w l n 't v th bmtl contacts th ro-f. U n t a - v o ta b le n * n l t * eau*el hv :ui iuelleiiv' dot! md !. .............. e h\ any reasona hlc a im a m l o f esha ust \cn(ilali u b a llic i' positi-: p u l s in e N 'han^ters o r a ir i i i i c i ' t i i i ' ; c u i p i tv id:" an aleptate r a te *l e x h a itM \ -iitilatuu i f th pi \ toi^lv m ett hne*l li U n t ili ics a ie a v o id e d . Ix'tikm' aI o f th Itisi load ft ,iit pass m g tl ir o u g h th s\s|-m has beni n-> prolilem, )rug a- o m p b In d ith' i by e ) IH C o a l AJininy In dustry cp.union of the large [articles ami mchanical filtration of the fine particles or, 'uxic simply, \>y mechanical fdtralion alone, l uo collectors have been designed for rciioving the dust load by a washing action. No attempt has been made to evaluate the matures of the various collectors other than licit collecting efficiencies. It is obvious that size, weight, and portability should he jpun more consideration. It is noteworthy ihat .me of the most successful dust col- so compact that one man alone an move it about and set it up with ease. I lie results of some performance tests ha\c shown that it is possible to reduce tool-drilling dust concentrations to Jive Midlion particles per cubic foot of air with ihy-dusl collectors and that a dust collector can perform satisfactorily with either pneu matic percussion or electric rotary drills. The favorable results obtained under scere test conditions indicate that, dust pro duced by pneumatic roof drilling can be 'nlTollcd more effectively by the use of an ithcunt dry dust collector than by the ap plication of water. I be performance lests arc not to be conuned as approval tests, such as arc conluctcd by the Bureau of Mines on other vpcs of C'liiipmcul under provisions of ap propriate published schedules. Such a sched ule, establishing permissibility lests, is being ptepared and upon completion will allow die Bureau of Mines to grant formal nppiiv;d to e|uipmcnt passing the prescribed ir*K Approval-schedule procedure tests iave demonstrated the ability of dry-duslllciling eipiipmcMt to control dust in ac cordance with the tentative Bureau of Mines ccommctnlalions previously discussed. Article IX, Section lb, of tire Federal Tow Safely Code is specific in requiting de nee of water for controlling dust where oof or other rock is being drilled with (emission drills. This precludes the use of by-dust collectors, successfully or other wise. and the federal coal-mine inspector m *. mu nllnnalix r Iml lr> rim violation I the c*dc where this practice is ohsetved. I hr citation is nut capitalized, as nor- n:t!lv upuld he dottc when a serious haz ard 1) health exists, if. in the inspector's pinion, the dust c* or is doing a good mb Statements of .acts of the case arc winded in the report under the heading Inforniati' " I In* Bureau of Mines recognizes Hie situation of an oper ator thus cited and suggests that Ire appeal from the citation to the Joint Industry' S afely Committee. Acceptable dry-dust collectors have been developed, and the Bureau of Mines has proposed to tire Joint Industry Safety Com mittee a revision of Article IX, Section lb, to permit the use of dry-dus* collectors with pneumatic drills. Article XI, Section 7g, of tire code states (hat men exposed to gas, dust, fume, ami mist inhalation for short periods shall wear permissible respiratory equipment. Rock drilling, other than roof drilling, has been excepted from dust-control provisions, in many instances, under this section. A comprehensive study of the airborne dust resulting from rock drilling in coal mines has been undertaken by the Bureau of M ines; and data obtained from this survey indicate that, in some instances, rock drillers and other workmen arc being ex posed to injurious concentrations of dust. The application of dust control to roof drill ing will stimulate the application o f dust control to other rock-drilling tasks. Rock drilling without dust control cannot he jus tified if and when suitable control methods can be applied. Summary 1. In Region V IU , 353 coal mines are using roof boiling, and 63 million square feet of roof area are being supported by roof bolls. 2. The roof strata drilled for roof bolt ing contain significant amounts of free silica. The samples taken from 51 mines in Region V III show that the frcc-silica content av erages 31 per cent. 3. Roof drilling without provisions for dust control results in a serious health haz ard, as drillers and other workmen in the return air from the place where drilling is being done arc exposed to dangerously high concentrations of silica-hearing dusts. I. Dust-control methods are nut Used in conjunction with roof dtilling at 71 per cent of all the mines in Region VMM where roof boiling is being practiced. 5. W et pneumatic roof drilling, if prop erly conducted, results in favorable dust concentrations, but it can afTcct the mine roof and floor adversely, is a disagreeable ) R o o f U/illifii; rci/h / l-Coitlu>l l 1* Cask (particularly in low coal), ami ic<|ttircs a water-distribution system or use of pressure tanks. 6. The development o i dust collectors has been stimulated by the need for over coming the objectionable features that ac company wet pneumatic roof drilling and by the fact that they can he adapted to electric rotary dulls. 7. Min* Ihireau of Mines inaugurated a program (tn testing the clUvicney of dustcollect mg devices developed commercially for application to roof drilling in coal iitines, and the test work proved that the principles applied in these dust collectors arc adequate. 8. In inspecting mines the federal in spector is forced to cite a violation of the Federal Mine S a fely ("ode when m uf drill ing is done with a pneumatic drill, even if a dry-dust collector is used successfully; as a result the Durcau of Mines lias asked the Joint Industry Safety Committee to re vise the cotie to permit use of dry-do-t col lectors itt connection with roof drilling. 9. Control of tire lust produced hv roof drilling is diflienil but must be accomplished. The clfoit being expended toward proper application of wet methods ami newly de veloped supplementary devices should re sult in a high degree of success. 10 Kork hilling, m|Imt (ban imil dull ing lias been except ed from dust-control provision*; in many iie.(antes by the hcdctal Mine Salctv t otic. 1his exception has it* suited in 'rock drillers anti other workmen being exposed to injurious concentrations of dust. Iievclupmeut ami application of tins! control It* roof thallmg wall stimulate appieah'on o r <||iv| eoiilm l !o other roek drilling tasks. Koek tliilliug without tlust control cannot he justified if and when suitable control methods can he .applied. 00 1 ) t ;l Officers of the A id s Commiltce--l 7, J. F'ORESM AN (Chairman), The Pittsburg ^ Midway Loal Si*..M ining Company, Pittsburg, K ans.; R. M. M O N T E 1T H , W eirton Coal Company, COAL M IN IN G SECTION;;'Isabella, P a.; F, J. P E T E R N E L L , Union Pacific Coal Company, Rock Springs, \Yy<i. >3fttfiroffratit Committee--J. J. FO R B E S, (C hairm an), U. S. Bureau o f Mines, Washmglun, N A T I O N A L SAFETY C O U N C I L 1951, : |;YD. C.; W . D . N O R T H O V E R , Rochester & Pittsburgh Coal Company, Imlia:, Pa.; ' M. J. A N K E N N Y , U. S. Bureau of Mines, W ashington, 1). C. (V.-m-ru/ Cliiiimmii riKl.l, Ky. limnilus--ARTHUR IIRADI1URY, Inland . Steel Company, Committee--- G EO RG E IP D E 1K E (C hairm an), M ine S afely Appliances Company, Pittsburgh, P a.; J. H . REITZ, Republic Steel Corporation, Uimmtown, Pa.; Wheel,--jftl' ' F REliD W . W IS E , North Western Mining ami Exchange Company, !)u Hois, Pa.; A ' * ' ' C--.--F--.--H---E- .R...B...E....R...T.. ', Biluminous Casually Corporation, Rock Islaml, III. Ceneral Chairman --S T A N L E Y IP M O O N EY , WmiJvv: Iron Company, Woodward, A ly ^ Publicily C o m m ittee--JVA N A. G IV E N ( l l.alimnn!), f , ,| A w . Now York. N. Y.; .Vrrrifniry-- II. I`. VVEAYE.R, U. S. Bureau of Mines,, \V;istiiiifr[on, I). C, ' o S vtV`..G. 0 . A R N O L D , I 'Wclys D oiIkc VonnnniU'n, S l'.vj; Canon Urandi, Dawson, N. M.; H^Cg EOUGE C. L IN D S A Y , Mechanization, W aslim Bton, D . C ; 1'. D. M eM UKER. i irst Ricc-Chiirman--J. V. BE RRY, Bethlehem Collieries C oloration , Johnstown, Par" Srtoml Vice-Chait wan --JOII hi M. R EID , Hudson Coal Co., Scranton, I'a. .% . American Mining Congress, Washington, IX C Representative-- G. G. G R IE V E , National Safety, Council, Uncapo. in. ,nhor Representatives--C. F. D A V IS , United Mine W orkers o f America, Washington,*, I I). C .; A U G U ST J. L IP P I, United Mine Workers o f America, District N o. 1, Miller*- Building, Scranton, Pa.; C. IP JO N E S , United Mine Workers o f America, District 2?J Berkley, W. Va. - 7 tf Mine Operators' Representatives--E. F\ LIM ERICK , Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Ccniy pariy, Fairmont, W. Va.; G. II. SA M B R O O K , II. C. Frick Coke Company, Fridt. Building, Pittsburgh, Pa.; JO H N M. R E ID , The Hudson Coal Company, Scranton, Px Coal .Ton-i,titans- - EARL R. MAIZE, National Coal Association, Washington, I). 0$ IJ. S. Bureau of Sitnes Representatives--J. J. F O R B E S, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washing* mu, D. C.; JA M E S W ESTF1F-LU, District A. U. S. Bureau of Mines, Pittsburgh, Px tUinr / nspeclors' institute o f America Representatives-- A. F IN L E Y H A R P E R , Chid Safely and Health Division, Department, of Industrial Relations of Alabama, Binning' ham, Ala.; A. IX S IS K , Department of Mines & Minerals, Slate of Kentucky, Lex-1 ington, Ky.; S T E P H E N W IL L IA M S, Division of Mines, State of Ohio, Columbus,} Obit State Stine Inspectors' Representatives--T H O M A S A L L E N , State Inspector of Mines,: Stale House, Denver, Colo.; R IC H A R D M AIZE, Slate Secretary o f Mines, Common wealth of Pennsylvania, Harrisburg, Pa.; W A L T E R E A D IE , Bureau of Mines, Spring*;] licUl, 111. J-riybirermy Cnmmrlfi'e-- R. 1). C U R R IE (Chairman), General Reinsurance Corporation,1 Tnicksville, Pa.; J. 11. F'ORGIE, Armeo Steel Corporation, Montcoal, W . V a.; M. 1L, FORESTER, Pittsburgh Consolidation Coal Company, Koppers Building, Pittsburgh,; Pa.; L. H. JO H N S O N . Peabody Coal Company, Taylorville, lib ; H. A. QUENON,-; Eastern Gas & Fuel Associates, (rant Town, W. Va. Enbriuimmiif Commifirr--C. M. D O N A H U E , Mine Safely Appliance* Company, Pitts-j burgh. Pa. 'sier Com m ittee--W. I. S C H U S T E R \illc, Ohio PoUsv'iUc, \U R Y A. LEIDICTI, ; (V R. SPIN D L E .U , Meugautown. W . Va. (Chairm an), Hatuia Coal Company, St. Clair*-1 Philadelphia anJ Reading Coal & Iron Company,A School of Mines, University of W est Virginia,?! o Co;- ) ) Officers of the Menihers-at-Large--LI.O YD A. IILA NCI IA !\ I), Director, Rescue Service I rividi Federal Civil Defense Administration, Washington, D. C.; G ER A R D O. G R IE H CONSTRUCTION SECTION Dravo Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; O T T O S. IIO L M SK O G , Employers Mutual Liabi Insurance Co., Wausau, W is.; H A R R Y J. K IRK , Associated General Contract of America, Washington, 1). C .; RAY J. REIG K LU T I1, New Haven Trap Rock t NATIONAL SAFETY CO UN CI L 1951-52 New Haven, Conn.; H. S. B E N T O N , Warren I*. Bellows Construction G up., lim isi :.V ' T exas; C. H. HIJACK, Slone ami Webster Engineering G u p ., Boston, Ma^s. ; I. DEAR DORI'*, W. L. Jidiiison Construction t o ., Hicksvillc, tildi; UOUF.KY HA BERT, l.ib rilv Mutual liKUiatii'r I i',, t'ldrago, I I I . ; R O BE R T L. J E N K IN S , <*l- Honorary Life Member--S A M U k X R. W SIIO R , N ew York, N. Y. of the t Idei of Engineers, Dcpai hm-ul ol the A im y, Washington, D. t *. ; N. O'C O N N E LL, Turner Construction Company, Boston, M ass.; II. A. R A D /.IK O General Chairman--H. W. R IC H A R D S O N , Conslriiclion Metliotls ami Equipment, Ncvr SKI, Department of Commeree, Bureau of Public Roads, Washington, D. C. ; |O l w York, N, Y, ' A. V O L P E , Volpe Construction Co., Malden, M ass.; S. D. W EBB, Dravo Co Rice Chairman--GEO RG E A. JtENISM , Associated General Contractors of America,; Milwaukee, Wis. V- Pittsburgh, Pa.; D W IG H T W INKE'LMiAN, D. W . WiuUelman t'o.. Ine.. Sviaci N. Y. V Secretary--M ISS O L IV E E. P O T T E R , Contractors and linginerrs Monthly, York, N. Y. V . Engineering Societies mid Notional Association AV/`rc.u/u/T,c .t - - ( American Associai of Slate Highway Officials) W . G. P R U E T T , Director, Alabama Slate Uigbv Department, Montgomery, A la.; (American Institute o f Architects) C H A R L E S llngineeriug Ctwnnillec-- I*. II. MACKIK (C hairm an), Maunder, Conslriiclion Division Engineering Department, I*', I. citi Pout do Nemours and Co., W ilmington, Del; JO SEPH A. DcLUCA, E. I. du Pont dc Nemours ami Company, Wilmington, Del;. JOHN D1GGES. Safely Director, Department of Subways and Superhighways, City' -jr;y. <f Chicago, Chicago, III.; V IR G IL E. ("UNCOCK, Commission of Subways aid js. H A IN E S, Tarrylovvn, N. Y.; (American Society of Civil Engineers) A L F R E D GLASSI*. I I, W. J. Barney (. 