Document JreeGRRVG5d8v9gxn5ZK1jKGa

fi-' (39 c & j--a a - s* FOUNDATION FACTS Yol. 3. Juno, 1941 Mo. 6. gnglnearing Research Report Findings from a Foundation supported study of "Fundamental Factors in the Design of lateral Hxhaust Hoods for Industrial Tasks," will be issued to member coo* pastes in the near future. This practical study was mads by Leslio Silverman, who hold one of the Foundation's fellowships at Harvard University. Brief Bulletin Coming on Skin Diseases No. 4 in the Foundation's series of brief bulletins on Industrial Health Defonse will be issued shortly. This bulletin, prepared by a noted dermatologist points out that many cases of skin diseases ariso in the wash room, rather than in the production process. Strong soaps injure the akin. ' Kutrltlon in Plain English ' Instoad of stressing tho thirty-odd`chemical or technical ingredients of an adequate protective diotary, public hoalth workers might wall enphaaizo simply that nutritional requirements era well mot except for calories by the daily intake of tho following foods: 1 quart milk for a child tl pint for an adult) as drink or food; 1 ogg; 1 serving of meat, fish or fowl; 3 servings vegetables (one of than green leafy or yellow), including potatoos; Z servings fruit (ons of them raw); l patties of butter; 1 serving wfaolo grain cereal. -. --Illinois Health Messenger. Defend tho Defense Worker Total war demands total defonse. Use your Foundation membership to help defend tho defense worker. Some IS of them are necessary to maintain a soldier at the front. Today's wars are won in mines and mills. Sabotage . "Tbs employee la the objective in tho destruction of plants! If the foroign agent cen't win the employer over to his side as an agent of destruction, then he cocks to destroy that aaployoo".... From, "Sabotage," national Foreman's Institute. * Consoling Motes The Census Bureau assures us that the chance of boing killed by llgbtnlni is only about 1 in 333,000. Greek Philosopher Galon sold, almost 1,900 years ago: "Baploymeat is Mature's best physician end essential to human happiness." Defond tho Defense Worker'. AM HTOISNC fOWOATWW 4400 FIFTH AVtMUK SC-ALL-02280 SCF-ALLF-00685 fg PlAiNTUf 1 EXKg! June* 1941 Air hygiene Foundation, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pa. r\zJ<i e_n w DIGEST OP DTOOSTHIAL HTOIENE L1 terature--News--Developments News It" 418 Malnutrition. ' The National Nutrition Conference on Defense, which was recently held In Wash ington, 0. C., included two sessions presented by the Section on Nutrition in . Industry. The effects of malnutrition on working efficiency, also measures for improving the diet and nutrition of workers were discussed. Beoent dietary studies among large representative samples of the people of the (Jnited States, clinical studies among smaller groups, and the examination of men called up, for military service show clearly that poor diets and undernourishment are wide spread in tho country. While there is no ground for alarmist statements, the facts are serious enough to be a genuine cause of weakness in the present natio al emergency and to warrant national attention and concerted action. Undsr- nourlshment la more Insidious and less obvious in its effects than a disease epidemic, but it is not loss harmful. Becommesdatloas made to tha Conference hy this Section included: (l) special attention should be paid to the diet of all workers and particularly to the diet at defense workers, and (8) the cooper atlon of each State should be enlisted by urging the governor to call a State wide nutritional conference. The efforts should include an educational cam paign, and provision for restaurant and lunch facilities in factories. Defense ' 2, 19, (June 3, 1941) and Industrial Hygiene, 1, 2 (May, 1941). 419 Occupational Health Exposures as Belated to tho Open Factory Window. . There is a tendency during tha warm simmer months to open windows in an attempt to obtain better ventilation. In many factories aid workshops there are oec patlonol health hazards effectively controlled by means of local exhaust system whose exact balance may be upset by stray air currents. In this way, toxic materials may be swept into the general atmosphere end endanger the health at the workers. Under normal room air' conditions processes, such as acid dip ping, alkali cleaning, electroplating, lacquer dipping, lead hardening, spray painting, or vapor degreasing by means of chlorinated hydrocarbons, may be opei ated with tha health hazards fully under control, but a breoso or draft from as open window may offset, to a major extent, tha mechanical moans provided to guard against dissemination of toxic materials. It often happens that the - disahargeof a local exhaust system is relatively near a window so that when opened, toxic materials may be returned to the workroom. This is particularly true when tho discharge is opposed to tha prevailing simmer wind. During warm weather, it Is essential for comfort, unless air conditioning is provided, that many windows bo oponod. However, Caro must be taken to eliminate drafts in the vicinity of -processes involving the use of toxic materials, through tha erection of suitable baffles or the locking of occasional windows thereby assuring tho effective operation of existing control measures. Conn. Eealtl . Bull., 53, 145 {May, 1941). t w iijm lb ip Ji &)&) Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 2. 420 So More Mercury. The nation's bat industry has agreed to eliminate poisonous mercurial compounds from the manufacture of fur felt after December 1, 1941. Thus one of the oldes* and moat dangerous health hazards to workers will he removed provided the State; adopt the model regulations which have boon drafted. Participating in the agrocmant were representatives of the Industry: The Hatters' Pur Cutters Asso ciation and the Hat Institute, Inc., of How York; officials of the Uhlted Hatte: Cap and Millinery Workors International Union (A.F. of L.); Health and Labor Commissioners of Bow York, Pennsylvania, Now Jorsoy, Massachusetts and Connecti cut, In which States the nation's felt-hat'Industry la concentrated. In 193* the Public Boalth Sorvice made a survey of chronic mercurial poisoning at the request of the Hatters' Pur Cutters Association. This study was supplemented b: another last year of the control of mercurial poisoning In the felt-hat Industr. The Public Health Service studies showed that workers exposed to mercury dust a . vapor developed extreme Irritability, dlgostive disturbances, insomnia, loss of appetite, trtnor ("shakes"), loss of weight and sore mouth. Adequate subati- tutes developed by Industrial chemists are less expansive than mercury and. do not require engineering and medical safeguards for workers. About 60 per cent of tbo fur-folt Industry already has eliminated mercury from manufacturing pro cesses. Hew York Times, May 29, 1941. ' 421 Symposium on Industrial Public Health Xursi"K Sorvioes. . A report of tho Syaposlun on Industrial Health Suralng Services, sponsored by the Wisconsin State Board of Health end the Industrial Nurses of Wisconsin has boon published in nultlgraph form, including tho papars presented. A few of th papers have been abstracted In this Digest and others will follow. Legal Dovelotraanta 422 Blow on Chest Causes Death of Miner Suffolk from Sillcoaia. While engaged In drilling coal, the deceased employee was struck oa the chest by the handle of the drill when it caught in a binder or slate band, causing th drill to kick. Tho employee was knocked to tho ground, end had difficulty get ting his breath. The employee at tho time of this accident was suffering from silicosis. The condition of the employee became worse. He was seat to doctors and to a sanatorium, and it was found that his lung bad collapsed. Some ten months after the aocldant he died. The Court held that the blow was the cause or one of the causes of the death, and that the facts of the ease warranted a compensation award to tho widow for tho death of the ployoe. Rudolph ra. st>iwmi|rf n Coal Co. (Ponn.) 18 Atl 2nd 329 (January, 1941). Oocup. Hazards, 3, 22 {May, 1941). 423 Indiana Supreme Court Reverses Decision Which Denied Award for Occupational Dii eaae Caused bv Qas Poisoning. ' * In this oase the Industrial Board found the diability not to be doe to an ooou, pational disease. Tho appelate Court affined sueh decision. On final appeal to the Supremo Court of Indiana the Board's and the Appelate .Court's decisions ware held to bo incorreot. Tho foots ware: The claimant, 33 years old, wort ed for 2-1/2 years as a tool hardener. The occupation consisted of treating tools, machine parts, etc., by beat In furnaces, at very high temperatures, of whloh they were treated in baths of chemicals. The claimant worked at 3 fur naces, one of which, a heavy duty electric furnace, was equipped with gas whlo burned continuously whilo the furnace wee In operation, for the purpose of pro duclng cerbonmonoxlde, whloh was necessary In the hardening process. One fuzn Kyo <j -SI Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 3. and a portion of another was equipped with a hood to carry away fuses and axoe heat. The heavy duty furnace was without a hood. The claimant became sick, dizzy, had difficulty in breathing, end suffered a general collapse. Medical examination led to the conclusion that he was suffering from polycythemia oaus by carbon monoxide poisoning. Certain tests were made to detexmine the amount of carbon monoxide gas given off by the fumacos. and an amount insufficient t be injurious was roported. However, the Supreme Court said such tests were not made under conditions comparable to those under which tho alalmont worked. It said further, in reversing tho judgment, that the clreunstanee of- being ex posed to the poisonous gas, and bolng in e physical condition gonerally attri buted by medical science to poisoning from that gas, and tho absence of any other pcssiblo oauso for tho condition, seem Buffioient to establish that the claimant was a victim of an occupational poisoning. Loucka ye. Diamond Chal: and Mfg. Co. (Indiana) 32 N.E. 2nd 308 (March, 1941). Occup. Hazards, 3, 23, (May, 1941). 424 Additional Occupational Diseases for Delaware. Componsablo occupational diseases shall not include any other than those sched uled below and shall include these sc scheduled only whan exposure stated in connection therewith has occurred during -the employment, and the disability ha commenced within five months after the termination of such exposure! Occupational Diaeasos: Anthrax; . Load Poisoning; Mercury Poisoning; Araonic Poisoning; Phosphorous Poisoning; -- Benzene, and its hcmologues, end all derivatives thereof;. Wood Alcohol Poisoning; Chromo Poisoning; Caisson Disease; Hesothorlus or radium poison* ing; Carbon disulphide; * Hydrogen Sulphide; Dermatitis; Silicosis; . Poison Ivy; Oak Poison. i (As amended by S. B. 230, Sec. 10, Laws 1941, Effective May 6, 1941.) (CCH). 425 Left Inguinal Hernia. Hernia Considered an Occupational Disease. Total Dlsabi itjr. . This la an appeal by defendant from on award by the Department of Labor and Is dustry awarding to plaintiff compensation for total disability. Did plaint suffer a hernia in the nature of an occupational disease? Plaintiff was <oplo ed by defendant as a sand mixer; his duties wore to load sand on a wheelbarrow and wheel it across the plant to a machine. A part of his duties was twice a week for about two hours to bail out of a well a composition referred us slush* After, lifting about four polls from the well he fait a pain in the right groin. The next day plaintiff told hie foreman, Bulak, that he had rup tured himself, Tho testimony of tho plaintiff together with the report of tha commission of physicians fully justifies tho finding of the board that plain tiff's hernia resulted from lifting the pail of solvent from the wall. Plain tiff' e position in doing this work would he entirely different than that of oz doing ordinary hoavy lifting or carrying, and it is entirely reasonable to ini from thaso oirounstanoos that plaintiff In. this work was subjected to an must strain and that a hernia resulted therefrom. Was thero competent evidence that plaintiff suffered a total disability? Thero was evidence upon whieb thi department could make such a finding and this court may not review its finding aa to facts. Tho award is affirmed. Brozozowakl v. Swodish Crucible Steel Co., Mich. Supreme ct. Decided Juno 2, 1941. (CCH). CO -.5 Digest of Industrial Hygiene -4. , 426 itew Sections In Idaho Occupational Diseases Statutes* Non-MaebHng ^^gnula ~ Waiver 43-2121 -- Where an employee, though not actually disabled, la found to be effected by silicosis, bo may, subjoot to the approval of the board, be permit to waive la writing full compensation for any aggravation of his condition tha* may result from his continuing in his hazardous occupation. In the event of total disablement or death as a rosult of the dlsoase with which tho employee was so affected, after such a waiver, compensation shall nevertheless be payah* as herein elsewhere provided, but in no case, whether for disability or death or both, to exceed #2000.00 in tho aggregate. A weiver so permitted shall re main effective, for tho trade, occupation, procoss, or employment for which ox ocutod, notwithstanding a change or change of employer: Provided, that such waiver shall not inure to tho benefit of any employer who foils to comply with tho provisions of Section 42-2113. The industrial accident board shall mako reasonable rules and regulations rolatlvo to tho form, execution, filing, or registration, and public inspection of waivers or records thereof. 