Document Jvd0OQVdLBBja0bLRXwr2R002

EVALUATION OF EXPOSURES TO AIRBORNE FIBERS DURING REMOVAL OF ASBESTOS-CONTAINING RESILIENT FLOOR TILES USING EQUIPMENT SUPPLIED BY UAS AUTOMATION SYSTEMS ACCORDING TO RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES Prepared for Resilient Floor Covering Institute Rockville, MD Armstrong World Industries, Inc. Lancaster, PA Prepared by ENVIRON Corporation Arlington, VA October 26, 1990 CONTENTS Page I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY H. INTRODUCTION A. Background B. Sample Collection and Analysis HI. RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR FLOOR TILE REMOVAL IV. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT V. STUDY DESIGN % . VL RESULTS vn. CONCLUSIONS APPENDIX Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Floor Tiles 1) Resilient Floor Covering Institute (February 1990) 2) Armstrong World Industries (March 1990) 1 3 3 4 6 7 9 11 15 A-l A-2 A-22 -u- EN VIRON M L EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Removal of asbestos-containing floor tiles in an occupational setting is subject to the standard set by die Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for occupational exposure to asbestos in the construction industry (29 CFR 1926.58). This standard requites employers to assure that worker exposures to asbestos do not exceed die permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 0.2 fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) of air for an 8-hour time weighted average (TWA) or the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc averaged over a 30-minute period.1 The OSHA asbestos standard requires initial monitoring of employee exposure at the start of a job to determine whether employee exposure exceeds either the action level (0.1 f/cc for an 8-hour TWA), or the excursion limit (1.0 f/cc over 30 minutes). The standard also provides that, in lieu of initial monitoring, an employer may rely upon objective or historical data, conducted under substantially similar workplace conditions, to demonstrate that the action level and excursion limit are not exceeded. In a previous study,2 ENVIRON had shown that floor die removal with hand scrapers without heating of using hot-air blowers would meet the OSHA standards and OSHA agreed that such data could be used as historical data in lieu of conducting initial monitoring to satisfy the monitoring requirements of the OSHA standard (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(ui)) for removal of resilient floor tiles. To determine whether other heating methods would give similar results, ENVIRON Corporation was retained by the Resilient Floor Covering Institute (RFCI) and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (Armstrong) to design and cany out a study of worker exposures to airborne asbestos during removal of asbestos-containing resilient floor tiles by infrared heating technology following the operating instructions recommended by UAS Automation Systems, Inc., the manufacturer of the ATR Model 910 tile removal equipment, pursuant to work practices recommended by RFCI and Armstrong ("Recommended Work Practices," see Appendix). 1 OSHA has recently proposed to lower the PEL to 0.1 f/cc (55 FR 140:29720, Julv 20, 1990). 2 ENVIRON Corporation. 1989. Evaluation of exposure to airborne fibers during removal of resilient floor tiles using Recommended Work Practices. Washington, DC: ENVIRON. April 3. -1- ENVIRON Removal of the floor tiles utilized infrared heating equipment to loosen the bonding mastic and permit removal of the enure tile `as an intact unit. -This report presents an analysis of fiber exposures to floor mechanics during the removal of resilient floor tiles pursuant to the manufacturer's operating guidelines and floor industry Recommended Work Practices, in which the UAS machine serves as the radiant heat source. The highest observed TWA (assuming no background concentration), as determined by Phase-Contrast Microscopy (PCM), was 0.0176 floe, which is less than 20% of die OSHA action level. The observed exuusiou level was less than the detection limit of 0.0158 f/cc (i.e., no different from the TWA), which is less than 2% of the OSHA excursion limit concentration. Based on the uniformly low occupational exposure levels, no additional floor tile removal studies with the UAS tile removal equipment were deemed necessary at this time. This study shows that the action level and excursion limit for exposure to asbestos fibers were not exceeded when performing floor tile removal activities utilizing the UAS Automation Systems ATR Model 910 as a heat source in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices. Consequently, removal of floor tiles using the UAS ATR Model 910 should enjoy the same exemption from initial monitoring as do other approved methods, when performed in accordance with Recommended Work Practices. -2- EN VIRON H. INTRODUCTION ? A. Background In order to provide a better evaluation of the potential exposure to airborne asbestos and other types of fibers when recommended removal procedures are followed, die Resilient Floor Covering Institute and Armstrong World Industries, Inc. requested ENVIRON Corporation to design and conduct a scientifically valid study of exposures to fibers during the removal of a&estos-cootaining resilient floor tiles using infrared heating technology. Such dies, although so longer manufactured, are still in place in homes, institutions, and commercial or industrial establishments. When new flooring is installed, removal of an existing resilient floor covering may be necessary. The Recommended Work Practices, however, advise that floor die removal should be conducted only if new flooring cannot be installed directly on top of the existing floor. The floor mechanics who remove the dies are potentially exposed to airborne asbestos fibers during the removal process. Consequently, the removal process in an occupational setting is subject to die regulations of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) dot limit employee exposures to airborne asbestos. OSHA has issued two standards regulating occupational exposures to asbestos, one for general industry (29 CFR 1910.1001) and one specifically for die construction industry (29 CFR 1926.58). The sponsors have developed specific work practices recommended for resilient floor tile removal that are to be used whether or not the floor tiles contain asbestos (see Appendix). They also specifically recommend against employing extremely aggressive removal techniques, which are no more effective than the recommended techniques, but carry a greater potential for adversely affecting the integrity of the resilient floor tiles. In an earlier report,3 ENVIRON found that removal of tiles with hand scrapers without heating or using hot-air blowers would meet the OSHA standards. The current study investigated whether results would be similar with infrared heating. 3 ENVIRON Corporation. 1989. Evaluation of exposure to airborne fibers during removal of resilient floor tiles using Recommended Work Practices. Washington, DC: ENVIRON. April 3. -3- EN VIRON B. Sample Collection and Analysis ENVIRON has designed and conducted experiments on the removal of asbestos- containing floor dies according to the Recommended Work Practices and equipment operating guidelines suggested by the manufacturer of the die removal equipment. Industrial Health Incorporated (IHI) was engaged by ENVIRON to conduct all air monitoring. Air sampling was performed prior to and during each removal operation to monitor the concentration of airborne asbestos fibers. Six types of air samples were collected during resilient floor die removals: overnight baseline samples in the work area prior to removal; perimeter samples outside of the work area during removal; * outdoor area samples during removal; * personal samples on each of two workers during removal; * personal samples on one individual acting as a supervisor or observer, who spent a significant amount of time in the immediate work area, although she was generally not directly involved in the actual removal; and one 30-minute personal sample on a worker. All area samples were collected by setting the sampling apparatus in a stationary location. Filters were held on stands placed at random locations in the room. Personal air sampling monitors were attached to each worker or observer with the filter located within the individual's breathing zone, as defined by OSHA. In each case, two samples were collected side-by-side for analysis by phase contrast microscopy (PCM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All air samples intended for PCM analysis were collected in accordance with NIOSH Method 7400. Samples were collected on Millipore 25 mm diameter, 0.8 nm pore size, mixed cellulose ester membrane filters in cassettes with conductive cowls. Samples intended for TEM analysis were collected in accordance with EPA's Interim Transmission Electron Microscopy Analysis Method. These samples were collected on Millipore 25 mm diameter, 0.45 urn pore size, mixed cellulose ester fiber filters with 0.8 nm backup filters in cassettes with conductive cowls. All samples were collected using cassettes in the opr"-face ENVIRON ,. configuration. Further details concerning'the sampling procedures followed by IH3 are Jr provided in a companion volume.4 Four separate bulk samples of the adhesive material were taken for polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis. Analysis of the samples was made using a polarizing light microscope and dispersion raining objective in accordance with guidelines set forth in the EPA Interim Method for the Determination of Asbestos in Bulk Insulation Samples (40 CFR, Part 763, Subpart F, Appendix A - 7-1-87 Edition). All air monitoring samples, with the exception of the outdoor area samples, were shipped by Federal Express to RJ Lee Group, Inc. (RJ Lee) for independent laboratory analysis. Blank filters were submitted to the analytical laboratory for analysis with the samples. For PCM analysis, one hundred fields were counted at a magnification of 400X following the roles outlined in NIOSH Method 7400. The method requires that 100 fields be counted unless fiber counts are sufficiently high to provide reliability with fewer fields. A minimum of 20 fields must be counted under any circumstances. All fibers or fiberiike panicles measuring at least 5 jim in length and having a 3-to-l lengih-to-width aspect ratio were counted. For TEM analysis, if necessary, samples are analyzed using proposed EPA Level. II analysis. The analysis for asbestos fibers consists of fiber morphology, visual selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and elemental chemical analysis by energy ' dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), supplemented by the measurement and interpretation of micrographs of several SAED pattens. The samples are analyzed at a magnification of 20000X. Particles longer than 5 nm meeting the definition of a fiber length-to-width aspect ratio of greater than 3-to-l and having substantially parallel sides are classified as chrysodle or amphiboie following definitions developed by Yamate5. Structures containing such asbestos fibers are classified in conformance with the definitions in the EPA Interim Method. 4 ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting for evaluation of exposures to airborne fibers during removal of resilient floor tiles using equipment supplied by UAS Automation Systems. Arlington, VA: ENVIRON. October 26. 5 Yamaie, G.. S.C. Agarwal, and R.D. Gibbons. Methodology for the Measurement of Airborne Asbesi^o Fibers by Electron Microscopy. EPA Contract No. 68-02-3266. -5- ENVIRON EH. RECOMMENDED WORK PRACTICES FOR FLOOR TELE REMOVAL According to recommendations by the door manufaemrers, existing resilient ole doors should be left in place, whenever possible, and the new floor adhered directly to the tile following the manufacturer's directions. In the event the existing tile must be removed, . RFCI and Armstrong have developed work practices for controlling asbestos exposures potentially resulting from floor tile removal that are designed to assure compliance with the OSHA standards governing exposure to asbestos. These Recommended Work Practices (see Appendix), which continue to evolve from earlier recommendations, prohibit sanding or otherwise abrading the tile surface, and call for the use of other, less aggressive techniques to facilitate removal of tiles intact. Included among these, for example, are techniques designed to loosen the undeflying floor tile adhesive by healing the more firmly attached tiles with a hot air blower or heating element prior to removal attempts. Additional exposure protection is provided through advice on practices to follow before and after removal of the floor tile. The floor must be vacuumed before and after removal with a High Efficiency Paniculate Air (HEPA) vacuum cleaner. Removed tiles are to be carefully placed into old tile boxes at periodic intervals to eliminate breakage, and then the full boxes should be placed in labeled, impermeable trash bags. In addition, both the HEPA vacuum bag and any floor sweepings must be disposed of in a labeled, impermeable trash bag. These practices bdp to minimise air entrainment of any asbestos or other fibers that may be present on or beneath the floor during and after tile removal. Additional details regarding die Recommended Work Practices for both RFCI and Armstrong are provided in the Appendix. -6- ENVIRON IV. REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT la 1972, OSHA promulgated a standard dealing with occupational exposures to asbestos for all industries covered by the Act (Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970). On June 20, 1986 and September 14, 1988, OSHA issued revised standards relating to occupational exposures to asbestos for both general industry (29 CFR 1910.1001) and for the construction industxy (29- CFR 1926.58). The 1972 standard established a permissible exposure limit (PEL) of 2 fibers/cc (f/cc) as an 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA). The present standards, among other things, reduced the PEL to 0.2 floe as an 8-hour TWA and set an excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc average over a 30 minute sampling period. OSHA has also set an action level of 0.1 f/cc calculated as an 8-bour TWA (29 CFR 1926.58(b)). Although the general industry standard is similar, further references will cite the construction standard only, because removal of asbestos-containing resilient floor tiles is classified as a construction activity according to OSHA. The standard for die construction industry requires that each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by the standard must, with certain exceptions described below, perform initial monitoring to determine die airborne concentrations of asbestos to which employees may be exposed (29 CFR I926.58(f)(2)(i)). When the action level of 0.1 f/cc or the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc is exceeded, the employer must continue to perform initial monitoring at the initiation of subsequent new asbestos jobs. Employee training, and under certain circumstances, medical surveillance are also required when exposures exceed the action level. When the PEL of 0.2 f/cc is exceeded, the employer must establish a demarcated, regulated area to which access is limited to authorized persons supplied with respirators (29 CFR 1926.58(e)). Certain additional conditions also apply to a regulated area. When the results of continued periodic monitoring reveal that employee exposures, by statistically reliable measurements, are below the action level and the excursion limit, initial monitoring of continued activities may be discontinued (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(4)). OSHA provided two exceptions to the requirement for initial monitoring: where objective data demonstrate that employee exposures are below the action level and excursion limit (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(ii); or -7- EN VIRON  where the employer has historical monitoring data to rely upon in lieu of initial monitoring (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)(iii). The regulation states, in pertinent pan (29 CFR 1926.58(f)(2)): (2) tonal.Monitoring: (i)Each employer who has a workplace or work operation covered by this standard, except as provided for in paragraphs ff)(2)(ii) and (f)(2)(iii) of this section, shall perform initial monitoring at the initiation of each asbestos, tremolite, antfaopbyilite, or actinolite job to accurately determine the airborne concentrations of asbestos, tremolite, anthopfayllite, or actinolite to which employees may be exposed. (ii)The employer may demonstrate that employee exposures are below that action level and/or excursion limit by means of objective data demonstrating that the product or material containing asbestos, tremolite, anthopbyllite, actinolite, or a combination of these minerals cannot release airborne fibers in concentrations exceeding the action level and/or excursion limit under those work conditions having the greatest potential for releasing asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite. (iii)Where the employer has monitored each asbestos, tremolite, anthophyllite, or actinolite job for the TWA, and where he has monitored after March 14, 1988, for. the excursion limit, and the data were obtained during.work operations conducted under workplace conditions closely resembling the processes, type of material, control methods, work practices, and environmental conditions used and prevailing in the employer's current operations, the employer may rely on such earlier monitoring results to satisfy the requirements of paragraph (f)(2)(i) of this section. OSHA did not provide a specific definition for such exceptions in its 1986 regulations. However, OSHA has recently determined6 that a previous ENVIRON study7 evaluating exposure to airborne fibers during resilient floor tile removal did provide historical data. Data presented in this study of resilient floor tile removal were collected in much the same manner as in the previous study. 6 Letter from Thomas J. Shepich, OSHA, to William B. King, Armstrong, dated October 27, 1989; letter from Thomas J. Shepich, OSHA, to Walter D. Anderson, RFCI, dated February 6, 1990. 7 ENVIRON Corporation. 1989. Evaluation of worker exposure to airborne fibers during removal of resilient floor tiles using Recommended Work Practices. Washington. DC: ENVIRON. April 3. -8- ENVIRON V. STUDY DESIGN e On May 22 and 23, 1990, a resilient floor tile removal study was conducted at the Mountviile Church of the Brethren in I-ancastcr County, Pennsylvania. The removal activity occurred in die main floor classroom of the church. The room contained white and green, 9" square tiles that were identified as having been manufactured by Armstrong. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency and safety of tile removal equipment, using inflated radiant heating technology, to remove asbestos-containing resilient floor die. TOe removal was to be performed in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices and equipment operating guidelines provided by UAS Automation Systems, the manufacturer of the ATR Model 910 equipment. Tiles were heated to temperatures in excess of 400F in order to loosen the underlying mastic and effect proper die removal. The work area was prepared on May 22nd by removing all materials and furniture within the study area. All entrances into the room were sealed with polyethylene sheeting and tape. The work areas were thoroughly cleaned by wet mopping and HEPA vacuuming at this time in order to minimize any sources of ambient asbestos other than the dies that might affect the monitoring results. Otherwise, the floors were not specially prepared and were typical of floors requiring removal. Pre-work baseline samples were set up in the middle of the work area and allowed to run overnight Worker exposures during removal were monitored by placing personal samplers on the two workers. Two companion samplers were placed on each worker, one with a filter designed for PCM analysis and one designed for TEM analysis. An observer was similarly equipped with companion samplers. The sampling protocol for monitoring resilient floor die removal called for analysis of die PCM filter in all cases, but analysis of the TEM filter was not required unless the PCM results exceeded the OSHA criteria (0.1 f/cc for 8-hr TWA; 1.0 f/cc for 30-rain excursion sample). Because occupational exposures are regulated by OSHA according to PCM results, the TEM measurements are not directly relevant. However, in floor removals of this type, where non-asbestos fiber sources can be present, an elevated PCM reading is not necessarily indicative of elevated exposures to asbestos. The companion personal TEM samples were reserved only to determine whether any elevated PCM count observed was truly due to asbestos. In order to ascertain whether other sources of fibers were present in the study area, a pair of overnight area samples was collected prior to any removal activities. A pair of perimeter area samples was collected just -utside the -9- ENVIRON work area concurrent with the removal activity to assay for potential fiber sources near the study area. Although no outside source of asbestos was suspected (e.gM nearby demolition activity), a pair of outside samples were collected concurrent with die removal, but were not sent for analysis pending the PCM results. Again, the companion TEM area samples were to be analyzed only if the PCM readings were found to be elevated. -10- ENVIRON VI. RESULTS Fibers of asbestos and many other natural and man-made materials are found in virtually every type of environment, including structures where resilient tile floors might be removed. Many of these fibers would qualify for inclusion under the geometric counting rules of the OSHA standard, independent of their composition or origin. These fibers are not attributable to floor removal activities and should not be counted against compliance with the action level. Therefore, acquisition of background concentration data on qualifying fibers is necessary for interpreting the exposure results in floor removal operations. In this study, the background concentration was obtained from the pre-work baseline sample, which was taken prior to the floor removal operation and analyzed via PCM. PCM analysis of this baseline sample was observed to exceed the PCM analytical sensitivity (limit of detection). Therefore, calculation of airborne concentrations during removal must be modified to reflect this observed ambient fiber level. A more conservative calculation of net concentration in exposure samples can be obtained by assuming that the baseline concentration is 0.0 f/cc rather than die observed value. This provides a calculated net concentration that will be a maximum value. Some of the filters used in die personal monitors are made of materials that can be contaminated with asbestos fibers as well as other fibrous material prior to use. Such contamination should also not be attributable to floor removal activities and should not be counted against the action level. Therefore, a blank filter, which was not exposed to the work environment, was analyzed for fiber counts. No contamination of this filter was observed. To assure the relevance of the tests, the asbestos content of the floor tiles was also determined by polarized light microscopy (PLM) analysis of bulk samples. Because this determination is very sensitive to the method of sample preparation, two laboratories, RJ Lee and Dixon Information, Inc. (Dixon) were asked to analyze tile samples. RJ Lee also provided both ENVIRON and IH3 with PCM fiber counting results. For PCM analysis, concentrations reported in fibers per square millimeter (f/mnr) detected on the sample filters were convened to airborne fibers per cubic centimeter (f/cc) using the following relationship: C^ (f/cc) Cte (f/mnr) Filter Area (mm2) / Air Volume Sampled (cc) (1) -11- ENVIRON is the concentration of airborne fibers and Cto is the concentration of fibers analyzed on the sample filter. The total surface area of the sample filters is 491 mm1; however, 106 mm: of this area is shielded by the sampling cassette and cowling. Thus, 385 mm: of surface area were available for analysis. Sample volumes were reported by IHI in liters and were convened to cubic centimeters. The net PCM concentration is then obtained by subtracting the baseline concentration. For PLM analysis, results were reported as the percentage of asbestos and non-asbestos fibers (RJ Lee and Dixon data are in the companion volume8). An air sampling report prepared by IHI, covering the site description and a detailed presentation of the sampling procedures and findings, and analytical results of the fiber analyses conducted by R. J. Lee and results for bulk tile sample analysis by Dixon are provided in the companion report. Floor mechanics typically do not spend a full 8-hour shift at a job site but instead spend some of their tune enroute from and back to their home shop. Therefore, a final timeweighted averaging adjustment is necessary to account for the fact that the floor removal activities and the corresponding monitoring do not always extend over a full 8-hour workday. The TWA was calculated by assuming that all unsampled time, including lunch breaks away from the work area and transit time, would involve no work-related exposure to asbestos. Consequently, the TWA concentrations in this study are lower than the net concentrations by a factor of T/480, where Tis the actual sampling time in minutes and 480 is the number of minutes in an 8-hour workday. If foe mechanics should remain on-site to do additional work, such as installing a new floor in a small area, some residual fibers could remain in the air and exposure would be higher than the TWA as calculated but lower than the level measured over foe actual removal period. Without exception, all of the concentrations of airborne fibers experienced by the workers and observer, whether or not adjusted for TWA, are far below the OSHA criteria (0.1 f/cc as an 8-hr TWA; 1.0 f/cc as a 30-min Excursion Limit) by PGM analysis, even when assuming that foe background concentration was 0.0 f/cc. Therefore, none of foe TEM samples was analyzed. The highest observed TWA by PCM analysis was 0.0176 f/cc, less than 20% of the OSHA action level, when assuming no baseline concentration. The results for worker exposures in this study are summarized in Table 1. Due to the small number of samples, no statistical analysis was performed on these results. * ENVIRON Corporation. 1990. Supporting data for evaluation of exposures to airborne fibers during removal of resilient floor tiles using equipment supplied by UAS Automation Systems. Arlington, VA: ENVIRON. October 26. -12- ENVIRON A sample was talma specifically to examine short-term worker and observer exposures. The observed excursion level was less than the detection limit of 0.0158 flee, which is less than 2% of the excursion limit of 1.0 f/cc averaged over a 30-minute period. It should be noted that die sample concentration reported by RJ Lee for the excursion sample was below the analytical sensitivity of 7 f/mm1. Sample data are presented in Table 1. During this particular study, all participants noted an acrid smoke assumed to have come from the heating of the dies and/or the underlying asphaltic adhesive. Removal of the polyemylene door linen partially alleviated this problem, suggesting that the sealing of the room for purposes of the evaluation contributed to the buildup of smoke. TABLE 1 Adjusted Personal Monitoring Results for Worker and Observer Exposure During Removal of Resilient Tile Flooring with the ATR Model 910 from UAS Automation Systems Putnam to Industry Recommended Work Practices Sample Type Net PCM Conoeetiarioa (f/cc) 8-ffour TWA(f/oc) . fiante ratified firr Baseline Pasimear Worker #1 Worker #2 Observer Excursion ia-bwelm* ample 0.0066 0.0064 0.0136 0.0124 0.0083 <0.0092* N/A* N/A* 0.0119 0.0108 0.0072 N/A` Results uMimt that the h-eline concentration is 0.0 f/cc Bsanlmr Perimeter Worker #1 Worker #2 Observer Excursion 0.0 0.0130 0.0202 0.0190 0.0148 <0.0138* N/A* N/Ak 0.0176 0.0166 0.0129 N/A` Notes: * * Bulk samples taken of the resilient tile flooring were assayed at 10-18% chrysodle asbestos. PCM measures both asbestos and non-esbestos fibers greater than S ftm m length. 