01 p.. New York, N. Y.; (Am eiiean Society Mechanical Engineers) J. I. B A N A S H , W est Los .Angeles, Calif. ; (Pow er Ci and Shovel Associatimi and Mixer M aunlaetm ers Bm eau) II. LICM TEN BE! Kochriug Company, Milwaukee, Wis. ' Superhighways, CJily of Chicago. Chicago, 111.; UAY II. H A H N , Allegheny Asphalt Staff Representative--H O W A R D II. W A R /A N, National Safely Gtumcil, Chicago, and Paving Company, Inc., Pittsburgh, Pa.; D A N IE L H A Y E S , Atomic Energy Coin- fj. mission, Washington, U. ; O, LUIM NSK , l.upinski, lue., Milwaukee, Will HARO LD K. S N E E D , DeW all, Inc., Lancaster, p :l. Membership Committee--R O BE R T !.. M O O RE (Chairman), Lumbermen's Mutuai Cm* % ualty Company, Chicago, III.,* H. II. A L E X A N D E R , I!. J. Alexander and Son, Inc, Harrisburg, P a.; C. II. P>RONSON, National Constructors Association, New York, N. Y. ; GEO RG E CO M BS, Michigan Chapter, Associated General Contractors ol f c . America, Lansing, Mich.; R O B E R T M. E V E N D E N , Safety Director, Guy F. Atkin son Company, South San Francisco, Calif.; F R E D A. H O R N S B Y , Mine Safely Ap pliances Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; CLEME-NT J. L U E PK E , 'I'. H. Mastn and Company, St. Louis, Mo.; JA M E S M. S P R O U S E , Associated Genera! C.oiitraclon id Anici ira, Washington, D. ( . :\c. 'ragratn Comttuifcr-- IEROM I*. J. W IL L IA M S (Chairman), Director of Safely, Mop rison-KnmKcu Co.. Boise, lila.; R. I. Illr.NI >ERSI IO I '1 (A ssistant Chairman), ^ ,, Associate! Gcnci al Contractors of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn.; C. M. CAHILL Mas'unan Conslruetion Co., Kansas City, Mo.; K E N N E T H I". C O U G H L IN , Kanut City Bridge Co., Kansas City. Mo.; D A L E M E D SH E R , Area Supt., National Suret ( nip., A t l a n t a , Ga. ; \V. T. ROGERS. Ehasen Services Inc., New York, N. Y Publicity LonnniUtc -- FR ED A. H O R N SB Y (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances t| Pittsburgh, Pa.; H A R O L D I. M cK EEV ER , Roads and Streets Chicago, III.; J .i.5-r GEORGE R O B IN SO N , Associated General Contractors of Missouri, Jefferson Citf. Mo.; V IN C E N T U. S M IT H , engineering News-Record, M cGraw-Hill Publishiif ' L Washington, D. C.; W IL LIA M E. W O O D R U F F , _ral Contractors of America, Washington, D. C. The Coujirwe/or, A^ Aw m, U U V e 1 > N n e tier !'it tor -IAM F.S A. SH A W , Liberty Mutual Insurance Co., Chicago, W ) ) i Officers NATI of the ELECTRICAL ONAL SAFETY C EQUIPMENT SECTION O U N C I L 1951-52 Warner Corjoraiioii, ( liRagn, III.; EA R L IE'.. UGE RIWIIIAARKTI, Ass t S a fcly Duc.Un Frigidaire Div., General Motors Corp., Dayton, O hio; M Y II R EN 1. G I ERDE. Safely Engineer, Thom as A, Edison, Inc., W est Orange, N. J.; R U S S E L L C. T I R REf.L, Div. S afcly Engineer, Sylvania Elcelric Products, Inc., Salem, Mass. L7nmmn; 'V PnMiVnlinn.T Cinm m lfiv--JIA R O I-D C. S T A N/.I -ER (Chair m an). Personne! <i(`- & Safely Director, Collyer InstilaleiJ W ire Company, Pawtucket, R. L; E D W A R D GIMMA.M, l.t. Col., U SA I', il.,. A in v ays and Air Communications Service, M A IS . Andrews AK Rase. Washington. 1). C. ; O L IV E R C. I'.OLIEAU, Mgr., Safety. Health j>. & Insurance Section, Radio (.up. of A m ciita, RCA V itim Div., Camden. N. !.; |. M ILLER, Safely Super., Aliis-Cliahnets Company, Norwood, Ohio. Trade .f.r.tnruifnmj Committee--J A MKS A. E D M O N D S (th a m iia n ), V ice-P ics., Daniel Ititit intm--CLIFTON Cambridge, Muss. N. LOCK, Silici y Engineer, Simplex W ire & Cable Company,! C ^ Woodhead Company, Chicago. III.; AEIIKK I* A. R A P P , Super, o f SaTely, Wrsthtgliouse Lleetric Corp., I.amp l)iv., Jloomlicid, N. J.; E. K. C O R N IS H , Divertor, Ucsearch K* Education, Nalional Electrical Contractors Association, Washington, I). C -; iVr-(.7i<mmu of Jindio, MetIronies Cr I.nntps Division' ) . LA W L ER , Div. Saftljg^'J7 (.1 fA R I.f'.S M aef)O NA I.f i, Employers Reinspi am c <*u/ualion, ( hreago, III. Engineer, Sylvania Licci rie Products Ine., Emporium, l 'a. : Special Representative--G. W. G REEN VV()( M), Chief of f)rfensc Coordination, Western 'uc-Chuirmtin of i ienvy Apparatus Division-- E. CLARK W O O D W A R D , Director ol Electric Company, Inc., Chicago, III. r Saiiy, A. O. Smilli Corpoialiun, Milwaukee, Wis. ^.Councilors (Last Chairmen)--- 1C K. T A Y L O R , Safety Dir., Zenith R'atlio t >n potation, i I'i<c-Chairman of Appliance and Light Apparatus Division-- F R E D E R IC T . C L A R K E & ,v- rCih;ic,-a,,g,,o,, MIIlI.; HU . 1113. DDIUJKKKKUUSS., MMlg*tr..., AAcccc.. ll ''rrcc.. SSeerrvviiccee,, WWccssllminggihuusc Electric CorpoSupvr. of Employee Relaalions, Alkyd Resin Riant, Chemical Mat. Dept., General ($3. ration, Pittsburgh, E a .; M IC H A EL l \ 131ANCARDI, Mgr. lllict a lth ^ Safety Dept., l.lerlric Company, Scbciiccllaatdly, N. Y. . j&'-'R. Allis-Chalmeis M fg. Company, Milwaukee, Wis. . feiE ' outwit, Chicago, III- 'trr-C /nuYnwu of hfcctrieal IFire mid Cable D ivijiuii--R liT K R C O N T A R D O , Safelj jf :Staff Representative--CA-.OiiCAi M acD O N A L D , National Safety t < Director, John A. Rochling's Sons Company, Trenton, N. J. t e ccrelary--J. M. T U A N S U E , Security Director, IMiilco Corporation, Philadelphia, P> vY:e.r J-etter CumiMi/re--R. V. M ILLIG A N (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Westinghousi Lleetric Corporation, Ildalo, N. Y .; E D W A R D G. H O L T Z M A N , Manager, Safttj X Medical Service, W agner Electric Corporation, St. Louis, M o .; S T U A R T K. HEECII ER, Ind. Relations StalT, Stromberg-Carlson Company, Rochester, N. Y .; HAl C SU A N A E IE L D , Managing E.dilor, Electrical Dealer Magazine, Chicag.o, HI- \fu-oreh (S' Lugntecring Committee -- M Y R O N L. M ILLE R (Chairman). Supvr. o( ,v.. To Safety, Westinghousc Electric Corporation, East Pittsburgh, P a.; H A R O L D D. ra>., LONG, Sales Engineer, Harvey llubbcll, Inc., Uiidgcport, Conn.; E. 11. CURDTSj B Asm. Dir. o Engineering, James G. Piddle Company, Philadelphia, Pa.; H. II. WHIT AKER, Sr. Asst. Elec. Eng., Underwriters Laboratories, Chicago, III. Innhcrjltip Connniltrc--JA M E S A. W A L D R O N (Chairman), Safety Engineer, Packard l.ltMinr Div., General Motors Corporation, Warren, O hio; JA M E S M. MeGOUGH, m . Sopvi. >f Safety, Union Switch & Signal Div.. of Westinghousc Air llrakc Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; C L ll'T O R D E. R A U SC II, Master M echanic-Safety Director, Ohio Lamp W'oiks of General Electric Company, Warren, Ohio; E. L HOIS, Safety Direc- $il 1* lor, Anaconda Wire & Cable Company, Sycamore, III. rc ' ; ` 'nu/ram Committee--I*. A. (A SS (Chairman), Supvr. of Safely. General Electric Com pany, Lynn, Mass.; A R T H U R J. M A T H E W S, Safely Director, Sprague Electric Company, North Adams. M ass.; GEO RG E KOCH, Safety Director, W estern Electric Company, Kearny, N. J.; H. Y O U N G , S afety Dir., Rome Cable Corporation, Romt; N. Y. ooo;; U) eeident Analysis C ittec--C. E. SC H L U E T E R (Chairman), Asst. Chief Engineer, Employers Mutuas, Wausau, W is.; MACK R. K R A N T Z, Safety Director, Stewart* 19 ) 10 Gloss and Ceramics Industry lOffieers of the ! The furnace continued to radiate to the steel structural and building walls. N o pro vision was made for air supply from the basement or within the work space. The monitor remained in its conventional form dependent entirely upon gravity for removal of heat and gases from the furnace itself. This represents the condition that existed until a few short years ago in most of our plants. With the application of the present knowl edge of radiant heat, we continued to use the circulating fans in the space surround ing the furnace. Added to that were several sources of forced air supply through the floor in the workspace. In addition fans were placed in the walls of the building to produce a positive pressure within the build ing walls. Radiant shielding was installed by dropping corrugated aluminum sheeting from the roof level to within three feet of the floor and an extended hood type struc ture completely surrounding the furnace or hot object. T o assure ourselves that posi tive flow would take place behind this shield, in some cases we have installed power type roof ventilators commonly u$ed 1 the foundry trade. The curtain or shield surrounding the fur nace served two distinct purposes. They keep the radiant energy entirely confined to a central area. The infra-red cannot escape to be absorbed by the steel of the structural parts of the building which in turn mig become a secondary radiant. Generated gases stay within the structure and do not escape into the work space. W e are sure; that the temperature on the outside o f these shields will remain within a few degrees of that of the outdoor temperature. Circulating fans remain to assure ourselves that the air will remain uniform in temperature throughout the work areas. While this installation may not be a pro found one cnginccringwise, the following will illustrate an actual installation using this principle in which very effective results. were obtained over one very hot summer.. A light steel framework was erected entirely around the hot furnace. Corrugated alumi num was attached directly to this light structure by means of a blank cartridge actuated nailing device. In this way we were able to erect the entire shield in a compara tively short time. g l a s s a n d ! NATIONAL IxI' c er a m ic s s e c tio n SAFETY C O U N C I L 1951-52 jr. General Chairman--J. C. D IT T M E R , National Lead Company, irooklyn, N. Y. i * Vice-Chairman--T H O M A S R. D O N O G lU IF ., burgh. Pa. yV '^Secretary--JIARRY A. JACK SO N, Frigidaire Ohio. Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, PittsDivision, General Motors Corp., Dayton, ?rxProgram Committer--*11. V. G A R D N E R (Chairm an), Owen*-1llinois Glass Cnnipanv, . Toledo, O hio; *JO l IN I*. S T E P H E N S O N , Ikilt Ib ollicts Company, Mumic, 1ml.; *JAM ES L. M O RRIS, 'Hie Federal Glass Company, Cnluinhiw, Ohio; *FI\K I) G. 'f A N D E R S O N , Coining Glass Works. Corning, N. Y. W e erected the shields to the roof level, allowing only very small opening's for piping, electrical services and the necessary struc tural steel work. For an idea of the entire structure surrounding one large heated area; within the enclosure is a continuous type lehr or annealing oven. Openings at both ends were necessary to allow the continuous; flow o f materials. These openings were' covered by a tilled hood type structure. Ac cess openings along the sides of this an* nealing lehr were provided with overhead garage doors c o n s t r u c t e d or corrugated aluminum. Every other bay in the roof of the building was open to the sky either through gravity type ventilators or the power type. '^Membership Committee--T H O M A S R. D O N O G H U E (C hairm an), Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company, Pittsburgh. Pa.; R U S S E L L W ., F R A N K , Ferro Enamel Corp., l Cleveland, Ohio.; JJERNAKD P. C A M P PE L L , O wens-Com ing Eibrrglas Corp., S: Newark, Ohio; LEE if. H A W T H O R N E . JR., A. P. Green Eire Prick Co, Mexico. `SJ.' Mo*; E. C. H A R TU N G , W estinghouse Electric Co'p., Derry, Pa. Letter Committee'--*JA M E S L. M O R R IS (Chairm an), The Federal (Hass Com- pany, Columbus, Ohio; JO H N If. F U L L E N , Kopp Glass Incorporated, Swissvale, Pa.; 'S} CLIN IO N IJALLLNGLR. Owens-Illinois Glass Company, Gas City, Ind. ; R. E. .s IlORM HERG, The. Cambridge Tile M fg. Co., Cincinnati, Ohio. :` _ ' ^Engineering and Health Committee-- N E L S O N P. IN G A L L S (Chairm an), 'The Norton Company, Worcester, M ass.; F R E D E R IC K S. KKIGER, Corning Glass Works, Corning, N. Y .; W. G. H A Z A R D , O wens-Illinois Glass t onipaiiv, Toledo, Ohio; H. W A U G H , Anchor Hocking Glass Corp., Lancaster, Ohio. Pi j^jSo/fiy Promotion ['ommittee -W A L T E R W. W O O D (Chao man ), Kimble Glas*; Coin pany, Vineland, N. A. L. T H O M A S , Libbey, Owens, bold, ShrcYcpn.it, La.; tC . PAUL E. G ARRE 1 T, Harding (lass Company, Ft. Smith, A rk.; I. 11, G A T T E E U ., E lfluc Ridge Glass Corp., Kingsport, Tenu. :L~ i.. Safety Contest Committee-- H A R R Y A. JA C K S O N (Chai man), Ei igblaiic I>ivision, General Motors Corp., Dayton, O hio; K A R L \V. S T E IN K R A U S , Owens-Illinois 3-, Glass Company, Alton, 111.; R. H. LO W R Y , W estinghouse Electric Corp., Derry, Pa.; J* R. H A R S1IM A N , Armstrong Cork Co., Dunkirk, 1ml. .Staff Representative--H A R O LD U. A L L EY , National Safety Council, Chicago, 111. ^ fPast General Chairman. vj-V ... in- oon u ) H I ) ) I I 55 Industrial H ygiene Industrial Dusts--What Every Supervisor Should Know By L. E. IIA M I.IN . M .D. M edical D ir., A m erican Hrake S h oc Com pany, C hicago, 111. Most nianufactmiug procedures arc capa ble of generating varying amounts of dust which may he visible, invisible, dangerous or inert. It is therefore important that these substances be properly classified in order to protect the health of employees and pro vide safe environments in which they may carry on their daily occupations. Obviously the supervisor should have some knowledge of industrial dusts since the responsibility for enforcing measures in stituted for their control usually falls upon his