Document Jv86M5v5Z5xNGkgG2QO7bemEB

FILE NAME: Pfizer (PFIZ) DATE: 0000 DOC#: PFIZ003 DOCUM ENT DESCRIPTION: Sales Literature and Advertising UIGLEY COMPANY, INC. Monulocturers of Refractories -- Insulations 235 E. 42nd Street N e w York, N.Y. 10017 WATER RESISTANT REFRACTORY LAGGING INSULAG A superior refractory lagging with unsurpassed insu lating and sealing properties for use on high or low temperature equipment. Can be applied on hoc or cold metal surfaces. Fuel savings, constant cemperatures and increased production result from its use. Increases in thickness after application and retains this increased volume throughout its entire range of service temperatures. Does not collapse after it has set, from contact with water, oil or steam. is non-injurious as contains no mineral wool or fine slag particles which are irritants to the body. Develops high mechanical strength upon drying and withstands shock, moderate abrasion and vibration. Canbeapplied by gunin thin coats to effectaperfectseal. Block insulation is effectively covered and protected. Makes a good expansion jointing. Has excellent insulating qualities. Weight expanded 36 lbs. to a cubic foot. Expands approximately l/jj" for each inch applied if installed immediately after mixing. Has temperature range of 2200F. limit for interface temperature. 3 lbs. usually covers one square foot l" thick. Sets firmly on cold set in 24 hours. Can be apptied by gun, grout or trowel. Packed in 100 lb. multiwaU, moisture-proof bags. Proper instructions for use enclosed in each bag. SPECIAL APPLICATIONS coating applied by Quigley C O. Gun on new open hearth silica roofs--increases life by eliminating inicial spalling. 1/ 2" coating on brick-lined doors when new, prevents spalling. Scaling Tuyere when banking Blast Furnaces. Insulation and sealing Bustle Pipes. Expansion Joints at jamb in Coke Ovens. Insulating walls for comfort between furnaces in work ing areas of Reheat Furnaces. When banking Blast Furnace seal Bosh usually by spraying. Insulate outside of Reheat Furnace. Cover block insulation on outside Stoves. Spraying Annealing Oven interiors to seal cracks and spalling. Sealing Regenerator chambers in Rolling Mills. SUMMARY OF PROPERTIES Temperature Rang Selling Characteristics Application Thermal Conductivity K factor in tJ.o./ *q. ft./inch it)It./ W r. Spelling Weigh 1 Coverage Pocking 2200"F. Interface Hydraulic Set By Gun, Grout or Trowel @ 500* F. .5<J @ 1000*F. .70 @ 1500"F. .84 Negligible 36# to a cubic foot 3# covers 1 5tj. ft. 1* thick 50# bags UIGLEY COMPANY, INC. Manufacturers of Refractories -- insulations 235 E. 42nd Street N e w York, N.Y. 10017 \ C ~ 332lt#4-- CM-- S-70-- AM P. (Thit esaeth and tupcrudtr all pttviaut Ulnalurt) Print.! In U .S .A . UIGLEY COMPANY, INC. Manufacturers of Refractories --Intulalians --Painti 235 E. 42nd Street N e w York, N.Y. 10017 WATER RESISTANT REFRACTORY LAGGING I GREAT STRENGTH - QUICK SETTING - LIGHTWEIGHT - HIGH TEMPERATURE EXPANDS -- DOES NOT SHRINK -- WATER & OIL RESISTANT - FIREPROOFING INSULAG A superior refractory lagging with unsurpassed insu lating and sealing properties for use on high or low temperature equipment, * Can be applied on hot or cold metal surfaces. Fuel savings, constant temperatures and increased production result from its use. Increases in thickness after application and retains this increased volume throughout its entire range of service temperatures. Does not collapse after it has set, from contact with water, oil or steam. Is non-injurious as contains no mineral wool or fine slag particles which are irritants to the body. Develops high mechanical strength upon drying and withstands shock, moderate abrasion and vibration. Can be applied by gun in thin coats to effect a perfect seal. Block insulation is effectively covered and protected. Makes a good expansion joiating. Has excellent insulating qualities. Weight expanded 36 lbs. to a cubic foot. Expands approximately *4" for each inch applied if installed immediately after mixing. Has temperature range of 2200F. limit for interface temperature; 2000F. direct flame. 3 lbs. usually covers one square foot 1" thick. Sets firmly on cold set in 24 hours. Can be applied by gun, grout or trowel. Packed in 50 lb. multiwall, moisture-proof bags. Proper instructions printed on each bag. HOW TO M IX and APPLY INSULAG Mix INSULAG and water (50# bag Insulag to 3x/ i gal. water --approx. 60% Insulag to 40% water) --to con sistency of heavy plaster. Mixed INSULAG must be applied in 30 min. DO NO T MIX MORE than can be applied in 30 min. After INSULAG has been applied, do not trowel out air pockets that honeycomb INSULAG during bloating period. Use wet trowel about an hour later to smooth out. INSULAG trowels out smooth, hard and white. For reinforcing use 2x2 -- 16 Ga. square mesh or metal lathe on 16" centers, well secured. Can be applied with Trowel-Gun or grout. No weather proofing is necessary. INSULAG can be painted --no sizing is necessary. Quigley AAA Paints in aluminum and colors are available. SU M M A R Y OF PROPERTIES Temperature Range 2200*F, Interface Setting Characteristics Hydraulic Set Application By Gun, Grout or Trowel Thermal Conductivity K (actor in B.t.u,/ @ 500'F. .56 sq. ft./inch thk./ @ 1000F, .70 ! hr,/F. @ 1500*F. .84 | Spalling Weight Coverage Negligible 36# to a cubic foot 3# covers 1sq. ft. 1" thick Packing 50# bags UIGLEY COMPANY, INC. Manufacturers of Refractories -- Insulations -- Paints 235 E. 42nd Street N e w York, N.Y. 10017 L A G .3 3 2 B r 6 .5 M f 5 / f 5 9 - A M P. (This cancels and supersedes all previous literature) Primed 1 U,S.A. r I N S U L A G n \ Rm . U, 8. Fat. Off. A HIGHLY EFFICIENT O INSULATING LAGGING With Air~setting Properties for a Wide Range of Temperature Applications WATER R E SIST A N T --E C O N O M IC A L Bulletin No. SS2-F A QUIGLEY PRODUCT Flo. I - 71mm loiWn liuoUtad WJh HSULAG. INSULAG is a superior refractory lagging with unsurpassed Insulating properties for use on high or low temperature equipment. It can be applied on hot or cold metal surfaces, and as a finishing coat for insulation, INSULAG possesses at recommended temperatures exceptionally high refractory and insulating properties. INSULAG ia used at operating temperatures at which other laggings fail, - Its unusual low heat storage and low thermal conductivity make INSULAG a most effective insulator for the control of temperatures. INSULAG permits reduction in thickness of heavy refractory walls and, in turn, decreases the heat capacity of the total structure. Fuel savings, constant temperatures and increased production result from its use. INSULAG increases in thickness after application and retains this increased volume throughout its entire range of service tempera tures. INSULAG, after it has set, does not dissolve or collapse from contact with water, oil or steam, which properties make it an out standing product. Fig. 3 - l a t l s n Insulated Willi INSULAG. Fig. 3 - W o lli Oucti, C o fln gi. Drum, of L a ra * Bailor In iu la to d W ith IN S U L A O . POWER PLANTS---INSULAG meets the engineer's demand for a suitable material for covering turbines, feed water heaters, hot liquid storage tanks, drums, smoke flues, stacks, pipes and flanges. It is also recommended ns insulation in back of re fractory tile of water wall boilers and outside Are brick walls in boiler furnace construction. ON BOILER DRUMS--INSULAG, used on the boiler drums because it does not crack in service, can be walked on without de struction, and does not collapse due to steam leaks or water dripping on same. FIRE-PROOFINC-- Bins, walls, roof struc tures, furnace rooms, columns, etc., may be protected against fire by applying INSULAG as a veneer coating. The Are retardant properties of INSULAG render it ideal for this purpose. CENERAL USES-- INSULAG has such a wide range of uses that it is indispensable as a plastic lagging in plants using fuel fired furnaces. It is "the lagging material of a thousand uses." QUICK SUMMARY 1 ' auali 8* ot B n brleit in Insulating Tain. I/tO Seat etarage capacity ot 8ra brick (or iam boat Sow. High mechanical strength. Operating tempera tor U80*F. Interface. Light weight--re t ragged and strong. Sets quickly. Adaptable--agitable for practically every lagging need. Water relatent--steam, ell or water k i l n do not deetroy. Expands--an Inch applied k more.than an Inch when dried. INSULAG is hipped in 50 lb. bogs, net. P R O P E R T IE S O P 'i IN S U L A G low i 'Hebmal.conductivity-IN SU LA G retains practically constant insulating values throughout its service range, so that under varying conditions and temperature changes there is no appreciable loss of insulating efficiency. One inch of INSULAG has an insulat ing value equal to about nine inches of fire brick and has , about 1/iO the heat storage capacity of fire brick walls of equal heat flow. Therefore, relatively thin applica tions of INSULAG may be substituted for heavy masses of refractories; heat losses are reduced and furnace production is increased. niCII MECHANICAL STRENGTH--INSULAG is differ ent. It develops high mechanical strength upon drying and successfully withstands shock, moderate abrasion and vibration. The impact of a hammer will cause a dent in INSULAG and may even crack it, but the blow will not cause it to break away readily from the equipment to which it was applied. This is most advantageous on drums, tanks, pipe lines and other equipment subject to rough usage. HIGH TEMPERATURE LIMITS--INSULAG will with stand a wide range of applications for high temperature direct exposure and is recommended for interface tem peratures up to 2200`F. EXPANSION -- INSULAG expands after application; physicnl shrinkage eliminated. LIGHT WEIGHT-- On the average, three pounds of INSULAG covers 1 square foot to a thickness of 1 inch. Varying conditions, methods of application, hard trowel ing, kinds of surfaces, variations in mixing, water con tent, and temperature of surfaces at time of application may require more material. QUICK SETTING -- INSULAG cold-sets firmly in 24 hours to 48 hours and in much less time when subjected to heat. The quick drying and setting characteristics of INSULAG permit troweling to a smooth finish suit able for painting. ADAPTABILITY-- IN SU L A G possesses properties neces sary for "roughing" coat and "finishing" coat, or two coats by one application. The user of INSULAG