43-21210 -- A workman, seeking employment and having knowledge cr being inform that he is affooted with a non-disabling silicosis, who nevertheless voluntarl profors to work in en occupation whoro his disease may become aggravated, may, with tho approval of the board, enter into a contract with Ms prospective em ployer, waiving compensation under Section 43-2122, upon the possible aUbseq.ua termination of Ms employment from any of the causes sot forth la Section 43-2 or from any other causos. (Added by Chap. 160, Laws 1941, See. 1, Effective March 13, 1941.) Entering Agreement Voluntarily 43-2121b -- Before approving a waiver under Section 43-2121 or Section 43-2121 the board shall be satisfied that tho workman has voluntarily entered into sal agreement to waive compensation; that it la of greater advantage to the morion and Ms dependents, if any, for Urn to work in an occupation where Ms disease may become aggravated than to aook other employment, and that the working con ditions maintained by tho employer are such aa to minimize the hazards ef silicosis. (Added by Chap. 160, Laws 1941, Soc. 1, effective Mareh 13, 1941.) Hon-Disabling Silicosis -- Compensation upon Severance from Bcplovwant 43-2122 -- (1) Wbon on ocployeo working subject to tMs chapter, who has not j vloualy executed any of the waivers referred to in Sections 43-2121, 43-2121a, and 43-2121b,and who would bo antltlod to compensation under tMs law, if dls* ablod, is, because he has a non-disabling silicosis, discharged from oaployaoj in wMoh ho is engaged, or when ouch en employee, after an examination as pro ' vldod in Subsection (2) and a finding by the medical panel that it is inadvis able for Mm to continue in Ms employment, toxmlnates Ms employment, tbs in dustrial accident board may allow such compensation on account of such disoha: or termination of employment os it may deem just aa support money pending his change of employment, payable as in tMs law olsowbore provided, but in no cn. to exceed $790,00. (As emended by Chap. 160, Laws 1941, See. 2, effective Ha* 13, 1941.) (CCH). 427 New Occupational Disease Statute for WasMngton. Chaptor 235, Laws 1941, effective June 11, 1941 Section 1. Within the contemplation of tMs Act "occupational disease" moans such disoaao ar infection as arises naturally and proximately out of extrahazardous employment. Bach workman who shell suffer disability from on occupational disease in tbs course of an extra-hazardous employment, or Ms ' family and dependents in case of death of the workman from such disoaso, shal OO \=3 cm & j Digest of Industrial Syglene - 5. receive the same compensation benefits and medical surgical and hospital care treatment as would be paid and provided for a workman injured or hilled In art hazardous employment under the Industrial Insurance and medical aid act of the state: Provided, however. That this Act shall not apply where the last expost to tho hazards of the disease occurred prior to January 1, 1937. Soctlon 2. The compensation and benefits provided for occupational dlsoasos shell bo paid from tbs same fund and In tho same manner as compensation and be fits for Injuries under the industrial lnsurnnoo and modioal aid acta and the contributions of employers to pay thorofor, shall be determined, assessed and collected in the samo and as a part of the premiums for extra-hazardous employment Sec. 7679-1, Remington's Rovleed Statutes, Yol. 8, 1940 Pocket Part Soctlon 7679-1 -- Coapensatlon shall be paynblo for disabilities sustained or death Incurred by an employee resulting from tho following occupational dlseas (1) Anthrax. Handling of wool, hair, brlstlos, hides or skins. (2) Lead poisoning or Its sequelae. Any process Involving tho use of or direct contact with load or Its preparations or compounds. (3) Zinc poisoning or its sequelae. Any procoss involving tho uso of or diroct contact with zinc or Its preparations or compounds or alloys. (4) Mercury poisoning or its sequelae. Any process Involving the use of or diroct contact with mercury or Its preparations or compounds. (5) Phosphorous poisoning or Its soqunlae. Any process Involving the uso of or direct contact with phosphorous or its preparations or compounds. (6) Arsonlc poisoning or its sequalao. Any process Involving the uso of or diroct contact with arsenic or Its preparations or compounds. (7) Poisoning by benzol or nltro-, hydro-, hydroxy-, and soldo- derivativei of benzene (dlnltro-benzol, anllln, and others), or lte sequelae. Any pro coss Involving the use of or direct contact with benzol, or nltro-, lydro-, hydroxy-, or amldo- derivatives of benzono or its preparations or compounds, (8) Poisoning by carbon bisulphide or its sequoias, or any sulphide. Any process involving the use of or direct contact with carbon bisulphide or iti preparations or compounds, or any sulphide or sulphite. (9) Poisoning by totzacblozsathane or any substance used as or In conjunc tion with a solvent for acetate of cellulose or nltro cellulose, or Its sequoias. Any process Involving tho use of or direct contact with any sub stance used as or In conjunction with a solvent for aoetato of cellulose or nltro cellulose. (10) Chrome ulceration or Its sequelae or ohromo poisoning. Any process Involving the uso of or direct contact with cfarcalo add or bychromate of asssonlin, potasslxx or sodlua, or their preparations. (11) Ulceration of the skin or at the ccrneal surface of the eye, due to tor, pitch, bitumen, mineral oil, or paraffin, or any compound, product or residua of any of these substances. Handling or uso at tar, pltoh, Mtuwm mineral oil, pr paraffin or any compound, product or residua of any at tha* substances. (12) Compressed air Illness or lta sequelae. Any process carried on in . compressed air. (13) Miners' diseases. Including cellulitis, bursitis, ankylostomiasis, tonosynovitis and nystagxus. (14) Cataract In gl'ossworkera. Procossos In tho manufacture of gilaaa In volving exposure to tho glare of molten glass. (15) Methyl chloride poisoning. Any procoss Involving the use of or dlree contact with mothyl chlorido or Its preparations or compounds. (16) Carbon monoxide poisoning. Any process Involving direct exposure to carbon monoxide in buildings, sheds or enclosed places. 'C'O a -C * Digest of Industrial Hygiene . 6. . (17) Poisoning by sulphuric, hydrochloric or hydrofluoric add* Any process Involving the use of or direct contact with sulphur, hydrochloric or hydrofluoric add or their fuses. {18) Disability arising from blisters or abrasions. Any process involv ing continuous friction, rubbing or vibration causing blisters or abrasions. (19) Disability erlslng from bursitis or synovitis. Any process involv ing continuous rubbing, pressure or vibration of the ports affected* (20) Dermatitis (venenata). Any process involving the uso-of or diroct contact with aoids, alkallos, acids or oils, or with bride, ccmont, lime, concrete or mortar capable of causing dermatitis (venenata). (21) Asbestosls or silicosis (including anthmcoellicode end silico- tuborculosie) resulting from axpoeuro to heavy concentrations of finely divided quartz or other forms of froc silica (SlOg): Provided, Bowover, That no workmen shall be entitled to eomponsatlon for asbostosie or sili cosis specified herein: a. (bless be was employed within tho state of Washington for two years immediately prior to tho dato of claim for said occupational disease; and b. If tho Inception of such disease originatod outside tho state of Washington unloss it bo determined that the sold disease was con tinually quloscant and non-dlsahling for two years prior to the dato - of Injurious exposure in the state of Washington and that such expo sure during his employment In tho State of Washington activated the quloscont disease to the extent of disability; (22) Any respiratory disease other than osbestosla or silicosis ooatrooted through the Inhalation of du&t In any industry whoro Intense dust prevails. Nothing In this soctlon shall bo construed to apply to any case of ooeupatlona disease in which tho last injurious exposure to the hazards of tho discos* occurred prior to January first, .nineteen hundred thirty-seven, nor to any cos - In which such occupational disease was incurred In the pursuit of a prior employment to which a character of occupational diseases 1b lnoldaat different from those incident to the employment followed at the time the disability oocc rod: Provided, Further, That no workman shall bo entitled to compensation for any of tho occupational dlsoasos specified heroin, oacoept asbostosie or siller sla, If tbe onset of such disease originated outeldo of tho state of Waehingtc unloss it Is determined that such dleease was quiescent and non-disabling one year prior to the date the Injurious exposure occurred while In the course of Ms employment In the state of Washington end that such exposure during aush employment in the state of Washington activated the quiescent disease to the < tout of disability: Provided Further, That no workman shall be entitled to eomponsatlon for any of tbe occupational diseases specified heroin if tho ansi of suoh disease originated outside of the state of WasMngton, unless it Is dotaxmined that such disease was quiescent and non-disabling one year prior t< the date the injurious exposure occurred while in the course of Ms employaen In the state of Washington and that such exposure during such employment In t! State of Washington activated tho quiescent disease to the extent of dlsablli (CCH). Notices of Hew Books 428 Handbook of Fedofal Labor Legislation. Bull. No.39, Part 1, Dlv. of Labor St dards. U.S.Dept. of Labor, Washington, 1941. For sale by Supt. of Docmanta, Washington, D.C. Price 35 oents. This handbook attempts to go scsowhat further than just to sat down the bare logal rights and duties contained In the laws. It is arranged by statutes, or 9 Digest of Industrial Hygiano -7. oo ' -- . CnN gives tbs main provisions affecting labor contained in tbs lav Itself and in the ) regulations Issued thareunder, together with a brief description of the agencies ohargod vitb enforcing or administering tbs lav, and the procoduros they use tairf obtaining compliance. '. . co GO /C=h 4JV Lifting Heavy Weights in Dofonao Industries, Margaret ?. Mottort. U.S.Dopt. of w Labor, Women's Buroau. Spoolal Bull, No. 2, G.S.Govt. Printing Office, 11 pp. 9=3 for sale by Supt. of Doouaonts, Washington, D.C. Price 5 conts. During the World War women in industry ware called on to lift heavier loads than normally, and in all probability the some condition will soon arise. The normal load which women habitually lift la not aver 2S pounds, but an analysis of war time occupations bare and In Croat Britain shows that much heavier loads were often carried. The following rocomaendatlons aro made for the conservation of women's health end strength: (1) guard against Injury to physique in the lift ing of heavy wdghts; (2) caalyzo the elements In weight lifting to develop oothods of saving energy; (3) overcome tho dangers Involved in lifting weights by introducing lifting and conveying devices, providing efficient conditions for work, and informing workers os to proper methods for lifting; (4) train workers & to use tho most economical methods of carrying weights; (5) protect the health of Markers in heavy industries by physical examinations; and (6) stato rogulc- tloa of weight lifting is nore effective through the general authority granted v regulatory bodies than through speoiilo laws fixing amrimum weights. Bach point is discussed In samo detail. Six states now .have laws regulating weight lifting, which are suaaorlzed. -. Papers on Dust, Qasoa and General Industrial Hygiene 430 Aabostosla. A. Wolff. Nord. Hyg. Tid. 21, 1-33 (1940). (Norwegian}. Zentr. Gewerbehyg. XJnfallverhut. 27, 193-4 (1940K (German). The author describes three oases of asbestosis which occurred In Norway la faotorios where asbestos was used as packing materiel for acid containers. In one ceso asbestos partldos worn present in the expectoration. The disease has not hitherto been observod in Scandinavia. 431 Some Investigations in the fflcte Quarries. Observations on the Lungs of Slate Workers. A. Veil. Ber. 8 Intern. Kongr. Pnfallasd. u. Borufkrankh. 2. 286 (1939); Zentr. Cowtrrbehyg. Onverfallhut. 27. 40 (1940). (German), french slate contains 84$ combined silicates (elualna, lias, magnesia, potash, etc.