shoulders. Unless he has a good idea o f the actual risks confronting him, he will be at a disadvantage in securing cooperation from those tinder his direction. Ability to answer questions concerning plant hazards in a convincing matter is a very important factor in any dust control program, and if the supervisor cannot explain the necessity of avoiding cxpuxuic to toxic m aleiials the worker under his charge is very unlikely to pay attention to it. On the other hand, a brief explanation that carries the ring of sincerity and truth can frequently correct unnecessary m is understanding. Tor example, a capable young employee was worried about con tracting silicosis because he wo iked in a plant where at times there appeared to he considerable dust in the atmosphere, l i e did not know that this dust was free from silica or oilier hannful ingredient, but his foreman did. Knowledge of his own department enabled the supervisor to convince the workman that not only was the dusl ineif hut also plans wetc under way (or the installation of new ventilating equipment which would remove the paiticlcs that were already pres ent. The man was satisfied and the com pany was aide to jelaiti the services of a good employer. What then arc some of the fundamental things a supet visor should know about iu- dustrial d u sts? Dust is ionned hv m incing earthy m aleiials to small size. Processes like grinding, crushing, blasting, and drilling produce dust particles o f sizes from the submicroscopic to the visible. Fumes arc formed from combustion, sub limation and condensation. Those from hurtling or melting lead or zinc arc typical examples. The size o f the particles is gen erally below one micron. (A micron is 1/25,U(imh of an inch.) Smoke is usually of organic origin finm such things as burning tobacco, wood, oil or coal. The particle size is usually below a half micron. M ists or fogs arc funned by condensation of water vapor and the particle or droplet size varies widely. The must important item to the super visor is the n a li/a lio n that he may hr deal mg with a dm l which eau pu-diicc bn!il\ hattn. I Ms first eousideialion should ht "Mow is the man himself nliceled? Is the tins! present in snllieicnt amounts in the aii to he a source of danger? Does it exist ii the pure slate or is it mixed with othei dusts? W hat is the actual count of particle* per cubic foot of air, and what pciventa/: of these is of respirable size (below H microns and especially those: below line* microns? How long does it lake to dcvcloj occupational disease of the lungs from ex posurc to dust ?" AH this may appear to he outside tin scope o f the supervisor's activities sine* after all Ids joh is concerned primaiily will production. However, most industi ws pi n* the iespuiisihilily for rallying out safet measures on the foreman and it is apparen that his depat (incut will suffer if these at not properly enforced. Safety therefore m el inks 111r i a n t mix against orcopal n'i*al dr: c.iM- a-: well as art lent-: m- that ...... .. know I e dg e o f m e th o d s for * -illin g e xp o sm f l o u t d a iig c m u * lusts, 1 f m in s in o lio % Industrial S afety Im m ful materials is a proper part of the supervisor's armament. It is not advocated that Ins duties be so expanded as to encroach upon the field of the industrial hygienist but it is reasonable and logical to suggest that he equip himself with the essential details concerning occu pations! risks in the department he man ages. Ib is information can be readily obtained from his company medical de partment or through other agencies such as the Division of Public Health of state and federal governments. These bureaus wel come inquiry o f this type and their services arc usually available without charge. Much confusion and misunderstanding exists about the capacity o f various dusts an'sing from occupational procedures to cause physical disability. Exaggerated re ports and misrepresentation by individuals unfamiliar with their specific properties have incriminated certain materials known to be quite inactive and absolved others pim en to possess harmful qualities. Expe rience accumulated through years of inten sive study and research indicates that the , majority of industrial dusts have little cflcct on health other than their nuisance value and contribution toward poor housekeeping. However, the fact that they arc unlikely to cause occupational desense should not he used as an excuse to do nothing about them. A good working environment demands that they be removed in spite of their in nocuous characteristics and the smart super visor will do all he can to accomplish their elimination. The wide assortment of dusts met with in industry makes their classification into "harmful" and "inert" categories difficu'lt. Those arising from organic sources such a3 animal and vegetable products os a rule do not cause serious harm but arc capable of producing local irritation like dermatitis or skin rashes, dental conditions, and in flammation of the eyes and the mucous meinInane lining of the upper air passages. The majority of harmful dusts encountered in m.uiu/.Kfming processes rite inorganic in character. The specific effect on health varies. Chromium, cadmium, arsenic, and their compounds produce local irritation as do tlie organic dm it they can also cause general intoxicati . present in sufficient amounts. The dusts or fumes derived from the heavy metals like lead, mercury, and manganese can be highly toxic and poisoning from these substances lias been recognized for many years. Recently serious and even fatal illness has been found to occur from exposure to beryllium and some o f its compounds while another occupational condition known as "Shaver's Disease" has produced severe dam age to the lungs of workers exposed to fumes arising from the fusing of bauxite, the chief ore of aluminum, in the manufac ture of artificial abrasives. Generally speaking, the particle size which is most dangerous is in the range o f one-half to three microns in diameter. Particles larger than these seldom reach the alveoli or terminal air saces o f the lungs since they arc filtered out by the "cilia'' or natural protective mechanism of the nose, throat, and large bronchi. There is also good evi dence that particles below one-half micron in size may be retained in the lungs in suffi cient quantities to result in disease. This means that the visible dust in a working place may not be as dangerous as the par ticles which arc not seen by the naked eye. Industrial hygienists emphasize this and also point out that although the amount o f visible dust in the atmosphere in the vicinity of a certain job appears great, it docs not necessarily mean that the workman is in haling significant quantities of harmful par ticles. The exposure may be intermittent and of brief duration, or the air at the breathing lcvct of the employee may be sufficiently dear that no undue risk is in volved. W ith the exception of beryllium and bauxite few of the aforementioned dusts cause damage to lung tissue and, as e x plained previously, not every person so exposed docs develop occupational disease. A t the present time it is generally agreed that the most important sources o f indus trial disease o f the lungs arc free or uncombincd silica and asbestos. Silica or silicon dioxide which makes up approxi mately fiO per cent of the: rocks and 'minerals of the earth's crust, is the specific cause of the ailment affecting the lungs of workers in dusty trades, known as silicosis. It is very important to recognize the fact that this widely known condition cannot be acquired from any material other than ) ) / irJiti/rM i/ oooo'::^ free silica and also that it happens only when particles smaller than ten m icions in size o f this mineral liavc been inhaled over long periods o f time, such as from two to 25 years with ail average o f ten years. The term " free silica" usually means quartz of which there arc many varieties. There are also other foim s of free silica. The scarring or fibrosis of the lungs which results from the action of uncomhincd silica casts characteristic nodular shadows in the chest roentgenograms of those a f fected. Frequently (his is the only way tire disease can be delected as it causes no symptoms in the early, uncomplicated stage. Other dusts may produce x-rny patterns which are difficult to differentiate from sili cosis and some unrelated illnesses may re semble it closely. The x-ray piclitre ob served after the iulialalion of mu oxide particles among some welders and grinders shows densities which arc all too often mistaken for those seen in silicosis. Since this condition (sidcrosis) is harmless, the implications o f such misdiagnosis arc ob vious. UnfamiliarUy with industrial diseases of the lungs by those charged with evaluating them properly has resulted in employees be coming needlessly alarmed, forsaking their jobs and forfeiting seniority while industry has lo<q good wm Linen amt pindurlbm. tl hajp^(^'..puui unjust claims for diSduhlt this soit the supervise' suff${^^.&orig rcsl s " ,cc. his "dt pim w ii'tf1i'i' bound to he affected by Uj.qj' conditions. T o attempt to tell the supervisor all b should know about the extensive subject o mdnslfial dusts is an impossible assigutmn* Sutliee t to say that the inoic h* leant about (hem through his own volition, lit heller his qualifications for his job wilt U Through such enterprise he will utter a nr' field of endeavor and discover a fascinalin experience which will pay dividends hotli t himself and his company. The complexity of problems which rm front (he director of any department i today's exacting requirements presents formidable challenge to his resource;, an litis, along with the wotking man's ir.r.ot aide insistence on a better [dace to w oil demonstrates that a knowledge o f udustri: hygiene may well he a most important fame in the clhcnaU dischaigt: of his d olu s. The hest treatment o f any disease assoc :tl<'d with induslrv is imt In b 'l it happi in the first place. The pmldnu is fu rue neers rather than physicians, hut, rcgnrdle of the one on whom the burden falls, l! final outcome depends upon the mleiv*d a leHii ieurv of the m a n who manor.*'. a d pal linnil. Occupational Dermatitis; Teamwork in Engineerin' and Medical Control ]!y W M /n ;i! F. SC IIO l.'l Supvr., liulustrinl H ygien e, A llts-C lm lin crs JVHg. Co., Word Allis, W is. W e have accepted lire challenge that occu pational dermatitis presents to industrial medicine, and accordingly il can he staled that with proper caic ami intensive educa tional progiams, occupational dermatitis can be checked and great savings eficclcd. through the ui'dit'ilbm and uMmlcnam e ol conliol 1111:iv-1111 ; wot Linen can be plotccted against dm natitis puulming oils, chrmicals, d c . *1he ideal couliol m easnics will protect uni Linen ail along the line Irom the mainifacturing of the hash: m ate rials to the completed fabricated part. Modem industry foday is becoming so cognizant of the benefits of good p r .v n P i m easures that I h t y a ic not (>uly le l y m g t h e w o r k e r ah m e . imt a r e s e e k i n g t h e h aw o i l; ! e v n y o n e eomaa :vl. Since the p n.of o f the pudding N in e a t in g , I \v*>uld li k e to s ta te w h a t h a s l- d*'tie l l u . t i i ' h a c*'U i ' i i I i a l r d p i '" . r a n i iMX i i p . i l i o o . d d i M i u l i l i - . <t Tin i d a n d p u \ . l i o n u Im li si \ \ le d in ! ` J l.t at the V\ r -t . \ ' w a n k s >f (-n r c o m p a n v . `I b i s t 'U < 'M li : p n . - T a m ! ras u M d l i d in a 7 1 pel ant erea-'C a m i a i t d m In om lU.d to the niuiilica' o f eases n d li o u ni.:uh<>i of espo'-ui e 'I ) 24 /Um -iliiiif Industries Officers of the The Evolution of Safety 1 B y C A PTA IN ED W A R D C, H O L D E N , JR. V ice P res., U nited S tates P rotection & Indem nity A g en cy , Inc., N ew York, N . Y. MA N A T I O N A L SAFE T Y C O UNCIL 19 51 - t i There was a lime when, in the minds of many, the science of safety was the sub ject o f derision and mockery, a time when it stood as a sort o f fringe o f disconnected mysteries bordering upon (he black arts, a dangerous sort of tiling capable of looking with equanimity upon the evils which lay on one side o f it and with a hopeful and henign expression upon the conventionali ties of life on the other. Accidents were often considered to he acts of God and to take care was a violation o f one's trust in God. In any event, in many circles, it was not polite or politic to speak frankly about safety, o f human slaughter or the barbarities of accidents resulting in death or permanent disability, of human MiiTenug ;tiul all (be other attributes of such eases. The human icmlcncy was to "soft-pedal" talks about safely and the acci dent problem. So, the whole safety move ment was looked upon with a huge questionmark. A consistent "do-nothing" attitude prevailed in so many instances that the fre quency and severity of accidents continued to increase at an alarming rate and became an economic burden. Undaunted, a pioneering spirit prevailed in the regions of scientific safely inquiry. Although the voice of the safety advocate was all hut lost in the wilderness, neverthe less his work continued in the firm belief that the man who (lares to do something north-while will ultimately gain a following. As the fruits of accident prevention be came more and more evident, it gradually developed to a stage where it could he re garded. a( least, ns respectable; and, the main criticisms of it concerned its so-called impracticability. Some e x e c u t i v e s said : ''Safety will cost loo much." Others said: "Safely is a fandangle idea, it will not work." And still others remarked: "We don't want these safety people telling us how to run our jobs, our business, etc., etc." This was the Age of Adolescence of the science of safety. Then cthe sciei ol its wi. '* the Period o f Maturity, when f safety, feeling the strength could no longer harbor itself within the cloister, but came out into tlu open and made the afTairs of men its con cern. General Chairman-- EREDEK 1CK K. P R A T T , Gen. Mgr., Marine Traiisp. Dept.. Snrmi) Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y. The Age o f Utilitarianism in (he science o f safely w as upon us. More and more ' Executive General Chairman--C A P T . G EO RG E W A U C H O P E , Exec. V icc-IT cs. Earn! the conservation of men's lives was done Lines, New York, N. Y. by tire product o f man's intellect in the processes o f management rather than by Vice General Chairman (Shipbuilding and Ship Repairing)--JO H N G. LEW , JR., Vice resorting to the caprice o f superstition and the vagary o f the mystic charm, "Lady Luck." Pres., Sun Shipbuilding & Dry Duck Cn., Chester, l ':i. Vice General Chairmen (Atlantic A r e a ) -- W A L T E R M. W EL LS, P i t s ., Isthmian S.S. Co The science o f safely now stands ready, New York, N. Y .; 1*. M. UOIIR1CR, Vice-Prcs., Grace Line, New York, N. V a willing servant, to reduce the uncertain' ties of life to the ultimate minimum when we, her masters, direct her efforts and uti lize .