does not find It necessary to carry in stock two or three different materials for the same job. WATER RESISTANT--INSULAG, after setting, does not dissolve or collapse from contact with water, oil or steam. This is a decided advantage in plant maintenance. INSULAG is a superior product for insulating equip ment exposed to the weather. I NON-INJURIOUS--INSULAG contains no mineral wool, or fine slag particles which are irritants to the hands or other parts of the body. A feature of INSULAG which particularly appeals to many users is the beautiful, smooth, white surface of a trowelled finished job. I If desired an INSULAG trowelled finished job can be treated with Quigley TRIPLE-A Protective Coatings in white, black, colors or aluminum. Various combinations of INSULAG with other IN SULINS Products can be made for specific applications. FIs. 4--Sloom D rb n Cootod With INSULAG. No W rapping o, Pointing Noewwry. l% ULAOfT R * ** dlam . l I0A S. high) itunlotnd With JlwT IfBS Itigt Sffsjl & Tank and lotlor DomuHc Fual Olt lu m tr Intalotad WIItt INSULAG--THICKNESS IN INCHES REQUIRED FOR VARIOUS HOT FACE TEMPERATURES 8.T.U. L O S T PER SO. FEET PER H O U R D U m LU X Oz 0 < --I => iz/> oUL VO VO Ul Z 2bt2 O THIS CURVE IS BASED O N THE INSULATING MATERIAL CAST AND DRIED AND WITH A SURFACE EMISSIVITV FACTOR OF 0.69. How to Determine Heat Savings Effected by INSULAG. Chart above indicates the heat loss through graduated combination thicknesses of INSULAG, as well as the temperature of the outside surface o f the INSULAG at given temperature for the hot surface. ISO'F. ? Follow 130F. line upward until it meets 500'F. curve line. At this point follow horizontal line and read 2 in. Therefore a 2 in. thickness of INSULAG is required. 1. To determine the thickness of INSULAG required to give an outside surface temperature. Example; Temperature of the hot surface is BOO'F. What total thickness will give a temperature of about 2. To determine the heat loss through given thickness of INSULAG or from outside face temperature. Example; Similar conditions as that given under "1". From 130F, at bottom of chart follow upward until you read 90 B. t u.'s on the upper scale. g ^ UIGLEY COMPANY, INC. Manufacturers of Refractories -- insulations 235 E. 42nd Street N ew York, N.Y. 10017 s--. r\ I N S U L REG. U. S. PAT, OFF, FIREPROOFING I CEMENT INSULAG is a fire retardant, lightweight formulation, having a fire and water resistant smooth white surface. INSULAG weighs only 40 pounds per cubic foot; 1/^rd the weight of concrete, common brick or other such fire proofing materials. Therefore, excessive loads are not added to existing structures, or those under design. INSULAG was subjected to exhaustive fire-proofing tests by a nationally recognized research laboratory and large oil refinery. Their reports proved INSULAG is capable of withstanding THERMAL INSULAG is the ideal fireproof protection for Struc tural Columns, Beams, Channels and Angles, LP Gas Tanks, Oil Tanks, Tower Skirts, Pipe Line Sup ports and All Exposed Steel in Oil Refineries, Steel and Chemical Plants. INSULAG is regulary used as a Refractory Insulation by all types of industries, inside and outside of fur naces and boiler settings, for temperatures up to 2200F, It is also used for many types of insulations inside and outside of buildings, regardless of climate and without weather proofing. SHOCK without spalling or destruction when I 100 lb. per square inch water pressure was played on it by hose, with nozzle, at all distances, and at all temperatures up to 2000F. INSULAG is the only material required for a fire proofing and water resistant insulating job. BE ASSURED OF YOUR FIREPROOFING BY USING INSULAG PROPERTIES OF INSULAG A FIREPROOFING CEMENT LOW THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY--1" has insulating value of 9 " Firebrick HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH--Withstands vibration-- Moderate Abrasion HIGH TEMPERATURE L!M ITS-2200r. LIGHT WEIGHT--Trowelled: 40 lbs. per cu. ft. Gunned: Approx. 45 lbs. per cu. ft. QUICK SETTING-12-24 hours) Depending upon temperature and atmospheric conditions NON-INJURIOUS--Contains no mineral wool. I WATER RESISTANT--After setting does not dissolve or collapse in contact with water, steam or oil. Does not require water-proofing. ADAPTABILITY--Roughed or scratched, Coat and Finish Coat with one product INSULAG. Trowels to a hard smooth, white finished surface. r UIGLEY COMPANY, INC. Manufacturers of Refractories -- Insulations 235 E. 42nd Street N e w York, N.Y. 10017 Where to Use ACID P LAN TSStructural Steel for Absorption--Glover--Lussac Towers and Tanks CHEMICAL PLAN TSStructural Steel for Heaters--Chemical Units -- Still and Tanks COAL COLLIERIES AND M INES-- COPPER-LEAD-ZINC MINES-- Structural Steel --Bins --Underground Timber Supports G U S S PLANTSStructural Steel--Melt Room LUMBER MILLS Structural Steel--Fuel Bin--Burner--Dry Kilns OIL REFINERIES-- NATURAL GASOLINE P LA N TS- CARBON PLANTS-ASPHALT PLANTSStructural Steel--Vessel Skirts--Pipe Stanchions-- Supporting Steel of Towers--Heaters--Crackers-- Tanks --Gas Absorbers --Evaporators --Decar bonizing Units PAINT MANUFACTURERS-- Structural Sreel --Storage Tanks --Warehouse -- Varnish Plants PAPER MILLS-- Structural Steel--Recovery Furnace Room--Stock Rooms I STEEL MILLS-- Structural Steel Supports-- Blast Furnace--Conveyors--Scrubbers--Stoves By-Products Plant--Distillation Unit Coke Oven Plant--Pusher--Quenching Equip ment. Stock Piles--Conveyors-Coke--Coal SMELTERS-- Structural Steel Supports Anode Furnace Room Convertor-Platform Struts Refinery--Pouring Platform Reverbatory WAREHOUSES-- Inflammables-- Structural Steel How to Use INSULAG A FIREPROOFING CEMENT REINFORCEMENT or SUPPORT for STRUCTURAL STEEL Use flat expanded diamond mesh, with metal spacers or Use high rib lath or other suitable reinforcements, all to have comer beads. On Larger Surfaces, weld on studs, ro which attach square mesh welded fabric with opening of not less than 2 '`x2". INSTALLATION Can be Cost-- Trowelled or Gunned by using above conventional methods of reinforcements. M IXIN G for Cast or Trowelled installations, add sufficient water to make a smooth easy-working mixture. Use clean, fresh water at 60-65F. An average mixture takes about ten and one-half (TOVz) gallons of water to a one hundred (100) pound bag. M ix only quantity that can be applied within twenty (20) minutes. For Gun Applications use minimum air pressure and maximum quantity of clean fresh water at 60F., but no higher than 90F., that permits placement without slump. APPLICATION A one and three quarters ( 1 % ) inch thickness is required for a three (3) hour tire resisting rating. Apply by either Cast-- Trowel or Gun method. A one and one eighth (1 V) to one and one quarter (1 Vc) inch thickness of mixed INSULAG which will bloat to one and five eighth (1 Va) to one ond three quarters (1 % ) inch. Allow to set, if a smooth finish is required, SCRATCH or ROUGHEN this surface before applying the one eighth ( Vt) inch finishing coat. H the original application has dried, same should be moistened prior to applying the finished coat. For the finish coat, INSULAG should be mixed with water, allowed to bloat and remixed. This finished coat should be trowelled smooth. Additional Fire Resistance Rating can be secured by increasing thickness of INSULAG. DuJUctin 333-- # 3 -- F P -- 5 M -- 3-70-- A M I '. I 1' tt, JP i . d 1 ; . J j-i ill SH Osc y s^d pctGtf'al dv'e|;?ii3r.ts 5'" sngtoswring skills and tachnalogy an bs vui no w ori a in various areas cf public n eaiiiK ^rtEiOuyii aitji'ii'iiC&iMi ituiiS' ficns hav bn m ad s b* nglsiasrs to clinical and diagnostic medicine, many after sis ea: M bens&t frcrn ths ap^lf- cation of existing technology and from ~ -i-.i:(-iiiy ' -- t ":r.1.-"-A I..- t-.-LP- -- -J~- fcttKS 8 e ci 8 1.. si M.S!si?iws i of NSWYork '>,, U.'JtewsRy Tb.e adaptation uf engineering techniques and the fesraat - at?e^icM iiE g technology lo & solution of medical problems is an especially appealing concept. *?ibz ras ocra'dr?? thn -r- medicine of eng:*- i4@fiirl.iisj XzJi&QdVi*-?1.* 3iSiifilcjiiV&C'gjk.>? JUn plsfie, devises Iwart lu# kidney dialysis units, or irajwoved diagnostic instal ments iaassdiataly row to mind. The spate pro gram, aepacialiy, has contributed to jixys'ci gio&v monitoring instromentatkm and signal processing, as well as tc a ft H< s k in , ' r i T- \ 1 cert&i: ' y pro- C09R. An entire subproiesgiou, i>kwai|,umiiiua, with over 3S00 membssra now funotions as part of both ft,, a a i n sr ic d scnrEnritea The- dhr,B,"j id conunnn^stisn that have devd- *jp*4 iMrtwaan the eapBi - nag ana medical a n asnc?.t5 have followed naturally from activities of this tyj s A m s vciofy cf rnnfea - aud n jii'rrila are held annually with such topics as inst.ni- SEteSfac, i s t K e l c::g: i safer.-c.1 sysisms uommf'iijog t, sessiona. Lfev....1 .frrrr**5?* "nceieeain'y ;r -Ith an " - L fth ou hnLar tcpfca, new s? fct. hfei-.y crivorsi- ties have standing --inltisee c-f snginecring ana medical faculty to qndder ftas a^aui -- mutual oc operation and interest. : :tevelcao . i s jra 5ltso: ;..: i end tl :as ri - ? r ` C"-----:--.:ry' Bm dans.;?:*a:s;^:. it siVyit s / 3 . ep m :::: '-V.^asr.l;. ^; tc tb.sr.3 2Ta 3Gxt;d:.:ix.e: ?r-:IC c:rii';"'::.-:.in ;; -aKpatti. P3 fee.. hoti'SVCi', U ' V .iS'.-.fll impact on health Lum U. L w u . H it cat hi damonstratiA-, In ;e;is :--.r - PA- c- .-:-.s. Mount Sinai Eospita. in Nsw Ifocr'i ~'l-- Koicas -j treatment c-f ell lo ss pqMnnte in wards asai semipriv&te and private riaaia during oce cay were reviewed to determine the use of electronic di- agnsstie sc ac.caitcring equipment (excludi: x-ray machines, siectroeardiographs, or routine laboratory <Z7p:rxx rrrt i_~ thh crtchTfe cf bi~si rpwinpe** i.issoi* uaijiKttS), etc.)- The s'cauiu cs^jivTM ... Table i [1].* D ohnf the 24-1 ..;riod of .Ian. 15, 1S78, only 3.S percent of the patients required treatm.sai utKmig vari-ouE electronic gsar, -sad only 14.3 psrcsni rs- celved such treatment at any be. during Iji.bV has- pitalwatior. If erne also excludes electroencephalo- gre.pl : m3 sariatraivaiy is the neexo ; y -t iatric d- partment, and hardly a new device, wiese pereeni- agss drop rc % an.*? 