Document JvBYYMqKYp1K3kw55erBm7Mja

laterefflc* PLAINTIFF'S EXHIBIT FIBER INDUSTRIES, IN CEL-1117 90105 TO from Management Workshop Group S. L. Swearengin no' SLS-37-72 REF NO DATE August 21. 1972 Subject: OSHA Standards for Safety Color Coding Plants,, Equipment, and Piping The OSHA color code, established by the American National Standmrds Institute (ANSI), is intended to supplement the proper guarding or elimination of hntardous conditions. The marking of a hazard should never be accepted as a substitute for eliminating it whenever possible. RED - "Red shall be the basic color for the identification of fire protection equip ment and apparatus, danger, and stop." Here are some typical applications for the color red: FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT AND APPARATUS - Standards require that fire alarm and blanket boxes, pumps, industrial hydrants, buckets, sirens, sprinkler pipes, and fire exit signs be painted red. This color should be used on extinguishers also, but if this is impractical, the housing, wall, or support can be painted instead to identify extinguisher location. The reels, housings, or supports of all fire hoses must be coded with red, as well as sprinkler system post indicator valves. If the valve presents a possible traffic hazard, the post should be painted black with yellow stripes. DANGER - According to the safety code, red lights must be provided at barricades and temporary obstructions, and danger signs must be painted red. The standards also state that portable containers of flammable liquids, with a flash point at or below 80F. (open cup method), excluding shipping containers, shall be red. In addition, either a yellow band around the can or the contents stenciled in yellow is required for identification. STOP - Emergency stop bars, stop buttons, and emergency electrical stop switches on machinery must be painted red. YELLOW - "Yellow shall be the basic color for designating caution and for marking physical hazards such as striking against, stumbling, falling, tripping, and 'caught in between'." The safety code allows yellow and black stripes or checks to be used interchangeably with solid yellow to attract the most attention in a given situation. Some of the required applications for yellow include construction equipment, such as bulldozers, material handling equipment, such as forklifts, and the exposed, unguarded edges of platforms, pits, and walls. Yellow must be used on any fixtures, such as pipes, pulleys or traveling conveyors, which extend from the ceiling or walls into normal operating areas. FtO- 89 Management Workshop Group SLS-37-72 August 21, 1972 090106Page 2 Lower pulley blocks and cranes, handrails and guardrails, as well as posts or pillars which might be struck require yellow coding. Regulations also specify yellow for use on the horizontal edges of vertically sliding elevator doors and on the vertical edges of horizontally sliding pairs of fire doors. Yellow will also be used for caution signs and warnings against starting, using, or moving equipment under repair. Painted barriers, flags, and other similar warnings must be displayed conspicuously at the starting point or power source of machinery. ORANGE - "Orange shall be used as the basic color for designating dangerous parts of machines or energized equipment which may cut, crush, shock, or otherwise injure and to emphasize such hazards when enclosure doors are open or when gear, belt or other guards around moving equipment are open or removed, ex posing unguarded hazards." Some typical areas where orange coding is required include safety starter buttons and the inside of transmission guards for gears, pulleys, or chains. The exposed parts (edges only) of pulleys, gears, rollers, cutting devices, and power jaws must be painted orange, as well as the inside of movable guards, such as the picker guards in textile plants. PURPLE - "Purple shall be the basic color for designating radiation hazards. Yellow should be used in combination with purple for markers such as tags, labels, signs, and floor markers." X-ray, alpha, beta, garana, neutron, proton, deutron, and meson are the kinds of radiation covered by this standard. Purple must be used in areas indoors and out where radioactive materials are stored or handled. Contaminated areas, such as burial grounds and storage locations for contam inated materials and equipment must be coded with purple. Contaminated equipment not placed in special storage, and containers and disposal cans for radioactive materials will be painted purple. The safety code further requires the use of purple signal lights to indicate when radi ation-producing machines are in operation. GREEN - "Green shall be used as the basic color for designating "Safety" and the location of first aid equipment other than firefighting equipment." Typical kinds of safety equipment that require the green color coding Include gas masks, first aid kits, and stretchers. First aid dispensaries, safety deluge showers, and safety bulletin boards should also be green. Management Workshop Group SLS-37-72 August 21, 1972 090107 Page 3 BLACK AND WHITE - "Black, white, or a combination of these two, shall be the basic colors for the designation of traffic and housekeeping marking." The safety code further recommends solid black, single color striping, alternate stripes of black and white, or black and white checks be used in accordance with local conditions. In traffic areas, black, white, or a combination should be used to mark directional signs, the location and width of alsleways, the borders of stairways, and deadends of passageways. For housekeeping purposes, the location of refuse cans, drinking fountains, and food dispensing equipment must be coded with black and white. These colors will also be used to indicate floor space that must remain clear, such as areas around first aid, firefighting and other emergency equipment. IDENTIFICATION OF PIPES - This color code complies with the American Standards Association (ASA) scheme for identifying piping. The scheme includes pipe fittings, valves, and pipe coverings. Excluded are pipe supports and brackets and conduits for solids carried in air or gas. RED - ASA Class F Fire Protection and Sprinkler Piping 964 Federal Safety Red - Post indicator valves for sprinkler systems YELLOW or ORANGE - ASA Class D Dangerous Materials 944 Federal Safety Yellow 956 Federal Safety Orange - Flammable Liquids - Gasoline, Naphtha, Fuel Oil, etc. - Poisonous Gases - Chlorine Gas, Ammonia, Sulphur Dioxide, etc. - Corrosive Liquids - Acids, Alkalis - Steam, Water, or Air at High Temperatures and Pressures. BLUE - ASA Class P Protective Materials 721 National Blue - For Preventing or Reducing Hazards of Dangerous Materials. Includes special gases to counteract or neutralize poisonous fumes, which are piped for releasing in event of danger - all protective materials other than fire protection. GREEN - ASA Class S Safe Materials 933 Federal Safety Green - Low Temperatures and Pressures; Non-Poisonous - Non-Flannable. Water, Syrups, Glycols SLSrksa >/ S. L. SweaY-engin Superintendent of Safety <>