(lie skill which is within her. As ) have sat from time to time i gatherings of executives win are Jnteieslol in safety, such as (his meeting of the ma i^Vice General Chairman (Gulf A r e a ) -- E. A. JIM IS O N , Yiec-Pres., Lykes Bros Strains!!} v Co., Inc., New Orleans, La. .. Vice General Chairmen (Pacific A r e a ) -- R A N D O L P H SE V IE R , Pres'.. Matson Navigalim ( o., San EraueKe.i, Calif.; A. E. K IIIN , Maiiur IVpi., Standard (ill <'v i*f Cat San Eranciscu, Cal. rine industries, 1 have been impressed with m an ever grow ing feeling o f cooperation ainlg mutual understanding looking toward the solution o f accident problems. You demon strate that no human progress can be made unless w e remain critical o f defects, alferl as to practical needs and fertile'in mind and thought for possible improvements. Tht Vice General Chairmen (Great Lakes A r ea ) --W M. R. M A C D O N A LD , Counsel, Ilutchin son & Co., Cleveland, O hio; D A V ID L. B U C H A N A N , Iml. Rcl. Mgr., Pittsburgl S.S. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. i Vice General Chairmen (Passenger ir Cargo Services)--H A R R Y X. K ELLY, Exec . Vicc-Prcs., Mississippi Shipping Co., N ew Orleans, La.; CART. IONICS K. D E V L IN JR., Gen. Mgr., United States Lines, New York. N. V. lime worn doctrine o f "laissez-faire" can no longer be accepted if business Is to survive the perils and costs of accidents. The entire marine industry owes a jk- .Vice General Chairmen (T a n k ers)-- E R W IN O. P E R K IN S , Asst. Gen. Manager, Marin* ' Dci.l., The Texas Co., N ew York. N. Y .; ( a IU !S T O IT 1F.K STO RY, V iec-I'n-; Cities Service Oil Co., New Ymk, N. Y. ^ culiar debt to you leaders within the indus l'ice General Chairman (Coastal P egnm s and International S a fe ty Convention*) try who have recognized that safety !., 1 brought increased efficiency in operations, ftYou have contributed much to the conser V1CK-ADM. ton. D. C. MERLIN O 'N E IL L , U S l G. Cnm.lt,, U S. CuaM Guanl, Washing vation of manpower which s all important l i r e (eneml ( h,iu iiian (( tuniliiititnm (toren wien t and M,uine lndo>(iy) \ | t T \ | l \ t dining these crilcal days of national emer gency. We know that you will not relax in your EDW ARD L. <. ( R. 11K A N E. U S .\: (R et.), Mainline Admimslialm'. U. S. ! Vpl Commeice, Wa*diingh*ii, I). C. safety activities. T o the contrary, we aie convinced that you will increase the tempo o f your efforts to meet new, challcngm{ conditions. The greatest challenge of all is to prevent human failure in shipyards and > in ship operations. This calls for continued E and more intensive training programs. * By your safely endeavors, you will long , he remembered with profound gralilud all who go down to the sea in ships as >' as by those who helped to build the ships, ji "i Advisory Committee (Past General (. hairmen)- LI*.IC11 R. S A N E O U P , P resident. Ship b.iildcrs Council f .America, New Ymk, N. V ; LO U IS IV P A TE, V iie-P ics., Se.t Shipping Co. (Robin la n e ). New Ym k. N. V ; COM. RO BE R T C. LEE, E.vee. V ue I'rcs., Mouie-McCormack Lines, New Nmk, N. V ; W IL L A R D E. JO NES, V ice-P icv Gulf Oil Corp., New York, N. Y .; G ARTER K E N D A L !., U iicl Safely Eng., Beth Idiom Steel Co., Bethlehem, i 'a. ; C A R L I'.. H O LM E S, Mgr., Claims Dept., M aish ^ McLennan, Inc., New Y o ik , N. Y.; CA P'!'. HD W A K 1) C. H O L D E N , JR ., Vice President, United Stales P. & I. Agency, New York, N. Y . ; C A P " E. \V. E I S K E JR., Mgr., Operating Div., Marine Transp. Dept.. Soconv-Vacumii < o . New York N. Y.; C A P l . V R A N K It. U K .< i\N , Supi., Marine Dept., t h e Delawa" Lacka ') wanna it Western K. R. Co.r H oboken/N. J.; A R T H U R M. TO D E , Consulting Eng., New York. N. Y. Chairman, Nominating Cowmittce--W I L L A M D Ir. J O N E S , Vicc-Pres., Gulf Oil Corp., New York, N. Y. Secretary (A dm ira lty and Maritime Counselor)--H E N R Y C. E ID E N B A C H , Hagen, Scnecal & Eidcnbach, New York, N. Y. Assistant Central Chairman (Programs, Conventions & Meetings)-- H . M. W IC K , Asst, to the Pres., American Bureau of Shipping. New York, N . Y. . General Chairman (Membership)--C A PT. K. W . EISK E , JR., Mgr., Operating Div., Marine I rans. Dcpl., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., N ew York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Cargo Vessels)--L. H. Q U A C K E N B U S H , Mgr., Husbandmg Dcpl., Stales Marine Corp. of Del., New York, N . Y. Assistant General Chairman (Petroleum and Tank Vessels)-- K RANK W . MILLER, A sm. Mgr., Operations Div., Esso Shipping Co., New York, N. Y. Assistant General Chairman (Stevedoring)--JO H N W. M eGRATM , Pres,, National Assn, of Stevedores, and Pres., Jubn W. McGrath Corp., N ew York, N. Y. Director, Public Relations and Publicity--K RA N K B R A Y N A R D , Dir., Bureau of Infor mation, American Merchant Marine Inst., N ew York, N. Y. Director, Maritime Associations--Safety Cooperation and Attendance-- R. J. BAKER, Sccrctnry-Trcas., American Merchant Marine Inst., N ew York ,N. Y. Directors, Safety Information and Posters-- CAPT. R. E. M ACK EY, Asst. Mgr., Oper ations Div., Marine Dept., The Texas Co., New York, N . Y. ; H A R O L D J, SEG RAVE, District Manager, Mine Safely Appliances Co., Long Island City, N . Y. Lditor, Marine Nexus Letter--S. B. P A R SE L L , Marine Dept., Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., New York, N. Y. Regional Activities and Committees .[.r.iij/mif to Vice General Chairman (Coastal Regions and International S a fe ty Conven tions--Coordination) --REAR ADM. J. A. M IK SH F IE L D , USCG, Dir. of Personnel, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Chairman, Atlantic Region-- Tanker Operations-r-CAVT. W IL L IA M G. A N D E R SO N , Mgr. of Operations, Marine Div., The Atlantic Refining Co., Philadelphia, Pa. Assistant Chairmen, Gulf Region--Ships and Stevedoring--C A P T . R A L P H L. MOCK, Supvr., Accident Prevention, Lykes Bros. S.S. Co., New Orleans, La.; EARLE S M IT H , Safety Dir., Waterman S.S. Co., Mobile, Ala. Assistant Chairmen, Pacific Region--Ships and Stevedoring--JO S E P H H . T R A V ER S, Mgr., Acc. Prc. Bureau, Pacific Maritime Assn., Sait Francisco, C al.; H A R R Y E. A V E R Y . Safety Engineer. Matson Navigation Co., Sat! Francisco, Calif. Chairman, Southern California Region--P o rts and Terminals--R E A R ADM. P R A N K D. MIGBEE, USCG (R et.), Warden of the Port of Los Angeles, San Pedro, Cal. Assistant Ch m , Great Lakes Region--Bulk Carriers-- VVM. EC K ERT, Mgr., Safety Dept., Inlcrtakc S.S. Co., Cleveland, Ohio. ) ) Great Lakes Towimj Co., Cleveland, Ohio. Director', Inland IVutem vays, O perations tutti Shipbuilding --C H E S 'l E R C. I I K )M l*S<'N. Pres., The American W aterways Operators, Ine., Washington, I). C. Special Service C om m ittees Chairman, Committee f o r the Advancement of S a fe ty in the American Merchant Marine-- KRANK J. T A Y L O R , Pres., American Merchant Marine luMilule, Inc., New Yoih'f N. Y. Chairman, Ship Owners Associations Committee--(MOKCM W . M O RG AN, I'h s .. Assn, of American Ship Owners, N ew York, N. Y. Chairman, Statistics and Contests Committee--CART. II. R. R O SK N G R EN , Dir. of Safely ami Cargo Damage Prevention, Mm*ir-M rConnack I.ioes, New York, N. 'S. Assistant (.htiinnen, \hiptfni!din/ amt Ship Repair < CARTKR K EN t A t .1.. Chief Safety Lug., Bethlehem Steel Co., Bethlehem, Pa.; H E R M A N .1. N O R D STROM , Safely Eng.,' N ewport N ew s Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Co., Newport News, V a.; I. C. Y A T E S , Dir. of S afety, Alabama Drydock & Shipbuilding Co.. Mobile, Ala. C/uiiruiait, Engineering and Jlftmmum Standards Committee--C A PT. R. A. S M Y T H , USCG, Chief, Merchant Marine Technical Div., U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Special Maritime Advis or (Mar ine Engineering)-- 11. L. S E W A R D , Professor Emeritus, Yale University, School o f Engineering, New Haven, Conn. Special G overnm ent C om m ittees for Safety in N ational D efense Chairman, S a fe ty Policies f o r Regulations and Ship Inspections--REA R ADM . 11A LE R T O S H E P H E A R D , USCG, Chairman, Merchant Marine Council, and i T i m- fr Olliec oi Merchant Marine Safely, U. S. Coast Guard, Washington, D. C. Chairman, S a fety Committee f o r Ac cident Causes and Cost Exp erien ce- ED W A R I > P. MERGES, S a fely Soper., E cdo.tl and Maritime Safely Srtlioo, llm rao i*f J.abw Standaids, U. S. Dipt. ol Labor, W ashington, I >. C, Chairman, Naval Committee f o r S a f e t y tn National Defense Orga nizations-- ( API*. H ARRY W. JM U M E R (C M C ), U S N , Dir., S aiciy Div., Olliec of fud. Rek, Navy Dept,, Washington, D. C- Chairman, U. S. N a v y Yards S a f e t y Committee--LT. COM DR. G. D. M cCAU LEY, Head, Safety Section, (Code 785), Ind. Ref. Brandi, Bureau of Sfiips, Navy Dept., Washington, D. C. Staff Representative--L. W . D U T T O N , Nation;' ) 18 Metals Industry safely n sle d xvai chousing where the va riety of sizes, types, grades and finishes of the sle d carried in regular inventory is partie itlarly great. Riohlcm number lour was the employee's mental altitude ill relation to the work palih ii of the industry. The high degree oi Jlexibility in daily job assignments, bringing about a constant change in duties and indus trial environment, demands a general safety, knowledge o f the warehouse operation. This1 is difficult to establish except through expe rience gained during an extended employ ment period. The Use of Wetting Agents to Control Dust in Industries By G. A. M AU V ice Pres., Johnson March Corp., Philadelphia, Pa. Within the past two decades chemists have developed materials with properties similar to soap but without the limitations, resulting in a large number of compounds with re markable physical piopeilics. The behavior of these materials has suggested their use in a wide variety o f industrial fields. These materials are known as Surface A ctive Agents since their primary effect is at the boundaries or surfaces between two phases. Reduction of interfacial tension, lowering of surface tension, increase of welting dcthuvulaliou ;uul emulsification m e some of the results of this activity. The synthetic surface active agents first came into use in lilts country about 1930. In the few years since llieir introduction, they have become numerous and varied, and have found many uses in diverse fields. The surface active agents can be subdivided into five groups. W etting agents, penetrating agents, dispersing agents, emulsifying agents and foaming agents. Reicrencc will be directed particularly to the fust and second groups. Namely, wet ting agents; producing increased welling or spreading of an accjcous solution or suspen sion over a repellent surface and the sec ond group !>rnrl.nii?ig agents, providing m oic rapid passage of a liquid into a porous solid. With the above brief discussion on sur face active agents, or as I will refer to them from now ' * as wetting agents or compound. 1 ini to discuss the use of wetting agents to control dust in industry and particularly, thr foundry. 