} and only 6-7$ free silicic add, fianmlnation of 251 slate workers who bed been exposed to the dust under varying hygienic conditions revealed no signs of silicosis. The tendency to emphysema and chronic bronchitis la Increased. Since the slots contains mush saricite, these findings do not Indicate that sortcite Is tho chief oouso of silicosis. In spite of tho relative haxmlessness of tho dust, prophylactic measures are necessary. 432 Sllico3lB In the Steel foundry. L.X.Uerrltt. Prosonted at Steel founder's Society of America, Columbus, Ohio. December 17, 1940. . Silica is brought into the stool foundry in three ways. A great volume of sand Is used In tho molding proooss and in eoros. Sillos flour Is used in faoings and In cores -- this source Is more dangerous because the silica Is very finely ground. Tripoli is the third sourco but in recent years, its use is on the docline. The best method of controlling dust from these materials is to prevent its formation or removo it at Its sourco. Maintenance of good housekeeping la absolutely essential. . H * -.5 W o v flS M llD O ff A M S Digest of Industrial fyglene - 8. 433 Acuta 3111coals -- Occurring la Banloveea of Abrasive Soap Powder Industries. R. J. Rltterhoff. Am.Ber. of Tb.. 43. 117-131 (January. 194l). A report of two cases of acute silicosis due to abrasive soap powder dust with remarkably short exposure periods, being 100 days asd 12 souths respectively. The author susBarlzea and compares IS other cases which have appeared in the litorature. The duration of life after cessation of exposure is quite short averaging just c few months, although one lasted for seven years. Those expo sures wore prior to the Inoeptlon of dust control measures. Analysis of tho powders showed a free silica content ot 60j(. 434 Dust Control -- Silicosis Prevention. Verne A. Zimmer. Brase end Altsainua Foundry 40, Novaobar 9, December 7, 1940; 41, February, 1941. Silicosis control la Samdries is accomplished by two methods: prevention of dust generation; and a number of foundry practices, including good houakeeping, isolating dusty operations, end integration of dust control with production. Plans aro shown for a foundry layout, showing Isolation of tuablers, grindera and shakeout, also details of a duct system of local exhaust ventilation. Dual errostors aro dosorlbod and tho application of local exhaust to various foundr; operations, such as shakeout, sandblast, tumblers, grinders, sand treating, ant sand conveyors. Is given in seme detail. Oil le advocated Instead of water toi hooping dust down -- "cool-treating oil"' being useful for this purpose and of moderate coat. Personal respiratory protection is disouseod at length. Per missible concentrations of siliceous dusts Is considered, together with two of the common methods for estimating dust in air. A list of selected references le given. ' 435 Regulations for Prevention of Silicosis from Sand Blasts In Foundries. Q. Zweiling. Oleaaercl 27. 362-5 (September 20. 1940). 1Goman). Included in the dlsousalon ere notes on the use of steel shot, types of sand blast end safety regulations, breathing apparatus and medical exzmlnatlon of t sandblaster. 436 Air-cleaning Methods. R.2. Chase. Paper Trade I. 111. So. 21, 29-39 (1940) Types of air filters are described which aro available to provide air of any d gres of cleanness likely to be demanded by the Industrial plant. 437 Predicting Dust Concentration. IH. How to Figure Dust Concentration When Flit lng Process is Intermittent. F.fi. Rowley and R.C. Jordan. Heating, Piping, Air Cond., 13, 304-6 (April, 1941). In the third paper of tho series (See Abstracts Ho. 250, 251 April Digest) thi authors extend the mathematical dlsousalon to oases whore the filtering prooei is Intermittent. 438 Sources of Hrrer In ths Investigation of the Rffielencv of Dust-collecting Hip meat. K. Gattaauu Stahl u. Slsan 60. 239-4 (1940). (Osman). Operating efficiency depends principally on particle size and not velocity of fall. 439 Mothoda of Counting Dust Particles. John Finn. Mining J. (Phoenix, Aziz.) Z Ho. 16, 4, (1941). A konlmoter of tho Kotze type is roeemmended. - Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 9. 440 Practical Discusalonof Dust Units Banloyed in Ventilation, FJ. Kravath. Saf Praotlcc Bull. No. 63,Penna. Dept/of Laborand Industry, May, 1941. This ertlals reviews general types of filters, their capabilities and fallings and their cooperative worth as shown by the experience record of installations in tho abrasive industry. Among those types discussed are the gravitational filter or settling tank, the cyclone, cloth filters, electrical precipitation air washers. The gravitational filter is recommended only as a preliminary cleaning device. Its velocities should be tcopt from 100 to 250 fjm. this typ of installation is practically wear and maintenance free, since the dust comes GLn in contact with practically none of the filter ports while it still has any (3) velocity. The cyclone unlike the gravitational filter increases in efficiency with the decrease in size of, at least, the dloaetor. Because of its high eft oiencles, it is probably the most widely used collector. These installations find their greatest application where the dust or colloctod material is non m abrasive m action. Cloth filters are used primarily where high efficiencies are nooessary for the reclamation of valuable material, where reolrculatlon is desired as a means at reducing heating losses, or in residential districts whs it is unlawful to discharge visible solids into the atmosphere. The original cost is higher than for tho cyclone but its efficiency le unquestioned, Its 11 extremely long, and maintenance fairly simple. ZLeotrlcal precipitation offej poshaps the most efficient type of separation but its Initial coat la high. Therefore, its application will probably be restricted to .the reclamation of valuable or extremely dangerous materials. Efficiencies of air washers ara s< what lower than cloth filtors, but occasionally lack of proper application en< maintenance of the latter tend to make tho former, the more praotlcal unit* I' cost averages about one-third that of the doth filter dosign. . 441 A Comparison of the Weight. Particle Count end Discoloration Methods of Teatli Air filters. g.3. Bowler and R.C. Jordan. Heating. Piping. Air Pond.. 13. 46-95 (April, 1941). The relative merits of throe filter tost methods based on weight, particle ear and discoloration are analyzed and the results of amorous tests are correlat with the theory of filtering air. In the testa by the counting method, the authors employed both an adhesive impingement type of dust counter and settll chambers. Balatlvaly low dust concentrations ware necessarily used in testa these instruments. There is considerable evidence that arrestances based on tide count aro the bsst measures of tho degree to which dangerous dust is el inatod, . but ere not necessarily measures at degree at rtsoval at nuisance dus Moroover in its present state of perfection, this method requires too long a time to make a statistically reliable determination. The weight method has t advantage of high accuracy, and readily allows determinations at filter life dost bolding capacity as well os arrestanoe. However* the role of tho lnxgos dust particles is exaggerated and the method gives little Information on axxt tancos due to smaller particles. Both tho transmitted and reflected light di coloration methods have a reasonably good accuracy (9$), and the reflection method is probably the best for moasuring reduction of soiling power. In tbs reflection method the blank isfairly constant, while it varies considerably the trananisalon method. Both methods measure tho reduction and discolomtit only in relation to the test dust being used, and the arrestancea vary groat] for the same filters with different dusts. The photo-electric cell method* 1 is the best measure of the reduction in discoloration* while the crucible ms* is the best measure of the reduction of the larger visible dust particles* question of which is the best indicator of remove! of nuisance dust is left < Digest of Industrial Hygiene . 10. 442 - Protection Against Poisoning in Blast Furnace Plants. 7.W.E. Spies. Ingenlei 55, 0.39-0.82 (August 16, 1941). {Dutch). Tie various types of respirators used against furnace gases are described, in cluding the carbon monoxide catalyzer, charcoal filter, and supplied oxygen respirators, w 443 Protoctlon Against Poisoning by Insecticides. M.F. doBruyne. Ingenleur. 55. 0.55-0.58 (August 9, 1940). (Dutch). The paper Is devoted mainly to a discussion of the respirators for protection against various types of insectieidos. Including the supplied elr filtering, < oxygen generating forms of protectors. 444 In Dusty Work Places. Scienoe Enables lien to Breathe Safely. A.C. Carruthers, Safety Eng., 81, 8-10 {April, 1941). The- author discusses dust prevention and porsonal protective devices briefly, beginning with the history of dust exposure and of preventive measures, eapecl ly the part played by the U.S. Bureau of nines In establishing approval tests respirators. Ha lists four general methods of dust prevention and protection! wetting the dust, exhaust systems, enclosed systems, and rosplrators. The 1 portenoe of educating beginners la competent and faithful use at protective di vlcos is stressed. 445 The Gas Mask for the Protection of the florknr. E. Hoitzal. . Z.ges.Sohlees-. u. Sprongstoffaw. 35. 133-4 t1940). {Oexmanl. Cases of fatal accidents, poisoning, oto., caused by nitrous foes, halogens their compounds, ammonia, carbon dioxide, Uma end alkalies, benzine, dust. Cortex gas, ethylene oxide, methyl sulfate, Plrinit, Prodorlt lacquer. Hangs solution, methyl alcohol, etc., are described. The use of proper gas modes 1 rocoEBiandod. .. 446 Respiratory Protection. Anonymous. Hat. Safety Hews, 43, 19-20, 28 (Karoh,l The entire Kerch number of HAXZOHAL SAFETY HEBS la devoted to safety equlpun of all types, with a brief article on each division of the subject. The gens soctlons are: (1) personal protection; (2) mechanical protaction; (3) fire a plant protection; (4) first old and medical service; (5) sanitary equipment a supplies, end (6) i&lecallanoous products and services. The first section is dlridod into clothing, eye protection, heed coverings, shoes, respiratory pre teotlon, hand and azm protection. While the treatment of each subject is sat ly goneral end does not justify detailed abstracting, the Issue Is e good cos iua of safety devices In goneral. An up-to-date list of Safe Praotloe Paaphl comprising General Pamphlets, Pamphlets for. Special Industries, Industrial Di Sheets, and Health Practices Pamphlets, Issued by Rational Safety Council, li Included. In the section on respirators, the clasalf1cation used by the tf. i Bureau of Mines Is followed by a list of factors to be taken Into considerate as compiled by'H-W. Leloberg Including (1) efficiency la rooting dusts; (2) minima obstruction to breathing; (3) tight fit; (4) comfort; (5) non-interf) ease with goggles and proper weight distribution; (6) nlTilmim free space wltl positive-acting, low-resistant Inhalation valves; (7) eompactnasa and good appearance; (8) durable cover, and (9) non-injuries materials, sad replaces' and sterlllzablo parts. 447 Artificial T.nn^a for the Testing of Gas Masks and Respirators. R. Sauer. Cesmasko, Ho. 1 (1940). (Gorman). ------ The paper describes with Illustrations, an artificial aschsnloal lung appasa for testing gas masks and respirators* Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 11. 448 Avoidable loss of Life. W. Meyer. Casiaske 12. 42-5 (1940). (Carman). A description of deaths caused by breathing fuses of lead, morcury, benzene, miscellaneous organic vapors, hydrogen sulfide, oarbon monoxide and dust. Tbe could have been avoided by tbo use of a gas mask. 449 Public Notice of the Goman Minister of Labor Concerning Decisions of the Cwnan; Committee for Dust Protectlvo Apparatus. January 30. 1940. Roicbsgcsundboltsbl 15, 283-7 (1940). (German). Tho published regulations relate principally to protection for sandblasters. Each must bare a positive pressure holmot which must havo sufficient excess pressuro and an air supply of at loast 80 liters per minuto. Construction oust bo suob as to prevent decrease bolow that aoount; the air supply oust be free from dust and oil and there must be en adjustable contrivance for heating which will provide a temporature of at least 20<>C. It is rocammonded that air be brought in by special ventilators, and direct connection with the ordinary com. pressed air supply is allowed only temporarily and only if the other conditions aro fulfilled. Three ecnaercial German helmets moot tbo specifications, (oneAuor and two Draeger) and others havo bean rejected. 450 Resuscitation After Electric Shock. C. ?. Delziol. Bloc. Vest 88, 58-42 (April, 1941). . Several first aid techniques for the electrical worker aro presented. Tho proi pressuro (Shaefer) oothod and pole top method ere desoribod, with the aid of numerous illustrations. Tho various organic causes of death from electric shoe . tho treatment of shock, and safety measures ere fully discussed. 