Document JrgBZ8X0XKkXOnd2YrOaR0MLv

ro* kO(TiON u>CCr nif i c*<ct TO R. E. Keller - St, Louis Organic Research - South Second Street April 17, 1970 ec: ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS ANALYZED BY MONSANTO FOR PCB's W. B. Fapageorge ' PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL J Mason H. S . Bergen J . E . Springgate R . E . Kelly E . P . Wheeler W. R . Richard M. W, Farrar E. S . Tucker This note summarizes work we have done to date on the detection o PCB's in environmental materials. The attached table covers a total >f 167 samples which have been analyzed. PCB's typical of our Aroclor products have been found in - . water and sediment from nine US rivers, one UK river and Lake Michigan, , . air (atmospheric. 0.05 mg PCB/cubic meter) at the Anniston plant, . fish from Lake Michigan and three midwest rivers, human fat from a midwest biopsy specimen and milk from Maryland and Ohio' dairy farms. The water, sediment and air samples contain PCB's typical of Aroclor 1242, 1248, 1254 and/or 1260. The milk, human fat and fish samples contain PCB's most typical of Aroclor 1254. R. E. Keller EXHIBIT j Mi GRAMANN REPORTING, LTD. Wrt 020940 99 This document is CONFIDENTIAL by order of the U.S. Dist. Ct., S.C. Dist. (Whitfield C,A. #8:84-3184-3) dated 8/1/85. -- _^ 1GPFOX00045395 WATER PCB-00044069 O rr J > ' CJ TF CD cn 05 4* D I H (D u) is P h-> rt- ft CD A H- I ow u> rt O -o Oi 2 01 cn hrj ft H (p a n a m 2 CD O H \ f- H ha > \rt Ip CD cn a<1 H* H rr Oj Mi (9 f- ,n (9 mO O' H) Q id X o o o > U1 UJ CO 05 ENVIRONMENTAL MATERIALS ANALYZED BY MONSANTO FOR PCB'i 1 Industrial Manufacturer or User aid Site Location Monsanto, US Aniiston, Alabama Monsanto, US W. G. Krummrich Saujet, Illinois 1 Matrix and No. of Associated Waterway(s) Samples Analyzed PCB`s Found Most Typical of Aroclor 1242 1248 1254 1260 PCB levels Snow Creek Choccolosso Creek Air Water Sediment Fish ( 3) (23) (12) ( 2) X (0. 05 mg PCB/cu mstsr X X X X ppb-ppm X X X X Pph-% X ppm Mississippi River Water Sediment (59) (12) X X X X ppb-ppm X X X * X ppb-% % Analysis Techni^uo EC/GC EC/GC EC/GC EC/GC EC/GC EC/GC Monsanto, US Persacola, Fla. Escambia River Water . Fish ( 7) ( 1) X ppb X ppm EC/GC EC/GC Monsanto, UK Net'port, England River Severn (Uskmonth Area) National Cash Register Fox River Pottage, Wisconsin Wisconsin River Sediment Water ( 4) (12) X X ppb-ppm ppm EC/GC EC/GC Geieral Motors Corp. Certral Foundry Div. Bee ford, Indiana % Johison Motors Waukegan, Illinois o > 5 v> r-* For River Lake Michigan Water Water ( 1) XX ( 4) X I > I ppm ppm EC/GC EC/GC WATER PCB-00044070 J i i j K n rt 1-3 >p(4 -3" oo cn 00 o 3p 1 rt- It Ul IS 3 H (t ft 00 If* n nrt- ui rt -- Q -O a s: V Ui Irj an t) M oo u i-3 \ rt1 u(- H> \ rr f 00 Ul u4 *< r:tx- rot rt a H> (B h- rt n> MO Qi H) O O o Ul u> t0 -J Mai ufacturer or User ar.d Site Location PCB'a Found Matrix and No. of Most Typical of Aroclor Associated Waterway!a) Sample s Analyzed 1242 1248 1254 1260 Wisconsin Steel Chi:ago, Illinoia Chicago Metropolitan Sanitary District Sewer ' Water < 3) x . ppm-% Wh< eling Pittsburgh St sal Stei benville, Ohio Olko f River Water Sediment ( 1) ( 1) X X ppm ppb Leater Coating Bedford, Ohio Storm Sewer Water { 1) X ppm Central Diecasting Chi :*go, Illinois Downtown Sanitary Sewer Water < 2> X ppb-ppm 2 o ro o vO N> Analysis Techniaue EC/GC . l EC/CC EC/CC EC/GC EC/CC o o WATER PCB-00044071 n ft 1-3 3* 3* > H- M a 00 CO o ao o 4* a H (0 UM 3 1-* ft 00 H I O CO W ft ' -- o -o Di 2J CO hq rr h CD O O a* M oo a H2! \ H' H !