1 like the popular definition of a welting agent, which merely states that a wetting agent added to water makes it welter. Per- ', haps, w e should slate for the purpose of ` keeping the chemical terminology straight,' that a wetting agent is a material which, when added to water, or to any other liquid, w ill cause considerable reduction iu surface tension. S afety and health have been benefitted by the use o f wetting compounds in: many industries. S afely--in providing bet ter visibility around plant and equipment, health by preventing the absorption or in halation o f dust. Dusts, whether toxic of not, arc harmful and an attempt to group dusts under the headings "active'* and "inert** (w ith refer ence to effect on health) has proved unsat isfactory. Investigations have proven that practically all dusts may be harmful if breathed in large amounts over long periods. In this country, dust diseases usually des ignated as `'silicosis'* is more or less common among workers in the mining, grinding, granite and foundry industries. According to Lanza and Vane, the estimated number uf men exposed to Silica-Hearing Dust in various industries are as follows: Process A ll iim plp)ccs M c la l m<nioR ............................................ 100 A n tlifa c ilc c o a l m in in g ........................ ' 0 (Quarrying o f granite, ganistcr. sandstone, e tc........................................... 100 S m rltin j; f t re fillin g ................................ 100 I'umutry workers .............................. 100 I'o tle rie s , class w o rks,stone pro du cts 50 G rin d ers, buffers, sand blasters. vitre o u s enatnelers ............................. Estim ated to ta l (o r m ininy.. quat ty ing and m anufacturing industries. Exposed 62.000 30.000 22.000 Ift.OOO 200.000 70.000 62.000 430.000 0003 2 5 77ir f/.rc of JKcffm/ /l.uod.v In addition to these there arc ''thousands of workers who have been exposed lo silica dust ht these various occupations and arc now engaged in other forms of work.** In order that we may belter understand the purpose <af this discussion on wetting afculs for dust control it will be necessary to discuss the dangerous dust particle size and the wetting effect o f raw water com pared to wet water with (he proper surface Irnsion and group combination. Not all of the particles of inhaled died ruin access or are retained by the human tongs. l;or these reasons, the size of the dost present in (he industrial atmosphere should be determined. investigations have proven that particles ffealer than 10 microns in longest dimen-iion arc very seldom found in (hr lungs, *y.' and that (he particle size found most corn*. nxmly in lungs were three to five microns. Due to gravity which causes rapid settling vf suspensions ami due fu the pmteeiive ` * fu .Uusl in huluslt u s I &vH; . Ijv^v phenomenon is basically jCiu! , :;i ! Cliii i)( liiiuiii innMi&c atIsnTeT upon the solid before wetting'can occur. A liquid will spread on a 'solid if tin* '-m face tension o f the latter is greater than the sum o f tin* inter facial tension be tween the Mtlid and liquid and the surface tension o f (be liquid. 'Ih cielu rc, the wetting power of a liquid inciea<es with a devtcase in its surface ten sion, Many dusts m e welled only will great ditJienhv became of ihe pi earner "f another fdm ahead* ab'-oilird on (hr M l . n r . I hi . him might be adsorped air, whieli oecnis in a fust eloud. Then wetting wifi not take place unless the spreading force of the liquid is great enough to diivc off the air layer. A wetting agent or <on(ouml o f sin face Aclixc agent groups wifi in most eases fur nish ihe spreading force of the liquid to diivc off the air tavei and wet the dust. Turn- will iio| primil a discussion of nlh*r than (hr high point-, o f dust roiiliol in lie* action of the mucous surfaces o f the upper respiratory tract, the larger particles do not penetrate to the terminal portions of the lungs. Therefore. i( is obvious that atienfion should be given elnefly to those particles which are less Ilian 10 onerous in longest iliitu'iisioii and which can enter the lungs. ftnmdiy industry. About three years ago, I was handed some- fmihdiy dost licit was collected around the mullcr. and asked whether it rouhl he weMed will a welling agent. Much lo my sin prise, it was a contbinalion of foundry dusfs dial did onl n-q...n.| I* water- or am*-Mielc 1\ pe *! gionp *( wi-lline. ar.eti!-. This group particle si/.c is very dithcnll (< wet, and requires not only a low surface tension liquid hut a fine atomizing spray nozzle. Dust control hy wetting depends for its effectiveness upon (he fact (hat, once (be t)u>( has heen trapped in water or some oilier liiitiid, the particles are not easily dis persed again in the air, until proper disposal las been made. known at (hat lime. We liu.dly ioimd a compontul of snt face active agents that would actively wet (bis dust, (lusts difficult lo wet dan be welled if the proper welting Compound is iiM*d and the application cor rect. (Inc without the other will not work. So far we have tombed on a discussion of the Iff ppccs *d w elling agents, that a liquid with low surface tension is best for wettmg. Dust control by wr( methods is attractive from ibc standpoint of cost hut has not heen highly successful in certain industries, with law water. Many articles have heen w rit ten quoting not ton good icsu lls in such applications as grinding wheels, rock drilling, ilMM'Ug, etc Dust control w ith w a t e r is h e t t c r th a n im Helling at all, hut w ould tu>l r e t i m e the dust count sunivienlly to be s a f e , a n d in the c u e of some dusts, co u ld ml h r w e lle d at II, especially the sizes ID m i c r o n s i*r 1c**s 0 obtain belter wetting, experimentation providing the dust and liquid a n - compatible that IIm-: size dust p.u tide should be most inlptcslcd in is linee I live imcions or generally particle si/'* less than ID m i c i o n I he. ze e* *m p;i I rs p, foe. pal l' le si/c-. ) lie ettn w i \ o i w e l d i o l out 1o l is d e ' p e n d e n t tip* I I m* d e g r e e t o w h i c h (lie p a t h * vies au Welle! I m p o r t a n t la c l* *is th a t dc- te i m ine w e tla h ilit v n r du>ts art' the p ro p e r w e llin ': componi* I an*l ili*- a p p lic a tio n o f the pt op* i p a i f cl pi a \ -.o|.,ii--it w i i h n. v |r ! I' :.p |." ' 1 pr.i .vj to the use o f w e ttin g a g e n ' - . 'ivsns o: v c. :s n't i :-':'c ';< ) ) U U o 'c il) 20 Metals Another Iip factor for efficient wet dust control is Ilie selection of proper type noz zles. It is common practice to employ **a nozzle" wfctl*cr a solid or hollow cone or Hat sheet spray. No mutter how efficient the wetting compound may he. if the proper nozzle with proper spray pattern and anple arc not at the right location, results can not he obtained. I hc methods usually employed to obtain fine atomization are high pump pressures, liquid with air misting nozzles and very low capacity nozzles. High pressures arc not desirable for dust welling. The high pressure spray causes flic dust to disperse beyond the spray area. Liquid air misting nozzles are very satis factory for spraying areas 10-20 ft. from the nozzles. A very fine fog or mist sprav can he obtained with these nozzles provided sufficient nozzles are used for the spray patlciu. I beso nozzles arc recommended for lop spraying of shakeouts, sand conditioning, crane shakeout, etc. Low capacilj' nozzles can bq grouped and used <m medium pressures (40-70 psi) to obtain fine particle atomization, for close proximity dust concentrations near equip ment or conveyor transfer points, etc. These nozzles are now available in capacities of 2 to 24 gallons per hour. Most wetting agents arc shipped in con centrated form and require dilution when used for spraying. Llficicnt, durable, auto matic proportioning equipment is required for successful wet dust control. Rroportioners meeting these conditions over a pe riod of yeats air now available. Whiting Cimpounds arc of great benefit to foumhies, not only for dust control hut for such things as fire fighting, core knock out, cleaning castings, o n e wash, recondi tioning the moulding sand, cupola smoke control, sand tempering, etc. Dust control at runic and machine shake outs, mailers, Homs, '.and e o n d i Ii o n i n g . grinding and cleaning dcpai (incuts arc the .'iiCaS w nC ic l o u m h i e s h a w p i o w n w e i i m g compounds very successful. The application of wetting compounds on foundry floors or walk*:, prevents Inst aris ing whe*' ' oiling equipment or men travel over th It keeps the floating dust parti cles fron. necomiog airborne. For general me. when* the s:od is accumulating over Industry 7 hr Admimstratum o/Lj^jfr/y I'rtujnttns ;2I I,-'. large areas and is not regularly removed,: JL compounds to eliminate dust before pine- wetting compounds arc infinitely more ef*; i cssitig. fcctivc than spraying with water. ' R. Wherever sand is thrown from conditioti- Plain water wets the surfaces of the floor machines, direct pressure nozzles with sand, causing mud, or may run to lower >,'capacities considerably larger than the aver <levels causi.ng pud. d. .les and excess surf/ace ' a- _ge.I..d..u. st .n...o..z...zIle..s .a..r...e .r.e...c..o..m....m. .en_dte_dI. ' iIi .h:is moisture in spots. ' nozzle must have a line ntomi/ed spray be Hccausc very little penetration lakes place cause wetting o f the sand is necessary I* air currents absorb the moisture rapidly, .properly control the atmospheric lust. !>c- allowing (he sand to dry am! become dust; % pendent upon bin capacity, we also recom- shortly after the water application. f:'mend for large bins air fog misting nozzles W hen applying welting compounds to the. &V-ovcr the storage area to control (lie tinsi floor a flat cutting spray nozzle has beta.:' and to revive the treatment in the event the found most effective. pisane! stands long enough to become dry and W etting compounds permit the wetting of dusty. floors in the m elting and pouring areas be* "Welling compounds arc being successfully cause of cpiick deep penetration o f the mott*. used to control dust arising during skip at turc in the sand and much less possibility *.>''*f-haarcndnoltoaedxi.nh1_ga_u_soitf-e.di .mucSll_me_raililop.c.e.a.r.p.a..at_ci_oi_tny_s_,_n_ow__zhzitlc.e.h,,s that sand near the surface will be wd cnonel. lo cause s|.atlcri..B of metal. Pent-:, f i ! " 0,;nlc<l vcr "'.'Her bowl will g e l the tIrra:tt.iinotni wwiitlhl, ww.a-.tlecrr iiss ddiifrftiiceudltI aann,dI ecvvaapDoorart.tees quickly. Crane shake out of castings usually .in'* vol.vc .large areas .m. .the mam. ,hays oft many foundries. W hite the shakeout periods might 'I'isl _particles w ill, very (itile or controlled moisture. If tempering of sand $1 is required, the w elling agent s mlrndmed > >..in the water hue. Core knockouts may produce even gieater v* -v- i V n dirtiness than shakeouts. I '-iRu- i y lnn;e fir small, ii legubvilv shaped castings disperses nun molts amounts of dust. W etting compounds are effective in softening iar**s, making them dustless and murh easier to tcni"\e flout the eastings. T h rie are many oilier a p p l i c a t i o n s fot welting eompoimds to eouitol foundty dust, and there arc certainly many more uses, such as tempering and penetrating agents. The few applications mentioned are merely to show the possibilities. I trust l have explained: 1. The purpose of welling agents, that practically any tins! can be controlled with the proper welling compound. 