451 Resuscitation from Shock. O.H.Bell and J.A.C.Knox. Elec. Rrr., 127. 241 (September 20, 1940). Experiments in resuscitation using the Jail lank and Shaefer methods were perfoj od on subjects who were trained to relax their respiratory ousoles. In the Jolllnok method, tho subject is laid on bis back and bis shoulders- ere farolbl; pushed backward toward tbs ground, bonding the vertebral coluan. The authors found that this method did not bring enough air into the lungs- and that tho stf joota wore very uncomfortable. The well-known Shaefer method proved entirely satisfactory and la much preferable to the other. 452 Muscular Paralysis Caused by Electric Currents. C.E. Dalziel end J.B. Lagan. Electronics 14. 22-3 (March. 1941). -- This is a report on tests conducted to dotemlne the threshold of muscular non . control of a group of normal men on direct and alternating currents from 5 to 10,000 cycles per second. Tho results givo tho velues of the electrio current ot which muscular paralysis occurs in Junons and range from 10 to 80 milllempe at ordinary frequencies. The results are independent of electrode size, moist on hands, current pathway and previous experience in tho teats. The threshold increases as tho frequency doorcases to very low values and also Increases as - S' it increases from about 200 to 10,000 cycles per second. 453 Training Men in Pole-Top Rosusoitation. E. Miller. Kloc. Light k Power 22/ 56 (February, 1941fl ........ A now pole-top technique developed by Southern California Edison Company, elil ates some difficulties found In the former method. A series of photographs demonstrates the method of resuscitation. oo v=3 P-n --S', Digest of Industrial -fyglene - 12. 454 Electric Shock. Electric Burns and their Treatment. A.S. Gordin. lad. Mod., 10> 87-91 (karofc, 1941)7 In the treatment of electric abode, immediate and continuous artificial reap! atlon, without moving the victim, is the first requisite. Aftor breathing is restored the patient most be kept quiet at least far an hour. As a rule no drugs should be administered. Bums should not bo treated until recovery fro shock appears certain. Amputation, whore necessary .should be delayed if poss until the shock has been overcame. Gas gangrene is a frequent complication, usually appearing 13 to 36 hours after the accident. Tho author has been un successful with serum end drugs of the sulfanilamide type. Tetanus antitoxin should he administered. Deep and severe hemorrhage oust be watched for. yes this reason, very careful nursing is of major Importonoo. Bone involvement d not show In x-rays and soldoa appears before 6 to 18 voeks have elapsed. Ski grafting is usually successful If not attempted too soon. The patient's swat con<L ;ien can be improved by giving him compensation oarly and by putting fata back to work as quickly os possible. 455 Defects of the Cardiac Valves as a Consequence of Electric Shock. S. Eooppcs Klin. Wchnaohr. 19. 1357-61 (1940). 1 German!. The author first discusses 13 cases of cardiac valve and muscular disturbance thought to have resulted, from electric accidents, but finds the problem camp] cated by infection and other factors. `From a number of animal experiments hi concludes that tho eloctrlc current causes disturbances of the nervous oyster the heart end an increase of blood pressure, caused by tbs spasm of tho peril al muscles and central Irritation of the brain. Also found are disturbances tho rhyths or a complete cessation of the heart with typical findings, or fll . lotion of the ventrlalo. It is impossible that a valvulardefect could be eat by an electrio accident. 456 Electrio Arc Welding: the Effects of Welding Gases and Times. S.T. Keek, C. McCord and G.C. Harrold. J.AmJted.Asaoc.. 116. 1618-31 (April 12, 1941). The authors briefly describe spot and gas welding with their associated baza; and then oleotrio welding in moro detail. The potential hazards from aleotr arc welding are: (1) the arc itself (ultraviolet emanations, heat, osone, nitrous gas); (8) elactrodes (manganese, chromium, nickel, zinc, magnesita. (3) coating of electrodes (fluorides, allies, silicates, bittaans); and (4) oxygen dofielenoy. Finally they present an abridged version of thslr zporl al work which was reviewed In our Abstract Mo. 783, Boveober, 1940. 457 Infrarod Snectronhotcmetrlo Studies on Hamoglobln as Affected by Cyanide. Methvlone Bins and Carboh Monoxide. M.M. Brooks. Am.J.Physiol.. 133, 311-8 (March 1, 1941j. By moans of a spectrophotometer and infrared-sensitive pbotcmetrlo plates, absorption spoctra of blood in the presence of methylene blue, nitrite, farx cyanide and cyanide ware studied. No changes ware produced by potasslm oyc or by aothylene blue, in the concentrations similar to those occurring in polsonlxgs end their therapy* Sodium nitrite produces a shift in the trans mission nn-rt imm- Tho author concludes that methylene blue does not produce mothemoglobin; also that the aoohanlgm of cyanide poisoning is an olteratidi the oxidation-reduction potential of the ferrous-ferric system of the respl: enzyme, such that the bivalent form is unable to revert to the trivaleat.-At non-toxic oxidant, such as methylene blue or sodims nitrite, say bring the potential back to a normal range, allowing recovery. 1)1goat of Industrial Hygiene.. 13. 458 Cerebral Vascular Lesions After Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. Queries end mT ^ Hotes. J. Am. Bed. Asaoo.. 116. 481 (February 1. 1941). Poisoning by carbon monoxide In a laborer egad 37 was followed in 3 weeks by severe bead pains and vomiting, after apparent recovery, and 7 days later a similar attack proving fatal, was clearly a ease of cerebral hosorrhage. No dear reply can be given to the question whether the poisoning was responsible for the cerebral hemorrhage, but fatty, hyaline and other retrogressive change of vessel walls are known to follow carbon monoxide poisoning. An existing crterlo8derosi8 enhsnoes the effect of carbon monoxide. 459 Carbon Monoxide -- A Domestic and Occupational Hazard. W.H. Schulze, Medico] Clinics of H. America. 23. 437-52 (Marsh. 1941). Where exposures continue over a period of several hours the oaxbon monoxide concentration In air should not exceed 100 parts par million parts of air. An poisoning Is manifested by a progressive paralysis of the central nervous sysl ultimately resulting In unconsciousness and death. Subacute poisonings are characterized by such subjective symptoms as headaches, nausea and vomiting, weakness, dimness of vision and dizziness. Continued educational methods de signed to acquaint the publlo with the sources, symptoms and dangers of carta monoxide poisoning both In the home and In Industry should help to reduce the large ninker of fatel end non-fatol poisonings caused by this gas every year* 460 Ozone In Ventilation and Air Conditioning. T.R. Crowder. Free, of the 20th Annual Meeting of the Medieal end 8urgleal Section of the Assoc, of American Bnilroada.Hev York, June 10-11, 1940. pp. 123-131. . Insofar as the physiological affects of ozone have been measured they era p** ponderately harmful. Even such minute quantities ee 1 port per 10 nllHon pa; of air may be definitely Injurious to the respiratory membranes. Bacteria caj be killed by ozone, if moist; but btaaa beings are Injured by concentrations . far below those necessary to bring this about that the fact la of no preotlem Importance is hygiene or therapeutics. The deodorizing effect of ozone la.nr reel, only apparent; since It accomplishoe its purpose by paralyzing the aens> of smell. The author concludes that ozone has no proper place in ventilation air conditioning. 461 Carbon Monoxide Poisoning. A.ELBaggenstoes. Hat.Engr., 44, 211-2, 223 (March 1940). This is a general paper on sources of carbon monoxide, its. mode of action, sy toms and prevention of poisoning, and treatment for persons overcome by the g 462 Hew Dangerous la Gael? W.B. Paton. Can. Min. I., <jl, 527-9 (August, 1940), The author answers the question, sometimes asked In just that form, by saying "As dangerous as It Is permitted to be." Tbo tors "gas" la used by mining na to denote any noxious or inflammable gas encountered In underground workings. -In Canadian mines, such gases consist of carbon monoxide, carton dioxide, hyd gen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen peroxide end methane* Probably all fatalities are caused by carton monoxide* The affects of each gas are discus with special attention to carbon monoxide. Suggestions are given for reduola the hazards. ' 463 Protection Against Poisoning in Mines. A.H. Vossenaar. Ingenleur. 58, 0.51 0.55 (August 9, 1940). (Dutch). ' - This Is a general paper on tbo properties of the most ermnon mine gases, und the usual classifications of suffocating. Irritating, paralyzing and truly poisonous eases, with brief consideration of protective measures. \ Y--J ir'm LwJ XiJ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 14. ' 464 Guarding Appinat Hjtrous Pines. Anonymous. Safety Sag., 81, 47-8 (1940). Fit an English Aeeldast Prevention Bulletin. Tbs oxides of nitrogen are among a few gases that nay cause grave injury with! mediate indications, and their effects nay be realized when it is too late i save the victim. To avoid Injury it is necessary to know share they are like! to occur, to avoid breathing them when they occur and to obtain nodical advioi at once when ill offsots are felt, howevor trivial they may son. Hltrous gai may arise wherever strong nitric add is used. The prefix "nitro" in the nau of a substance should be a warning that such femes nay be encountered in its or manufacture. An atmosphere containing enough of the fumes to show their r color is highly dangerous, and even mailer concentrations, enough to cause - coughing, choking sensation or smarting of the skin are injurious. Wherever . fumes may arise the operation should be either totally enclosed or provided wi strong exhausts, supplemented with genorol vontilatlon. Breathing apparatus < the canister type is suitable for repair work and any other necessary exposun only when the concentration of the fumes is low. Otherwise air-supplied or oxyeon-generating respirators must be used. Whan molten nitrate baths are us< for heat treatment, the taaporeture must never exceed SS0C. ' 465 CaTboa Monoxide and Hydrogen Sulfide Poisoning in Industrial Prcceasaa and Pr taction Against Then. E. Ifeitzel. Z.ges.Sebless-u. Spreagstoffsw. 3fl, 157-9 - (1940). (German). A discussion of the opportunities which exist in many industries for the aeol> al rolonse of carbon monoxide end hydrogen sulfide In poisonous quantities. 1 symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning and the mechanism of poisoning are des cribed, Methods for detecting the presence of carbon monoxide la air end for post-mortem tosts for the gas are given. The throe kinds of protective auks described, including: (1) a mask with a canister containing a o&talytlo mgan composed of a mixture of cupric oxide and manganese dioxide, which oxidises carbon monoxide to carbon dioxide; (2) the oxygen breathing apparatus with a supply of oxygen, and (3) the hose mask to which air is puqped through a tube Hydrogen sulfide la no leu dangerous than carbon mosoxlda. In hign concentr tions unconsciousness occurs practically instantaneously. It also causes eye injuries. Instances of rapid poisoning axe cited. Sources of hydrogen sulfi in industry and elsewhere are listed, and symptoms of poisoning ore described Suitable gas masks should be worn and stringent safety precautions should be observed. 466 Beware Ammonia Hazards. Anonymous* Power Plant Eng., 45, 69 (Hay, 1941) A brief note on the precautions to be observed in handling and using oylladex of imnonla iweiodiwg proper manipulation of valves and tbs necessity of renal ing with the cylinder during discharge. ' 467 Anhydrous Anaonia. R.J. Quinn and R.L. Carr. Water Wotks & Sewerage* 88. . 132-6 (March, 1941). In addition to data on the physical properties of aipydrous aaaonia, the aut) present information en its physiological effects, precautions is handling cxri first aid treatment of persons overcame or injured. The precautions include ventilation by fans near the ceiling, use of only iron and steel for piping, avoidance of mixing the gas with chlorine, end. cere in handling. Pint aid includes raaovel to fresh air, use of artificial respiration but not the pulmi treatment of eyea with boric add, nose and throat buns with boric add and light irin burns with picric acid. More serious buns should not bo treated with piorlc add but should be cared for by the physician. The tannic add ' treatment is advocated. Henderson and Haggard's table of limiting conoestxv is given* . Digest of Industrial l^ygiene - 15. . 3LTO^ 4GB Basedow* 8 Disease from Carton MonoAde Poisoning. I. Mehalm. Her. Bed. sulssi rcm. 60. S88 tl940): Zontr. Gewerbehyg. Pnfallverhut. 27. 