6 parcanf : raspactingly Adtii- uuiuiuljr, Tadio 1, -irica a;sc bits t b bcctnmb m lp a sK i used, shows only thru; devices that ~3rs developed in &asiast de>sdc This limited vm was not frm uam wwww oa ths part of the . ii 5c 1 staff c in vailabi itj ia th* hospital. Fortune magarine of January, Win, the very w . ati of tfcii s-.jrrvej. stated that Mount Sms; Hnspitm was ''one or riu most m w iit vdy .... tcr'.c.tc'i hip hrmgtfic *?.*. " Wh-.t this lAtutvd use doss show is that xuei: c i oicmpdicai sc PTi.-v~r.fr la irrelevant to ths everyday prish.tr.r. cf care. Additions! evidence of the lack of impact of tedi- or.i!.v.; t". arior.'Ehealth can be obtal: xL ~m n an analysis of the life cspcc-taney of ths If. S. papa- Atior over a period of tbr. An iaftmt aas a nie - yaais bosh in 1900 ^Etibiotics and vaccines, whfek have viitiLirily yripsc cut chi:rV.Yril ferihstbai dlassa- es, k v a bean the major factors in tfefe tew ssed life - --ctacqy Eowsver, the attampts o f i jdi ;h e anc technol^y to p?*3long life in adnliJaxid Lave been, to irtp sing larly .-jcsucaeafoL Figure 1 shows that the life cspsstancy or 0 . S- wens males, age Ch% baarn t improved in the rest 200 years [Sfj. For engineering and technology to cMsvs "Uatari * Nfi3n?mivc5 fra! / MAY1-573 / i ZZ.Z.~., Ziia p U a jiiC i i . tv ta ttl :;L v v Z v--~ -,: Z-Z ; ( ii :.". 1 cj ii- ;i k . snd m is la.....iioria of u .-~ major medics! centers to the de- fcrtaiscip sf c o x x a i!:ty mscicire, 4a jh--;-- - medi- ] si ;*rfi i s ib* .y : jx.pg. of fe&lfch. Pagvsntivc medhsrs, cfteapisticcii health, | viveny se m6kal care, aeciisRfc prswsu~K* ami j Bit: health aspects of SvaVaSf-iilty y isiio living all offer - Z Z -.-Z rZ Z rZ iiZ -,'Z Z if Z : -7---.. 7.b : i -- . . . 7.,-.. ; .;:-_,-.i7 . .' -:--Z-. ,, . . . . `i | nearing community, problems whose solutions can " ijis-zt: a impaoi. m public health. Ws have been able to send a man to the moon in an environ ment clean enough to perform major surgery, yet a i large number cl America's workers labor in dust con ditions that would hfi oonsTfSerad intolerable even by kefeeafch-Ocnfeuy st&nd&rde in other dresi# 1 stances, a patient can await replacement of a mitral | wd in. a $150-.-dey room while a few blocks away j a child is doomed to a life of impairment as a result | of permanent brain damage suffered from eating 1 leaded paint failing from the ceiling Into his crib, j For a significant impact to be made in msny of : slsass broad areas of community health, U 1* not nec essary that new, sophisticated technology or elabo- h! od<*et*y 1*a developed Who* is nfied! 1 the ' application of existing technology to this relatively neglected class of medical problems. Of equal lu ll portanee is the need for an engineering systems ap- ", preach to such large-scale health issues. In many areas of community health, itiwbm can Le slcvel- oped. system, components and their interactions de- | fined quantitatively, and changes and their co?*?- J quences simulated as part of a comprehensive ap- I sroach to the solution of urban health problems. | A consideration in detail of s specific example of these | bread problems -that of the health affects associated I with she commercial and Industrial uses of asbestos-- j will illustrate the role of the engineer in their solution. j , of a iis::-:-~a.-z-/.-r:? h-selth ->~- f supational exposure to asbestos dates from 1907, i when Montague Mvv**. * physiden at London's 1 Charing Cross Hospital, described the severe lung t scarring' found in 5 I9CC* autopsy performed nr, a 33- z year-old former asbestos-textile worksi who oeon 1 the sole survivor of a group of 10 individuals aai- MECKAHICftt. ENSINEEittfMi t MAY is / s / jS 8 tr LfJ3C tlCL-HL-' $ ipjfrjsi'r.p' p v j; ter V:d ask;3 m ft?S! 5h Al: VI ': l ployed in a factory since 1888 [31. A 1930 British study [4j further documented the pervasive presence of asbestosis (the term applied to the pulmonary fi brosis and scarring resulting from the inhalation of significant quantities of asbestos) in factory workers. This lea to the imposition ox what were thought tobe stringent control measures in British factories producing asbestos products. Later research uncov ered the existence of an additional problem. Lung cancer was suggested as being causally associated with an asbestos exposure in 1933 [5], and the associ ation was fully confirmed in 1948 [6] and 1955 [7] studies. In spite of this long history of disease, studies oi SoiiVnff Hammond: and Ohure: t h a t a n asrto r.T ' TiVJo J-. . T ?;,-;tc2 i i U :a Jfci ;? j x v l s a i s t i l l s s d s *)a ;x\ ;;>/-i V 6.tf,0 C 'JX.S.d LlV M S r . . ; r ." <cr s * .f . "[)[(' A.,.ms C&'R ' h O S 9C3 d. i v-(Cvd/ 8 d y 1: of th e ~n - '. s J : ' ' v . . m i c z , s c t r . t a t e o p i t '; d h ; icSi.VL1. GUSpc. a d a c . c s h a s k o e ci OiTJI ::a 3 iC t s i . J a x a 2 f e e Tdi & r a d a l i l y ascjc dfy s^i'CC c f t f c i . i p a:f 5\?'vjVCJ:cC,'i T-lv r u g h 1 1 7 1 C i ; I;0i ft 1. j f th<8 dsfcfrJbis of these iti. 10 from was feoza hxrmg s dinssiss 22 rsrs ill i population mat pernaps oruy uue m 10.000 deaths are xrom tms cause; one in w ironi J- uiiC gijlSuyiiilbtxjtitkui ..--- . ....w .......... ....