2. That dust particle sizes of three to five microns or sizes less than III microns require low surface tension liquids compatible with the lust. X That a wetting compound must he atomized to fine micron size droplets for dust control, d. That cor rect nozzles for tempering and gcneial w e l ling. and fool-proof equipment are ncccs sary, automatic proportioning and nnzzh control to make wet du<l c*ntu*l a success he confined to night or early morning hours, when few employees arc in the area, most H;! - o f the foundry becomes contaminated with airborne dust that is easily vibrated loo fm m the building structure and equipment The Administration of Safety Programs when the full force of workmen arc at work. A fine atomized solid cone spray ap* plied from nozzles attached to the craw bridge over the shakeout area has been usel successfully at a foundry. At another foundry, a t .ii. stand was built with the fog air misting nozzles, which, is placed in a position ii oposite sides of the working which might he 25 feet or more, in diameter. This type nozzle is aNo used for spraying over the shakeout table. The fog air m isting nozzle is used suc cessfully to supplement exhaust systems o? shakeout machines. If the table is large and the dust is not being properly exhausted, the air fog misting nozzle has siirrrssftilly controlled the dust in areas not exhausted 1 might be over liic ends of extra laip work extending over the table, or due It sand not leaving underneath the shakeoct fast enougnh. By A. C. U liO K S T liA D |?T Dir., SaTety and T ech nical E m p loym ent, A m erican Sm elting ami Refining Co.. *. Salt Lake City, Utah x: .:. - hi order to properlv administer a safetv ^ program, it is first necessary to establish the A;..proper organization. This uigam /alton must have the support of all individuals in the :/.. company fmm the ihrutmau of the h*atd . ami president to lire newest pay roll rm V. plover. ),,; Second, a defin ite s a f e l y policy must he y formulated by all levels o f m a n a g em e n t in :-;.'cmjimctiou w it h all m e m b e r s o f the sa fety cogamznl ion. I b i s police sh ou ld he He*nill<- o* enough Ii meet c h a n g i n g co nd'lm im and % cmrrgt urics willi>*ul c *n! i m o n mi ' " trouble. r Third, it is n ecessary that the im portance and proper e m p h a s is to s a f e t y he recognized by 3d levels o f m a n a g e m e n t ami by cvei v s p e e l i o i K sh o u ld I " ' c o n d u c t e d c o n s t a n t l y tfo llo w tin* progress o f the s a fe ty p i o : * , : " 1 and to prevent had pr:u'tires lu iin d '\ h q ipg and rn ku ging. ; t i f i l i , individual plant -..tfcl\ dp uiim n l i i n i q he p i o v i ' h - i l w i t h 11 a i m ' d p r i ' . o n m l anjn*v d id w i t h Ihe a u l ic o t l \ arrd r q in p n u n tf> d o th e j o b e x p e ct ed . . The folh*wiug u u llim s f j t r t ir e a d m i n i ' - t r a l i o n f aV 1 h; p r r < r n l l v set u p S m e llin g alni h e lm in g v a le t e i< ict . - g u i / n l w i t h la nce a< p n - l m l i i 'U lw a ll m e n t. t in * >r g a m z a i i* <> a sa le ly pr/'grar til the A u le tic a ' t ninpnnv. M e lt the sa u n y iru i'i' 1 leveL o f m anagt I he e m m u i l i e e on s a f e ty a m i I hni'. e m p l o v m e u l is enipr*ved ot Ih e l o p r ' e r u T h e :iii!initil n f du s t pro duc e d liy s.W oul'h>y-:c " > Ihe compoiiy io, liidini; cm I \ * i d (he e o i n p a m ine lm lri ig . tin* c h a i r ma coudilio>bnB e q u ip m e n t is inlliicnred hi I'loycvs ju s t heiny hired. t*l li re b o a i'd. th e pie *:' the o p ria tin hy w h c li ic r tiic s a n d is b u n d le d d ry or n. ]< Fourtii, a d e li ni le follow-r ip a nd cbcch v ic e p re s id e n ts , an d je p is a ljv r s i t o m tir 'I I,c s an d sh o u ld he m o i s t e n e d willi vvcltinf R j System l l n o u g h r e p o r t s a n d o n -t h e -s p o t in- f i n a n c i a l an il le g a l depn 1 1merit s I h e hte ) T:; 0 0 0 3 2 7 , M McUlls Industry O f f i c e r s o f t h e served solely for engineers, rather, we do It.. mean that people engaged in safely work M E T A L S0 F imitl he able to analyze, to judge, and to decide. Mr. Ward, will you discuss lids mailer of analysis ? Mh. W aku : Often, accidents seem to stem from uncontrollable factors, and the appar accident. Accident investigation has no value, whatsoever, if it docs not succeed ie developing a safer method if doing the job on which the accident occurred. Thus, we have completed three points our accident analysis program. W e have looked at the apparent cause; we have I y. * ` j J N A T I O N A L SAFETY C O U N C I L 1951-52 ent cause is that the accident was due to a hazard inherent to that peculiar job or oc cupation. searched out (lie real cause; and we have General Chairman-- IlO W 'A R D I IO L L A N l), Supervisor ol Safely, *1 be Vounn^lcwti established, and set up our objective. Bui Sheet & Tube Company, Last Chicago, ImJ. the full accident analysis, as we sec it, is Now, in safely work, such identification is mi sufliuenl. Since we arc interested in the elimination of unsafe acts and unsafe conditions, we mist go further. W e must made up o f four points. W e must estab l-./'iri/ Vice-Chairtnan-- II. S. S IM P S O N . Safely l'.nginccr, ( alci pillar T iarlor Company, lish rcs|onsibilUy; not necessarily responsi j-:. . Peoria, III. bility for the accident that has already hap pened, but ratlicr, responsibility for the I Second Vice-Chairman--J. J. N O L A N , Safety Kngiurer, Hclldehciu Slccl Company, Brlh- seek out the real cause of the accident. This can best be done by the application of logic. We must take what we have learned of the real cause and set up our objective--the correction of the factors which caused the correction of the conditions (hat caused tlx accident. W e've all heard the old proverb, "Something that is everybody's responsibil ity is* nobody's responsibility." It never bad a belter application than it has in accident prevention. 7 leiten. Pa. Secretary-- A. II. X L 1 L IN C L R , Safety Lngineer. : lion, Pueblo, Colo. News Letter Editor-- W. II. W IL SO N . Safety The Colorad Purl I >in o, Aniln idge & Iron C*rpmaPlant. A im nrau Bridge Company, Amhridge, Pa. .News Letter <'a-t:<lilor W. .1. M. K P.l >\\ ( K 1. S a l. l v S ii| m i \ i v n i , Im in '. i ial Ini l.iiiiMi'. Deparhuent, Algoma Slccl Corporation. Ltd., Sattli Ste Marie. Ontario. Canada. Consultili!/ ('ommiiiee-- *R. !.. K IDING K R (Chairman). D irn lo r of Safely & Plant Proleclion. Inland Sleel Company, Last Chieagn, Imi.; I. L. MaeK KNZI h.. Supervisor of Safety, South W orks, Uniteli Stales Sleel Company, Chieag.i. III.; J. W . TA SSI*'.. Safely Supcrvisr, Chicago District. Republic Steel Company, Cliieago, III. Contest and Statistics Committee-- L. J. LANCLAND (Chairman). Safely Director, ('.real Lakes Steel Corporation, Lcorsc, Detroit, M ieh.; J. P. LK O NARO , Personnel ami Safety Director, Hlaw-Knox Company, Pitlshurgh, Pa.; C. II. SI IN DK RLAN 1), Super visor of Lnlror Analysis, United Stales Sleel Company, Pillslmrgh, Pa. Enyinecrimj and ! 'ra d ic es C am m ittet-- A. ( i. W i l l SM A N ( C h a i r m a n ). Supei vis or o f Safely, G a r y Sl c c l W o r k s , U n ite d S l a t e s Sle el Co., C a r y , Imi. Fabricating Industry--i LR A R U O. CRII*'I*'IN (Chairman). Dircelo)' ol Safely, Dravo Corporation, Neville Island, Pitlshurgh. Pa.; I*\ lh.A U l K)l N, Mauaj-.er Imhr-hkd Relations, United Stales Sleel Products (om pany Petroleum Inni W orks Dividon. Sharon. Pa.; I**. \V. KN( iKR KR, Managi-mrnl's Kcprrscnlalivc, Piltshnigh Disi h I, Bclhlehem Steel (om pany, P illshiugh, Pa.; II. PALM I NI . S afl\ Ltigim ei, I. I. <'um* Cmnpa.iv, Roekhnd W t.tL , K o.k toid , HI.; W A L T IK I.. W IL LIA M S. S .i l .n I ogi ; licer. Huiler Manufacturing ('ompany. Caleshm g. 111.; I*. L. W ISL . Supei viso IV sound & S afely, Hlaw-Knox Division, Hlaw-Knox Company. Hlawnox, Pa. 'foundry Industry---}. 1). I (O L l V.t\ l M'Lb, ( (.hai man ). Pci sonnet Supervisor Cnoiinm t.d .V Foundry & Machine (Company I'.act ( 'hieago. Imi.; *D. A. KARRI'LL (A dvisory y Chairman), Supervisor of S afely. Unilc<l Slates Sleel C., Pitlshmgh, Pa.; MKYTN A. B R IN K M A N , Director of Lmploymcnt, S afely and W elfaie, Mackiuiosh-I (euiphill Company, Pittsburgh. Pa.; G LO R C L M ILLIG A N , Safety Dircelo). Miuncapolis- . Moline Co., Minneapolis. Minn.; S IIK R M A N R ICI IARI )SU N , Assistant I crsonuel Malinger, Amcrieau Radiator and Standard Sanitary Corpo) alion, Pill-'-Mgli, Pa.; , A. G. STARIGLI I, Personnel Dircetor, I he Pmekeye Sleel Castings ( any, Co- | P Iambus, O hio; C. J. V A N D A M N , S afely Director, Campbell, Wyant <C O non ) Foundry Company, Muskegon, Mich.; E. J. W A L L M A N , District Supervisor of Safety, A m eri can B ra k e Shoe Co., Chicago, IB. Mciollic Coating Industry--B O N N IE T R E N T (C hairm an), Plant Safety Committee, American Hot Dip Galvnuizcre Association, Inc., Pittsburgh, P a.; *C. M. ALLEN (Advisory Chairman), Staff Supervisor of Safety, Arm co Steel Corporation, Middletown, Ohio; T. C. CARRICO, Director, W elfare and S afety, Wheeling Steel Corpo ration, Wheeling, W. Vn. Non /erroii.r Aiftoij /w hijlriej--M. L. A B E L (Chairm an), Executive Vice-President, Mag nesium Company of America, East Chicago, Ind.; *H. G. H E N S E L (A dvisory Chair man), Safely Director, The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Chicago, III.; W ILLIAM G ILL1AND, Assistant Safety Director, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, P a .; C. L. McCOY, Director o f Personnel, Chase Brass & Copper Company. Cleveland, Ohio; 1. E. N ICH O LS, Director of Safety, Reynolds Metals Company, Reynolds Metals Building, Richmond, V a .; C. L. U IE N Z O , Sitpervisor of Workmen's Compensation, Revere Copper and Brass Inc., Rome, N. Y .; W IL L IA M S. VISOKAY, Superintendent of Safely, Bridgeport Brass Company, Bridgeport, Conn. Steel / $tdustry--r\\Jm |;,, BARKER (Chairm an), Safety Supervisor, East Works Plant, Armco Steel Corp., Middletown, Ohio; G. J. E IG E N B R O D , Safety Supervisor, Republic Steel Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y .; S T A N L E Y W . I ALL, Supervisor. Em ployee Services Section, Steel Division, Ford Motor Company,- Dearborn, Mich.; W. T, M cLEAN, Supervisor of Safety, United States'*Steel Co., Youngstown,'Ohio; K. D. MORGAN. Superintendent of Plant Protection & Safety, Bethlehem Plant, Bethlehem Steel Company, Bethlehem, P a.; W. D. W IL L IA M S . Assistant Supervisor of Safety, The Youngstown Sited & Tube Company, East Chicago, Ind. Steel ff*iur/i(mji<7 Industry--JOIINj C. C U S IIIN G (C hairm an), Director of Industrial. Relations, United States Steel Supply.Company, Chicago, II!.; *F. W. K E L SE Y (Ad visory Chairman), Supervisor of Safety & W elfare, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corpora tion. Jones & Laughlin Building, Pittsburgh, P a.; M. A. K IN G , Supervisor of Safety, J. r. Ryerson Company, Chicago, III.; JO H N E .S P A N N , Engineer, Chicago Ware house, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, Chicago, III.; W A L T E R S T O N E R , Super intendent Industrial Relations, Truscon Division, Republic Steel Corp, Youngstown, Ohio. IFire Manufacturing Industry-- II. E. F K A Y E R (C hairm an), Safety Director, L. A. Young Spring k Wire Corp,, Detroit, M ich.; *J. F. C O L L IN S, Supervisor o f Safety, The Youngstown Sheet & Tvihc Company, Youngstown, O hio; P E T E R CONTARDO, Safely Director, John A. Kochliug's Sons Company, Trenton, N. J. Health Cnmmittre--DR. RICH ARD J. B E N N E T T (Chairm an), Chief Surgeon, United Slates Steel Company, Chicago, ill.; DR. E. II. C A R L E T O N , Medical Director, Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, Ind.; DR. A. M. EDW ARDS, Medical Director, American Steel & W ire Company, Cleveland, O hio; DR. S. A. NO RRIS, Chief Su rgcon, Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation, Pittsburgh, Pa. Membership Committee--W. M. N E L S O N (Chairm an), Manager of Safely, Rcpuhlk S te e l Corp., Cleveland, O h io ; K. H. B U M G A K D N E R , Manager, Safely and Casualty Bureau. Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad Company, Birmingham, A la.; R. M. DAVIS, General Supervisor of Safety, Homestead W orks, United Stales Steel Co.f Munhall, Pa.; J. A. DO W NEY , JR., Director, Personnel 5: Safety, Sloss-Shcfiicld Steel & Iron Company, ' ningham, Ala.; A. L. L O T T, Manager o l Industrial Relations, The Sled Company anada. Ltd, General Ollices, Hamilton, Canada. C. J. V A N D E V E N T E R , Safely Director. Atlantic Steel Company, Atlanta, Ga. ) ) \ , i l 1 Program Committee-- E. H . H O U C K (Chairman), Superintendent of S a fely ami Welfare, AUquippa W orks, Jones & Laiighlin S ied Corp., Altgnppn, l'a.; L. 1.. B R A D S H A W , Safely Director, Aluminum Company of America, Pittsburgh, l 'a .; G. I*. GRACE, Assistant to Generai Sales Manager, Industrial Qtniu Division, Columbus McKinnon Cliain Corp., Tonawanda, N. Y .; E A R LE M. D A Y M A N , Direclor of Personnel, General Steel Castings Corp., Eddystonc, l 'a. ; J. N. M A ltA N , Supere Nor uf Safely and Insurance, Continental Steel Corp., Kokomo, Imi.; E D W A R D M A R (IN , Director of Safety, O liver Iron and Steel Corp.; Pittsburgh, Pa.; A L L E N M. MORGAN, Manager, Industrial Relations Department Haynes Stellile, Kokomo, Imi.; R U S S E L L I. P iS L E , Superintendent, Industrial Relations, Chicago District, Republic Steel Corp., Chicago, III.; T . U. S M IT H , Safely Supervisor, Republic Sieri Corp., Wumgstown, Ohio. Trade Association Liaison Committee--EDW*ARD C. M LTZLL (C hairm an), Assistant Supervisor of Safely, United States S led Co., Pittsburgh, Pa.; P. J. 1U W L N , Assist ant S a fely Engineer/ Great Lakes Corp., K.enrse. Detroit, M ieli.; U 'A U I. I*.. G RUND* M AN, S a fely Engineer, Rustless Iron and S led Division, Armen S ieri t otp., Haitimore, Md. ; J. I*. JU L I, S afely Direetnr, Consolidated Western Steel (.'nip., Lo* Angeles, Calif.; \V. W. flR A N T , Snpei visor of Safety, Johnstown Plant. Pelhltlmu Steel Company, Johnstown, P a.; G. A. KILLY, Supervisor of S afely. Amrrieaii iLnke Shoe Company, N ew York, N. Y. ; J. R. V AN SYCKLK, Safety Supervisor, Republie Steel Corp., Cleveland, O hio; K. M. W A L SII, Assislant Director, S afety and Plant Service, Inland Steel Company, Indiana Harbor Works, East Chicago, Lid. R.