193 (1940). (Ooxaan). ' A 37 year-old woman Buffered in wlntor froa progressive weakness, which com pletely disappeared In sunnor. Basedow's disoqse developed during lest winter. The cause was a defective stovo which gave off auch carbon monoxide. The case dlfferod from those previously dosorlbed in the literature In that the symptom developed very slowly (3 winters) during on insidious poisoning. Kzopbthalaos was absent. The similarity between carbon aonoAde poisoning and Basedow* s dli ease is discussed and the relation of Basedow's disease to changes' In the mesencephalon Is pointed out. ` 469 Danger of Chlorine Qae. Froltag. Z.gea.Scliless-u. Sprengstoffsw. 35. 169 (1940). (Oezoan). ' Several Instances of poisoning by chlorine gss are described. Methods of trea: ment are suggested. Venesection and oxygen Inhalation are recommended. ToAc action on man Is described as follows: O.Ql ag. par 1. can be breathed for several hours without serious offsets; 0.1 to 0.15 sg. per 1. is lethal In 1 t< 1. 3 hours. 470 Chromate Method for the Determination of Sulfur Dioxide In Air. P.7. Moakalev. Lab. Prakt. (U.3.S.B.) 15, 26-8 (1940). (Busalon). Check. Abst., 35, 1353 (Marci 10,1941). The author has modified the method of Long by making soma alight ohamges la reagents, end presents details of the analysis. Sufficient details for practi cal use aro given in the Chemical Abstracts reference. 471 Sodium Hltropruasldo Test Papers fer the Detection of Sulfur Dioxide and Hydro gen Sulfide. M. 3clacca and S. Solarlno. Ann, chlm. apnllcata. 30. 246-7 (1940). (Italian). Filter papers washed in e solution containing 4$ of sodlm AtxeprusAde and 2! - of sodium carbonate All detect sulfur dloAde et a concentration of 1 port pec million and hydrogen sulfldo at 1 part In 5 million. 472 X-Rcy Diffraction -- An Important Tool la PneumocoAoala Beaearoh. L. H. Barkaihaner. Jour; lad. Bre. & Toxlool.. 23. 163-175 (May. 1941). Seven representative and varied Instances are described in which x-ray dlffrao tion has boon of assistance in pnoisaoconlosis rosecrch. Mineral speolsuna and dusts, the ohoaically extracted mineral residues of lung tissue, six-micron ae tlons as well as thicker sections, and dried and pulvarized lung tissue have a been subjected to x-ray diffractions with satisfactory results* Tbs posslblli of identifying minerals present In the same section that tho pathologist has studied has been demonstrated. This may not ho feasible In all eases Amos th dust concentration Is a limiting factor but it can bo used la many instances a It has on advantage over methods involving dust retrieval which may alter the composition of the minerals In the process. Tho erroneous Implication that th mineral pyrophylllte was the cause of a reported oase of nodular fibrosis has -.3 boon considered; and proof by x-ray diffraction analysis is offered that tbs case In question was ono of disease due to quartz r&tbar than pyrophylllte. X-Boy diffraction bos its limitations but within them it has proven an invalu able Ad In pnoumoconiosi8 research. . 473 The Modicolerol Aspects of Roentgenology. J.W. Pierson. Medical Clinics of 8 America 25. 531-46 (March. 1941). The medicolegal aspocts of roentgenology may be considered from three angles: (1) the presentation in court of testimony baaed on roentgenologic findings; ( the preparation of the proper foundation for such testimony by accurate roontf CO CO CU --t ~.s\ Digest of Industrial Rygiane - 16. technic and correct Interpretation of the films obtained; and (3) the legal, responsibility of the individual employing x-ray apparatus for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes, or both. 474 The lilnlaturo X-Ray Film of the Chest. B.H. Douglas and C.C. Blrkelo. da. Rev. of Tb.. 43. 108-116 tJanuary. 19411. Photo-roentgenography with the 4x9 inch flla la quito accurato whan compared wj tho largor fils. This type of examination can be used rapidly and economically in surveying large nushers of persons. This flla size is of practical use for direct interpretation without enlargement and has decided advantages over certa other methods of X-ray examination either os to accuracy or cost or both. 475 Tuberculosis Case-Finding. HJ. Edwards and others. Am. Rev. of Tb. 43, 491 (April, 1941). This is tha report of a survey of 28,331 trade union members In Hew York City : 1939. The workers ware primarily from the needle trades (dreemoakers, etc.), department stores, wholesale warehouses, pocketbook makers, and food trades, T1 absence of Important tuberculosis findings In warehouse workers was.not slgnlf; cant because of the small uunber x-rayed. Workers in the needle trades end pocket book makers had lower rates of significant tuberculosis than those In department atoroa and food handling trades. More detailed analysis by speclfl union locals showed a greater problem In some, hut la no Instance was It poasf to conclude that the Job per ae represented a special hazard so far as tubarcu losis was concerned. 476 A Disorder Simulating Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Anonymous. Med. 1. Australia, i, a (1941}. : This Is an editorial comment on a paper by Plnodt-Uoeller and Barton (Indian M Gaz., October, 1940), who report a "pseudotuborculoals condition associated wl ooainophilia" or "eoaiaophilla lung." The patients have fever,cough, expootor atlon, loss of weight, pain In the chest, and sometimes hemoptysis. Tha roent genogruph resaables that of miliary tuberculosis or silicosis. The mottling 1 extensive and usually errenly distributed. The Individual shadows ere about 8 in diameter. Tha prognosis is relatively good. Sams of the patients, slnrtm years later, woro found to he In an unchanged condition. The condition may he caused by constant or repeated passage of halsdnth larvno through the logs, 1 editors consider that the evldeuoe Indicates a distinct disease, but advise awaiting proof from autopsy and histological examination. 477 Influence of Aircraft Performance on Selection and Core of Military Aviators, J.R. Poppexu War Had., X, 180-7 (Harob, 1941). " Tha author discusses the problems of adequate testa for selection of avlatorsi adequate oxygen supply, prevention of "bends" and of a similar "decompression illness," and offsets of sudden hnwgo of directions. Progress is being aadi on all these problems. The problems of odd, visibility and carbon monoxide i also receiving considerable attention. ' 473 Industrial Hygiene and tha Haw in Rational Defense. E.W. Brown, Her Mod,, ^ 3-14 (January, 1941). Tha Medical Department of the United States Navy la vitally interested in lnd> trial hygiene, especially in navy yard practice. Industrial hygiene surveys conducted separately by a medical officer and a line officer detailed as an engineer, and than correlated; and the engineer formulates tbs control progra Statistics are presented, which show a marked reduction In accident rate In a 12-ycar period. A list of occupational health hazards In navy yards Is press: with a discussion of the most ccanon ones. Special physioal examinations of employees exposed to hazards is stressed. Digest of Industrial Hyglens - 18. expressed in ponderous medical terminology which is perfectly understandable t> him and other medical witnesses but is absolutely unintelligible to tbs lay Jury. 483 Health Maintenance in Snail Industry. K.B. Robson. Am.?.Pub.Health 31, 162-6 (February, 1941). The author relates bow a practical health program is successfully conducted in small plant with 20C employees by e part-time doctor and a part-time nurse. Tb doctor's duties inolude preemploymont and mutual examinations, monthly trips o: inspection accompanied by the plant director and visits alone at irregular in tervals. The nurse devotes half bar time each day to company work Including p sense in tho first-aid roam at a specified time, keeping records of all employ absences, and visits to the hems of new end absent employees* First-aid equip meat coats about $300 and the rost of the service coata about $10 per aployee por year. Sick absenteeism has decreased from 2.7 to 0.85 days par employes p year under this plan. Tima lost through accidents has also decreased. The co of eeeldent oases le not Included in the above figures sinco it is paid direct' through the Compensation Board. In those times of Increasing taxaa, the autho: points out, a medical service mast be an asset, not n liability, and more than humanitarian reasons are necessary to justify the cost of a small-plant median program. ' 404 Annual Report of the Chief Inspector of Factories and Workshops. 1939. Chanter Health. J.C. Bridge. ` H. M. Stationary Offl00. London. 1940. The present war emergency has affected the health of the worker, net only la 1 oreaaod accidents, but also on account of blackouts, increase in working hours general anxiety end retardation In applying now reforms. Among industrial dls oases, lead poisoning has remained at a low level, but mercury poisoning has i creased, as has hiso efarams ulceration. Araanioal poisoning has occurred in insecticide manufacture. Dermatitis has increased, but alllcoala Is at a aten still. Sevoral fuses and gasos arc discussed. The first ease of fluorine osteosclerosis was reported in 1939. First aid in industry has received an 1m petus from the intensive preparation for national defense. Industry le sore o more realizing the Importance of medical supervision, and mure fdll-tlae and part-time medical directors and nurses are boing employed. 485 The Industrial Health Program in Maryland. R.B. Film, Maryland State Dept. Health Monthly Bull., 13, 30-35 (June, 1941). This Is an account of the intensified industrial health activities in Maryland By tho cooperative provision of B.8. Public Health Service personnel to serve until permanent appointments are made, a broad program la being oarriad on. Preetlcal surveys of seme forty industrial plants are done la cooperation wit! the county health officers and their staffs. Educational efforts of various kinds are being put into operation. It la emphasized that the sucoeaBful pro* notion of an industrial health program can beet be accomplished by the closely ^ o combined efforts of the physlolan, the industrial hygiene engineer, and the chemist, la collaboration with other state, local and federal agendas, tho accident commission, nodical societies, employer and onplqyae groups, uaiversj * ties and companion interested in industrial casualty lnsuseaee, 486 Supplement #4. Occupation and Boslth. Intern. Labour Office. Genera, 1940, This brochure contains four additions to the Encyclopedia of Hygiene, Patholo, and Social Welfare; (i) Adaptation and Rehabilitation; (2) Coracoiditin; (3$ Occupational tvmora; (4) Workers Nutrition. The third section la a oontinuatl of previous articles on tiaors -- this one dools with thoso of the digestive system* - Digest of Industrial Hygiene -19. 487 Maintenance of Safa, Healthful gorging Conditions During 1940. Div. of Ind. K.Y.State Dent, of Labor. Ind. Bull*. 20. 114-119 (April, 1941), The work of tha Division of Industrial Hygiene during the past year has bees three-foldi {1) it has made field and laboratory studies for the detection, control and prevention of occupational diseases and accidents; (2) it has cbbarked on a special health conservation program for the defense industries ot state; end (3) it has rendered technical service (nodical, chemical end engin lng) to the Labor Department as a whole. Theso activities are described In detail. fi-n 488 The Mediccl Aspects of Occupational Diseases. J .M.McDonald. Med. Clinics o1 N. America. 25. 357-64 (March. 1941). The author's dlseusalon takes up the following topics: Historical, Causes, Channels of EntTy for Industrial Poisons, Diagnosis, Treatment, Prognosis, az Prevantlon. Tho physician's part In prevention begins with the pre-enploymex physical oxcaalnation of all persons applying for work. ' Tho health status of each employee oust also be re-chocked at regular intervals. If cases of occv tional disease appear, the physician should immediately sack the services of industrial hygienist. After tho control apparatus or mothods are completed, physician must check the efficiency of its operation by making frequent oboei tlons cf the physical condition of those employees for whose protection the equipment was installed. 489 Conservation of Manpower Through the Extension and Improvement of Industrial Medical Service. Conn. State Med. Society and Manufacturers Assoo. of Cosm.; Ino-, April 15, 1941. A joint eensaittee from the Connecticut State Medical Society and the Masufee* ors Association of that stato have made a study over a period of many months, a result, certain suggestions are offered for the extension end Improvement < industrial medical service. The type of service deals with the following as* itles: (l) Control of Plant Environment, (2) Physical Hrminations end Stipe: vision of Baployees, (3) Therapy, (4) Special Investigations, (5) Education, points are each dealt with at soma length in this booklet. standard, are advocated and a plan suggested for assisting industries In developing tb Individual medloal service. 490 Poisoning. P.A. Tan Luyt. Imgsnleur. 