-- U. .A..peU.. U/U, V_U%, Z_ i:ll -XV- .i*iUiU Ui0/iiu v.U.....i. i w U u u% M. Ct .U.U^V,,V4V. ^ 7vT ^ s> 1*1w afi pQ2*gjQ| nv fijiiwia -.i'-"if=-:F' rleaths; csi?. attributed to their oc- ntipstiona! ornoswre to asbestos. Moreover, recent studies of an asbestos-nvndncts manufacturing facili ty point to the existence" oi an even greater neaiin problem iniactories |9J. Hi iiiiuitrJii tO :... ... --. .....1--... , : fM liiiS lii SEiliSSil BtillliK UWil!ffilUSlilBSii asu;|-3[! iHri-;it ;m3i:m:r aaniiiiKi- Pig. S The cutting oi ssssstcs-scRtaiciRg pipe ccvwaig witri m .ten d saw equipped with a higSt-vusuesEy dust-coiiection system. construction sites, manufactured by the Welsh Manufacturing Go., trie --Svt riC-,, TABLE 2 D eaths am o n g 6 2 5 N .Y .-N .j. insulation Workers Observed Prospectively 1943-1 71, after R eaching 20 Years from O nset of Work 1! Expected Observed rofc^nt I " -- 1-- 1 dsailhs, *3 caaetw... | Lung cancer 11.2 -- i rwiToftgiii sfrgSsiSisiss _ .. t f -Cancer; stomach, -,3 12J5 Cancer: all other - S ', i'> 100.0 i 84 ."^j e- :i & i-S f i & r"` ia Kfa.Js i Asbestosis .................. 82 7,6 ! 236.6 201 i s * two other imDortant concepts were revealed in these itedtes: lit pk. ' -v- - Uuiftiduc&d Sty tte lossg laps y between onset of asbestos exposure sad the ind- =2Z Of 222232 2S2: '12 affects 3f EC-fseiC33 33t 55 p httasafey J.. dtaei^it. La viytaahy ml cases, ifc.- seu pationaiiy related deaths from asbestos exposure came only after 20, 30, 40, or more years since onset of exposure. This, of course, has presented consider able difficulties in attempting to apply proper con trol measures based on information of disease experi ence produced by inadequately evaluated environ mental exposures of past decades. In short, there is r-skNi t?,Kv.sIf?fe tfer- f a e A [ o c - v Til otha? problem c a c rsrrtrc ta i by chsi rc o ri'tz tj vrryzvrzz of -;r.32 crises S at; c syrsrpsiis zb fed exists between occupatsGuef asbestos axposttra sad rags*.... ra d d a g ia tb s svsllopxBSEsi of lung cancer. From a study of tbs mostaxify espenssce of individuals whose rjurkha* habits were knows, if. was t a d th at & oi iftfi deaths of SOS uaokiii^ <*- cwshs w orker wea .te* iuag <#<---. tK$cfn ofy one of 32 deaths of 87 nonsmokers was of lung can cer. t hus, while an asbestos exposure alone may give rise to some increased risk of lung cancer, the eombination of asbestos exposure and cigarette fes rJjsi r.r;ekt.".g . V i , . ; :::;(i.as v: jkj>.ir.atdly r 33' ju.*c iaatgatwd --i ct -iciig cd l.i:.g axcreer tc 3 iacivid'Jial who neither smokes im vsas - vsLtdi ashes fas. Ha j ss ft msssg ether sEsdical pocbleixE, w . . d&uingw&k 53almarsystems. Uaffestcaately, *b* he*I4fc p'-obA:. saociataa "fIf sabsst s ssrtead beyoard those iadfvicaals di rectly exposed fr. ev.ppsd e-r-'fcf by virtue of wui&iiig m me vicumy ox me application oi asuestos products, to the families of asbestos-factory workers, and to people who simply live in the neighborhood of mines or factories. Mesothelioma has been shown to occur in excess in shipyard employees such as weld ers, aspect a, el it smd &ra only indirect ly exposed to asbestos [13; Ssposvates j;; low? th aa occupational levels have alsobeev, linked to aaesothe- licraa 3wed 5a flKaaily aa nsighborhooc sap ...... jLcndlcn [11] and PssmBylvania [12]. Here we are coneoraoc with a problem .;.. oatirei^i i ISEss a* c.i nxemuens. ~Ji..aj exposures . ...... produced euuu <ukbft&ifa Wfeic jCsiiiLai iuSiu wiiiiSsMBw w.tis I&taOii aSiu bii i'.=Ss.k *> asbestos-related disease was concomitantly reduced. However, the number of individuals potentially ex posed is numbered in the tens of sainions. Of spe cial concern la this context Is the widespread ois- sssatiactioB :a recent years of asbestos into the savi- laaeasnt through the spray Srapssafaeg of high-rios tiffin; buildings, a process now banned in suwnwrt cities. A^iNOii'ns in SatuhvammUM Control Having identified the scope of the health problems associated with the use of asbestos and asbestos products, a cooperative eiiort was initiated a t M ount am.,; a,.;,,,; -.si Metnuiie =--cuiltiol Jitiuju; --Aposuiete 'vO aSwiistC-c. ioi3 !,S13 tiiiiiCtu <ulu |9U9iiud^iiC!il Cvj.s 'j^jrlwcisctsd by jdku,*Ial ly gioists, physicists, and a m rdnaal{#sts t svalu ate all aspects of the health problem and to develoD asd impkB&a&t variouc oakio;. solutions. D ata were obtained on the variety of products incorporating as- fchsica un-i th? pstsn tiel i t s t azpaaorsa th a t aigfct 3*yi lujLg n.ar.cdi.wi.iro &d use. Studies utilizing optical and electron microscopy and electron microprobe analysis documented the air levels and tissue burdens of asbestos from occupational and environmental exposure. Research on control strate gies was mounted to reduce asbestos exposures to all segments of the population. In the initial efforts to develop control measures to ifflsrs an s s v M ksi gates who z-jtz, S t, end rant-; asb^tcS"Ccntiaihig tagmaae, :r;:;;Jcv;r-# i t V93 r f t x d i t h a t X U e it ZS$SSg feEstacl-O- gyfcad never been applied fas tMs fasdustry. Ax- ^.pysuilly ;;5<sy Aw iiw' c-f aust by raising csneols wass M a e plisha-d by rsquHag the manufacturer to i hip tl . m 'pi&kt'ic oags to which jsi= d .udstfas;accompiivhed wt-aout ( s a e c of duet. Severe inconsistencies in the area of respiratory