-Jfwutfl Educufion and 'osier Committee--RO BERT S. B. H O L M E S (C hairm an), Director \ of Training and S afely, National Tube Company, Pittsburgh, Pa.; A. E. A SK L, Safely Supervisor, Sheffield Steel Corp., Kansas City, Mo.; II. J. JO N E S , Manager, Industrial `Relations, The Colorado Enel & Iron Corp., ButTak, N. Y .; P A U L L U N U Q U 1S T , Safely Director, Acme S le d Company, Kiverdale, III.; D. D. M ATEK K , Supervisor. Safety and W elfare Department, Pittsburgh Works, Jones & Laughliii Steel L'oip., Pittsburgh, P a .; A R T H U R D. M U R P H Y , Director of Safety and Suggestion Plan, Crucible Steel Company of America, Pittsburgh, Pa.; K E N N E T H I. W AR!.), Assistant to Supervisor of S a fely , The Youngstown Sheet & Tube Company, Youngstown, Ohio. Members-at-Large-- *E. E. B L A N K , Assistant to Vice-President, Employee mid Public Relations, Jones & Langldin S led Corp., Pittsburgh, Pa.; G R O VER C. P.KOWN, Secreta iy. Industrial Relations ( ominitlee, Ameneau 11*it and S tir i lu -liinie, NVw York, N. Y. ; *K. A. C H A M 'IN , Viee-Piesident, IndiKlii.d Relations. I minem.il Steel Corp., Kokomo, Lid.; *K. JI. ELRG USO N, .Assistant Diicetor of Industrial Rela tions, Republic Steel Corp., Cleveland, Ohio; *G. T. HONDA, Assistant to President, Weirton Steel Company, Weirton, W. Va.; *L. II. EYLLK, Superintendrnt. Indusliid Relations, Uniteti Slates Steel Co., Gary Steel Works, Gary, link; ML J. G U II'T IT D , Assistant to Manager of Coal Mines, Jones S: Langhliu S led Cnp., W sta-Shannopm Coal Division, California, P a.; *!'. A. LA U KK M /\ N, Director of hidusttjal Relations, Republic Steel Corp., Youngstown, Ohio; *J. A. OARTE.I., Pittsburgh, Pa.; *R .1.. SCI IMI 1 J, Louisville, Ky. ; *11. J. SPO LK LK , Director of Indnsltial Relations, The Youngstown Stieel & i ubo Company, Vomtgstuwn. Staff Re[>rc$cnUit\i'C-- W M . N. D A V I S , Senior Li Chicago, III. National S afely Cuundifc; Past General Chairman. . 0 UC C: ) Officers of the M IN IN G SECTION N A T I O N A L S A F E T Y C O U N C I L 1951-52 { Softly prom otion Committee--R. F. W ILSO N (.Chairman), Oliver Iron Miuipg Duluth, M inn.; P. D. Mc-MUKRER, Mining Congress journal, Washington, . D. C ; EVAN J U S T , Engineering & Mining Journal, New York, N. Y .; JO H N D O R SC U . Mining World, Sait Francisco, Cal.; II. K. RICE, Canadian Mining Journal. Gardenvalc. Quebec, Canada. ! Hygiene and P'enlilation Committee -R. EM M ETT D O H E R T Y (Chairm an), Anthracite i Institute, W ilkes-Barre, P a.; E. A. A N U N D S E N , Pickamls M atlm ft Cr-mpam, ! Duluth, Minn.; C. W E S L E Y PO T I EK, Homeslakc Mining ( o.. Lead. So. Dak. Generai Chairtnan--CLIFFO R D G IB S O N , Mines Accident Prevention Assn, of Ontario; Timmins, Ontario, Canada. J irst Vice-Chairman--A. J. S T R O M tJU JST , Cleveland Clilfs Iron Co., Ishpcmitig, Mieli. Second Vice-Chairman--J. O, M A R SH A L L , St. Joseph Lead Co., Unimat, N. Y. Third Vice-Chairman--O SC A R A. G L A E S E R , U. S. Smelling, Refining and Mining Co, Salt Lake City, Utah. : Secretary Ex N ew s Letter Editor-- D. O. K E N N E D Y , Safety and Health Branch, U. S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C. Entertainment Committee--). T. R Y A N , JR. (Chairman), Mine Safety Appliances Co., Pittsburgh, Pa. Members-at-i.anje-- *GEOKGE G E R R Y ,' Pickamls Mather & Co., Iruim-ond, M idi.; W A LTE R E. M O N T G O M E R Y , Oneher Asbestos Mining Assn., Montreal, (hut)-, Canada; *JAMI'.S K. R It 11AR D SO N , Krumvotl t'upper Salt Lake City. Utah; JOHN L. P .O A R D M A N , Anaconda Copper Mining Co.. Ihifle, Mont.; *1*. M. FELL- M AN, T he Montreal Mining Co., Montreal, W is.; A. W . N E S S , American Smelting ft Refining Co., Salt Lake City, (Itah; *P. M. A R T H U R . American Zinc Co. "f Tennessee, M ascot t, T en n .; *A N G U S D. CAMPBE.I.L, McIntyre Porcupine M ines Ltd., Schumacher. Out., Canada; *\V. Jl, COM INS, Pmmid Sales Die.. National Lead Co.,'Texarkana, T exas; *R. D A W S O N IIALL, Coal A ge, M cGraw-Hill PnMLIiing Co., Inc., N ew York, N. Y .; S. E. S H A R P , Tennessee Copper Co., CopperhiU. Tenn.; R. F. A . T H E W , Steep Rock Iron Mines, Ltd., Steep Rock Lake, Ontario, Canada; D. D. M O F F A T , Utah Copper Co., Salt Lake City, U tah; 1C H. S L IP , Tin* New Jersey Zinc Co., Franklin, N. I.; *J()IIN TRK W EEK , I himestake Mining (**.. Lead, S. I).; H O W A R D I. Y O U N G , Anietiean Zinc, Lead fv Smelling ( o., Si. Lone;. Mu. Engineering Committee--GEORGE G E D G E (Chairm an), Calumet and U ccia Consoli dated Copper Co., Calumet, M idi.; R A L P H C L E L A N D , International Nickel Co., Cooper Cliff, Ontario, Canada; 1*. R. B IR C H P IE L D , Tennessee Coal, Iron & R.R. Com pany, Birmingham, Ala.; C. E. S H E A , Oliver Iron Mining Company, Hihliing, Minn.; IL P*. H U T C H E N S , Eagle Piclirr Mining & Smelling Co., Cardin, Olila.; RAY M OND R. K N IL L, Potash Company o f America, Carlsbad, New M exico; JO H N U. BIKER, Consolidated Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd,, o f Canada, 'frail, British Columbia, Canada. Staff Representative--G. G. G RIKVL, National Safety Council, Chicago, III. Past General Chairman Membership Committee--J. T. W IL L IA M S (C hairm an), Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Concentration Co., Kellogg, Idaho; M. R. M eP H E R S O N , Kerr-Addison Gold Mines, Ltd., Virgimatowu, Ontario, Canada; C. R. N E IL , Bethlehem Cornwall Corp., Corn wall, Pa.; E. K UNE1IJELM , Hudson Bay Mining and Smelting Company, Flin Flou, Manitoba, Canada. Program Committee--S. II. ASH (Chairm an), S afely & Health Branch, LL S. Bureau of Mines, Washington, D. C ; W . O. T O W E R , Chief Inspector of Mines, Parliament Buildings, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; C. M. E L LE D G E, Reynolds Mining Corp., 5 Alexander, Ark. f Poster and Visual Aids Committee--L. I \ B IS H O P (Chairman), Anaconda Copper Min ing Co., Butte. Mont.; R. E. H A R M O N , Phelps Dodge Corp., New Cornelia Ut aneli, ,Aj'\ Arir. ; C. W. K N U D S L N , Utah Cupper Company, Bingham, Utah; GEORGI: W. S T R E E P E Y , Alcoa Mining Co.. New York. N. Y .; M. C. M. POLLAIO). National Gypsum Co., Buffalo. N. Y .; L A M A R W E A V E R , Tennessee Copper Co, Coppcrhill, Term.; A. H. ZE1L1NGER, Colorado Enel & lio n Co., Pueblo, Colorado Statistics C itlee-- FO R EST T. M O YER (Chairm an), U. S. Bureau of Mines, cci dent Anaij.'CS Dv.t Washington, D. C. P.> Officers of the - . I Chuininm fff-lhe-Jub S a f e l y i n,mm!In- - C. I.. 11 l e i ITO W ER. United G;,s I'ii- Co., Shreveport, La. j PETROLEUM SECTION N A T I O N A L S A F E T Y C O U N C I L 1951-52 Chairman Contesi tinti Sliitislicul C o m m ittee-.I. M. ( j \ MEKON, The Atlantic Co., Philadelphia, Fa. News I.eitrr Editor--A. R. HOW E E S, Hie le s a s O., New Yov L. N . Y. Keliitihg /lufm tf N ews Lette r Editor---E l.L IS K. /K 'l ER,j Ethyl Corp., N ew York, N. ^ General Chairman--C. 0 . A T T A W A Y , Arkansas Fuel Oil Co., Shreveport, La. Pas;tl OGednieerraa!i tChhaaiirrmmecnn--\\Vv.. \Oj.. W...I.L..S..O..N.... ..S..t.a.n.d..a.r.d.(;Oil C_o. (,Indiana); U. M. I; ' 1' REL, Shell Pipe Line Corp.; D. A. K LEM M E, Stimolimi Oil & Gas Co.; \V. I. K E N T , M agnolia Petroleum Co.; .1. H O W A R D ^ Y E R S , The Atlantic Refining Co.; Vice-General Chairman--W A LT ER HOON, Sun Oil Co., Marcus Hook, Pa. * J O H N C, A S K A M , The Ohio Oil Co ; I. L. U 1SIN G E R , Socony-Vacuum Oil Secretary--F. G. W IL SO N , American Petroleum Instituir, N ew York, N. Y. Chairman lmen las--ROY S. HONSIH, Soarjwkde, N. Y. Co., Inc.; H . T . M A R K E E , Phillips Petroienm Co.; E. R. M cL E A N . W hite Star Div.. Socony-Vacimm Oil Co., Inc.; C. A. MILLER, The T exas Co.; .1. M. D R O W N . Tide W ater Associated Oil Co.; II. W. R o t iti ESS. Sinclair Prairie Oil Cn. ; A. W. Vice-Chairman fo r Rradaclum--J. II, M cK K NZIK , Gvncnd Petroleum Corp., Los Afr gelcs, Calif. B R E E L A N O . Lune Star Gas Cn. ; R. 11. U O A PE R , llm nhlc Oil Rrtiuing Co.; G ERALD O. L O C K W O O D , Continental Casually Co.; R. W . III.ACK. Risso Slan.lai.l Oil Co.; C. L. H IG H T O W E R , United Gas Pipe Line Cn.; U. E. D O N O V A N . FiYc-C/niinmoi f a r Markclitot--A L E X IS OK T A R N O W S K Y , The Pure Oil Co., Oil* cago, HI. S \l Standard O il Cn. (C a l.); C LY D E W. SM IT H (R c lir c d ); G E O R G E E. P R U S S IN G . Consultant; V. R. C U R R IE . The Texas Co.; E. J. S E N N E (R etir ed ); II. I. W A L LACE. Sinclair Prairie Oil Co.; ROY S. RO NSII! (R etired). Kicc-C/uuYimm fur Life Lines-- \i. W . H K U G yU IS T , Interstate Oil Pipeline Co Shreveport, La. M Staff Representative-- ROY G. H EN SO N , National Safety Council, Chicago. III. Vice-Chairman for lixfloration ami Drilling--W. W. P U N C A N , LoOland Pros Co, I TliKa, Okln. Ptff'CVa/rwiM for Manufudurimj--J. H. Oi:EAUNK, Cities Service Corp., Tulwilcr Ke- V-i- . finery, Lake Charles, La. Chairman Atlantic Division--A. E. H A C C lN I, Tire Atlantic Uefmiug Co., Philadelphia, Hi Chairman Gulf Coast Division--R. L. C A R R U T H E K S , Shell Pipe Line Corp., Houston Tex. ChmMnuii Great Lakes Division--W. W. W H IT L O C K , Illinois Farm Supply Co., CM* cago, III. Chairman Mid-Continent Division-- F R E D C LA 1R O R N E, Slanolind Oil &* Gas Co, Tulsa, Okla. Chairman Pacific Const Division--I*'. M. M cC R A C K E N , Shell Oil Co., Los Angek^I Calif. Chairman Research Committee--W. O. W IL S O N , Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Cliicagi^li III. Chairman Enfjinetrimj Committee-- P A R K E R F O L SE , Magnolia Petroleum Co., lUUi', TcX. - "tv Visiud Aids Committee--J. R. M O R R ISO N (C hairm an), Shell Oil Co., New Yorf^ N. Y.; LE W IS A. M ARTIN (Co-Chairm an), Oklahoma A & M College, Stllwalc Okla. Chairman i ,h Committee--PR. II. IL R E E V E , Standard Oil Co. (Indiana), Cliicaj^j m i 0 00 3 ;u; . ' -j Officers of the PUBLIC UTILITIES SECTION N A T I O N A L SAFETY C O U N C I L 1951-52 Membership Committee--F. T. ELLENULKG (Chairman), Saiely Dir., Atlantic (jiiv I Electric Co., Atlantic City, N. J .; J. G. DICKINSON, Stipi, of Acr. I'n \, Wisconsin I // Electric Rower Co., Milwaukee, Wis.; II. A. RIOL KM Y, Safely Super., Public S n v - 1V* ice Co. of Northern Illinois, Chicago, Ili.; AMI.ES II. SII El IKE, Nafrlv Kriginiri. p` . Rural Electrification A<lm., Atlanta, Ga. | : Poster Committee-- E. M. C H A S E (Chairman), Safely Dir.. Central Vermont Rubli ' ' Service Corp., Rtilland, Vf. ; R A U L W IN D S O R , S a fely Eng., Bureau o f Safety, Chicago, III. General Chairman--\V. H. A D A M S , S afely Consultant, American Gas Association, New York, N. Y. Water Utilities Committee-- RONS. I. H UG IIK S, S a fely Engineer, Racihe R ow n X. Light Co., Public Service Bldg., Portland, (h e . j 'cc-Chairman--\V. T. ROGERS. Safety Consultant, Kbasco Services, Inc., New York, N. Y. .Yroviiiry--D. C. ST E W A R T , Niagara Mohawk Rower Corporation, Buffalo, N. Y. liMtiinfrriiig CoifmiiY/rr-- R O B E R T M cE L U O W N E Y , JR . (Chairman), S afely Dir., United Fuel Gas Company, Charleston, VV. Va.; F. II, La M ASTK R, Head, Safely & Job Training Section, Management Div., U. S. Dept, o f Agriculture, Rural Electrification Adin., Washington, D. C .; E V E R E T T R A V N , Dir. of Safety, Wisconsin Rower & Light Company. Madison, W is.; C. A. C O U T T S , Div. of Safety, Northern States Rower Co., Minneapolis, Minn.; L E S T E R L IN D , Safety Director, Michigan-Wisconsin Ripe Line Co., Detroit, Mich.' '/ Pufiiicity C o m m ittee- 1>AVH) A. I'LI'.M 1N< . S afely I*1 *n Specialist, U. S. Dep't ; ; .... o f Lahor, Htn. o f Labor Slnndard.s-Safch* Stai plaid.*;, Washington, H. C. ; H A R O l.H SY W. M A S T E R S , Safety Director, Asphmdh Tree. Export Co., Jcnkml*wn, Ra. h: ? Program Committee--W . S. K IT C H E N (Chairman), System S a fe ly Super,, Appalachian : T5' Electric Rower Co., Roanoke, V a .; W . E. B R O W N , Safety Dir.. Consolidated Edison V Co. o f N ew York, lue., New York, N, Y. ; R. R. D O U G L A S, S afely Dir., 'Hie Delta til 5;.. Edison Co., Detroit, Mich. 9-' Mews Letter Committee--JACK A P R E L (Chairman), Snpvr. of S afely. Conunomvcallh ... Edison Co., Chicago, Iti,; If. T. JA Y N E , Safely Super.. The EhilntMphin (a s W inks vf Co., Rliiladclpliia, Ra. Unta Sheet Subcommittee--F R E D E R IC K G. llA R R IM A N (C hainuan), Safely Mgr.,' Statistics tr: Contest Committee-- R. E. W A LTER (Chairm an), S a fely Direct'!, <hnaha New England Rower Service Co., Boston, Mass.*, H O W A R D K. COOK, Ass't Mgr., Public Rower District, Omaha, Neh.; M. M. M K llR lN G , Safety Snp'v, T he Ritti.i- Safely Oep't, Rliiladclpliia Electric Co., Rliiladclpliia, Ra. ; E U G E N E E. EDM O ND <lcl|)hia Gas W orks Co., Rliiladclpliia, Ra. SON1, Safety Director, T exas Eastern Transmission Corp., Shrcvc|>ort, La.; C. E. '. !>;. . MAMMON, Safety Dir., Columhus & Southern Ohio Electric Co., Columbus, Ohio.. * f/t. Special Pro jects Committee--L. C. S C H A FE R (Chairm an), Safely Sup v., Michigan JjV Gas Storage Co., Jackson, Mich.; R. S. M ETZGER, Dir. of Claims X* S afely. Toledo Safety Institution Card Subcommittee-- E. T . M A R S H A L L (Chairm an), System Safety.. f.y Edison Co., Toledo, O hio; C. A. RLSCIIBACK, S a fely Supvr., Southern California Eng., Pennsylvania Electric Co., Johnstown, P a.; F O R R E S T D. N O RBERG , Safety . ' Edison Co., Alhambra, C alif,; V. L. W O M EL D O R EF, S a fely Director, Illinois Rower Dir., Utah Rower & Light Co., Sait Lake City, U tah; W IL L IA M J. E A S T O N , Dir.'of 1 Co., Decatur, III;; E. JO H N A L B I, Safely Supvr. City of Scalile, Dep't *f Lighting, Are. Rre., The Cincinnali Gas & Electric Co., Cincinnali, Ohio. Scalile, Wash. ft; . Safety ideas Committee--R. K. C O NN (C hairm an), Supvr, of Training & Safety, Rower , Members-at'L a rg e-- B. A. T H Q R N IO N , Sonili Bend, Ind.; I', A. A l.R L K T Y , ( o - Station Dept., Dmpicsnc Light Co., Pittsburgh, R a .; E U G E N E D. M cA T EE , Asst Vice Rrcs. & Safely Dir., The L. E. Myers Cm, Chicago, III.; C. D. MURDOCK, Safely Supvr., Kansas City Rower X: Light Co., Kansas City, Mo.; K. 11. ELFSTROM, Supvr. of Industrial Safety, British Columbia Electric Railway Co. Lid., Vancouver, B. C. >' liimluis Ohio. t,v- A ; Councilors (l*ast Generai Chairmen)---191(1-17, J. B. D O U G L A S ; I'M1* 20. W IL l.lS Mm LACI LAN ; 1925-26, B. B. M yCULLO CH ; 1920-27. G EO R G E ( H'R ; R'27 2K. t:. J. R U T L A N D ; 1928-29, II. !