0.2S pm in width, and with a 3*to*l aspect ratio. Baseline samples wen taken overnight, prior to the removal activity. Perimeter samples were taken m an area adjacent to the study area. Activities performed by workers #1 and #2 are in scope and airborne exposures should be comparable. The observer was generally in the room throughout the removal activity and nay have participated in some removal activities, although to a leaser degree than the workers. Excursion level wsa determined for a 30-minute exposure period during the removal activity. The sample concentration reported by RJ Lee was below the analytical sensitivity of 7 f/mnr. Tbeae data are not applicable for these samples. -14- ENVIRO N vn. CONCLUSIONS Based on this analysis of results for exposures to asbestos and other fibers during removal of resilient floor tile using infrared radiant heating with the ATR Model 910 from UAS Automation Systems, ENVIRON concludes that exposures to fibers experienced by workers conducting resilient floor tile removal according to the floor manufacturer's Recommended Work Practices and operating guidelines supplied by the equipment manufacturer did not exceed the OSHA action level or excursion limit for the asbestos construction standard for protection of workers. The 8-hour TWA concentration was less than 20% of the OSHA action level when conservatively assuming that no ambient background fiber levels were present. Accounting for the observed baseline concentration gives a maximum TWA concentration that is less than 12% of the OSHA action limit. The observed excursion level was found to be less than 2% of the OSHA excursion limit. This study shows that the action level and excursion limit for exposure to asbestos fibers were not exceeded when performing floor die removal activities utilizing the UAS Automation Systems ATR Model 910 as a heat source in accordance with the Recommended Work Practices. Consequently, removal of floor tiles using the UAS ATR Model 910 should enjoy the same exemption from initial monitoring as do other approved methods, when performed in accordance with Recommended Work Practices. An acrid smoke was noted during the use of the tile removal equipment. Increasing ventilation in the work area might alleviate this problem. The contents of the tile and particularly the underlying asphaltic adhesive may need to be studied to determine the airborne substances resulting from heating. slb\annsrxanV01-l494a.tu2 -15- ENVIRON APPENDIX APPENDIX Recommended Work Practices for Removal of Floor Tiles Resilient Floor Covering Institute (July 1990) Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (March 1990) A-2 A-22 A-l APPENDIX 1 Recommended Work Practices for the Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings Resilient Floor Covering Institute (February 1990) (FRONT OOVDU MXOMEHPED (OK PRACTICES rot T pcval or RESCJCENT HOCR OOVBfflCS IMMBC Do Noe Sand, Dry Scrap*, BeedbLast or Mechanically Pulverixa EbcLstlng Resilient Flooring, Backing, Or Lining Fcle. Those Produces Msy Contain Asbeseos Fibers That Arc Noe Readily Identifiable. Using The Above Non-recotaaended Procedures On Asbestos^onkaining mcenai can Create Asbeseos Duse. The Inhalaelon Of Asbeseos Duse May Cause Asbestosls Or Ocher Serious Bodily Ham. Sacking Greatly Increases The Risk Of Serious Bodily Hem. NOTICE Various federal, state and locaL government agendas have regulations covering the removal of asbescosconcainir.g material. If you are considering the removal of resilient floor covering that contains, or is assured to contain, asbestos, you should determine if this* regulations apply. The TFCI recommended \'ork practices are '.la-signed to comply vich ' me federal occupational asbestos permissible arcposure limits. This Tublicatior replaces prior editions of these tjork practices. Future editions of these vork practices nay be Issued to replace this publication. Issued by Rssiliene Floor Covering Institute 9S6 rtjngerford Drive Suite 12-B Rockville, 20850 (301) 360-8580 REBMCNDED WCRK PRACTICES FOR RESELUENT floor oemnes CONTENTS Introduction Racanaended Work Practices Preparation of Floors General Information s.^eet Vinyl Floor Covering General Information and Preparation Soeciai Precautions Cocpiete Removal, Peripheral Conclete Removal, 'Jnadhered Ccnplete Renoval, Adhered Canplete Removal, Underiaymenc Resilient Tile Floor Covering General Information Complete Removal of Existing Resilient Til* Floor Coverir. Conpiete Removal Tile and Underlayment Preparation of Adhesive Coated Subfloors aeQKEMrr INFORMATION FOR DATALLERS OF RESZLIBiT FLOOR GWBUK5 Introduction The ..ember camanies of Che Resilient Floor Covering Institute are manufacturers of the followiris forms oi ?.esiiisnc Floor Coverings: 1. Sheet Vinyl 2. Vinyl Floor Tile '.Ciils today these products co not contain asbestos, it is possible Oat i: the past some of these products including asphalt tile, aay havi contained firmly-encapsulated asbesto: fibers. In the past decade muc. attention has been focused on threlationship between exposure t< asbestos fibers and respirator ailments. It has been determined tha inhalation of free airborne asbesto fibers may be injurious to health !!owever, the asbestos fibers eontalne in cha above types of resilienc floe coverings are not free but firai encapsulated or locked in the produc during the manufacturing process Asbestos contained therein will nc become airborne during the lifetime c tlv product when these products are use and 'maintained as reccmended by tr manufacturer. The Resilient Floor Coverir Institute is providing this booklet c recommended work practices fc installing or removing resilLent floo: so chat you may. proceed with this uoi In a prudent and protected manner. -2- There are several general rules* co follow: 1. Unless absolutely positive beycnd ar.v doubt chat the floor is a nonasbestos oroduct, assume it contains asbestos and Croat It in tie . anner prescribed vr this -'ainnhlac for a floor containin'; asbestos. 2. It is preferred to install a new floor oyer a floor which contains asbestos richer chan to remove that floor. This can be done by several nechods--directly over the existing floor; inscaHint; new underlayment; or use of leveling compounds following installation procedures recotnnendec by the floor covering manufacturer. 3. .Removal should be considered the last alternative. 4. Never sand any resilient floor or its backing to remove chem from, the floor (See Warning). 5. Use a vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter, disposable dust hag, and metal floor cool (no brush). 6. All sheet removal must be done using detergent solution. 7. All felt scraning rajst be done et. 8. no not dry sweep. 9. Material removed must be placed ir. heavy-duty polyethylene bags at least 6 mils chick, property labeled and disposed of in an authorized landfill. -3- KECOMENDED UQRK PRACTICES PREPARATION OF ROCKS WITH QOSTOK RESILIENT ROOR COVERINGS TO RECEIVE NEW RESILIENT ROOR COVERINC Follow che installation instruct: nublis:d by the manufacturer of the floor covering when a new resil: s:ieec or tile floor covering is co installed on a surface presently cov v/ith a resilient floor covering. Tb .instructions will cell you what muse done co che existing surface before new resilient floor covering can installed. Of che four general procedures lu be Low, Items la, b, and c are covere< manufacturers* instructions. Item 2 covered specifically in this Practices :tanual.* 1. Resilient Floor Covering InstaJ Over . . . (a) The Existing Surface. Fo! the manufacturer's instruct' .. for removing wax, filling .ir. spots, etc. Uae wet scrubb Never sand an existing resil floor cowering. (b) New Underlaynent. Ins: panels on top of che exis surface (wood subfloors c and apply new floor cove directly over this. Follow manufacturer's instructions. (c) Leveling Compounds. Follow manufacturer's instructions. In case of minor variations, manufacturer's instructions s: be followed. Coopletely Raowi Existing Resilient <JP Floor Covering (s) Sheet Vinyl--See instructions below: (1) "Complete Removal of Peripnerally Adhered Sheet .'Vinvl Floor Coverings," oage 6 (2) "Complete - Removal of Fully Adhered Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering," nage 11. (b) Tile--See instructions under heading "Complete Removal of an Existing Resilient Tile Floor Covering'," page 20. 9EET VINYL FLOOR COVERING Preparation of Floors With Existing Sheet Vinyl Floor Covering to Receive a New Resilient Floor Covering Sheet vinyl floor covering can be installed over existing resilient sheet vinyl floor covering under certain tflKltttons. Be .sure to follow the floor .-^verin.i manufacturer's instructions regarding the conditions and floor preoaraclon reouired. If complete removal of the existing sheet vinyl floor covering is required, the following instructions are to be followed: Supplies and Tools {refer Sketch l.) 1. Broad stiff-bladed wall scraper or floor seraper. 2. Utility or hook iciife. 3. Tank type wet/dry HEPA (Higr Efficiency Particulate Air) filter vacuum cleaner vicr disposable dust hag and metal floor cool (no brush). Large size heavv-duc> impermeable crash bags (at leas: 6 mils thick) or closec impermeable containers, wicr ties, capes, or string co ci< shut and tags for labeling. 3.- Garden sorayer. 6.. A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated co concai: anionic, .nontonic, ajv amphoteric surfactants. ~h detergent should he mixed wit water to make a dilute solutio (16 oz. of detergent in on gallon of warm water).'* 7. Pressure sensitive labels. 3. Gnxmd fault circuit incerruDce for connection of HEPA vaox and any ocher eleccrica equipment. WARNING Sketch 1. Tools and supplies for sheet removal. ^PRECAUTION: Resilient flooring become slippery when wet with a decerger. solution. Use caution co ..contain ir solution in the immediate work. are. Standing' on a new sheet of plywood non-slip surface while wonting' recommended. -6- haiwing Sketch 2. Never dry scraoe acherec areas of floor covering WARNING Skeccn 2. ever sand m 'xisci.'V.'. flror covering r.n;' Tver scrr ~r cry scrr*,o resicuaL :ct WARNING Skeccn 4. hash hands before eating ano At the end of cr.e work day COMPLETE REMOVAL OF PERIPHERALLY ADHERED SHEET VINYL FLOOR COVERING A. Preparation 1. Move all anpliances and furniture fmn the work area. 2. Remove all binding strips or ocher restrictive molding from doorways, walls, etc. 3. Mix a detergent solution (16 ounces of the specified liruid detergent [See pace 5, *6] co t gallon of warn water I and pour into a garden sprayer. 4. Clean the entire floor using a wet/dry vacuum clearer equipped with a.*:EPA riltration System and netsl floor actac.iment (no brush). Do (lot Sweep. WARNING ELECTRICAL SHOCK FWKKD'EXISTS. USE A CROUND FAULT dROJIT INTERRUPTER F ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A U ENVIRCWCNr. Hake a cut in the adhered flo covering 4 to 8 . inches wid oaraLLeL with che walls, around c oerLaeter of die room. C. Starting on either side of c entrance door, pry up die comer the firsc scrip, separating c. backing layer. As the scrip being removed, a constant nisc the detergent solution .nusc sprayed into Che delaminae ion r. point to minimize any airborne cru particles.* '.hen done properly, a feLc remaining on the floor and tils back of Che scrip will thoroughly wee. The scrip is peel by pulling upward at an angle cr. permits Che besc separation or rolling around a core. D. Roll Che scrip tightly as it removed. Tie or tape securely a place in a heavy-duty impemeaz trash bag or closed i:.iperr.;eacontainer for disposal. . Ic my be necessary to remove a second strip following steps (3, !;) if Che unadheretl subfloor a: lias not been exposed. *PREEALinQN: Resilient flooring becc: slippery when wet with a detery. solution. .Use--.caution to contain solution in the immediate work ar Standing on a new sheet of plywood non-slip surface wnj.ie working recomenced. F. Remove all of Che exposed residual felc by- wee scraping before proceeding. RESIDUAL FELT MUST BE REMOVED BY WET SCRAPING; DO NOT SAND OR DRY SCRAPE IN ANY WAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; AVOID CREATING OUST. SEE WARNING STATEJCNT. Wee Scraping Residual Felt 1. Thornuy-ly vet the resi due l fait with c'he determent sc luc ion end llow a few minutes co soak. 2. Sc end on Che regainin'; floor coverin'; (noc che felt) end use Che sc4 ff-hladS'J scraoer or a floor semner rich a replaceable. Mace co remove the "c felt. WARNING Never send or dry scrape residual felt. See Warning Statement. 3. r<e-wec the felr if the soLuCion has rcc completely penetrated, if '`vying occurs or if dry felc is exposed during scraping. Scraps all felc from chis floor area before oroccedin' further. . Pic':. *.r? the semnir.-.s as they are reroved rror cne floor and -ilr.ee in a neavy-duty ir.rt2rr.eable crash ha- or closed Lmperateable container. PRECAUTION: Wee residual felt as above but do noc excessively soak or flood wood floors with detergent solution. Excessive '.-acer can damage wood floors co che extent Chat new underlayment could be reouired. A floor dv; been wee scraped r.usc be allow* .dry thoroughly before new resil flooring is installed. Continue around the room comole rrwir.; the cellared flooring a .the pari/ecar, one strip at a : folia.ing steps J dirounn F. Jo rettove the flooring in die encrar door.s>y until all ocher flooring been cn..nlecely removed. V,:. Place all flooring scrips and :* scrapings immediately while wet ir die recommended crash bags. Clc full bags tightly and seal secure for disposal. Identify with a lao stating, "Caution--Concai: .\sbescos. Avoid opening or breaKi: bag or container. Breach!: asbestos nay cause serious bocii harm. Dispose of in an approve landfill only."* I. Vacuum wp any residue of wet ie'. scrapings Lx-ediacely wien a vet/c: vacuum equipped :.-Lch.n ':72k filter NOTICE Various federal, state, or loc3 governmental agencies have regularvor covering che disposal of asbestos containing material. If you ar considering die removal and disposal c: resilient 'floor covering chat contain; or is assumed co contain asbestos, ycr, should determine if these regulations aooly. The ".FC-I. recommended worV practices are designed co comply wit: the federal occupational asoesto permissible exposure limits. -lft and metal floor accacnmenc (no brush). J. Remove che unadhered flooring as derailed in che following seeps. OWPLETE REMOVAL OF SHEET VINVL FLOORING IN IHADHERED AREAS AND FIOORDC INSTALLED LOOSE LAID (WITHOUT ADHESIVE) Pra;>?r2Cion o love all alliances and furniture from the area, o Xarovs all bindin- scrips or ocher restrictive -eldin'-. rrer door.-javs, ..'alls, etc. o Frs-iare a decer-rent solution. (16 ounces of che specified liquid deterg-mc {See eate 5] to l Milan of warm water! and nour into a -rder. snraver. o Clean the entire floor tth a "sr/drv vacutr. ecuinnec. '/ith a -TPV riltncion Svscem and necal floor actac-nenc (no brush). Do Not Sweep. Start at che end of che room farthest from t:ie entrance ^oor^ay and cut a strin - to ) Inches wide in t:ic unacherac floorin-r. C. Remove the cut scrips while snraying the deterrent soiucion directly into the separation tin noinc.Do not "PRECAUTION: Tasillnc flooring becores ul Li eery '-hen wet with a determent solution. Use caution to contain the soiucion in che immediate work area. Standinr on a new sheet of plywood or non-slip surface while working is racon ended. -11- gr stand or kneel on the exoc subfloor during tiie removal proci C. .toil cue wet scrip tightly anc or cane to secure. . Continue wor: cowarc: the doorway, cutting < strip and removing it while soratnt sa-vacation nip point witr. .star: an: solution. Place scrips i:mediately into a .reaw--. i:..per:.*.aabLe rrasn bag or tie Ltnerreable container. Close ful be3s tightly and seal securely hisoosai. Identify wicn a stating, "CautLon--Conca .sbescos. Avoid opening or orea.bn2 or container. Bream asbestos may cause serious boc harm. Dispose of in aoorc landfill only. (See-NOTICE page ' E. After removing three strios. flooring, vacuum che exposed :( using a wet /dry vacuum equipped a KF.PA filter and metal 1 accachvenc (no brush). F. Seams and ocher adhered areas sh he rerreved as they are encount by stripping che wear surface w spraying che detergent solution tne delai.iinaclon nip point anc scraping the residual felt as nreviously described in ccr.o removal of peripherally amflooring. 