- U > \itlri oo (jt D* *< P1 o H- H rf a Hi H- H CD i- O CL Hi o *1 O oX o 0 > 01 U> (D 00 Non-Industrial Organization Supplying Sample 1 Location of Sampling Site Wisconsin Alumni Rest arch Foundation Ir stitute, Inc. Manitowoc River Wisconsin Kewaunee River . Wisconsin Burns Ditch Lake Michigan Manistee River Michigan Source Unknown Maryland Cooperative . Dairy Farms be>/llk Producer*, Inc. longing to Coop. Sta ;e of Ohio Dejiartment of Agri- culture * Fiod, Caries and % Drug Laboratories O rJ O X f cal Dairy Farms Matrix and No. of Samples 1242 1248 1254 1260 Fish Coro- posits ( >) X ( .X l 1) X ( l) , Human fat biopsy sample ( 1) Milk { 5) Water ( 4) (Stream and tank drinking water) .. Silo Scrapingsf 1) Milk extract < 1) Raw Milk ( 3) * .X . X X X1 X Range of PCB Levels Confirmatory Technique ppm ppm EC/GC, CC/Mass EC/GC 0 ppm EC/GC, CC/Mass ' ppm EC/GC ppm ppb N.D. . (<1 ppb) % ppm ppm EC/GC . EC/GC . 0. EC/GC EC/GC, GC/Mass EC/GC 167 WATER PCB-00044072 WM 020538 jorate Profit PCBs' Possible LinU to Cancer in Humans MCA Ihc. to Bo' ibedby 1.8%?S Is Repotted in Study of Mo.bil Co>rrp. PlantX: V . .- - -* *5_ >tV oi-l S_ raeer J*ociwal Staff Rtyar.ttr * I Anita VK. DHakh>n Ao<f thks. TUTn.iIv..e.Mrs)i*t.y. o.f Pennsyl ane Quarter' l j WASHINGTON,-- Mobil Corp. has re vania School of Medicine. She reported that Minorities in Fie Of Entertammen .- ** lcrease. Was .Smallest ported what may ba ths first association of malignant melanoma,, a frequently fatal polychlorinated biphenyls, or PCBs, with form of skin cancer, was developed by two cancar la humans. ' "LT/ . of a group of 31 employes heavily exposed to Ths txpoaura.occunred ait Mobil's Pauls- PCBs, One other-worker developed melan Concern's New Venture: To Get $3 Million Ba bdro.~ N.X, petrochemical plant, whtre ai oma In a group of, 41 employes sxposed less 5 Rises in Row; GNP PCB product mads by Monsanto Co. was lntenstly. Matching Aid Frorr being used in'the plant's operations. PCBs Melanoma Is a fairly unusual form of n Revised Downward are. widely used.aa.beet-transfer agents la cancar, and the three cases were an unusual By a Wau. Sneer Josmial Staff i electrical equipment!............ ; , T-T,i number in s small group of workars..Dr, UNIVERSAL CITY, Calif.-3 ' ` ' .-I'M**'":' [ Details of ths cancer cases wars reported jl s-raser Jotnwan Stott Xijitiirr ' In a letter from researchers to the New Eng Bahn noted that baaed on the expected Inci dence, only 0.04 malignant melanoma would the entertainmint conglomerate, liahing a new subsidiary, MCA N'GTON-Corporate profits ros la land Journal of Medicine The National Insti period for the fifth quarter In a: tute far Occupational'Safety and Health Im he Increase from the prior three, mediately asked scientists In the U.S. and u also the smallest In fire quar- elsewhere' for any further reports of the braraerc# Department said. .':' ' chemical's aasoctoiloii with cancer In hu have been anticipated in the group of 31 employes. .. .: ... SarveUanoe Advteed V .' . I'Because early detection of malignant melanoma may markedly affect survival hires Inc., as a minority enterpr business Investment company, to ther the entertainment industry t ides," Including blacks and womei MCA's president, Sid Shelnber; amt time, the department-issued mans. . rates, surveillance for malanoma among company will be started with 32 za showing that the nation's ecoo- PCBs have been linked'with a variety of those exposed mould be considered," Dr. MCA financing. ..This will be ma illghtly more slowly- last quarter .tally thought. The annual rate of :or "real." or Inflation-adjusted,' .enal product was put i< 4.3%, . the initially reported 4.4%. GNP ire of the nation's total output of. sendees: : rose somewhat more quickly last an Initially estimated^ according sed figures. As measured by the it's broadest gauge of Inflation,; i at a 5.3% annual rate In the see ", rather than at the 4.7% dip ra the department last month.-:-1-' i -x corporate profits rose 31.4 bU- iTr, In the June quarter to a aea- :usted annual rate of 131.1 billion billion in the first quarter, when ued 15.5 billion, or 7.5% from the r months. Second quarter profits less severe- human aliments. Workers ex posed to high concentrations have developed skin eruptions,.sye.discharges, swelling of the eyelids and digestive disturbances, red to test animals, the chsmteal has produced liver cancer In rats' and alee. - - - ...... - . ...' - .'i. < Studies Are Urged ... ..