*. W E B B ; V m - M . E. S. B I'.A U M i 'X T ; I'U l.R G. A. D O E L L E U ; RXY-.Tt, C. B. HODLE.T: RU-l-.tS. E. .1. K R K Il; RM5-.9. KnY / * ituli .U d Committee--A. B. L A R SE N (C hairm an), Supvr., Safely X* Training Div., M. G O D W IN ; RUH-.E\ R, S. M ETZG ER; fu.W 1(1, H. A. RT< I'Mtl II, C.is|. Urpl., Conimmiweallii Edison Lo., Lhirago, 111.; t .. R, S IIIR L Y , Safety Dir., C H A R L E S S. B O W D E N ; R H I-I.\ R. E G 11 A S S E AK'I . ; PM* iy | i r . DDN Gulf Stales Utilities Co., Beaumont, T e x .; C. W. R R O V O N C U E E , Rers. Dir., Provi C A N ; 19<|J~`I-1, E. S. M IN E R : M9H-O, J. !'. O 'B R IE N ; I 9 Io-I/\ I O. I.ESI .1K ; dence Gas Co., Providence, R. E; I). E. H U S K , Safety Dir., New Jersey Rower X I9d7-d8, J. l. P O R C H E R ; 19-18-19, E. !.. F IT Z G E R A L D ; 19)9-50, J O H N Mar I.'gin Co, Dover, N. J, L E L L N ; 1950-51, 1C H. H A N N A F O K D . ') Health Committee--DR. H A R T E. E tS H E R (Chairm an), Medical Dept., Chicago Tran- ' Authority, Chicago, II!., DR. H. R. M cK E E N , Med. Dir., Public Service Co. of Colorado, Denver, Colo. Training Committee--R. M. G E N T Z E L (Chairm an), S afely Coordinator, Ohio Edison. Co., Akron, Ohio; J. M. FALLS, Dir. of S afety S: Training, Northern Indiana Public Service ( Hammond, Ind. ; JA M E S B. H A LL , Mgr. of Ace. Rre., Equitable Gas C o, Pitti gli. Pa.; D. E. A L B E R T S O N , Safety Engineer, Pennsylvania Rower L* Light Co., Hazelton, Pa. * Special Representatives--\V. I*. BRO W N (( hairr an. Arc. I'rc. Commillee J '. l ) , S alelv ., Director, Consolidated bali sou Co. of New York, Inc., Nr w York, N. Y. : A. SID:Yl*;\ H A N C O C K (Chairman. Ace. Rre. Committee Safely. |.iif Island ' Lighting Co., Mincoia, N. Y. Staff Representative--GEORGE MacD O N A L D , National S afelv l omn 1, ( cag*, Ilf. .1 Deceased. ' o o o...: 1 1 ) rt Officers of the I ' R A ILR O A D SECTION N A T I O N A L S A F E T Y C O U N C I L 19 51-52 ; (.ntrrnl Chairman--L. F. H O F F M A N , Si, Louis Soullnvcslcrn Railway Lines, Tyler, Tex.' j*. I'iff'Ciwirinan-- R. C. S A B E N S , The New York, Chicago and St. Lotus Railroad Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Secretary and N ew s Letter Editor-- R. S. JA M E S, Denver and Rio Grande Weslern Railroad Company, Denver, Colo. . { ssocinlinn f.inison Committee--*A. V. ROMWKDF.R (Chairmati), Ditlnlh, Missahe and lion Range Railway Company, Diilitlh Minn.; *D. I*., M U M FO R D ( Vice-Chairman), New Yorlc Central System, New Yorfc, N. Y .; C. M. K IM BALL, Southern Railway System, Washington, L). C. Contest Connnitfer--*C. 1.. La F O U N T A IN E (Chairm an), The Great Northern Railway Company, St. Raul. Minn.; G. VV. K LST E (Vice-Chairm an), The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, Md. ; C. M. K IM BALL, Southern Railway Sys tem, Washington, D. C. ; IL R. C A L L A H A N , The Pullman Company, Chicago, III,;; D. W. NAFF, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Roanoke, Va. i ilm and Sound Committee-- R. I. G R E E N F IE L D (Chairman), The Canadian Pacific Railway,,M ontreal, Quebec; E. H . B L E W E R (Vice-Chairm an), N ew York Central , System, New York, N. Y. ; R. S. JA M E S . Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, Denver, Colo.; M. A. N U G E N T , The Southern Pacific Company, San Fran-, cisco. C al; E. J. F L A H E R T Y , (.chigh Valley Railroad, New York, N . Y .; J. E. SL A V E N , Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad. Chicago, III. Highway-Railway Crossing Committee--C. M. K IM B A L L (Chairman) Southern Rail way System, Washington. D. C .; *G. W. E L S T E (Vice-Chairm an), The Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, Baltimore, M d.; C. T . D eW IT T , Northern Pacific Rail way Company, St. Paul, Minn.; E. L. D U G G A N , The Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway Company, Chicago, III; *R. P. H A M IL T O N , St. Louis-San Francisco Rail way Company, Si. L n u i\ Mo.; D. K. M U M F O U D , New York Central System, New York, N. Y. ; J. F.. SI.AV F.N, Chicago, Burlington ami Quincy Railroad, Chicago, III.; J. P. W A D SW O R TH , Canadian National Railways, Montreal, Quebec; J. T. WIL LIAM S, The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. Health Committee--C. M. O'DONNH1L, M.D. (Chairman), New York Central System, Detroit, Mich. Membership Committee--*\V. JI. R O B E R T S (C hainuan), Chicago and Norlli Western Railway System, Chicago, III; L. H . P1C K R Y L (Vice-Chairm an), The River Ter minal Railway Company. Cleveland, O hio; L. J. B E N S O N , The Cliicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, III; F R A N K L. W IN E G A R , The Chicago. South Shore and S ou th `Bend Railroad Company, Michigan City, Im l; F. R. C A L LAH AN, The Pullman Company Cliicago, III; D. P. BR O W D E R , Richmond, t Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad Company. Richmond, Vn.; W. C. LARAW AY, V The Delaware and Hudson Railroad Corporation, Albany, N. Y. j i Nominations and {.`{citions Committee--*J, R. T IIF .X T O N (Chairman), The Delaware, j i Lackawanna and Western Railroad Company, Hoboken, N. j .; *D. E. MUM FORD / | \ (Vice-Chairman), New York Central System, N ew York, N. Y.; ^ROBERT SCOTT. ; U Atlantic Cr Line Railroad, Wilmington, N . C. ; *W. H . R O B E R T S, Chicago and!'* Norili We Railway System, Chicago. HL; *K. P. H A M IL T O N , St. Louis-San ' r Francisco k....,vay Company, St. Louis, Mo. I \ ) ) Program Committee- *}. R. T IIK N T O N (t liah man). The Delaware, I.;id;t\yanna ami Western Railroad Company, llohokcu, N. 1.. C. H A H N l-Y ' (\icv -C h a iim .m ), Elgin, Joliet and Eastern Railway Comjiany, Joliet, 111.; J*. 1C C A L L A H A N , Ihe Pullman Companj', Chicago, III.; *J. R. T E N N E Y , T lic W estern Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, M d .; F. 13. L E W IS , Union Pacific Railroad Company, Oinalm, N e b .; E. E. S E Y F A R T H , Bell Railway-Chicagfc & W estern Indiana Railroad, Chi cago, Ilf.; *W . H. R O B E R T S, Chicago and North W estern Railway System, Chicago, III.; *R. P. H A M IL T O N , St. Louis-San Francisco Railway Company, St. Louis, Mo. Poster Committee--M. A. N U G E N T (Chairm an), The Southern Pacific Company, San Francisco, Cal.; R. S. JA M E S (Vice-Chairman), Denver and Rio Grande Western Railroad Company, Denver, Colo.; G. R. IIU N T O O N , Chicago, Ivnrk Island and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, III.; L. 11. H A R P E R , Illinois Central Railroad, Chicago, 111.,* O. R. D IA M O N D , Kansas Cily Southern Railway Company, Shriveport, La.; B. A. M eD O N A L D , M issoiiri-Pacilic-Tcxas Lines, Dallas, Trx. Safe Practices Pa-mfrhtets Committee--J. P. W A D S W O R T H (C hairm an), Canadian N a tional Railways, Montreal, Quebec; G. M. D E M P S E Y ( Vice-Chairm an), Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad Company, Chicago, III. j A. E. D U N C A N , The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company, Grand Rapids, M ich.; C. J>. BLUE, Chicago and Eastern Illinois Raihnad Company, Danville. III.; W. G. I.A N D R A M , Wahnsh Railroad Company, St. I M u . Safety Devices Committee-- E. E. S E Y F A R T H (Chairm an), Belt Kailway-Chicagu & Western Indiana Railroad, Chicago, III.; G. C. S T R O M S O E (Vice-Chairm an), A t lantic Coast Line Railroad Company, Wilmington. N. C .; G. A. R O B IN S O N , 7*hc Chesapeake ami Ohio Railway Company, Riehmond. V a.; R. II. SH O U T , 'Phe Nash ville, Chattanooga and St. Louis Railway Company, Nashville, Trim .; S. S. S A N D FO R D, The Central Railroad Company of N ew Jersey, Jersey City, N. J.; J. T. W IL L IA M S, The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, Pa. Safety Instruction Card and Safeiygraph Committee--J. E. T O O llE Y (Chairman), New York, N ew Have and H artford Railroad Company, N e w 'H a v e n , Conn.; C. T, DeW IT T (Vice-Chairm an), Northern Pacific Railway Company, St. Paul, Minn.; J. A. F L E T C H E R , The Toronto, Hamilton and ihifi:ilo Railway Company, Hamilton, Ontario; A. J. B E N S A IA , Boston and Maine Railroad Company, Boston, Mass.; H. A . L IN D E R E R , St, Louis-San Francisco Railway Conijemy, St. Louis, Afo. Statistics Committee-- *J- R- T E N N E Y (Chairm an), The W estern Maryland Railway Company, Hagerstown, Md.; D. C. IR V IN G (V ice-C hairm an), The Pennsylvania Railroad, Philadelphia, P a.; 13. A. G R U BB S, Norfolk and Western Railway Company, Roanoke, V a .; S. D. C O U LT O N , The N ew York, Chicago and St. Louis Railroad Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Trespassing Committee--*W. II. RO BERTS (Chairman), Chicago and North Western Railway System, Chicago, 111.; C A PT. J. R. N U T T E R (V ice-C hairm an). Kentucky and Indiana Terminal Railn >ad Company, Louisville. K y .; C. M. K IM BA LL , South ern Railway System, Washington, D. C .; M. BRA CY, Southern Railway Svslem, Ciucinuati, O hio; H O M ER C O N N O R , The Baltimore ami Ohio Uuihoad Company, Baltimore, Mil.; Jl. (3. D A U L IO N , 7`hc Louisville and Nashville R'aihoad Compauv. Louisville, Ky. Staff Representative--L. W. D U T T O N , National S afely Council, Chicago, 111. Past General Chau man r. Officers of the TEXTILE SECTION N A T I O N A L SAFETY C O U N C I L 1951-52 General Chairman--N E IL N E L SO N , District Engineering Manager, American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Manchester, N. H. Pice-Chairman f o r Membership-- RO BE R T l. BAR R, S afety Supervisor, Industrial Rayon Corporation, Paincsvillc, Ohio. Membership Associates--L E W IS P. SORRELL, Deputy Commissioner, North Carolina Department of I-abor, Raleigh, N. C.; H A R O L D E, H A Y D E N , S afely Training & Medical Director, Columbian Rope Company, Auburn, N. Y. Secretary--CH A R L ES L. TR O M M ER , Chief, S a fely Branch, Personnel Department, Mohawk Carpet Mills, Amsterdam, N. Y. New s Letter and Publicity Editor--A R T H U R A, K IN S M A N , S afety Director, Crown Manufacturing Company, Pawtucket, R. I. Associate Editor-- R IC H A R D CL M O RRIS, Robert E. Coleman, luc.. New York City. Statistical and Contest Com mittee--J. W. S T E W A R T , Assistant Manager, Industrial Relations Division, Carter Operating Group, J. P. Stevens & Company, Inc., Greens* boro, N. C. Program Committee-- H. S. BAUCOM, Safety Director, North Carolina Industrial Com mission, Raleigh. N. C. Off-the-Job Com mittee-- EK ANC ES U E T H U N E , R.N., Employers Mutual Liability Insurance Co., Charlotte, N. C. Health Committee-- DR. S T A N L E Y S P R A G U E , Medical Director, J & P Coals, Inc., Pawtucket, R. L Pisual Education Committee--JO SE P H A. W IN K L E R , Assistant Southern Division Manager, American Mutual Liability Insurance Company, Atlanta, Ga. Engineering ComimVfcc-- W ILLIAM CL E N N IS , Deputy Commissioner, Department of Labor, Hartford, Conn. Engineering Associate-- E. L. PKKMKNTKR, Supervisor Loss Prevention Dept., Liberty Mutual Insurance Company, Spartanburg, S. C\ Synthetic Eibre Committee--G L E N N (L ELEM ING, Safety Director, Celaucsc Corpora tion of /vine ic.'s New Vviik, N. Y. IPool and Worsted Committee--*JOHN J. BURGER, Safety Director, W . J. Dickcly & Sons, Oclln, Baltimore County, fv^d. Trade ,ls'- 'ilum.r (.'tnuniUee - I*. M. W E L P T O N , V ice-!'resident, thread npany. New York, N. Y .; A. W A I S O N C .O C K O hl, Spinning /Associates, Inc., Providence, R. I. The American Berkshire I'ii ('/foil ('-It, r .,, r n u i ' S T N. PE T T Y , S afely Director, Dan River Mills, Danville, Va. ) l : t Dyeing and Finishing Committee--EARLE D. SYLVIA, Personnel Director, Jhadfon Dyeing Association (U.S.A.), Westerly, R. I. Membcrs-at-Largc--*C. J. IIYSLUP, Safely Director, Chatham Manufacturing Company, Elkin, N. C.; ROBERT M. MURRAY, j Chief, Division of industrial inspection. Department of Labor, Providence, R. I.; *ff. E. WILLIAMS, Safely Director, Field- crest Mills, Division of Marshall Field & Company, Inc., Spray, N. C .; *JC. (*. PADGETT, Safety Engineer, Employers .Mutual Liability Insurance Coinpnnv o( Wisconsin, Charlotte, N. C.; FRANCKS BETHUNE, R.N., Employers Mutual Lia bility Insurance Company of Wisconsin, Charlotte, N. C.; J. D. BROWN, Safety 5 Director, American Enka Corj., Euka, N. C .; T. R. IPOCK, JR., Director Industrial Relations, Firestone Textiles, Gastonia, N. C .; SARAH VAN SANT, R.N., Super vising Nurse, Graiiilcvillc Company, Granitevillc, S. C. S taff R epresentative--ARTHUR S. KELLY, National Safely Council, Chicago, III. V- Pul Crucial Chuinun V i: Si. l