0. Continue removing flooring o only one tj>ree-scrip area at a until the entire floor has completely removed. H. When che whole floor has completely removed, let it cry < rs, vacuum up any dusc using a vacuum *0? with a HEPA Filtration System and a necal floor cool (no brush). Stand only in vacuumed areas as vnu oroceed across che floor. Position che vacuir*. cleaner so chat discrvsrna air coes not blow on me floor":>eir.-; cleaned.. WARNING Do not dry sweep; avoid creating dusc. SEE WARNING SDCEMENT. I. Take the vnoar. cleaner oucsicia ar.d carefully remove the dust hag and niece it In a heavy-duty L permeable trash bay. cr closed Ltipermeable container, 'hich is labeled as above, for disposal. (Sea nagt 11 viragranh h.) J. '/hen che floor is dry, install the new resilient floor covering . following manufacturers' installation reconnendations. V . COMPLETE REMOVAL OF AN SCZSTBC ASHERS) SHEET VINYL FLOOR COVERING If complete rrrval vs required, follow these instructions: WARNING Never Sand an Existing Floor Covering A. Preparation t. .`love all appliances and furniture from che work area. 2. a err.eve all binding scrips or other restrictive molding from doorways, walls, etc. 3. Prepare a detergent solution (16 ovrnces of the soecifled detergent (See page 3) to 1 gallon of warm vacer) and pour into a garcer. sprayer. Clean che entire floor wit.", a wet/cry vaaxm equipped with a :~rA FiLtracion System and .-etal floor attachc.enc (no brus;i>. jo hoc Sweep. :-ki!ce a series of parallel cuts 4 cc 3 inches apart, parallel to a waLl. C. Start at' the end of the roc:, farthest from che entrance door; pr> up die corner of the first strip*, separating che backing layer. A the strip is being removed, < constant mist of che decergen: solution .-.use be sprayed into ch< dala.ination nip point to minirrizi any airborne dust particles, '.the; done properly, Che fait ranaining a Che floor 3nd on che back of cr. scrip will be thoroughly wet. Th serin is peeled by pulling upward a an angle that permits the bes separation or by rolling arouic core. warning ELECTRICAL SHOT HAZARD EXISTS. US A GROUND FAULT CZROJIT BTORRUFTE FOR ANY ELECTRICAL CatECTICNS IN WET ENVEOMSNT. D. Roll che scrip cighcly as it L removed. Tie or cape securely an place in a heavy duty impemeabi crash bag or closed imperraeaol container for disposal. E. Occasionally, parts of che izi inner-layer will remain stuck to t: hacking. This condicion can someci..'.es be eliminated by nulling the strios loose fror! tne opposite erd. Peel the foam inner-layer from die floor while spraying the d.etaroent solution into the nelor.tnacion nip poinc. Sena resi1Lsoc floorin'; is not readily str-. enable oy harv'. .hen these conditions are mccuntersc, it r.av be -ecessary to employ a S iam, stiff ^lide scraper to assist cleavage of the wearlayer from felt 'distance between cuts in wearlayer should be narrower, 3" to 5" wide)*. NOTE: Regardless of which one cf the previously lencioned Wchods is used lor scriming the wear surtace, tne detertenc solution must oe soraveef into tne de laminae ion nlo point to ranl.ra.2e anv auroone sust particles. r. Repeat the wetting and removal process on the next two scrips, placing them immediately into the recotxjenced rrasn bags or containers for disposal. NOTE: During the stripping process, do not stand or walk on the exposed felt. G. After removing three scrips of the wear surface, the remaining residual felt must be rwoved by wee scraping before proceeding. WAWOMG RESIDUAL FELT MUST" BE REMOVED BY WET SCRAPING; X NOT SAND OR DRY SCRAPE IN ANY WAY; X NOT DRY SWEEP; AWED CREATING DUST. SEE WARNING SIATMNT. H. Wet Senping Residual Felt 1. T.iorougnly wet die residual . \ic.i the detergent solution, woid excessive wetting standing water.. Wait a : r.dnuces to allow die solucion soak inco the felt. 2. Stand on the remaining fl. covering (not c.ie felt) and ".is sciff-blaced scraper or fLoor scraper wicn a replacea: blade to remove the wet felt. WARNING Never send or dry scrape resid felt. See Uazning Statanent. 3. "te-wet the felt if die soiuc has noc comolecaly penetrat if drying occurs or if cry : is exposed during scrap-.-. Scrape all felt' from tnis fl area before proceeding furcrv Pick up- the- scrapings as c are removed from the floor place in a heavy-c-. trnpeemeabie trash bag or tic urpemeable container. PRECAUTION: Wet residual : as above "out do noc excess'.', soak or flood wood floors detergent solution. Excess water can damage wood floor; the extent that underlayment could be recui A floor chat lias been scraped oust be allowed to thoroughly before new resil flooring is installed. Afcer removing the three 5: of flooring vacuum che exocs floor usin* a wee/dry vacuun equipped with a HEPA filter and metal floor attachment (no brush). ?.eoear the ooeraelon (weccir.2 the deW-in/ition nip point hile removing r-!2 naxr three strips, then wee scrape ehe residual foie chen vacuum ehe cxnosad floor). Do only one rhrae-scrip area ac a cire until ehe entire floor has been completely removed. warning ELECTRICAL SHXSTTOARD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT INTERRUPTER FOR ANY ELECTRICAL COtiBCTIGNS IN A WET ENVIRONMENT. Place ill flooring scrips and felc scraoings ir.mediacely while wet inco the reconrended crash in^s. Close full bajs tightly and seal securely for disposal. Identify ,..*icl*. a label statin*, "'.'tueion--Core.* ins .'.shoecos. \void ."min~ brae! or container, .machine -".sbesccs causa serious bodil'* v.rc. "isoose i.p. an aporoved landfill only.'; <$-a "CTICZ nape 9.) WARNING Do Not Dry Sweep; Avoid Creating Duse. See Warning Statement. '..hen the whole floor has been cor.7Jlecely removed, let it dry and vacuum up any dirt usin a vacu&ir. with a HEPA Filtration System and a necal floor attachment (no brush). Stand only in vacuumed area as you Proceed across Che floor. Position the vacuum cleaner so the discharge air does not blow on the floor being cleaned. L. Take the vacuum cleaner oucside and carefully remove the exist bag anc place it in n heavy-duty impermeable crasn sap. cr closed impermeable container for disposal, wnich us Libeled as above. '..hen the floor is dry, it is ready cc have a new resiLient floor covering installed. . Follow the floor covering manufacturer's instructions. COMPLETE REMOVAL OF THIN WOOD UNDERLAYMENT COVERED UTIH EXISTING SHEET VINYL RESILIENT FLOORING T.ie rei.ova! of resilient flooring over oo cl sujfloors using the we stripping/wet scraping ..ethod may not s practical in cases where nuicipie layer of floor covering are present, wher non-reccnmenried underiaynencs were used or where the flooring was made 'with heavy foar. backing. As an alternative the wcod underlaynenc can be remove with the flooring adhered to it Following are the details. A. Preparation o hove ail appliances an furniture from the work area, o Remove all binding scrips c ocher restrictive r.olding ire doorways, walls, etc. o Prepare a detergent solution ounces of the specified Licui decergent [See page 5] to yillon of warn water) and you inco a -arden sprayer, o Clean the entire floor with a -13- wec/rfry vacuum eruiooed with a .'2v?A Filtration System and .--.ec.ii floor tool (no brush). 3. Locate rhe joincs of che ircerlayer-.c i farthest fror.i the entrance door. C. Cut a serin of the flooring - to inches wide centered ever : .t underlayment joinc in zhe mne i being removed! D. Pry un the corner rf the atrin separating che bac'.dLns layer. As the serin is beina removed, a constant raise of che detarpanc solution -iusc he snrnyad into the dcLina.nation nip cine to rj.ririzs any airborne dust "articles. Mien done oroperly, any felt rcsainlns on che floor and on the back of che serin will be thoroughly v.c. Trie strio is peeled by nulling v^ward at an .ingle that nemics the best semration or by rolling around a core. PRECAUTION: Resilient flooring becor.es slippery vnen vet with a decerpenc solution. L'se caution to contain che solution in t '.t (.mediate work area. Stand Lr-. an a re*..' sheet of Plywood or non-slip surtace vniie working is recommended. E. Roll che scrip tightly as it is removed. Tie or cape securely and place in a heavy-duty impermeable trash has or closed* impermeable container for disposal, which is Libeled "Caution--Contains Asbescos. Avoid opening or breaking bag or container. Breaching asbescos may cause serious bodily harm. Dispose -19- of in an approved landfill only." WARNING RESIDUAL FELT fBSTTE REMOVED BY SCRAPING; DO NOT SAND 'OR DRY SCRAPE ANY WAY; DO NOT DRY SWEEP; M CREATING DUST. SEE WARNING STATEMENT " v.iova all of :ne a:^osed resi; fait ay vo: scrapin' oei >rocaccirv;. Wet Scraping Residual Felt 1. Ihorojghly wet che residual : with the decergenc solution allow a few minutes to soak. 2. Stand on che remaining : covering (not che felt) anc che sciff-bladed scraper or . floor scraper with a replace blade to remove che wet fait WARNING Never sand or dry scrape residual f< See Warning Stateomt 3.` Hc-wet che felt if che scLu bas not cowblecely penetro if drying occurs or if cry is e:oosec during scraf. Scrace all felt from this : area before Droceeding rurt Pick up che scrapings as are removed from che floor place in a heavy-c impermeable crash bag or cl Lipemeable container. - 4. Continue around che underlay panel completely removing adhered flooring over joincs. -20- S. Place all flooring scrips and felc scrapings ii.T.iediacely while wee inco Che recocmended crash bags. Close full bags eightiy and seal securely for disnosal. D'tncify with .a label seating, "Caucion--Contains Asbescos. Avoid onening or breaking bag or container. breaching asbescos .rav cause serious bodily harm. Dispose in an approved landfill oniv." {See NCTICC mge 9.) 6. Vacuum the smosed floor area using a -me/dry vacuum equipped -.:ich* a !!F?A filter and metal floor acrsdnenc (no brush). -- Drive a cold chisel using a hasmer or "nLlec inco the joint at a comer of the. panel. .:ow vise che cnisei co cry the parwL up far enough to insert a nry bar. Continue working around Che panel, lifting all edges slowly. Use one or c./o nr/ bars co pry up che underlaynent nanei a little at a cine until che panel is cocnietely loose ^ and can be removed. Every accenpc snatid be made co remove che nanel in one-niece. K. tf che imderlayr.enc nanel breaks, cue the resilient flooring ac che break and spray che detergent solution or.co the exposed felt. Allow the solution co penecrace for a few minuces, chan continue lifting che broken underlaymenc. V4AHNDC ELECTRICAL SHOCK THZKKD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT IKTERRUFTER TOR ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A WET ENVIRONMENT. -21' I. Remove each underlaymenc panel or piece from che work area as it is lifted -to avoid injury. Wear neav\ gLoves wien handling removed panels. Be very careful of wood splinters arte intruding fasceners. Flacteh cr* fasteners wick a hamer and scac* tne paneLa nac.i to hack on pallets ot place in dtxpscer. Identify. panel.' vieh a label, seating, "Caucion-- Contains asbescos. Avoid breaking panels, breaching asbescos may cause serious bodily harm. Dispose of ir an' approved landfill only." Place . any small wood or flooring scraps i: a heavy-ducy impermeable crash bag o: closed impermeable container fodisposal. Identify alL of Cm containers and bags with a Labe, seating, "Caution--Contains Asbescos Avoid - opening or breaking bag c container. Breaching asbescos na cause serious bodily harm. Dispose of In an approved landfill only." J. If che underlaymenc extends unde cabinets or wail partitions, it vil be necessary co cue chrougn .tr. flooring with a knife as close to c.~. vertical surface as possible, deep! scoring clie panel, 'nils should alio removal. After each panel has been lifted .ir. removed from che work area, pull _ any remaining nalLs or fasceners i the subfloor. L. Continue removing each underlayner. panel following .seeps G through K. ..'hen the underiayment/resilier. flooring removal is completer, prepare.the subfloor foilaving manufacturer's Installation recommendations. RESXLIBir TELE FLOOR OCWEXSC Preparation of Floor* With Existing Resilient Tiles to Receive New Resilient Floor Cowering Some resilient floor coverings can be installed over existing resilient tile installations. Follow the Installation instructions published by the manufacturer of the new floor covering when a new resilient floor covering is to be installed on a surface presently covered with a resilient floor covering. These instructions will tell you what must be done to the existing surface before the new resilient floor covering can be installed. MMttDC Never Sand an Relating Tile Installation (see Sketch 4) Complete Removal of Rdsting Resilient Tile Floor Coffering Supplies and Tools (refer Sketch 14) 1. Sharp stiff blade floor scraper. 2. Weighted scraper with long handle. 3. Safety glasses. 4. Hammer 5. Hot air gun. 6. Wet/dry vacuus with a HEFA Filtration System and metal floor attachment (no brush). 7. Heavy-duty, impermeable, plastic crash bags with minioun 6 mil if -thickness. 8. Garden sprayer. 9. A liquid dishwashing decergi which is stated to contain anion, nonionic, and amphoter surfactants. The detergent she be mixed with water to make dilute solution (1 oz. of decerg to one gallon of water). 10. Pressure-sensitive labels 3" x or larger. 