Document K64ak6q0JoQNNZOLdBXoyqmm0

leveling off had been expected and that an increase will come later, the discouraging aspect of such a plateau may be avoided, with learning then proceeding more easily and ef ficiently Demonstrating to the worker the achievements he is making through production curves, which are in effect learning curves, gives the worker knowledge of results, and this is a motivating factor for future learning Practice. The safety professional is mteiested in developing in an individual safe habit patterns which will become almost automatic in his work methods Merely putting a worker through sufficient training sessions is not enough Despite his apparent mastery, the next time through the work he may make one or more mistakes To ensure firmly en trenched habit patterns, the worker must practice The Job Instruction Training pro grams include one of the important aspects of training, namely, follow-up by the foreman This is for no other purpose than to ensure mastery Within a reasonable time, depend ing on the job complexity, this follow-up may become unnecessary Take, for example, a simple task such as bicycle nding A youngster, in learning to nde a bicycle, needs to know how to balance, how to get on, how to get off, and how to stop, and he must learn all of these things as part of the total process Perhaps he begins with balancing, then the start and stop, and then how to get on and off Once he has ac complished Jill of these, he is not immediately left to himself He needs several more ses sions to ensure that he is doing it correctly This, m effect, is reinforcement by practice Furthermore, the youngster himself keeps practicing each time he goes out to nde So it is also with the individual on the job Whole os. part learning. Whole or part learning has been a knotty problem for in dustrial trainers for many years Whether trainers should teach the procedure as a whole or break it down and teach it part-by-part is the quesbon There is no best answer Both methods have advantages and disadvantages depending upon job complexity, the trainee, and the land of job breakdown used Per haps a combinabon of the two is best, using the whole method, but with sufficient flexi bility to emphasize meaningful parts of the task wherever necessary Meaningfulness. Studies in verbal learning have demonstrated the importance of the meaningfulness of the material to be learned Meaningfulness is important m safety educa tion because the worker needs to understand why a certain procedure is better than an other Adequate explanation of a given movement or change in posibon, in terms of the hazards eliminated, with no decrease in production, gives meaningfulness to the pro cedure With this understanding, the worker wdl be motivated to learn the safe procedure Without it, he will be inclined to ublize his own method unbl he learns, perhaps by an accident, the inadequacy of it The safety professional and line supervisor in safety programs should not forget the ad vantage of workers' understanding the reason for protective clothing, safety devices, safety meetings, and discussions, as well as the need for full and complete accident reports Meaningfulness to management and work ers is understanding the value of a reduction of accidents, fewer disabilities, and retention of earning power Selective learning. Out of each day's many experiences, people select those which they desire to retain This probably is related to motivation more than to anything else, and for that reason mobvational aspects of a train ing program need to be considered Safety burners must be sure that the workers retain the most important facts Relating subject matter to individual needs will ensure the proper selechon Frequency. Everyone is aware of the fact that he does best those things which he practices the most This principle is certainly important to the safety professional for it emphasizes the neces sity of frequent applicahons of safety rules and regulations in the training program Fre quent reference to the various kinds of prob lems, hazards, and procedures to eliminate accidents ensures greater effect than just a one-exposure routine Giving the worker a copy of the safety rules and regulabons in hopes that he will learn them and use them 259