protection were quickly revealed. Although insula tion contractors would supply workers with half- face-mask, replaceable-filter respirator approved by tfa" yint<gi. tV.ssy srsro tV3 i. I .ct; ;.)L i t!m ' h ;e:m. rAen : r i_uic raiayraaa ca, acy aasts';ieAoc site, h 3 respirators i...... i m x - ... .ra t c side and out and often were in a state cf krspsi?. Additionally their us by individuals w ith im paired breathing ability was produced by the relatively fe ai resistance :: the filter. A three-year -A ... lying safety equipm ent m anufEaturers, the Lc- xeetu oi iviiiica, uidusirxai-nygiene engineers irom Mount Sinai School ot Medicine, and Johns-Manville Corp. has finally culminated in the availability oi three economical, approved, cornfuilttblw respirators having minimum breathing resictasjce. C m sraa new undar davdopm si t th a t effst ;h appcriux&jr far te c lx o ltiic e l .-aifaf cj'scsricvlly SfOEx p*vx tashr.vlcgy is th a t of r s c a s ir-d s s rirg As yet, e o sffestiv portable a an adr- systsm is avsEahte far use in tb s *ah*stcs- r.iDSixletLor indostfiy ie r s t oor.fcxl c&oct^ ai W--.w 1, . 1. ... . .... .....5 V. Jl-iV, . >L.-i... .> .. : fiiV.ua.' V -.V.'.*.*>-M!.UVj. vWiVl.Mulai.lVU 'M.-.'A*-* MM>,, MU- qUUee vUioivUi, COIasixoa . AA eoupeiasiiiiss with engineers at Florida Institute of Technology, room cleaning systems are now being developed and test- in this study, such procedures as air cur iums mm dirscieii uir-cleaahig systsuis are under ccnfuderaiiac. Problems of Implementatton As in. all problems hardug B goi& ast impact on various groups in society, implementation of identi fied solutions to problems can be slow, difficult, and frustrating. Many of the solutions forthcoming from Uie M .S.S.M . insulation Industry Research Progmm were not immsdiatsiy uupieniented, although they H i m i litvs te u u v n u uUbi> S A p u e a ie S to OisS-i.siitxi CxieSt wkiioki wAisvesT it taie .... ?Vme theii y .. ssCfyURMifsi BMCfMEsm-JK I MaV 107^ > *1 If - ` : S5E J[:; 11 ----- rils ; ii "j l ; i board" implementation by industry, no single con tractor wished to be placed at even a slight economic disadvantage. Thus action by the federal govern ment was necessary, and an improved, but still inad equate, asbestos standard was promulgated by the Department of Labor on June 7, 1972, which incor porated some of the foregoing procedures [13]. It is important that engineering input be available for such implementation processes, especially to indi viduals proposing courses of action or budgetary com mitments by the government. Without such input, political or economic considerations will dominate the governmental decision-making process. Thus many research results and much technical develop ment may be wasted without the commitment of en gineers to the full process of development and imple mentation of the work. Occupational Health Asbestos was described in detail to illustrate the full scope of a health problem and the different as pects where the approach and the knowledge of engi neers proved of benefit. An engineering systems analysis of the commercial sad industrial uses of as- reaioo dsf-'asd the scop sf the naeefiat peclb se ... ----- /. - /- -- - ----- --- --- --- v is ra e sta l oKpcsuscs, engiksoensig tc;:-- eg was identified or dsveloned to control the excessive as bestos exposures found, and finally, engineering input into the regulatory process was of benefit in the initial steps taken by government to control toe uses ei asbestos. A*. tsAiini-fcoJ 2CC,C33 wkaw * . . 1 f ,. . .4 dhcci.1, oxpooed 5. - _ lv by virtue of their irshs The effect, on health achieved bv adeoil afefw^enritrollintr the occtirsatiorsnl use of this substance alone could result in a saving of over 5000 lives annually. Additionally, proper con trol of the work environment can significantly realise the application of existing technology. Many areas of health could benefit, but it will be necessary for the medical community to be educated as to what the potential contributions of engineers might be. While it is the medical community that requires the education, the initiative for this process must come from the engineering community. However, in bridging the communications gap that exists be tween parts of these two communities, engineers must reach out beyond the departments of medicine or physiology to the departments of community medi cine or occupational health. Epidemiologists and sociologists as well as surgeons and biophysicists must be contacted. Speak also to psychologists con cerned with the mental health of workers confined to the drudgery of a single task on a massive assembly line and those concerned with making the workplace, the home, or the automobile safer. However, as important as communication between engineers and the medical community is, it is only a first step. Dialogues at long range are singularly un productive. Also of limited productivity is the pro cedure of engmeers coming to medicine wittt a gadcot, a technique, or a materia!, and asking far a vas. Ws . o t i ' i m d b* wife jro t h e p s d b ie i c o n f r o n t i n g u s ....... e n g i n e e r m u s t M / . : . --- '1- . ' nity. He must stay current with new information and new technology, but for iuii effectiveness? iu field of public health he must Become totally im mersed in its activities, it migut us appropriate wj ok?? "*y SUjJgrjHi.iug i n.,'- tiiiJ-Kirnni.iuv ti =h far an invavcmant m paM hanks, replied "because that's where the money is." If enrrineers wish to make Sail. XXjt5.