11. Ground fault circuit interrup for connection of HEPA vaciun any ocher electrical equipment. Whenever possible, existing tile Flc should be left in place and the floor adhered directly to the t following manufacturer' s directions. Occasionally, there is no altemac except to remove Che tile; curLing, p bond and breakage are carmen reasc If removal is unavoidable, considerat trust also be given to .subfloors coa with asphalt tile adhesive. . following procedures address recommended work practice for removal floor tile end preparation of adhes: coated floors. Removal Procedure A. Preparation" 1. Move all appliances furniture from the work are 2. Remove all binding strips c ocher restrictive molding f doorways, walls, etc. 3. It Is also suggested chat entire floor be cleaned vt wet/dry vacuum equipped wi HEPA Filtration System a metal floor attachment (no -24- brush). Do Noc Sweep. B. Those areas normally exposed to heavy foot erafflc paccems usually have dies adhered Che dgheesc. As a msccer of good prsedee In starting the die removal, chose sections which receive Che lease erafflc should be che iocadons selected for scarting che removal of che die. Since dies are normally In a 9" x 9" or 12" x 12" dimension, lc should be Che goal co remove individual dies as a earpiece unit although breakage of sent dies is unavoidable. C. Start che removal by carefully wedging che wall scraper In che seam of two adjoining dies and gradually forcing che edge of one of che dies up and away from che floor. Continue co force che belance of che die up by working che scraper beneath che die and exercing boch a forward pressure and a ewisdng action on che blade co promote release of che die from che adhesive and che floor. }. Uhen che first die is removed, place ic, without breaking lc furchar into smaller pieces, In a heavy-ducy Impermeable crash bag or closed impermeable container which will be used for disposaL. . With che removal of cha first dlt acctsitbllicy of che ochar tilt Is Improved. Force cha wail scraper under che exposed edge of another die and continue co exerc a prying evtsdng force co die scraper as lc Is moved under Che die until cha clle releases from cha floor. Again, dispose of che clle, and succeeding -25- dies, by placing In che heavy-dut beg or closed container wichx additional breaking. F. Some tiles will release quit easily while others require varyir degrees of force. . Where ch adhesive is spread haavliy or 1 quite hard, lc may prove easier t force che scraper through tttightly adhered areas by scrlklr cne scraper handle with a harem -using blows of moderace force whi: . maintaining che scraper at a 25 ' 30 angle co cha floor. Caution: Use safety goggles. G. If seme areas are encountered whe even che technique detailed In t previous paragraph proves to lnadequace, cha removal procedu can be simplified by thorough haadng the diets) with a hoc a blower until che heat penetrac through che die and sofeens c adhesive. HOftE: Handle che hoc air blcwe dies and adtvesl carefully co avoid persor bums. NOEE: Do noc handle che heat dies and adhesive withe suitable glove protect: for cha hands. H. As small areas of subfloor a cleared of Clle, cha adhesl remaining on cha floor muse creaced. The degree of treaonp for residual "cut-back" adhesive dependant upon the type of resilient floor covering materia --26-- co be Installed and Che cype of subfloor. See page 32 Preparation of Adiesiv* GoaCad Subfloor for special recomnendaelons. " If nev resilient floor die is co be ins cal led over a concrete subfloor using an asphalclc adhesive, che residual asphalclc "cut-back" adhesive muse be lefc so chac no ridges or puddles are evident and uhac remains Is a chin, smooch film. Wet Scraping Residual Adhesive (11 Stare in the corner of che room farthest from che entrance door and moisten an area approximately 3' x 10' with water mixed with che specified liquid dishwashing detergent (1 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one galLon of water) co aid In wetting che adhesive. Wet scrape with a stiff-biaded wall or floor scraper removing ridges and any loose adhesive. (2) Place loosened adhesive residues into a heavy-duty Impermeable crash bag or ocher Impermeable container and seal with ties, cape or string and labeL "Caution--Contains Asbestos. Avoid opening or breaking container. Breaching asbestos is` hazardous to your health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." (3) Wet vacuum standing water with KEPA wee/dry vmcuun. 27. (4) Continue seeps (1) through until vrfiac remains of che residual asphalclc "cuc-h adhesive is a chin, sme film. I. As indicated in previ paragraphs, dies should be pi. immediately in a heavy-c Impermeable crash bag or cl. impermeable container. Do aceerape co break tiles furc after they are in che bag. J. When all dies and adhesive res have been removed from che f and placed in heavy-c polyethylene bags at least 6 thick or closed containers, che bags securely for disposal label: "Caution--Conca Asbescos. Avoid opening breaking bag or concair. Breathing asbescos may ca serious bodily harm. Dispose approved landfill only." K. Vacuum up any dirt in the using a vacum equipped with a filter and matal floor attach (no brush). L. After vaciaming, used HEPA fi: and cleaner bags should be reaccording to manufaccur Instructions and placed in a r.< duty impermeable crash bag label stating "Caution--Ccr. Asbestos. Avoid openir. breaking container. Breaasbescos is hazardous to health. Dispose in an ape landfill only." Close and sea trash hags securely for dispos 28- Conlact Roebval of Un Mood Ubdeplaymnc Covered with Existing Tile Supplies and Tools 1. Chisel. 2. Hanmer or mallet. 3. Shore- and long-handled pry bars. 4. Heavy gloves. 5. Sharp sciff-blade floor scraper. 6. Weighted scraper with long handle. 7. Safety glasses. 8. Hanmer. 9. Hoc air gun. 10. Wee/dry vacuun vich a HEPA Filerscion System and metal floor attachment (no brush). 11. Heavy-duty, impermeable, plastic crash bags with ndninun 6 mil wall thickness. 12. Pressure-sensitive labels 3" x 5" or larger. 13. Ground fault circuit interrupter for connection of HEPA vacuun and any ocher electrical equipment. Removal Procedure %A. .0 Preparation. 1. Move all appliances and furniture from the work area. 2. Remove any binding scrips or ocher restrictive molding from doorways, walls, etc. 3. It is also suggested that the entire floor be cleaned with a wet/dry vacuun equipped with a HEPA Filtration System and a metal ,,floor attachment (no brush). Do Not Sweep. B. Starting at the doorway or a floor ventilation vent, locate a joint in an uvderlaynant board. 29- C. Start the removal by carefully wedging the wall scraper in the seam of two adjoining tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one of the tiles up and away from the floor. Continue to force the balance of the tile up by working the scraper beneath the tile and exerelng both a forward pressure and a twisting action on the blade to promote release of the tile fror the adhesive and the floor. Continue to move tile in this manner, at all joints, mcil all board joints are exposed. D. When the first tile is removed place it, without breaking i: further into smeller pieces, in < heavy-duty Impermeable crash bag odosed impermeable container whlc: will be used for disposal. E. With the removal of the first til accessibility of the ocher tile i Improved. Force the well scrape , inder the esposed edge of another ' tile and continue to exert a pryir. twisting force to the scraper a r it Is moved under the tile unci the tile releases from the floor Again, dispose of the tile, ar succeeding tiles, by placing in clheavy*4uty beg or closed contain* without additional breaking. F. Some tiles will release quit ; easily while others require varytn. degrees of force. Where ch adhesive is spread heavily or i quite hard. It may prove easier c torce the scraper through cltightly adhered areas by scriki: the scraper handle with a hanmer *}< 30- uslng blows of moderate force idiile maintaining Che semper ac a 25 co 30 angle co Che floor. Caution: Use safety goggles. G. If some areas are encountered where even the technique detailed in the previous paragraph proves co be inadequate, the removal procedure can be simplified by thoroughly heating the tlle(s) with a hot air blower until the heat penetrates through the tile and softens the adhesive. NOTE: Handle Che hot air blower, tiles and adhesive carefully to avoid personal bums. NOTE: Do not handle Che heated tiles and adhesive without suitable glove protection for the hands. H. After 'all the dies have been removed from the tmderlaymenc Joints, drive a chisel, using a banner or a mallet, between the inderlaymenc board and the subfloor. Use the chisel to pry up the underlaymenc enough co Insert a pry bar and remove the chisel. Slowly and carefully use pry bars, co pry up the underlaymenc board a Little at a time until the board is completely loose and can be removed. I. Caution must be used to avoid breaking the underlaymenc board. The underlaymenc board should be removed in one piece. If the vnkerlaymenc board breaks, beat and cut the tile at the break, then continue co remove broken underlaymenc. J. Wear heavy gloves and ba very careful of wood splinters and fasteners sticking out of the back of Che underlaymenc. Each underlaymenc -31- board (or piece of board) shoul removed from the work area as -as It has been pried up to a injuries (such as stepping on a nail). Fasteners protruding fr removed board should be flatt with a hammer. Place rem< underlaymenc boards on skids the nails pointing downward, skid with 6 mil polyethyl plastic sheeting and secureduct cape. Identify with a L stating "Caution--Conta Asbestos. Avoid opening breaking container. Bread asbestos may cause serious bo harm. Dispose in an approved landfill only." K. After each board has been remo pull out any. nails or fasce stlLl in the subfloor. Dlspos these and any ocher, nails fasteners which have been rar but are still lying in the area. L. A chisel is not needed to. star: removal of boards after the : board has been removed. SI work Che pry bar under the exj edge of the next board. M. Vftien removal of the underlay existing tile floor is comp! thoroughly check the exp subfloor. Renail loose areas reset any "popped" nail fasteners. N. Vacuum up any dirt in the using Che vacuum cleaner eqi with the HEPA filter and floor attachment (no brush). - 0. After the underlaymenc is completely removed, install die new underlaymenc end/or floor covering according to the manufacturer's installation instructions. PREPARATION CP ADHESIVE OQAIED SUBFLOORS The degree eo which residual asphalt adhesive has to be moved depends on the new flooring material which is being installed. Generally installation or Vinyl Composition Tile requires only the wet removal of adhesive ridges, excess adhesive, and loose adhesive residues. (See page 25, paragraph H.) Installation of sheet flooring and specialty tiles requiring latex, resin, or epoxy adhesives wtLl require chat the residual asphaltic adhesive be essentially completely removed. Warning Regarding Complete Adhesive Removal: Some Solvent Baaed 'TUi-Beck" Asphaltic Adheslvme May Contain Aebeatoe Fibers That Are Not Readily Identifiable. Do Not Uee Power Devices Which Create Asbestos Dust in Removing These Adhesives. The Inhalation Of Asbamtos Dust Hey Cause Asbestosls Or Other Serious Bodily Harm. Seoidng Greatly Increases The Risk Of Serious Bodily I. Recommended Method for Preparing Concrete Sufafloors Coated with CueBack or ftailsion Tile Adhesive Unless absolutely positive beyond any doubt chat the adhesive is a nonasbestos product, assume It contains -33- asbestos and treat it in the man prescribed in this panphlee for cut-back or emulsion tile adhes: containing asbestos. A. Trcwtlable Underlayment Cover the adhesive residue wi trowelable underlayme: following the manufacturer recommended applicacic procedures. (Recommended f. residential use only.) B. Self-Leveling CemencitlcK. Underlaymenc Follow manufacturer's recommendations for use c these types of underLaymencs . s covering for adhesive coac& concrete. NOTE: All warranties and recommendations as to c! suitability and performance o' these products are t! responsibility of c) manufacturer of- cb underlaymenc. C. Adhesive Removers The Resilient Floor Coveri Institute does not teccu--snd approve Che use of the pzoddcts. There are a numb of commercial adhesive remove on che market chat vl properly remove cut-back emulsion adhesive residue r a subfloor; however, there a concerns that these produc may adversely effect che n adhesive and new flo< covering. -34- D. Wet Removal SuppLlaa and Tool* 1. Broad sclff-bladed util or floor scrapers, a 4-inch wide blade with handle Is recoirmended. 2. So. I sandblasting sand (clean, sharp, course cuedng sand). 3. Terrazzo or low-spaed floor machine flcced wlch a floor place attachment (Clark Assy. 500212-6). 4. Hand-held rubbing scones. 5. Wee/dry cank-eype vacuus cleaner equipped with a High Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) filter and metal floor aecechaenc (no brush). 6. Heavy-ducy polyethylene bags at lease 6 mils chick, cape or des, and labels. 7. Siip-reslscanc shoes or rubber heeLs. 8. Ground fault circuit interrupter for electrical connection of the WPA vacuum and any other electrical connections required. 9. Garden sprayer. 10. A liquid dishwashing detergent which is stated to contain anionic, . nontonic, and amphoteric surfactants, the detergent should be mixed with water to make e dilute solution (1 or. of liquid in one gallon of water). -35- Procedure r 1. Start in the corner of room farthest from entrance door and mols an area of the adhes approximately 3* x 10' w water mixed with liq dishwashing detergent aid in wetting the adhesive). Wet scrape w a sciff-bladed wall floor scraper remov: ridges and any Loc adhesives,, until onl) thin smooch film remains 2. Place loosened adhes residues into e heevy-c impermeable crash bag other lnpenaeable concal and seal with ties, tape' string and label "Cautic Contains Asbestos. Av opening or breaking bag container. Breach asbestos may cause boc harm. Dispose in approved landfill only.' 3. Wet vacuus standing watt : with HEPA wet/dry vsculx 4. Continue steps 1 chrougr until entire area is scraped. 5. Place cutting sand Lnc container (enough to o an approximate 6' x area), add water mixed liquid detergent (1 oz. the specified deter [See page 33] to one ga of water) to the sar* dampen (20 lbs. of sar 1/2 gallon of solution. 6. Place sand over a 6' area and wet remove dv -36- existing Adhesive residue using a terrazzo floor machine. Keep send wider rubbing scones when opereclng che mechine. The sand end the subfloor mS Be continuously Kept wee. t 7. occasionally push away cuccing sand from the subfloor with a wall or floor scraper to check for complete removal. 8. Adhesive around che edge of Che room and areas that were missed can be removed with dampened, clean, sharp cuccing sand and a hand held rubbing scone. 9. Wet sezape sand Into a pile using a stlff-bUded floor or wall scraper and place sand and adhesive residue In a heavy-duty Impermeable container, seal with ties or cape and label "CautlonConcalns Asbestos. Avoid opening or breaking bag or container. Breathing . asbestos may cause bodily harm. Dispose in an approved landfill only.'* 10. Rinse area with dear, clean water using che hand sprayer. 11. Wet vacuum standing water with a wee/dry vacuum equipped with a HEPA filter and metal floor attachment (no brush). 12. Continue steps 1 through 8 until Che eneire roam is complete. 13. Allow subfloor to dry and vacuum up any remaining 37. dirt or sand using a vacuu equipped with a HEPA filter ar. -maea! floor tool (no brush). VMMDC Electrical SbocE Hazard Exists Uae A Ground Fault Circui Interrupter For Any Electric* Connections In A Uet Ekwtraaesnc. ZZ. RecasBHnded Methods far Prepsrli Wood Subfloors Coated with CUC-Bec or ftsil slon Tile Adhesive A. Tzouslable Underlayment Cover the acftieslve residue wt1 Crowelable widerlaymsnc following manufacturer recommended appllcatlc procedures. (Recomaended f residential use only). 