-. The Mobil study 'is very'preliminary," said Roecoe Moore Jr./ sn epidemiologist at tbs Occupational Health Institute. "It pro vides a bit of Information, but other studies should be pursued," he said. Mr. Moore said ths institute already baa begun its own re search. It . will review the death records of workers in New fork State who have been exposed to PCBa to determine whether there la an abnormal Incidence of cancer. The study will take about two years to complete. - The Mobil study waa conducted by Dr. Baba wrote. ~ ' ' '' ' ' "'1118 Occupational Health Institute pto- vtdad additional details In a letter to 1JB0 experts In the Held.. The Mobil study re viewed the health records of two groups of employes who ware exposed to PCBa at the Paulsboro plant from 3549 to 1957 and 3963 to 1965. Seven of 91 workers daveloped cancer. Besides three cases of malignant melonama, two cases of' pancreatic cancer occurred. The Incidence of thaaa two types of cancer was significantly greater than would be ex pected normally In a population of that six*, noted Dr. John F. Flnldea, Institute director. Neither melanoma nor pancreatic cancer previously was associated with occupational exposure to a chemical, experts said. '. The PCB product involved eras Arcelor 1254, manufactured by Monsanto,, ths largest producer la the U.S. dally by 33 million from the Serial Administration. Mr. Sbetnberg sal; MCA New Venbres la the ente Industry's first minority enterpr business Investment company to t and the largslt dfthe more than 5 so far by tha Small Bustness Adrali New Ventures trill operate solely : financing and financial managem tance to small minority-owned c involved in motion pictures, recor sion br other antertainraent-relst said Norbert A- Simmons, general of MCA New Ventures. Elliott Witt, chairman of MCA. hires, said be believes tbat blacks minorities such as Mtxlcan Amer Puerto Ricans "have never reall; cess to the studios. We don't think gram Is a panacea, but we think higher, however, then the 131 Wi the next several years, it'll enham Cousins Properties Hasly3 second period. Profit figures - quarters were lowered slgnlfl^ 'New England Electric, trance of many minority persons mainstream of the entertainment l Option to RepurchaseJirt of an annual revision of the Says Unit Seeks License The leveraging formula for sue Dies Is based on the Small Businea sent economists had beensxpecfe Utrahon's purchase of the prefen cdown In profits growth^'in ,ttve and-or debentures of up to sn amoi Note at Rliiiiced Price To. BuildNucledr ,Plantvnward revision of the second d GNP came despite a sharp up. in. of the figures (or Inventory toAU the other major components of adjusted downward, with tbs big* coming out of federal government i'*- - . 1 ';i' ri 'yeWeu.9TKBRJoinuMX4ls/f Reporter - See STeeerJocanaL Staff Rrffrrttr ATLANTA--Cousins Properties Inc. said WE3TBORO, Mass.-New England Elec one of its major Investors, the Ford Founda tric System said Its New England Power Co. tion, baa given tSe company an option to re subsidiary has applied to the Nuclear Regu purchase a 322.5 million note for 312 million latory Commission (or a license to build a to four times the amount of pald-lr So the 33 million invested by MCA I result In about 315 million being - the companies of disadvantag'd entrepreneurs in entertainment siu Industries, Mr. Witt said. The 38/ gin with 33 million. . .,, : / until Oct 21, or for 315,750,000 from then un two-unit nuclear power plant In Charlee- Asked If be thought the new adjustment for inflation, GNP billion In the second quarter, or seasonally adjusted 31.374 trillion til Dec. 31. . , .q'-esjy , - - . .. But the company, which also reported lta first half loss grtw to 351 million this ytar town, R I., at a projected cost of 31.7 billion. New England Power would own a major ity interest