55, C.45-0.51 (August 9, 1940). (Dutch This is one of four papers presented at a symposium of the (Motherland) Moya Institute of Engineers in December, 1939. It is a general discussion of lad trial poisoning, including individual susceptibility, methods of entrance of poison into tbs system, removal of poisons, therapy and prophylaxis. Sot mu attention ia given to any specific poison. 491 A further Study of the Psychological Aspects of a Miner* a Work. T.F. Millie* g.H. KerlUe. Trans. Instn. Min. Engra.. 100'. 141-51 (Pebruanr. 1941)} rovi in Colliery Cuardlan, 162. 311-3 (April 4, 1941). This research described was the investigation of certain aspects of the "hou machine" and its bobavlor during exercise, with special reference to mining ations, zt included walking and loading experiments, with variation la roof height, also argometer experiments at high temperatures. Results of the lat tests Indicate strain upon vital organs at first, which decreased with-adapt to tho heat. - 'w v=3 d_n. @ Digest of Industrial Hygiene - so. 493 Rehabilitation of Injured Miners. Anonymous. Iron fc Coal Trades -Rev., 142. 391-2 (April 2, 1941). . This paper describes the rehabilitation clinic established by colliery owners o English Midlands, for Injured minors, especially those with fractures. Gradual ly increasing exercise especially adapted to restoring use of the Injured ports is a prominent feature of tho treatment. Pleasant surroundings end psychologic rehabilitation are emphasized. A very large proportion of the miners return to work. . 493 Industrial Senltctlon. N.J.Redder. Safety Bog.. SI, 41-6 (April. 1941). Health of employees and good will among them Is fostered by adequate sanitary facilities. Minimum requirements for sanitary facilities in Industrial plants were outlined a year ego by tho National Institute of Health (see Abstract No. 385, April. 1940). One drinking fountain should bo provldod for every SO emplo ees. In the approved type, now constituting less than 10# of the total, the water-flows are set at sn angle from the vertical. Sufficient toilet fadlltle roughly ono for each 30 persons, should be provided. Types of construction ore discussed. Shower baths are becoming an increasingly important part of the sah itary facilities in today* s places of employment. Midget shower heads and haav brass construction with ebroniua finish and safety alxars aro recommended. Wash lag facilities should bo at convonisat locations and preferably of the wall-hue type. Good soap from suitable disponsors. softened water and Individual towall will load employees to proper health habits and self-respeot. Pure water ohoul be assured, and duel watar supply systems should be avoided. 494 Protecting the Baployee's Health. R.C. Heard. Gas Age 86, 27 (Septober 26, 1940). The common cold not only causes a large proportion of loss of hours, but also is contagious and may lead to mere serious ailments. In one factory, the inoidence cf colds was greatly reduced by dispensing halibut liver oil tablets, wll . instructions on early treatment of cold and genoral health rules. The precau tionary measures advocated by Metropolitan Life Insurance Company are quoted. 495 Hookworm Disease and Its Prevention In the Gorman Mining Industry. V. Sslns. Olueckauf 76. 457-63 (August 24. 1940). (German). A map Is presented showing the geographical occurrence of hookwozm disease ove: the world. In Western Europe, as tho result of a highly successful campaign against the disease. It ie prevalent only In Franco, Hungary and the southern countries. However, great precaution must still be observed on account of Its increasing spread in the Soviet Union. ' 496 Recovery of Fatigued Muscle Following Intravenous Injection of Potaasiuw Chlor H. Hoff and others. Am. J. Physiol. 131. 615-8 (January. 19411. In a series of experiments In which potassiun chloride was lntxoduoed into a vein In close proximity to a twltohing masala, the authors found that the orlg al height cf contraction was regained end oven surpassed despite several hours of muscular twitching. They conclude that since potassium is known to be libs ated from tho muscle cell during contraction, this loss may wall be one factor in the development of fatigue, and the replenishing with potassium salt may thus allow recovery. 497 The Effect of Exercise in Hat Atmospheres upon the Pulse Rate. D.H.K. Leo-and G.P.B. Boissard. Med. J. Australia. 2, 664-8 (December 21,1940). Roplcoemcnt of water lost during exercise In hot atmospheres Is Indite effectlv in preventing excessivo rise of pulse rate. The benefit of water replacement somewhat greater in a "hot dry" atmosphere (101 dry bulb, 38)1 relative humidl S3 m CO v=0 -- -S'! Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 21. . than in a "hot vet" one (87.5 dry bulb. 83$ relative humidity) both haring tb same effective temperature Index. Uso of saline solution instead of water. Is beneficial In a "hot wet" atmosphere, but appears to be disadvantageous in a hot dry one. 498 Cutaneous Diffusion of Halium in Halation to Peripheral Blood flow and the Ab sorption of Atmospheric nitrogen through the Skin. A. fiohnke end T. Willmon. Am. J. Physiol.. 131. 687-32 (January. 1941). Tbo subject's body was Issuersed to the neck In helium and the exhaled hellvia wi aoaoured. After 30 to SO minutes, when equilibrium was established, at 27-28l between 40 and 60 cc. of halium per hour diffused through the skin, passed to 1 lungs end was oxhsled. At 35C. the diffusion was about 170 oo. of halloa por hour. This temperature effect Is explained ohlofly on the basis of an increaS4 cutaneous blood flow. In similar experiments with the body surrounded with oxygon, the nitrogen elimination deoroasod from 47 ac. to between 24 end 34 oc. per hour, returning to normal when the body la again surrounded by air. There* fore undar similar conditions tho nitrogen diffusion la loss than 50$ of that of hollus. 499 Coseous Hltrogen and Hollua 31x31nation from the Body durlte Dost and Exercise. A. Bohnke rad T. Willmon. An.J.Physiol. 131. 619-26 (January. 1941). After a mixture of 73 to 7C$ helium, 5-7$ nitrogen and 20$ oxygen wne breathed for 3 hours, about 60$ of tho halium was found to leave the tissues during the first hour. Exercise on a stationary bicycle increased tho halloa elimination, for instance, 60$ over a 13 minute period of exorcise. The elimination Of nit) gen is rapid during tho first 2 houre and then slower until an end-point Is reached somewhare between 9 end 12 hours, Exorolse produces masted Increase 1) nitrogen elimination. The addition of helium to the inhnlod oxygen- did not interfere with tho rmov&l of nitrogen from tho body tissues. This a helium dlvo will require about oho half the period of decompression neoessary for an air dive. . 500 Health Hazards in the Finishing of Metals. N.B. Pramisel. Products Finishing 5, 18-28 (November, 1940); 52-61 (December, 1940). Tho subject is covered briefly but comprehensively In twe papers. The first con3ldors tho subjective factors in health hazards, including race, sex, age, living habits, personal characteristics, experience and familiarity with parti lor operations and susceptibility to particular hazards, followed by the objee tive factors, which include tenpsreture, humidity, ventilation, dampness, radl tion, illmlnation, aleotrioity, noises, vibration, and neuroaoa. In the soco paper the effoots of particular poisons are considered, especially hydrocarbon and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Benzene,- toluene, xylene, petrolem distillates turpontlno, carton tetrachloride, the chlorethylenea, tetrachlorethans, ethyls dlchloride and chlorbenzenes aro discussed at least briefly, with safety limit for the mst Important onos. General safety rules are inoluded. 501 Industrial Poisoning of tho Nervous System. H. Voss. Fortschr. Gab. Nervenkra p. 161 (1939J; Zentr. Geworbohyg. Unvorfallhut. 27, 303 (1940). (German). A review of tho following industrial poisons and thoir effect on the nervous system: lead, mercury, arsenic, manganese, benzene and its bomologs, nitre cc pounds of benzene, pbenylhydrazlne, benzine, chloroform, oarbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide. Digest of Industrial Hygiene . 22. I 502 Seme Problems of War-Tine Labor Management. K.G. Feaelon. Proc. Roy. Soc. Art 21-34 (December 13. 1940). addition to problems of selection and training of workers and foreman, the 3 author discusses several phases of industrial health. The lesson taught by the V /S^5v previous war, that production i3 decreased by too long houra, has had to bo re learned by sane industries. It has been found that suitable rest pauses in crease production by 5 to 10$. Blackouts interfere with working conditions be cause entrance of daylight into factories is restricted. Boredom oust be f' alleviated by varying occupation or by other means. Welfare work must not only include increased service in tho plant, such as introduction of canteens, but must also extend outside tho plant, on account of bombed hnmesj lock of gas, ant lack of suitable recroatlon. 303 Industrial Lighting In War Tlmo. H.C. Weston. Light & Lighting 33, 178-80 (November, 1940). The use of blackouts (somotlmes called black-ins when referring to covering fac tory windows) has emphasized problems of proper artificial lighting. Tho (British) Factory Lighting Commission has proscribed the extent of illumination sufficient for comfort in ordinary work, end has advocated painting fixtures let than 20 feet from tho floor in light colors. Improvements in lighting are dis cussed, including use of fluorescent tubular lamps, and of local lighting where noodod. A copy of the lighting regulations accompanies tho paper. ' 28 V 304 Artificial Lighting and Eyesight. O.V. Downer. Aircraft Eng., 12, 286 (September, 1940). Defoatlve vision 13 more widespread today than at any previous period la hlstor, on account of increased night-time activity under artificial illagination, in creased nervous tension and vitamin deficiency in diet. The structure of tbs or end mechanism of sight axo discussed. The essential requirements of really gooi artificial illumination ore: even distribution, freedom from glare and elinlnatlon or reduction of shadows. Indirect lighting best attains these qualities, but whoa it is not practicable the lighting should be carried out by ccaparativ' ly largo areas of comparatively low surfaco brightness. Tho color of tho light should approximatedaylight. Bye strain can be minimized by occasional periods of looking away from the work. Proper diet is essontial. Papers on^IndustxialJPoisona. C<mccr^_Domatltla1_j!to. -- jp ---- '* - __ . .--. 505 Poisoning by Trlorthocreayl Phosphate. B. Staohalin. Schweiz, mod. Wchnschr. 71, 1-5 (1941). (OermanT Throo groups of trlorthocreayl phosphate poisoning have been observed! (1) In therapeutic experiments with creosote-phosphoric; (2) in ginger liquor in tho United Statos, contaminated with the substance; and (3) in Apiol, employed os a abortlfadont, whloh sometimes contains tho substance. The author observed 69 cases of poisoning which wore caused by the orvoneous use of triortbooresyl phosphate lnstoad of edible oil. Immediate and delayed symptoms are described, ' the latter being those of the usual progressive paralysis. Atrophies developed accomodation of the oyoswas affected, and although sensation was not disturbed there were pains end fibrillar spams of tho muscles. The brain was not affect od. Tho height of tho paresis was reached in 3 to 4 weoka, and Improvement be - gon, progrossing in the opposite direction, but very slowly, requiring 2 months after tho poisoning in the least affected patients* Tho point of attack was tt medullary ehaath of the motor nerves. Abnormal amounts of triortbooresyl phos phate could not bo found in tho excreta. Heat, massage and movement were cnployed in therapy. It has boon shown that 0.15 g. is sufficient to produce a slight poisoning and 0.5 to 0.7 f, a serious one. CO <; ~ .S'. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 23. 506 Handling Paint Products. Anonymous. Hat. Safety News, 43, 20-1, 76 (Hay,1941) This is a brief paper presented In popular style, dealing with conposltlon of paint and the hazards involved in its use, including lead poisoning and fire ax health risks from the thinner. The precautions recommended Includo use of non inflammable solvents, wearing of respirators and gloves or use of protective creams or liquids, use of raw linseed oil for removing point from the hands, washing boforo eating and opening out doths3 or rags saturatod with oils to avoid spontaneous combustion which occurs when rags arc closely stored. 507 Treetmont of Chronic Benzene Poisoning in Low-Pressure Workors with Ascorbic Acid. 7. Hagen. Arch.Gowarbopath. u. Cewerbehyg., %> 698-704 (l939), (German). Increased lymphocytes and decreased rod cells and hemoglobin were noted in ben zene poisoning. The urinary level of ascorbic acid diminished* Ascorbic acid in doses of 75-105 mg. daily for 6 to 7 weeks resulted in return to normal vali 508 Cornenv. Circular of the Minister of Labor Concerning the Use of Benzene. August 20. 