^5wi*/'ij OXb `OTXaXl&O health, they must go where the problems are. Raferan.mae Vnl. 10.1971. an. 21-24. r tfcc Centre! "* A;s5? I 2 - akKjuiScu m tb s work 0 <k i 1 eels are os the tosie substances list of the JNational 3 h j& g o rt a* r.ra* *MmajrgaM**rij sm s a fei%SDsnase,407StH7vSG:LoxuSra Essfael. 307- ZhstAute far O ujpati el Safst ocdHaaltfc work 4 Mere-- 3 ~ ' "A ~~ -tt--- era in refineries, chemical plants, and other factories ts s often exposed excessively to Baany of these sub shances, .tewei iiiai" of Uiese navy estanlisiMSP 5 Lyre*. K. M, sr.d Smith. W, A., "Patewassy AsSsto* H: Csrji .-= ti-i;- a, A#r* Jbanm } Cmetf, VA ,4, *i i i m i n i M o p n r t n f H u , 1 : h i o f I n c n p r t w nt 'Fartnrioa I n ? t n o Y o o r t'ld h l . . scops .. . . aspects ei stances has not been established, especially the long ten__If t i - idtl . c!eetE ; dfiiK atoor.bi; of materials. A multitude ui urgent challenges await ?hs s e d is fi sssd ee-n?," vait-es ease. Lihduurr-njaVigoff;n-dasiriai l jK b j b M Vi>!. 204, ID33, pp. iOG-112. tUUWLJ* Ciur, 0., uud sfsc.i. vfbL l'jca W. J./cisksSs; L 3., ; . E, C, K 0, be pub V-r'?*--T, A " ' s.A-.t-fr, s p a s r ' " ~ *> v v - . *.-4hri,p -ytrt.if.fv'iy --ilvv'ih' I s s ' ! A. ftf i > n r f 5 n c - V t l l o taaiiaalara' can have a significant impact on the so lution of major health problems. These lie in areas where the need for new developments is far less than me nscu tor an auaiytieai eAigiuecAlASg appruaeu and SS / WAV1" ~ / ^HA^SSA! .-. V, l* It .... iifchj. t. f. ,,5 'TT!s,!U.,,n!!rti,, inSail,! " KtSSifk nSU M M Vo.,isr/ww.t>7t)-6. ii iicvviiuaoo, .... i... anu lllviilCini,, visiaVitjiiumi. uiV.suiasr.u Pritssus FUvisg Bsbdssr is Asbssfcss in the Lnnd-v. Av-,." Br,&H jmituoi fndutirutl uedkirte, Vol. 22, IStS, pp. 2C1-26S. I surs,"Arch. Environ. Hcoith, vo\, 14. Apr 1997,pp. hsa-SKi w resow 4gistv vs;, if/, sans tats, pp. iiais-taset I Published by The Am erican Society of Mechanical fcGig..lSjg m, a -'ns rcavpB s:;s.::i2235:>:s tor hial'. .. A ioiorious ac-K-or gomrnunicasion beswser. we madieai and anginec-i log orimmimiiles has undoubtedly deprived mankind of vast areas oi M r* AltHendh nur weent space programs have dens much to develop channels of cooperation between these important profss- t'.rrr " rr-??.r? flirt it ," !"- ipryily - ot * the The nesd is r,c; so ir.ush for ns Ssvsicp--ante so it Sc Set atajHv the application of existing engineering technology and methods to .oedlcirtt and puttie health, it's c noe" tusftnng:; ' * ftaoi !: aar. Qu saver tnis month symaaiisco onginserins 5 madid. Sead aboe> ft In an article c-eginnsng on page IS. FF&Tii&F a^TSCLFS SUiBELiKES To FSOiSSSiSNAL EMPLOYMENT PGH EMGIMSERS Ai<a g^iH^TSgfS . iS, ?*. i,:,;irr av..:tufty oatsofyEng raisilonships between proisssisnal employees ana their employers. LNSiKaLBitvs A ds fublIO h e a l t h ................ wsiiiam J, feteheisen IS White s.ngir.sara end ieehosioey have had an impsat on soma areas at w iim r. there a an "open eoanma" far m ars iranstor to be accimipMShebu TSSHKCLCSY &2E HOST25 22AL 2r.:5:2r.T!2n , , , .................... ............................................................... .. K. M. S ie g e l en d T. K ailas 23 ^ast-.erA.afil a. g&sr&sstfSR ;s fisso.o.0, e: ui~.L.,, 3awafcj;...ju't work will bs rsiftrsd to sevens;*! any o? the new prooesioa to the iLSGTBQNic P is INSBfiCTs FlpEUriES iH PLACE . . . ............................ . f M to. sfssiih Is ilMre'a * noneasmiowm tuaii^auwenee xupecien tsohnique ter fpM"Tlrrr ** fJTiL.ii ;a-J'_L i.1 .tO-w'llt;5? P a rt g -- T ra a s p a n W sfe r ..................I t . P a s t e s r s A . O . ` 5y 3g= -Ji /A r*f thf? 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UkLAi m c n t h ; a.vTMv.e,.>iaa5*.-rtsaszvKg SsaE aij; Srisic Trcma^ertotgSm by Mrtonp ;r: nr. 4, ft'*:,ft c5nA, t5SaP-iTK5i. <fSL Sdttur r^rmrr? irtsctK- aa ai?t?A i TSft'. Staff Editor IUZCSU * nwtata**t-jrttor J.232T jCS'TI-t Nem 3tT.vr ettM A f&zms&lAft fedier #*=* *rt rume* JHS Sg9LBf. seitrrrr-f Production POLICY SCARS, COMMyKtCATIiS?* Ciudnnen end Vksc*P?Midant JAftSi &. Sifl?AiK3 Merribers-gt-ierge . & fia&si. 3 a , -a. a. k a d i , 5= F-. S E 2IS5, B , F, K iiS S S K .-ate/ Seerd Rsprasentodvos j. in. HSLl.. 3=5=0 Engineering s m. antuexL ambIEnblneering , ft eaapRft Power *- ft Vr, ft ft <J5. Prrrr" ',,`Gees SRh 8= P* ESCHKJBKENNKR, aSA K B 5S& , bbte. Bin &. G rF icsss o r ~ : r aow r MieHAWe. ruLsOS; President 1GS6SS 6-. nwidl. ***- jfc. k -b y w=~i k= SR Treasurer p- A- sssmn&np T. sift^pSs. ?! Je'rtaSMHf G. H. iSngf * p 2*rrrfi, Jr,. t. Sasiwsis; SLv;. iss;:Si s*. S3. cSqo, B. E.@tL S. Paste#. fcr'teOTjiJj. ft iater, W.ft ftfa. 65. s. fi=&S" 2, s . As Staearsr. 3?., J . c . ISSasSisas, J. A. t a ie e tt , ?. i13g^Ks=Ki. ii. siwsiie -5S" msyiMG? T r n * # *>r5'- a.hk ? 3 - ^ r,n " 7 wiSKSyj fcS::-2fei&eS