In the plant, while about 30 pri would provide many new oppartu minorities in the entertainment Hi tng black actor James Earl Jones ! In the first quarter. It ruse 344 '.2.6%. to an adjusted 31-534 tril bum 31.3 million last year, said It couldn't give any assurance a* to whether It will be vate and municipal New.England utilities would own smaller shares. '' ' needed. It's worth a try. But wel see the resulte. - ' " ling Inflation, aecond quarter Md 313.1 billion, or 4.3%, to a sn pace from *1.245 trillion In the *r when the Increase waa 137.1 > In a position to exercise Uw option. , Each of two pressurised water reactors ..Ths repurchase option an the subordi would have an electrical capacity of about nated unsecured note. It said, Includes ac 3d million kilowatts, the utility said. The crued'Interest and related warrants for the project la currently scheduled to be com purchase of 251,250 common shares of Cous pleted by 1955. ins Properties. iA , "The only way that It Cali ope: opportunities Is If the new venture a movie that's very successful." 1 added. .' . ... MCA's Mr. Witt said that the t ' for GNP and prices could be Meanwhile,.'the company said. Ford Texas Agency Ordersid further when the department Foundation baa given it; waivers extanding s`-d data on'corporate proflta on until Oct. 15 covering certain events of de pany will finance only "economic ble" pictures. - '-i-ge revision in the GNP figures fault with respect to the note. A spokesmen Maximum Oil Outputhowever, ^ declined to specify the events of default Ha Facet's Filter Unit Plan: did say the note wae teaued.tn July 1974. ma From State's Fieldsicing of BoucHer?: tures.In July 1955 and. carries sn Interest /rato.of ' ' ,, . , . ting Is Delayed%[ "--The real estate :development company ; said It bad an. operating loss In the tlx 'months ended June SO this year of SS.i mil- . Special Cto ttsWAuuSnimjcnnufAit >tTa**rv-. .Wkw ewe. H.il-- " ? $5 Million Facility inUt TULSA-Facet Enterprises Inc. Campbell Filter Co. unit will build Ikm automotive filter plant and dh This document is CONFIDENTIAL by order of the U.S. Diat. Ct., S.C. Diat. (Whitfield C.A. #8:84-3184-3) dated 8/1/85. GPFOXOOQ45399 WATER PCB-00044073 fast," pleaded one truck driver. "No, but you'were going too loud," said the cop. Another trucker argued: "Our firm has 45 trucks. Do you mean that we've got to put new mufflers on all of them?" Replied the officer with quiet dedication: , "Now you're getting life idea." The Menace of PCB Environmentalists were confident that they had ferreted out the nation's ma jor pollutants after they put the finger on substances like DDT, mercury, lead and phosphates. Now an important new comer has cropped up in the form of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), col orless, odorless, syrupy chemicals that are manufactured in the U.S. under the trade name Aroclor by the Mon santo Co. Until recently, PCBs were used in industry in many ways, for in stance as softeners in plastics, paints and rubber, as additives in priming inks and papers. Although they are now used primarily as agents in heat ex changers, there is growing evidence that alarming quantities of pCBS have found their way into living organisms and that they pose a potent new threat to the environment. Two years ago, New York Democratic Congressman William F. Ryan was told by a constituent about the dangers of PCB. Checking further, Ryan found studies showing that large amounts of PCBs had been discovered in the fish and sea birds of several countries. The stud ies also revealed that the compounds can cause liver damage in mice and disrupt the calcium metabolism of birds, which then lay thin-sheiled eggs. Alarmed by the findings, Ryan delivered a House speech on PCBs. The Department of Ag riculture responded by halting the use of PCBs--but only in pesticides. Then, de spite complaints front customers, Mon santo announced that, as of September 1970, it