1940. Arbeitssclxutz, pp. 236*7 (1940).- (Gorman)* Tho danger of benzene poisoning in Germany has increased on aocount of its sub stitution for benzine, which Is difficult, to obtain. The following regulation! aro announced: (1) avoiding the use of benzene in dosed spaces; (2) replace ment by tolueno and xylene when possible; (3) materials containing over 8$ ben zene must be especially labded; (4) hours of work for woman and young men sms' bo roduced, and pregnant woman must not work with benzene, end (5) all persons using such solutions must be examined every 4 months. 509 The Danger of Continued Inhalation of Oxygen or Corbogen During Acute Polsonln with Chlorinated Solvents. D. Matrucbot. Bar. 8 intern. Kongr, Unfallmed. u. Berufskrankh. 2, 913, (1$39); Zentri Qewerbehyg. Unfallverhnt, 27, 27 (1940) (Gsman). Three guinea pigs which bad been kept 9 minutes In en atmosphere of 150 mg. ' trichlorothyiene par liter wore in deep narcosis, although the respiratory ret was 50-60. Tho animals were Immediately placed In a gas chamber in which tho atmosphere was brought to 60$ oxygen or oarbogen in tho course of 3/4 hour. Dp administration of theso gases the excretion of trichlorethylene during the fir minute was moro rapid than In air, hut later became slower. After triohloretb lane poisoning, therefore, the animals recover much more slowly In oxygen end corbogen. 510 Solvent Degreasing and Health. N.E. Proaisel. -Products Finishing. 5, 48-57 (February,1941), T. 1chlorothyiene is the advent most generally used in degreasing, and its pre parties ore discussed with roforenoo to hazards. In the proper method of mane facturo It is thoroughly purified and stabilizers ore added to prevent its de composition under mast of the conditions of handling. The stabilization does not proven* decomposition due to contact with flames or rod hot surfaces, and should not be used within 50 feet of sources at heat. The design of several types of dogrossers is next discussed, with illustrations and a diagram. The qulrcments of the New York Division of Industrial Hygiene for exhaust systemc are included. There aro no health hazards in solvent degreasing if tho unit : properly designed, installed and operated. 511 Action of Carbon Tetrachloride on the Circulation. B.A. Oelkors and B. Fledli Arch, exptl. Path. Phaxmakol. 195. 117-20 (1940)(German). In rabbits and cats anesthetized with urethan tho inhalation of carbon tetra chloride vapor caused an immediate drop in arterial blood pressure. i C'ii fij, {^1 V"'.' a m -S) Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 24. 512 Effects of Intravenous and Intraperltoneal Introduction of Polyvinyl Alcohol Solutions on the Blood. W.C.Baeoer end others. J. Pharmacol., TO. 201-10 (last Polyvinyl alcohol is a long-chained polymer which forms a viscous colloidal solution In water* The Immediate affects of intravenous injection in dogs and rabbits are a decrease in erythrocytes end hemoglobin end an increase in sedi mentation rate due to aocelsratod conglutination. Repeated injections Impair oj ' suppress clotting. The general effects ore much like those produced by acacia solution. Polyvinyl alcohol is retained in the blood, 3pleen, liver, kidneys, lymph nodes, otc., for many we -v.3. 513 Chronic Poisoning by Benzine Vapors. G. Penni and C. DeStefonis. Rase. mcd. ind. n, 516-38 (1940). (Italian). In experiments on guinea pige ond albino rats at a concentration of bonzine (so* purified, containing benzone) of 0.013 g. por 1. air, a true poisoning was sot observed; at the concentration of 0.023 g. por 1. the toxic action begins, but disappears if the inhalation ceases; with greater concentrations there is a serious toxic action. The histological rosults are shown and discussed. 514 Industrial Solvents as Possible Stlologic Agents in Myeloid Metaplasia. R. Pawson and others. Seiesoe v3. 541-2 (June 6. 194l). A comparison of the histologic findings in agnogenlo (cause unknown) myeloid motoplasla with those found in ebronlo boszol poisoning together with cortala clinical evidence led to an investigationinto the occupational histories of* th> patients in this clinic with myeloid metaplasia. All of the six available fbr study gavo a history'of oxposure to certain industrial solvents Including bnz& and carbon tetrachloride. The facts suggost that exposure in some individuals to eartein fat solvents may result in the alinical picture previously described as agnogenic myeloid metaplasia* 515 A Portable Pnlt for the Determination of Halogonatod Hydrocarbons. H.C. Dudley Pub. Health Hepts.. 56. 1021-1087 (May 9. 1941). This is a description' in detail of a portable unit for the thermal dacompoaitior and determination of halogenated hydrocarbons in air. The principle of this sampling device is similar to that employed by others, the air stress being pais ed through samo typo of hosted tubo, which serves to decompose the organic . * ; halides. Chemical tosts are finally employed -- tho gravlmotrlo determination * of the silver halides having boon found to bo more advantageous with smaller amounts of halogens. Analysis of standard samploa indicates that, at a complin rate of 2.5 liters per minute, recovery of carbon tetrachloride and trlebloreth lone is quantitative. 516 The Prophylactic Pee of Sulfonated Oil in Cement Dermatltle. X. Pincus* H.Y.- Steto 7. Med., 40, 1391-3 (1940)J " Two oases of cement dermatitis aro presented, whloh resisted all attempts at pe manent cure until sulfonated castor oil was used instead of soap. The Irritant action of soap is based on the type of fatty acids and the nkjallne reaction- The mixed fatty adds la sulfonated castor oil show a niohnn irritation end tl pH is slightly on the add side. 51? Occupational Dermatitis in Cigar Makers Due to Contact with Tobacco Leaves, t. Vanand S.Oenovose. ArduDenu fcSvphil.. 43. 257-263 (lebruarr. 1941). A report of tfaroo cases of occupational dermatitis in dgar makers working in 1 same factory* It was due to contact with tobacco leaves and was attributed to acquired sensitivity to recently fermented tobacco leaves. Tho condition In aJ tbroo cases proved recalcitrant to therapeutic measures and cleared up onl] when working with tobacco was discontinued* In determining the oauae of derma* title in this industry, acquired sensitivity must be kept in mind. Digest of Industrial Sygiene - 25. 518 Comers* Stripes -- The Coal Miners* Dermatosis. F.3. Bettley. Brit. J. Der matol., "32, 129 tApril, 1940). Colliers' stripes appear on exposed parts as numerous linoar end irregularly shaped marks? the result of an accidental tattooing of coal dust Into the skin. It has been claimed that those wounds rarely suppurate and that the particles of coal do not excite any roaotlon in the tissues. This author's observations dis agree with those claims. Suppuration 00010*3 no less than is to he expected, and histologically ha has found a foreign body reaction, particularly near blood vossols. . 519 Skin Troubles and Machine Toole. A. Dunkham. Engineer (London) 169. 501.2 (Hay 31, 1940); Machinery (toadon) 56, 188-9 (Hay 9, 1940). The author's experience with oil dermatitis began nearly 40 years ago, whan the bacterial origin theory was considered sufficient. In the light of additional knowledge, bacterial contamination is considered a factor, but not the main fao- tor. The author attributes tho disease primarily to tho stoppage of the skin poros by oil containing motal dust and other dirt, interfering with tho natural discharge of perspiration. Loss of tho natural grease of the skin la also a fee ' tor. Inflammation Is followed by suppuration and In that stage the disease Is Infeotivo. The preventive measures suggested Include protection by an oil-re- sisting ointment (or water-realsting when emulsions are used), use of. lanolin tc . restore grease to the skin, and general cleanliness of machine and cooling oils, '% . 320 Industrie! Dermatitis. D.C. Straus. Nat. Safety Nevis, 43, 36, 82 (January, 1941 In Illinois, during the first two years of operation of the Occupational Disease Act of 1936, 107 claims out of- a total of 474, or 22.591 were for occupational skin diseases. In 1939 the ratio had risen to S9.39&* which was a higher percent age then for any other type of occupational disease. A similar increase ban occurred In 5 other states. Among dishwashers, one of tho larger groups most subject to dermatitis, and among bottle scalers, sodlun hsxaaetophosphate applii to the hands and dried boforo working, proved completely successful In combating dermatitis from washing compounds containing chlorine. In tanneries, sodla hyposulfite has boon found very effective aa a preventive. "Chaaieal gloves" o: akin coatings Insoluble in tho solvents being bandied are of two types, watersoluble and wntorpxoof. The first type gives good protection against paint, lacquers, vanishes, oils, greases, waxes, thlmors, carbon black, lead oxides, carbon paper, otc. Tho second typo la used for protection against cutting com pounds and cooling lubricants In which tho wator content exceods 10$, and with strong acid and alkaline solutions. 521 Prevention of 0^ Dermatitis. Anonymous. N.T. State Xnd. Bull., 20, 92-93 (March, 1941). Tho belief has developed, and Is accepted today, that in the prevention of der matitis the aphasia must bo put not on cleanslog the oil but on cleansing the worker. Experiments have shown that by regular and vigorous attention to xbov lng tho residua of oil and dirt from the skin after each exposure, long strides will have boen made toward the prevention of dermatitis. A discussion of prop* cleansing methods and protective coatings follows. 522 The Behavior of Blood Calda in tha Chronic Poisoning *Y Tapof A0orJ Sqvoilinl end A. Lucaccinl. -Haas, mad, lad. 11. 573-83 (1940). (Italia). In tha rabbits aad guinea pigs which inhaled mercury vapor for 40 to 110 hours (4 hours per day) the blood calda first Increased, then dacrossed oven to pu centages under tho normal. ' <2 \f3 {=3 @ 0 '^-sj Digest of Industrial Qyglens - 26. - 523 Watch Mercury. Anonymous. Safety Zng.., 81, 10-12 (February, 1941). The easy evaporation of mercury contributes greatly to its high place aaong hazardous substances. For that roason good housekeeping and mechanical vontile tion aro necossary in all pieces shore it is used. Workers on equipment used i connection with mercury should wear a positive air line respirator or a gas mas The absorption of 1 ag. of mercury daily over an oztondod period may cause poi soning. In the absence of definite information on safe limits, 6 to 15 parts o mercury per 100 million parts of air may bo considered a safe concentration of fumes, based on steady work and a forty hour week. Preventive recommendations are listed, including tho usual cleanliness rules, medical examinations and the uso of mercury fume deteotors, indicating and recording. 524 Industrial Arsenic Poisoning. Frcitag. Z.ges.Schiess-u. Sprengstoffsw. 35. 135 (1940). (Gorman). ^ This article enphsclzos the danger of poisoning from arsine, an intensely poisoi ous gas. There is always a possibility of the formation of dangerous amounts oj arsine whoa acid is brought into contact with arseaio residues or metals- com* taining arsenic. For instance, many deaths have been caused when water is usod to wash out the sludgo contained in sulfuric acid tanks. The dilute add react* with iron to produce nascent hydrogen, which in tion reducos the arsenic, alwayi present in the sludge, to arsine. Similar possibilities exist la connection with the rofinlng of lead, tin and zinc, which usually contain same arsenic* I* la important to renumber that aluminum arsenide produces arsine directly by re action with wator. The presence of arsenic as an Impurity in zinc in electro technique has also given rise to the formation of arsine. Possibilities of poisoning from solid forms of arsenic are also doseribod. 525 The Spectrographic Analysis of load in the Blood. S.C. Vigllanl. Bass, mod, ind. jr, 289-306 (1940). (Italian). ! . Since it is now believed that the toxic effects of lead are-due to the quant!ti- in the blood, it is ossentlal for any study of lead poisoning to have a method - of analysis suited to the determination of vary small quantities. F6r this pur pose a curve comparing the known quantities of lead end molybdenum was prepared by tho use of the line for lead at 2833 A. end for solybdanum at 281SA. There is a good review of previous work, in which the findings of other authors on tb amounts of lead in blood of normal persona not exposed to lead, and persons ex posed to, and finally poisoned by, lead are discussed. There is no correlation between the amount of lead in the blood and the health of a person, same lndlvl< uals being such more resistant than others. However, tbs method can bo used successfully in the diagnosis and prognosis of lead poisoning. The values fount for normal persons not exposed to lead, and for those exposed and poisoned are, respectively 57, 68 end 108 gamma . A total of 500 determinations on 163 per sons was made. Twenty-eight references are citod. 