8. Wood Panel UnderLaymant* Normally it will not necaasary to remove the c tile when installing n underpayment over a sing layer of. tile. However, If t. tile must be removed, c tackiness of the advuive ru be "drlad-Agy' before Installi new underlaymmae. This can done by spreading a layer powder from latex patchl compound (either type) a vacuuming up the exces Another method is to place layer of asphalt saturac pattern scribing fait or two layers of newspaper over the tacky admslve residua * See manufacturers' recommendation.' for approved underlayment types. bafore the underlaymenc It installed. If Che old Adhesive Is noc "dritd-up" before' the uiderlaymenc Is installed, there is the possibility that a "cracking" sound will be heard when the new floor is walked on, creating an unsatisfactory condition. This occurs because the underlaymenc is pressed into the tacky adhesive by foot traffic. When the pressure is released, the underlaymenc sticks momentarily and then springs from the tacky adhesive, creating a "cracking" noise. Removal of Adhesive Coated Underlaymenc Panels If removal of the existing underlaymenc panels is necessary follow the procedure outlined under "Cottplece Removal of Thin Wood Underlaymenc Covered with Existing Resilient Flooring" steps C - M (pages 19 - 21). wmhdc Do Hoc Sand, Dry Scrape, Baodblaac Mechanically Pulverise Exist Resilient Flooring, Becking Or Uj Felt. These Products May Cent Asbestos Fibers That Are Not Re* Identifiable. Using the Above ' recneeendad Procedures On Asbest Containing Material Can Create Asbe Dust. The Inhalation Of Asbestos May Cause Asbestosis Or Other Ser Bodily Hem. Seeking Greatly litre, The Risk of Serious Bodily Hem. (BAOC OOVER) ' Issued By Resilient Floor Covering Institute 966 Hungerford Drive, Suice 12B Rockville, MD 20S50 (301) 340-3580 February 1990 This nublication replaces prior editions of these work Practices, Future editions of these work practices .-ay be issued to reolace this publication. RFCI-WP-1980 Revised 1987 Revised 1990 APPENDIX 2 Recommended Work Practices for Resilient Floor Coverings Armstrong World Industries, Inc. (March 1990) A-22- I >3>'s X'S'l I V -990 Annstreng vsona mouatnM. me. i A WARNING! ASBESTOSCONTAINING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERING MATERIALS 00 NOT SAND EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR TILE AND SHEET FLOOR ING. BACKING. OR LINING FELT. THESE PRODUCTS MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT READILY IDENTIFIABLE. AVOID CREATING OUST. INHALATION OF ASBESTOS DUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BODILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BODILY HARM. AWARNINGl ASBESTOSCONTAINING ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVE SOME IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC ADHESIVES MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT READILY IDENTIFIABLE. IN THE REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC "CUT BACK" ADHESIVES, DO NOT USE POWER DEVICES WHICH CAN CREATE OUST. THE INHALATION OF ASBESTOS DUST MAY CAUSE ASBESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BODILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BODILY HARM. ASSUME THAT ALL IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVES CONTAIN ASBESTOS. NOTICE: Regulations Affecting the Removal of Existing Resilient Floor Covering Structures Various government agencies have regulations governing the removal of in-place asbestos-containing material. If you contemplate the removal of a resilient floor covering structure that contains (or is assumed to contain) asbestos, you should determine whether such regulations apply. THIS EDITION OF THE RECOM MENCED WORK PRACTICES, F-2622-390J SUPERCEDES ALL OTHERS. ALL PREVIOUS EDITIONS ARE NOW OBSOLETE. 2 Important information for installers of resilient floor coverings What You Should Know About Existing Resilient Floor Covering Structures Vinyl-asbestos tile and asphalt tile contain asbestos fibers, as did some asphaltic `cut back'' adhesives and the backings of many sheet virtyt floonngs and lining felts. The presence of the asbestos m these products >s not readily idaruifiabie. Unless absolutely positive beyond any ooubt that the product is a nonasbestos-contammg material, always assume it does contain asbestos. Armstrong's Recommended Work Practices are a defined set of instructions addressee to the task of removing all resilient floor cover ing structures whether or not they contain asbestos. When Armstrong s Recommended . Work Practices are followed, resilient floor covenng structures that contain (or are assumed to contain) asbestos can be removed in a manner that will comply with the current OSHA Occupational Exposure to Asbestos Standard's Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL). Numerous products, devices and techniques have been recently introduced and/or recom mended for the removal of resilient floor covenng structures. Armstrong is only aoie to endorse its own Recommended Work Prac tices. Before you use any other practice lor the removal of an in-place resilient floor covering product that contains (or is assumec to contain),asbestos, you should determine if the practice meets ail applicable regulations or standards including those of the Occupa tional Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) for Occupational Exposure to Asbestos and that the material will be compatible with the new door covering to be installed.  w< rv Practices for Removal of Resilient Floor Coverings TABLE OF CONTENTS__________________ 1eg ALTERNATIVES TO REMOVAL OF EXISTING RESIUENT FLOOR COVERINGS - p. ______________ Installing resilient door covering over existing resilient floor covering ........................................ p. 5 Use of embossing levefer ..... p. 6 installing resilient floor covering over new undertayment............ p. 6 2 REMOVAL OF RESILIENT SHEET FLOORING - p. S_________________ Supplies ana tools..................... p. 6 Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient street flooring p. 7 Removal procedure, unadhered (loose-lay) or peripherally aahered resilient sheet flooring .......................................... p. 11 3 REMOVAL OF RESILIENT TILE > p.13_____________________________ Supplies and toots................... p. 13 Removal procedure ................... p. H 4 REMOVAL OF RESIDUAL e ADHESIVE - p> 17 Recommendations lor me treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive ................... Supplies and tools..................... Wet-soaping residual adhesive Removal of residual adhesive . p. 17 p. 20 p. 21 p. 21 ' COMPLETE REMOVAL OP WOOO UNDERLAYMENT - p. 23 Supplies and tools *.................... Undertayment removal procedure .................................... p. 23 p. 24 t 1 ALTERNATIVES TO REMOVAL OF I EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR 7 ! COVERINGS Removal of the existing resilient floor is the final alternative (see note below). Armstrong recommends that whenever possible you leave the existing resilient floor covering in place and go over the top witn your new floor. Note: Alternatives to the removal of an existing resilient floor over approved subfloors are: (1) Installing directly over a smgie layer of approved existing resilient fioonng. (2) Filling the embossing of the existing resilient Roonng with S-188 EmDossmg Levefer before installation (residential products only). (3) Covering existing resilient fioonng on an approved suspended wood subftoor with a recommended wood undertayment. Contact your local Armstrong dealer for our recommendations or consult Armstrong's brochure F-5061, "Armstrong Engineered in stallation System." installing resilient door covering over existing resilient door covering When you plan to install a new resilient sheet or tile floor covering over an existing resilient floor covenng, follow me installation instruc tions published by me manufacturer. Those instructions will tell you what must be done to the existing surface before the new resilient floor covering can be installed. Remove wax by wet smpping only. AWARNING NEVER SANO AN EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR COVERING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE.  Use of embossing leveier When you use Armstrong's S-188 Embossing Leveier to fill the embossing of the existing resilient floonng, follow the Armstrong recom mendations found in brochure P-5061. "Armstrong Engineered Installation System." installing resilient floor covering over new underlayment When you install a new floor covenng over new underlayment. follow the Armstrong recommendations found in brochure F-5061. "Armstrong Engineered Installation System." 2 REMOVAL OF RESILIENT m SHEET FLOORING A WARNING! DO NOT SAND EXISTING RESILIENT TILE AND SHEET FLOORING. BACKING. OR LINING FELT. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. Supplies and tools 1. Stiff-biaded wall or floor scraper. 2. Utility or hook knife. 3. Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate A`r (HEPA) wet/dry vacuum cleaner with aisposabk dust bag and metal floor tool (no brush). 4. Hand sprayer or spnnkling can. 5. Large-size heavy-duty impermeaote trash'*1 2 3 bags (or closed impermeable containers) with ties. tape, or string to tie the bags shut, and tags for laoeung. 6. A liquid dishwashing detergent wnich is stated to con tain anionic, nomontc. and amphotenc sur factant. Mix this specified liquid disnwasnmg detergent with water to ma*e a dilute solution (16 oz. specified liquid aishwasnmg 7. Ground fault circuit inter* detergent in one SaJlon of water), rupter for elec trical connection of the HEPA vacuum and any other electrical connections required. Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet flooring AWARNING I NEVER SAND AN EXISTING FLOOR COVERING OR FELT BACKING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. a. Remove any binding stnps or other restric ttve moldings from doorways, walls, etc b. Prepare the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution (16 oz. of specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon of wate and pour into a hand sprayer or sprinkling can. c. Clean the entire floor-with the HEPA vacuum cleaner using the metal floor tool. d. Make a series of parallel cuts 4" to 3" apart through the top layer of the flooring and aoout halfway through the backing, parallel to the wall, for tne entire floor. RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SLIPPERY WHEN WET WITH THE SPECIFIED LIQUID DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION IN THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAND ING ON A NEW SHEET OF PLYWOOD OR NONSLIP SURFACE WHILE WORKING IS RECOMMENDED. . e. Wear layer removal: One worker starts at the end of the room far thest from the entrance door end pries up the comer of the strip, separating the backing from the wear layer. As the stnp is being removed, another worker sprays a constant mist of the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution into the detammation mp point to minimize any airborne dust particles. When done properly, the felt remaining on the floor and on the back of the stnp will be thoroughly wet. Do only one three-strip area at a time. Stand on the remaining floor covering or clean floor (do not stand on the felt). The cut strips should be peeled from the backing by pulling or raffing around a core which will control the stopping angle to create a uniform tension (some resilient floor ing wear layers may not be readily stnppabie and may require wet-scraping). Tie or taps the removed material securely and place in the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or dosed impermeable container for disposal. f. Remove and dispose of each succeeding stnp in the above manner. Avoid walking on the exposed (elt as much as possible. Close lull bags tightly, and seal securely lor disposal. Identify with a laoei stating -- "Cautign -- contains asbestos. Avoid Open ing or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." g. Occasionally, pans ot the dp layer will suck to the backing. This can often oe eliminated by peeling in the opposite direc tion. The stiff-biaaed scraper may aid in the removal or peeling of the wear layer. A WARNING NEVER SAND OR DRY-SCRAPE RESiOUAL FEU BACKING. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. h. Wet-scraping residual fait: (1) Thoroughly wet the residual felt with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution. Wait a lew minutes to allow me specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution to soak into me ten. (2) Stand on the remaining floor covering (not me fett) and use the sutf-biaded scraper to scrape up the wet fett. (3) Rewet the fett if the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution has not complfty penetrated, if drying occurs, or if dry fett is exposed dunng scraping. Pick up the scrapings as they are removed from the floor and place in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed im permeable container. Wet-scrape all felt (torn this floor area before proceeding further. PRECAUTIONS: EXCESSIVE MOISTURE CAN CAUSE PERMA NENT DAMAGE TO WOOD UNDERLAYMENTS. IT IS THE INSTALLER'S RESPONSIBILITY TO USE THE CORRECT AMOUNT OF SPECIFIED LIQUID DISHWASHING OETERGENT SOLUTION TO PRE- VcNT UNDERLAYMENT DAMAGE. A FLOOR THAT HAS BEEN WETSCRAPED MUST BE ALLOWED TO DRY BEFORE INSTALLING ANY NEW RESILIENT FLOORING. (4) When this floor tree has been cleaned tree of felt, vacuum up any dirt using the HEPA vacuum cleaner with the metal floor tool. Position the vacuum cleaner so that (he discharge air does not blow on the area being cleaned. (5) Repeat the above on the next senes of stnps. (6) Repeat this operation until the felt has been removed from the whole floor. Close full bags tightly and seal securely for disposal. Identify with a label stating -- `'Caution -- contains asbestos! Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Ybur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only.'' (7) When the whole floor has been clean ed free of felt, vacuum up any dirt using the HEPA vacuum cleaner with the metal floor tool and let it dry. Position the vacuum cleaner so that the discharge air does not blow on the area being cleaned. IA WARNING DO NOT DRY-SWEEP. AVOID CREATING DUST. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. (8) After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and cleaner bags should be removed according to the manufacturer's instruc tions and placed in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Your Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only.'' Close and saaJ the trash bag securely for disposal. (9) When the floor is dry. it is ready to nave a new resilient floor eovenng install ed. Follow tne manufacturer's installation 10 instructions. Removal procedure, unadhered (loose-lay) or peripherally adhered resilient sheet flooring a. ,Remove any binding stnps or other restric tive moldings from doorways, walls, etc. b. Prepare the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution (16 oz. of me specified li quid aisnwasnmg detergent to one gallon ct water) and pour into a nano sprayer or sprinkling can. c. Clean the entire floor with tne HEPA vacuum cleaner using tne metat floor tool. d. If flopnng is unadhered, start at tne eno of the room farthest from the entrance aoorway and cut floonng into stnps about t8" wide tor the entire room. One worker removes tne-cut stnps while another worker sprays the specified liquid dishwashing oetergent solu tion directly into the separation mp point. Do not stand on the exposed subfloor during the removal process. A CAUTION I RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SLIPPERY WHEN WET WITH SPECIFIED LIQUID DISHWASHING OETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION Ih THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAN DING ON A NEW SHEET OF PLYWOOD OR NONSUP SURFACE WHILE WORKING IS RECOMMENCE!: 4, jlpf! e. flo# the wet strip tightly and tie or taoe securely so it wdl not unroll. Place it in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or dosed impermeable container big enough to accom modate several rods tor disposal. Use this method tor nonbonded areas of peripherally adhered Doors. To remove bonded areas. toUow instructions under "Removal procedure, fully adhered resilient sheet Hoortng." f. Clean the exposed floor with a HEPA vacuum cleaner with the metal Moor tool posi tioned so that the discharge air does not blow on the area bemg cleaned. < AWARNING I DO NOT DRY-SWEEP. AVOID CREATING DUST. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. g. Repeat the above, cutting, rolling and disposing of one strip at a time and dtaning the newly exposed tree immediately until the entire floor covering has been removed and the entire floor is vacuumed dean. h. If any residual felt remains stuck to the floor, it should be removed by the wet scraping method described in Section (h) of the "Removal procedure, fully adhered restfient sheet flooring." AWARNING DO Nor ORY-SCRAPE OR SAND. SEE WARNINGS ON PAGE ONE. PLACE THE REMOVED FLOOR COVERING IN THE HEAVY-DUTY IMPERMEABLE TRASH BAG OR CLOSEO IMPERMEABLE CONTAINER. i. After vacuuming, used HEPA Altars and cleaner begs should be removed according to manufacturer's instnictions and placed m a heivy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating -- "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer. Breathing Aebeatos is Hazardous to Msur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only" Close and seal the trash bags securely for disposal. j. Alter tne undertayment is ary. install the new resilient floor eovenng according to the manufacturer's installation instructions. 3, REMOVAL OF RESILIENT T1LC A WARNING! NEVER SAND AN EXISTING RESILIENT FLOOR TILE INSTALLATION. SEE WAR NINGS ON PAGE ONE. Supplies and tools t. Heavy-duty g scraper with { appnmmstaty 4* blade and S' to 8' handle. 2* Hammer 1 Commerciattype hand-held hot-air blower or a radiant heat source. 4. Large sire heavy-duty im permeable trash bags (or dosed impermeable containers), with . ties, tape or string to tit the bag shut and tags tor labeling. & Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air fHEPAt wetttv vacuum cleaner with disposable dust bag and metal floor tool (no brush).  Removal procedure a. Those anas normally exposed to heavy toot-traffic patterns usually have tiles adhered the .tightest As a matter of good practice m starting me tile removal, select those sections which receive the leest traffic Since tries are normally in a 9" *9" or 12*x12* dimension, try to remove individual tiles as a complete . unit ' ' b. Start the' removal by.catefully wedging the scraper in the seam of two adjoining tiles and gradually forcing the edge of one of the tiles up and away from the floor. Do not breaK off pieces of the tile, but continue to force the balance of the trie up by working the scraper beneath the tile and axening both a forward pressure and a twisting action on the blade to promote release of the tile from the adhesive and the floor. Remove and disease of eacn tile in me manner aoove. Avoid walking on the exposed adhesive as much as possible. Close lull bags bgntfy and seal securely tor disposal. Identify with a laoet stating "Caution -- con tains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breaming Asbestos is Hazardous to Ybur Health. Oispose in an approved land fill omy." e. Some tiles will release quite easily while others require varying degrees of force. Where the adhesive is spread heavily or the trie is bonded tightly, it mey prove easier to force the scraper through the tightly adhered areas by striking the scraper Handle with a hammer, using mows of moderate force while maintaining the scraper ai a 25 to 30 angle to the ftooc j ACALmON 1 WEAR SAFETY GLASSES WHEN USING THIS PROCEDURE. c. When the first trie is removed, piece it. without breaking it into smaller pieces, in the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or closed impermeable container which writ be used tor disposal. Removed tries can be placed m empty tile cartons first and than placed In the heavy-duty impermeable trash begs. 1b pre vent rearing of the heavy-duty impermeable trash bag. place only one full carton of removed tile in a bag. d. With the removal of the first trie, ac cessibility of other tries is improved. Force the scraper under the exposed edge of another tile, and continue to exert a prying, twisting force to the scraper as it is moved under the tile until the tile releases from the floor. 14 1. If you encounter areas where even the above methods will not remove the tries, the removal procedure can be simplified by thoroughly heating the tiles with a not-air blower or a radiant heat source until the heat penetrates through in# tile and softens the adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hot-air blower carefully to avoid injury. Do not usa a blowtorch or open flame. Uae caution net to bum or char tile. Uae adequate ventilation. NOTE: The treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive hi dependant upon the type of new resilient floor covering material to be installed and the type of subfloor. See Section 4. Removal of Residual Adhesive lor Armstrong's recom mendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive. g. It new reagent floor tile is to be installed over a concrete subfloor using an aspnaiuc adhesive, the residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive must be left so that no ndges or puddles are evident and what remains a a thin, smooth film. This can be accomplished by wet-serapmg the residual adhesive. NOTE: See Section 4. Removal of Residual Adhesive for Warning and Supplies and Tools. Wet-scraptng residual adhesive: (1) Start in the comer of the room farthest horn the entrance door and moisten an area approximately 3' x 10' with water mixed with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent (1 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon of water) to aid in watting the adhesive. Wetscrape with a sttff-biadeg wall or floor scraper removing ridges and any loose adhesive. (2) Place loosened adhesive residues mto a heavyduty impermeable trash bag or other impermeable container and seat with ties, tape or string and label "Caution-- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Oispoae in an approved landfill only." (3) Wet vacuum standing water with the HEPA vacuum cleaner. (4) Continue stags (1) through (3) until what remains of the residual asphaltic "cutback" adhasive is a thin, smooth film. h. Clean the entire floor wiih the HEPA vacuum cleaner using me metal floor tool to remove defins before applying new asonaitic adhesive or installing new resilient floor tile. I. After vacuuming, used HEPA filters and cleaner bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instructions and placed in a neavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating-i'Caution--contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Oispose in an approved landfill only" Close and seat the trasn bags securely for disposal.* 4 REMOVAL OP RESIDUAL ADHESIVE 1A WARNING ASBESTOS CONTAINING ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVE. SOME IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC ADHESIVES MAY CONTAIN ASBESTOS FIBERS THAT ARE NOT READILY IDENTIFIABLE. IN THE REMOVAL OF ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVES, DO NOT USE POWER DEVICES WHICH CAN CREATE OUST. THE INHALATION OF ASBESTOS OUST MAY CAUSE ASSESTOSIS OR OTHER SERIOUS BODILY HARM. SMOKING GREATLY INCREASES THE RISK OF SERIOUS BODILY HARM. ASSUME THAT ALL IN-PLACE ASPHALTIC "CUTBACK" ADHESIVES CONTAIN ASBESTOS. Recommendations for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive The treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhesive is dependent upon the type of new resilient floor covering material to be installed and the type of subfloor. Armstrong's recommtndabons for the treatment of residual asphaltic "cutback" adhasive are shown in the following chan. nm Mam la e* matinan fttmuni floor Me id os inifssa ut* ng S4i or S90 CUtMCA 40*MC Residual Asphaltic Concrm SuMoor Umiug Aimmicfim to *amove (MMIMmitmi MMMnpHHIUI n* nagu or punam in ** tnamw r*. mm* e inn, imoom Mm. Sm Minemorng at nadu* MMM Aoptetnon or camtnimeui unoanaymar* am a joprovao by tna unoaniyimn manutacuir*r lor ut* omr raamuai nonane "cutbaea" Aoniirv*.- Armanong Smo Uuk TA* or Armstrong AuMor Tnhh minimi vtnq S-215 Aonativ* or Armatrong SOT to Ot rnimna ueng S-202 AOTIM Enougn or in* mom AonasiM mum 01 mrmmn to mar 10H ol m* ngm luonruw or m* an*m oh mpasta SuMtoormumo* pamgt attan utmg S-202 AnnwwiL &* nmonar or taidue lanmv* AppkCSfton of > efWftn imout wnoortaymom mu t$ aopiPMO Dy u* * uoosnaymom msnutac* turn tor utooMf mvOuM MpfMUUC `Cut* MCK" JOftto*** flnani Door tna e* mrang til ing in mum aintr min $49 Or S-IO Cutback MMIM. S-202 Annum* or S-215 Amw flStMuM tfWW flUK tt# i--t tertoso do mi no nop-- or puoass yi nosm tnd sum i mom tfun. smooth Mm. Sot i--tcrapmQ of rtSiOuSf W<nm. Aponcton of4CMA> utious unosnaymor* mat s aoorevao oyti* manyiaeurar lor usa o*ar msiouai iwwic ,-cumac" adam* kaarkta or ocnar wrnyHMCMO oonng. tQOH of tt ra*du dftoswa nu oa tamoxid Horn in* am* ki a* cs*r*a. s*t i*nwi or lamouil Aookcauon of a camarw ooaut undartoymam tns <a aockouad Oy tna knar lor uaa owar Ma`* Mhatavft.* FM-eaoan im*t Hooting. Enougn e im rnmuir antwin* mum m rwnovao to ina SOH eft m*on^om (uommaor m* o**m arm a a*. poaaa. Sa* ramo>m or raamum aonaanm Appmranon or a cam* otaua unoanaymart tntt is soduoimfl Oy tna unoanaymart mamaac* turar lor ummt fMMuaf asonaiuc Ncuoack'' aanatnc* * Af wtrrn m won trw iMintynian t mttwaaurat 18 "Cutback" Adhesive iMwabuMql vtmvnvrinvnT mau. a.*no--o-f fMmaal af WHiduM ddh--ho invmtfiva to Wfmorsf AiwjwofiQ dots m rtcofnmtnd Arrrietang mi to rmnwrnft (ns um of a cutoaek oof*** owr th* ut* or cutback aortanv* wood unotnoymont suofloot ov*r ooa unamtaymant tuorioor Compiait awn of Wood Unotrtaymant. Saa Comonw Bwodi of wdoo Unatrtaymam Unoar (sitting rat. Comp** romows of Wood Undartoymtni. tw Camomi nmum o* mui unomynai Unnar Seating Ta* Coaoka mmoaat af wood Unoartaymaflt. Saa Coapaa anna ui noBQ vnoanaymam UMr Esaong Tta. Comom* Aamoraf of Wood BnavwnwwmaI Wu ImSftbojW fut lnaotaknaa-ywmaamni Unnar Earning ID*. Coawg foutuat tsohsme "an* dock BOtmm on an toprovao mod ouonoor wifi a itconv manoao wood unoanaymant* Whan knowing tint n#w wood afiaaong may oa ptaeto owr tha laaiduaf adhatwa o oravant a crocking or tacky sound wnan waaong on tha floor. Ceermg mvouai Memitie "cut back'' tanamm or. an aopipraa aon suenoor mtn a t*eom. manned mr unO*rt#ym*nt Wm rtmking tn* rw* won tnaaung may da eiocao orarma miduM oflnawka pmnant a ertoang or toeky aouno wnan bwauong on ma door Cmmnng rnmnum aaoname "cur* back" aghaarv* an an aoprba wob aumoor mu a i*eom- Whan mmfiing this naw ood unoanmmanr. lari or obiruifia* atmanng may m maean war tna ttmduM aonatN* to pr**nt a cricking or tacky touno m*n miking on tna Hoer. | Conanng timnuai uonanc 'cutbiek1 Mava on an aboravan aoed ftUOAobr aim a raeom. mannan anon undanaymant* Whan mmmhng mn nm* mod undanaymant. Wt or notyamyiana ftttaatmg may b* otacan mar tna undue aoniar.a to admin a craaong or tacary aogno anan aaemg.an tna (toor. MQTf: *or kxtnm mmm moommanoinon* conmm Arntmongi oroenuro MOftt. "Atmoong Cnyrn--a nuMaon Syawm." iiwic: Many uquto aonasiva ramoval pro duct! usually employ solvents which leave a residue within tha aublloor that can adversely aflect tha naw adhaaiva or door covarutg. Tha warranties provided by tha manufacturers of tha naw floor covering matanait will not covar instances wham existing subftoor condidon* damage thair products or affect its in stallation. Tha usa of atbastos ancapsuiants or bridging materials over asphame adhasiva is not recommended as tnosa products may attact tha bonding properties of tha naw adhasiva. Tha application of asphaltic adhesives. as an installation madium, has baan demonstrated to ba an attacuva covar for tha existing residual adhasiva. Tha ancapsuiant usa of tha naw adhaaiva must, howavar. ba const*tant with othar installation racommandations. Supplies and tools 1. Stitfbtadad watt or floor scrapar. 2. No. 1 sandblasting sand (daan. sharp, coana cutting sand) 3. Tarrazzo or a low speed floor machina fittad with a floor piata. (Clark Aasamoiy Na 500212-6) 4. Hand fiakl rubbing stones. 5. Thnfctype High Efficiency Particulate Air H fHEA) wattorv vacuum ctaanar with disposabia dust bag and matai floor tool (no brush). 6. Large-size heavy-duty impermeable trash bags (or dosad imparmaaoia comsmars) with tias. tape, or string to oa tha bags shut, and tags lor labsiing. 7. SUp-reamant shoes or rubbar boots. I Ground fault circuit interrupter tor aiaetneal connacoon of tha HEPA vacuum and any othar aiaetneal cannacbons required. 9. Hand sprayar or sprinkling can. 10. A liquid disriwasfsng datargant which is statad to contain anionie, noruonic, and ampnocanc surfactant Mbt this specified liquid dishwashing datargant with watar to make a 20 diluta solution (1 or of the soacified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon oi water). Wet-scraping residual adhesive a. Start in tha comer of tha mom farthest from the entrance door and moisten an area of tha adhesive approximately 3' x 10' with water mixta with the specified liquid dishwashing detergerk (to aid in wetting the adhesive). Wet-scrape with a stiff-Waded wall or floor semper removing ndges and any loose adhasiva. b. Place loosened adhesive residues into a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or othar. impermeable container and seal with ties, tapa or string and label "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Contamer Breathing Aabastos Hazardous to Ybur Health. Dispose in an approved landfill ooty." c. Wat vacuum standing watar with tha HEPA vacuum deanec d. Continue stops a through e until entire area is wet-scraped. Ramoval of residual adhasiva a. Place cutting sand into a container; add water mow) with tha specified liquid disfxeashing datargant (1 oz. specified liquid dishwashing datargant to one gallon o! water) to tha sand to dampen. Approximately 20 tbs. of sand to 1/2 gallon of watar should provide a workable slurry for a 6' x 6' area. b. Start in comer of tha room farthest from tha entrance door. Place sand slurry on tha residual adhaaiva ovar a 6' x 6' area and remove tha existing adhasiva using a terrazzo floor machina. Kaep sand under rubbing stones whan operating tha machina. The sand and the subfloor must be contmuousiy kept wet. f I a warning! ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD EXISTS. USE A GROUND FAULT CIRCUIT IN TERRUPTER FOR ANY ELECTRICAL CONNECTIONS IN A WET EN VIRONMENT. c Occasionally push away cutting sand from tna subfloor wan a watt or door scraper to check tor complete ramoval. d. Adhesive around tna adga of tna room and araa that wars mtssad can ba ramovad with dampened. dean. sharp, cutting sand and ground off with a nibbing stone, a. Wtt-scrapa sand into a piia using a stiffbfaded door or watt aerapar and ptaca sand and adhasiva raaidua in a heavy-duty im permeable eontainar and saai with tias or tape, and iabaf "Caution -- contains asbestos. Amid Opening or Breaking Containar. Breathing Aabasus is Hazardous to 'tour Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only" f. Rinse area with clean water using a hand sprayer or sprinkling can. g. Wat vacuum standing water with the HERA vacuum deanec h. Continue seeps a through g until the entire room ts complete. i. ANow subitoor to dry,, and vacuum with a HEPA vacuum deinec j. Altar vacuuming, used HEPA filters and daanar bags should be removed according to manufacturer's instructions and plactd in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating -- "Caution--contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to Mxir Health. Dispose in an approved landfill only." Close and seal the trash bags securely for disposal. S' - COMPLETE REMOVAL OP WOOD Oe UNPEWLAYMENT________________ Complete Removal of Wood Underiayment Under Existing Sheet Flooring Definitions a. Wood Sutafloor A subfloor is selected for structural purposes and is the substrate for the underiayment b. Wood Undertsvment - This is the smooth surface that is selected to receive the resilient floor covering. c. Wood Subfloor Undertavment Combina tion This is the type of construction that mult meet the structural requirements as well as hsva s suitable surface to receive the resittent floor cmrering. Supplies ft tools 1. Chisel D=,2. Hammer or maflet C5ec X Short and tong handed pry bare 4. Heavy gloves X Uflttty or hook knits ^ \? X Stiff-btadsd wall or floor scraper 7. Large-size heavy-duty impermeable trash bags (or dosed impermeable container) with ties. tape, or string to tie the bag shut and tags tor labeling X Tank-type High Efficiency Particulate Air a' (HEPA) wettorv vacuum cleaner with V disposable dust bags and metal floor tool (no^ brush) $ X Hand sprayer or sprinkling can -i.fi 10. A Kcjuid dishwashing detergent which i stand to contain anionic, noninonie. and am' photeric surfactant Mix this specified liquid dishwashing detergent with water to make a dttuta solution (16 oz. specified liquid dishwashing detergent to one gallon of water) 11. 6-mii polyethylene sheeting ,in 12. OuO tape aJ IX Ground fault circuit interrupter lor alecmeat connection ol the HEPA vacuum and any other electrical connections required- Removal of sheet flooring at undartaymant Joints a. Remove any binding amps or other restnctiva moldings from doorways, walls, ate b. Prepare the. specified liquid disnwasning oatargant solution (16 oz. ot spaahad liquid dishwashing oatargant to ona gallon ol waiar) and pour mto a hand sprayar or sprinkling can. c. Claan tna antra floor with the HEPA vacuum elaanar using tha mats! floor tool. d. Starting at tha doorway or a floor ventila tion vent, loeata a jotm m an undartaymant board. a. Maka a sanas of parallal cuts 4* to 8' wida cancarad ovar tha undartaymant joint, through tha top layer of tha flooring and about hallway through tha backing. Continue this procedure tor aU undartaymant joints ovar tha entire floor. ` A CAUTION RESILIENT FLOORING BECOMES SUPFERY WHEN WET WITH SPECIFIED LIQUID DISHWASHING DETERGENT SOLUTION. USE CAU TION TO CONTAIN THE SOLUTION. IN. THE IMMEDIATE WORK AREA. STAND ING ON A NEW SHEET OF PLYWOOD OR NONSUP SURFACE WHILE WORK ING IS RECOMMENDED. f. Ona worker starts at tha and ot tha room tarthest from tha entrance and pnea up tha comar ot a strip, separating tha backing from me wear layet Aa tha strip is being removed, anotner worker sprays a conaant mitt ot tha specified liquid rtiihwaihmg detergent solu tion into tha deurmrution nip point to minimize any autome dust parades. Whan dona property, tha toft remaining on tha floor 24 and on tha back ot the strip will be thoroughly wet Stand on the remaining floor covering or clean floor (do not stand on the fait). Tha cut strips should be petted from the backing by putting or retting around a core which will control tha stripping angle to create a uniform tension (soma resilient floor ing wear layers may not be readily stnpoabie end may require wet-scraping). Tie or tape tha removed material securely and place in the heavy-duty impermeapie trash bag or dosed impermeable container tor disposal. g. Remove and dispose of each succeeding strip in tha above manner. Avoid walking on the exposed fait aa much as possible. Close fu* bags tightly, and aaat securely for disposal. Identify with a label stating: "Cau tion -- contain! asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Handout to \bur Health. Dispose m an ap proved tandfifl only." h. Occasionally, parts of the top layer will stick to the backing. This can often be eliminated by peeling in the opposite direc tion. Tha stiff-biadad scraper may aid in tha removal or pealing of tha wear tayar. i. Wat scraping residual fait (1) Throughly wet tha residual fait with tha specified Squid dishwashing detergent solu tion. Wait a law minutes to allow tha specified Squid dishwashing detergent solu tion to soak into the tett. (2) Stand on tha remaining floor covering (net tha fait) and use tha stiff-btaded scraper to scrape up the wet fait (3) Rewet the fatt if the specified liquid diahwashing Oatargant solution has not com pletely penetrated, if drying occurs, or if dry fait is exposed during scraping. Pick up tha scrapings as they are removed from the floor and piece in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag or dosed impermeable container. Wetscrape ait tha felt from this 4* to 8* strip before proceeding to remove tha next strip. (4) Whan this *' to 8' strip has been darned free of fait vacuum up any dm using tha HEPA vacuum cleaner with tha metal floor tool. Position the vacuum dearer so that tha discharge air dots not otow on m# area being cleaned. (S) Riput stops (i) - (4) on tha naxt strip. (i) Repeat thia operation untit the felt has been removed from tha 4" to 6" strips ovar att tha underiaymem joints. Ctosa full hags tightly and saai securely for disposal, identify with a iaoal stating; "Caution -- contains asbestos, Avoid Opamng or Breaking Con* tamer.. Breathing Asbestos is hazardous to ' tour Health. Dispose ut an approved landfill only." Removal of wood undariayment boards a. Attar att fatt has bean wet-scraped front the undariayment joints, drive a chisel, using a hammer or mallet, between tha underlay* merit board and the subflooc Use the erase! to pry up the underiaymant enough to insert a pry bar and remove the chisel. Slowly end carefully use pry bars to pry up the underlay* mem board a tittle at a time urml the board is compeidy loose and can be removed. b. Caution must be used to avoid breaking the undariayment board. The undariayment board should be removed in one piece. If the undariayment board brealo. cut through the resilient flooring at the break and spray any exposed iett with the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solution. Allow the specified liquid dishwashing detergent solu tion to penetrate for a few minutes, then con tinue lifting the broken underiaymem. c. Wear heavy gloves end be careful of wood splinters and fasteners sticking out of the back of the underiaymem. Each underiay mem board (or piece of board) should be removed from the work area as soon as it has been pned up to avotf infunea (such as stepping on a nail). Fasteners protrusng from removed board should be flattened with a hammer. Place rammed underiaymem boards on skids with the naiie pointing downward. Wrap skid with 8-mi polyethylene plastic sheeting and secure with duct tape. Identify 26 with a label stating; "Caution -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Con tainer. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose m an approved tanofi only.'' d. After each panel has been removed. pu< out any naiis or fasteners still in the subitoc Dispose of these end any other, nails or fastaners which have been removed but are still laying in the work area. e. A chisel it not needed to start the mmov of boards after the first board has been removed. Simply work the pry bar under (hr exposed edge of the next board. I. When removal of the undariayment under the existing floor is complete, thoroughly check the exposed subfloor. Renail loose antes and reset any "popped" nails or fasteners. g. Vacuum up any dirt using the HEPA vacuum dcaner with the metal floor tool. h. After vacuuming, used KEPA filters and deaner bags should be removed according ft) the manufacturer's instructions and piaeec in a heavy-duty impermeable trash bag with a label stating "Caution--contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose in an approved landflH only" Cloee and seel the trash bag securely for disposal. I. After the wood subfloor is completely dry. install the new underiaymem andfcr floor covering according to the manufacturer's installation instructions. Complete Removal of Wood Undariayment Under Existing Tlie Definitions a. Wood Subfloor A subfloor is selected for structural purposes and is the substrate for the underieyment. b. Vfaod Underiaymem - This is the smooth surface that is selected to receive the resilient floor covering. e. Wood Subfloor Underiaymem Combination This is the type of construction that must meet me structural requirements as wall as Dm a state* surface to receive the reader* floor etMenng. Supplies & tools 1. Chisel 2. Hammar or manat 3. Short and long ttandisd pry dan 4. Heavy gloves 5. Utility or nook knita 6. Large-size heavy-duty tmparmaaola trash bags (or ctosad impermeable comainar) with ties, tape. or string to tia tha bag shut and tags tor (abating 7. Tank-type High Efficiency Particulats Air (HEFA) wattory vacuum daanar with disposabia dust bags and matai floor tool (no brush) S. Sfflil polyethylene shsating 9. Commercial-type hend-hald hot air biowar or a radiant hast sourca 10. Ouet tapa Removal of tils at undsrtaymant Joints a. namova any binding strips or other restric- is tive motdings from doorways, waks, ate. b. Starting at the doonmy or a floor ventila tion vent, locaia a joint in an undartaymant board. * c. Start tha removal of tha tile at tha undartaymant joint by carefully wedging tha scraper in tha ssam of two adjoining bias and gradually forcing tha edge of one of tha bias up and away from tha tloot Do not break off pieces of tha Me, but continue to force tha balance of tha tile up by working tha scraper beneath tha Ufa and exerting both a forward pressure and a twtsang acoon of tha btada to promote release of the die from tha adhasne and thefiooc Continue to remove tile in Me manner at all underlayment joints until al board joints are exposed. 26 d. Whan the first tile is removed, place it. without breaking it into smaller pieces, in tha haavyduty impermeable trash bag or dosed impermeable container wrwen will be used for disposal. Removed bias can be placed in empty fee canons first and then placed in the heavy-duty impermeable trash bags, lo pre vent fearing of the heavy-duty impermeable trash beg, plan only one full canon of removed tile m a bag. a. With the removal of the first tile, accessibility of the other fees is improved. Force the scraper under the exposed eage of another fee, and continue to exan a prying, .twisting force to the scraper as it is moved under the fee unfe the fee releases from the undectaymem. Remove end dispose of eacn fee in the manner above. Avoid walking on the exposed adhesive as much as possible. Close full bags tightly and seal securely tor disposal. Identify with a label stating: "Cau tion -- contains asbestos. Avoid Opening or Breaking Container. Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Health. Dispose m an approved landfill only." f. Some feet wilt release quite easily while others require varywg degrees of farce. Where the adhesive is spread heavily or the fee to banded tightly, it may prove easier to force the scraper through the tightly adhered areas by striking the scraper handle with a hammer using bkwrs of moderate force while mainiaining the scraper at a 2S* to 30* angle to the floor g. If you encounter areas where even the above methods will not remove the tiles, the removal procedure can be stmpUited by thoroughly heating the fees with a hot-air blower or a radiant heat source until the heat penatraiee through the fee and softens the adhesive. NOTE: Handle the hot-air biowar carefully to amid injury. Do not use a blowtorch or open flame. Use caution not to bum or char the tile. Use adequate ventilation. jgrt&X Removal of wood undortaymcnt bonds a. Aftar ad the dies have been removed from tha undertayment jom. drive a efts*, using s hammer or naist. between the underlay* mam bom} and the aubtooc Um the chisel to pry up tha undartaymant enough to insert apcybar.andmmmnmeetwol. Steady and cwafudy um pry ban to pry up tM underlay* mant boartl a wtta at a time untt the board is comptetaty Ioom and can ba removed. b. Caution must be used *> avoid breaking tha undertayment beard. The undertayment beard stwuid ba removed in one pwce. if tha undertayment board breaks heat and cut the Uaat tha break. than eontmua to remove brotian undartaymant. c. Waar haavy gloves and ba careful el wood sptintom and Jbstsnam sticlting out of tha back of tha undartaymant. Each underlaymant board (or piaea of board) should ba removed from tha work area as soon as it has bsan pnad up to avoid injuries (such at napping on a nail). Eastman protruding from removed board should be flattened with a hammer. Pfacs ramovad undartaymant boards on skids wkh tha nada pointing downward, wrap tno wan om potyutnytana ptaanc ihaabng and aacum with duct taps, Identify vwth a iabat anting: "Caution -- conasns lOHBt Amid Opening or Braaking Con* tamer Breathing Asbestos is Hazardous to tour Haatth. DispoM in an approwad landfffl only." d. Aftar aach board has baan ramovad. pull out any naMs or (astanan sail in tha aubflooc OispoM of thaw and any other naita or faatanan wfaeh hava baan ramovad but ars std laying m tha work ana. a. A ehisal is not natdsd to start tha removal of boards attar tha tint board has baan ramovad. Simpty work the pry bar under tha exposed edge of tha two board, f. Whan ramovai of tha undartaymant under tha tasting floor ta comptata thoroughly chock tha exposed aubAooc Rertak tooaa 30 areas and mast any "pepped" nans or fiseners. g. Vacuum up any dirt in the area using the MBPA vacuum cleaner with me meat floor took Ik After vacuuming, used HERA fitters and cleaner bags should bt .(amend according s manufacturer's mnucoona and placed in a heavy-duty impsrmeaDte trash bag with a tabai.stating -- "Caunon'i-comsin# asbestos. Amid Opening or Snaking Conoinet Breathing Aabeatoa m Hazardous to tour Haakh. ntapoae in an approved landfill only" Com and saal tha trash bags securely .for L Aftar the fioor ia completely dry, install the new undertayment andtor floor covering according to tha manutacturar's irmaiiaton atatmetiona.