would stop sales of PCBs except for "absolutely essential" use in electri cal equipment. Polluted Poultry. To the public, how ever, PCB was still largely unknown --until the disclosure, in December 1970, that Campbell Soup had found high PCB levels in some New York State chickens destined for its products. Once notified, the New York and fed eral departments of agriculture stopped poultry shipments from die three coun ties supplying Campbell and ordered t the burial of 146,000 contaminated birds. Where did the PCB come from? Officials speculated that it had been transmitted by chicken feed made from stale bakery goods that had - been wrapped in PCB-coated plastic bags. One of the worst instances of PCB pol lution occurred last spring. A North Car olina poultry raiser, worried over the low hatching rate of his chickens, ran in dependent tests and found that the fatty tissue of the birds contained up to 40 p.p.m. of PCBs (the federal limit for poultry is 5 p.p.m.). The contaroinabon was traced to a Wilmington, N.C., fish-meal plant where PCBs were leak ing from a pipe in a heating system into the meal. Officials were dismayed to leant that the leak had gone un discovered for nearly two months and that 13,000 tons of tainted feed had been sent to 64 customers in twelve ' Southern and Midwestern states. Ryan was furious. "The Federal Gov- i ernment's actions are inexcusable," he said. "This entire incident could have been prevented if the Department of Ag riculture and the Food and Drug Ad ministration bad lived up to their responsibilities to protect the public." He then introduced legislation that would totally ban PCBs from interstate! commerce. . Official Goof. Still, evidence of PCB pollution continued to crop up, probably because markets were already saturated with PCB products. In midAugust, FDA disclosed that it had seized more than 75,000 fresh eggs from wholesalers in Norfolk, Va., be cause the chickens that laid them bad eaten feed containing the tainted fish meal. Though the agency assured the public that no tainted food would leak out, it later admitted an official goof: a shipment of 60,000 eggs had somehow got through federal inspectors and, presumably, into the stomachs of Washington, D.C., residents. Two weeks ago, the Department of Agriculture announced that "unaccept able levels of the poison PCB" had been found in turkeys processed by a Minnesota subsidiary of Swift 4 Co. About 50,000 birds were voluntarily withheld from the market while ag riculture experts searched for the source of the contamination. Around the same time, Michigan Governor William Mil- ,liken ordered a halt to the commercial : sale of coho salmon after PCB was found in salmon taken from Lake Mich- j igan. Last week FDA disclosed that peas j had also been found in several dif ferent kinds of dried foods, including j baby cereals and shredded wheat. The PCB source has been traced to the card board packaging material, which was made partly of recycled PCB-treated copying paper, PCBs are difficult to cope with for a number of reasons, first of all because | the chemicals are hard to identify. They so closely resemble DDT they can be dif ferentiated only by spectrographic anal ysis. PCBs are long-lived and, like DDT, their potency is multiplied as they work their way up the food chain. Unlike DDT. however, these chemicals are not sprayed but get into the environment ac cidentally, which makes them even hard er to trace and control. .. For alt the grim warning signs, there is as yet no proof that PCBs at present low levels are harmful to humans. Most scientists, and critics like Congressman Ryan, however, feel that the safest course is to treat PCBS just as though they were the most potent of pollutants, un til tests determine exactly what the long term effects may be. O' to o N O JC / This document is CONFIDENTIAL by order of the U, S. Diet. Ct., S .C. Diat. (Whitfield C.A. #8:84-3184-3} dated 8/1/85. GPFOX00Q45400