526 The Bone Marrow in Experimental Lend Poisoning. C. Betti. Hass.ned.lnd. 11. 584-603 (1940). (Italian). A description of the blstologloal characteristics of tho narrow colls of rabbitin poisoning induced by Injections of lead aeotato solution. 527 Occupational Cadmium Pol sewing fran Electroplating with Cadmium, ft. Paaoharl. Rase. moif. Indust. 11. 623-31 (1940). (Italian). Poisoning occurring in the extraction of oadmiia and fusing of alloys is des cribed, Tho author presents the caso history of n man engaged in elcctroplatini with cadmium, with description of symptoms, soma of which persisted over tm weeks. No cadmium was found In the urine or foces, hut it was revealed in the blood by spectral analysis. 'c.'ii \=*> 4^ & o -.2 Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 27. 528 Determination of T.N.T. (2.4.6-Trlnjtrotoluene) In Air. X. Kay. Canadian J. Rea. 19, 8o-9 (March, 1941). War conditions have necessitated a reliable method- for determination of T.N.T. in air. In the author's method the T.N.T. is absorbed in acetone, and 20$ sod! hydroxide ia added, producing the red sodium salt. Tho optimum amount of aivni Mas found to he 0.1 ec. per ce. of T.N.T. solution. Tho color developed to a maximum within 10 minutes and was stable up to 30 minutes. The intensity of rt color was determined by a naked eyo comparison with standard solutions. An accuracy of 10$ over tho range of 4-40 microgram par oc. of acetone could be cbtainod. With tho aid of a pbotooloctrio colorimeter and the proper color fil tor it would perhaps be possible to obtain much greater accuracy and aensitlvit 529 Textile Bleaching Compounds. Industrial Data Sheet D-Tl. Nat. Safety Council. Nat. Safety News, 43, 38, 40 (January, 1941). The bleaching compounds discussed include sodium hypochlorite, hydrogen paroxid - and sodium paroxide. Sodium hypochlorite may cause a- dermatitis in the fora of small blisters, particularly on the hacks of tbs bands and between the fingers. Concentrated hydrogen peroxide, or even careless exposure to the 30$ solution, may cause destruction or shedding of the finger nails, and bleaching of the hal Sodiua peroxide is an irritant of the skin and mucous membranes. Buns from a hot solution are Intensified by chemical action. Among tho general safety auga tlons are: (1) use only by thoroughly trained workmen, (2) personal prctootlv* equijment; (3) flood-type emergency showqrs, and bubble type fountains for ansi ing eyes; (4) uso of closed systems when possible; (5) removal of supersansitil persons from work with these materials; (6) chlorine gas masks for oaergonolos, and (7) care not to allow hypochlorite solutions and sold solutions to bis pumpc into tho sewer at tho asms time, first old measures Include liberal flushing c tho affected akin with water, and neutral!nation of sodium hypochlorite end sodium paroxide with mild, acids. 530 Tho Action of Motterleho Blue upon Cyanide Poisoning <" the Turtle. J.M.Johlln. J. Pham. Erp. Therein. 71. 280-6 (Mhrch. 1941). - The heart glycogen of turtles receiving injections of methylene blue following those of sodiua cyanide does not remain depleted as it does whan they receive cyanido alone. Tho glucose and lactate contents of the blood, however, 'remain at high lovele long after the administration of motfaylene blue or of sodiua nitrite. Tho oxygen consumption of turtles poisoned by cyanide is vary qonsldt ablo but ia greatly increased and brought within normal levels by methylene bit The amount of cyanide recoverable from tho respiratory gases of turtles poiseiu by cyanide is greatly decreased by motbylene blue. These facts tend to support tho theory that methylene blue converts hemoglobin into nothaaoglobla under thi stabilizing influence of cyanides rather than that it takes the place of the respiratory enzymes of the cytochrome system of the respiratory mechanism. 531 A Coso of Intoxication by gydrocye"*" Add following Djsln**<TM by the Toxic flas. K. Sornand and O. Bonifazi. Mitt. Lobonaa. to.. 31. 207-10 (1940). (toman). . ' Hydrocyanic acid has been used as a dislnfoctant for parasites In orchards aad for rats and vermin in houses. It is more efficient than sulfur dioxide but more dangerous. Many doaths have resulted, and ia Switzerland there are 8trie rules governing its use. The authors report a death whioh occurred on the 5th floor of a house when tho first floor was being disinfected with hydrocyanic acid, due to an unnoticed abaft which connected ell floors. The victim died within 20 hours, and at autopsy the greatest amount of hydrocynnlo acid was found in the urine. Hydrocyanio add should be allowed only in special cases end then under the supervision of an official disinfector. Digest of Industrial Hygiene - 28. 532 The First Clinical Observationa on the Chronic Changes in Man Produced tar Hydro cyanic Acid. D. Colwba. Bar. 8 Intern* Kongr. Unfallmed. u. Berufakrenkh. 2, 1073 (1939); Zontr. Gewerbchyg. Onfallverbnt. 27, 26 (1940). (German). Chen. Absts* 35, 3320 (Hey 80, 1940}. . In Italy, Spain and Palestine, approximately 35,000 persons use hydrocyanic acl< in extermination of Insects on fruit trees end rats on ships. Studies on 15 pel CO sons engaged in this work revealed 3 types of changes produced by chronic inhalf tion of the gas. The first is dilation of the lungs and bronchi, to compensate . for air deficiency, with attempts by the heart to increase its voluae, resulting in a slower rhythm followed by hypotension, also a change in the position of thi diaphraga. The second includes various hematological changes with lyapbocytosli accompanied by monocytosis through irritation of the lymphatic system* The third consists of changes connected with the carbohydrate metabolism, including fayperglyoaala and a dooroase in the basal metabolise. These ohanges probably result from a partial poisoning of the corresponding regulatory nerve centers* In order to avoid severe complications only perfectly healthy persons should work with hydrocyanic acid. 533 Cadmium Feeding. R.H. Wilson end others. lour, of Phaxm. & Exper. Therap. 71. 222-235 (March, 1941). Bleaching of the incisor tooth of rats receiving cadmium wae the most delicate criterion of poisoning thus far observed, narked bleaching occurring with con centrations of the metal too low to affoc^ the growth or general appearance of the animals. It appears to be a direct action of the cadmium, although the possibility of stimulation of fluoride action has not boon entirely ruled out* Concentrations of O.OOSljt or more of cadmium in the diet resulted ia decreased ratoa of growth. A severe anemia occurred in those rata eating diets eontainin os little os 0.0062$ cadmium. The more severely poisoned rats had hearts wfalah weighed nearly twice as .much as normal, presumably duo to the sever* ana*la. -3 HWBB-M10349 -> w_T ---- * r; sS . mag (June, 1941} Alcohol, polyvinyl pathology 512 Ammnnlfl 466-467 Fatigue, faotor 496 Filter, dust 436-437-438-440-441 Anthrax, treatment 479 Arsenic 524 Cases. mine 462-463 nitrous 464 Asbestos!s 430 Aviation. . health hazards 477 Benzene 513 pathology 507 regulations for 508 Bleaching compounds. health hazards 529 Bookworm. occupational 495 Hydrocarbons, halogenatod 509 determination 515 Hydrocyanic add pathology 532 poisoning 531 Blood, spectra 457 Book notices 428-429 Cadmium poisoning 527-533 Carbon monoxide general 461-465 pathology 458-459-468 Hydrogen sulfide 465 determination 471 Illumination. Industrial . $03-504 Industrial disease diagnosis 480 general 490 nervous 501 Carbon tetrachloride pathology 511 Chlorine 469 Cvanido poisoning 530 Dermatitis . cement cutting oil general prevention tobacco 516 519 520 521 517 Dermatosis . coal miners' 318 Diffraction, x-ray 472 Dust, determination 439 Dust control foundries 434 Electric shock ' 452-454-455 Industrial health in wartime 502 Industrial hvgleno general 485 naval 478 Industrial medicine general 463-488-489-494 Jurisprudence, medical 482 Lead in blood 525 pathology 526 Mercury 522 general 523 Metal finishing health hazards 500 Mining work physiology 491 Myeloid metaplasia 514 Nutrition, workers 486 Ozone 460 Paint health hazards 506 Physiology gas absorption 498-499 work 497 Rehabilitation, miners 492 Report foreign (Gr. Britain)484 state (New York) 487 Respiration, artificial 450-451-453 Respirators 442-443-444-445-446-448 regulations 449 testing 447 Roentgenology. medicolegal 473 Sanitation, industrial 493 Silicosis abrasive powder 433 foundries 432-435 Slate 431 Submarine, rescue 481 Sulfur dioxide determination 470-471 T.N.T. determination 528 Trichlorothrlene degreasing 510 Trlorthocreayl phosphate poisoning 505 Tuberculosis Industrial 473 paoudo 476 Tumors, occupational 486 folding ` health hazards 456 X-ray, miniature ( AFFIDAVIT OF DAVID S. EGILMAN STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS ) ) COUNTY OF NORFOLK ) ss. Before me, the undersigned authority, personally appeared Dr. David Egilman and swore as follows: 1. My name is Dr. David Egilman. I am over the age oftwenty-one years old and am otherwise competent to make this affidavit All of the statements contained in this affidavit are based upon my personal knowledge and are true and correct 2. I am the custodian ofrecords ofdie Industrial Hygiene Foundation. 3. I have personally reviewed the documents listed below, copies ofwhich are attached to ' this affidavit and can attest that the attached copies are true, complete and correct copies of Industrial Hygiene Foundation documents. . Participants in Seventh Saranac Symposium with attached Affidavit dated May 21, 1991 ofMichael Rhode, employee ofthe ArmedForces Institute ofPathology, custodian .of original archives ofDr. Arthur J. Vorwald, authenticating the listing. (SCF-ALLF-01290) Industrial Hygiene Digest, Industrial Health News, Literature Abstracts, Medical, Engineering Chemical, Toxicological, Legal. January, 1950 (Vol. 14, No. 1) (SCF-ALLF-01180) Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Industrial Hygiene Digest, Industrial Health News, Literature Abstracts, Medical, Engineering, Chemical, Toxicological, Legal. September, 1952 (Vol. 16, No. 9) (SCF-ALLF-01370) . Industrial Hygiene Digest, Industrial Health News, Literature Abstracts, Medical, Engineering Chemical,' Toxicological, Legal. September, 1956 (Vol. 20, No. 9) (SCF-ALLF-01760) Industrial Hygiene Foundation, Industrial Hygiene Digest. April, 1957 (Vol. 21, No. 4) (SCF-ALLF-01830) Industrial Hygiene Digest, IndustrialHealth News, Literature Abstracts, Medical, Engineering, Chemical, Toxicological, Legal. August, I960 (Vol. 24, No. 8) (SCF-ALLF-02040) . Page l of 3 Industrial Hygiene Digest, Industrial Health News, Literature Abstracts, Medical, Engineering Chemical, Toxicological, Legal. March 1961 (Vol. 25, No. 3) (SCF-ALLF-02140) Industrial Hygiene Digest, Industrial Health News, Literature Abstracts, Medical, Engineering Chemical, Toxicological, Legal. (SCF-ALLF-02310) Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 1967Annual Report. (SCF-ALLF-02836) ' . Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 1969 Annual Report. (SCF-ALLF-03082) Industrial Hygiene Foundation ofAmerica, Inc., Report ofPreliminary Dust Investigationfor Asbestos Textile Institute with attachedMemorandums on Plant of (various companies) Supplementing the General Report "Preliminary Dust Investigation for Asbestos Textile Institute" ofJune, 1947. (SCF-ALLF-01000) Members ofAir Hygiene Foundation /Industrial Hygiene Foundation as ofNovember 30, 1937 through 1983. (SCF-ALLF-00470) Air Hygiene Foundation ofAmerica, Inc., References to Recent Literature ofIndustrial Diseases, January 24, 1939. (SCF-ALLF-00565) Foundation Facts, Vol. 3, No. 6 with attached Digest ofIndustrial Hygiene, Literature News -- Developments, datedJune, 1941. (SCF-ALLF-00685) Industrial Hygiene Digest, Industrial Health News, Literature Abstracts, Medical, Engineering, Chemical, Toxicological, Legal, Foundation Facts, August, 1957. (SCF-ALLF-01875) An Epidemiological Study ofLung Cancer in Asbestos Miners, Industrial Hygiene Foundation Report by Bruan & Truan; study made possible through a grantfrom the Quebec Asbestos Mining Association (Note: date takenfrom published article), June, 1958. (SCF-ALLF-01939) Industrial Hygiene Digest, Industrial Health News, Literature Abstracts, Medical, Engineering, Chemical, Toxicological, Legal, May, 1963, Vol. 27, No. 5. (SCF-ALLF-02375) Preliminary. Program, 28th Annual Meeting, Industrial Hygiene Foundation, October 23-24,1963, to Mr. Wagner. (SCF-ALLF-02441) Industrial Hygiene Foundation, 1964 Annual Report with attached membership list. . (SCF-ALLF-02468) Industrial Hygiene Foundation ofAmerica, Inc., Asbestos Bioeffects Researchfor Industry, Medical Series, Bulletin No. 11, 1966. (SCF-ALLF-02683) Page 2 of 3 Further, affiant sayeth not 0*1---, *S>*&4r David S. Egilman, MD, MPH Commonwealth of Massachusetts Norfolk,.ss' SUBSCRIBED AND SWORN TO ME, on this witness my hand and official seal ofoffice. NOTARY PUBLIC IN AND FOR THE STATE OF MASSACHUSETTS day ofMay, 2006, to certify which . My Commission Expires Vo.*-------- ---- y~x^ \\ Page 3 of3