Document JrddKbm0MndDZndxRd9p9Y5KB
FILE NAME: State Industrial Hygiene Surveys (SIHS) DATE: 1940 DOC#: SIHS005 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION: Ohio Industrial Hygiene Survey
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INDUSTRIAL SURVEY OF THE STATE OF OHIO
Evaluation of Industrial Hygiene Problems Ohio,Department of Health
ADULT HYGIENE DIVISION
JOHN B. KISTLER, M.D. WILBUR G. FISHER, B.A., M.D. CLAUDE B. YOUNG, B.A. CLAYTON A. SMUCKER, B.A, M.A. ALBERT R. MORRISON, B.CH.E, M.S.
R. H. MARKWITH, M.D. DIRECTOR OF HEALTH
COLUMBUS, OHIO 1940 * '
A&'NOWUDU
RKERS
S$B *Bo. S ' ^ 3H 3(T 3 SI
Id tn
oftt- o
p p
pa
p- P P
r> sr 8P- s* a
t c.-n*
: : S *
Other metals
TABLE 16. CHEMICAL AND ALLIED-EXPOSURES TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS
M aterials
Alkaline compounds......... Salts....................................... Organic dusts...................... Other gases......................... Petroleum products........... Other metals....................... Carbon monoxide.............. Non*silicious dusts........... . Oils, fats and waxes....... Silicate dusts...................... Organic solvents................ Dermatitis producers....... Coal dust (bituminous).. Other chemicals................ Lead and its compounds, Mineral a c id s ................... Chromium and its compounds Sulfur........................................... D y e s .............................................. Coal tar products...................... Paints and enamels.............. Antimony and its compounds Phosphorus and compounds.. Lacquers and varnishes. Silica dust........... Organic a c id s.... Inks..'.................... Alcohols, esters and ethers.. Medicinals.................................. Benzol........................................... Fluorides................................... Manganese and its compounc Infections................. Aldehydes................ Sulfur dioxide....... Halogenated hydrocarbons... Asbestos dusts........................... Aniline and its compounds... Cadmium and its compounds. Arsenic and its compounds... Hydrogen sulfide...................... Mercury and its compounds. Amines..................................... Cyanides. Accelerators................
Temperature change.
Number of workers*
exposed to specified _ materials *
Number and Percentage of Total
Charcoal and coke
Explosives and a m m unition
No.
%
No.
%
E xposures to the
Fertilizer factories
No.
%
329
25
1.1
,305
,192
,986
180
9.1
,702
66
3.9
,546
12
0.8
,487
178
12.0
,472
,285
,210
28
2.3
,160
,106
997
267
26.8
5
0.5
25
3.2
12
0.5
263
11.3
78
3.4
541
23.5
88
4.0
507
23.1
22
1.1
170
8.6
64
3.8
33
1.9
85
5.5
19
1.2
32
2.2
59
4.0
28
1.9
479
32.5
28
2.2
24
2^0
35
2.9
4
0.3
24
2.1
28
2.5
135
12.2
17
1.7
19
1.9
30
3.2
3
0.3
22
2.7
27
3.3
9
1.1
224
28.5
49
7.1
32
4.6
150
....
....
24.8 "I"
.....
........
2 "` o!3
17
" 3!6
12
2*5
2
0.5
42
12.4
28
8.4
1
0.2
1 **0.2
191
41.8
7 - 2.1 ........
`*`66
zo.s
181
99.5
89.6
" *15 *15.2
32
32.3
Specified Materials
Paint and varnish
No.
%
Ill
4.8
18
0.8
355
16.2
142
7.2
126
7.4
322
20.8
179
12.0
208
14.1
528
41.1
163
13.5
472
40.7
70
6.3
56
5.6
109
11.6
444
54.9
31
3.9
115
15.4
14
2.0
247
37.0
28
4.6
488
84.9
19
3.4
426
87.5
82
17.9
65
17.0
57
16.8
162
48.5
56
26.2
iii
93.4
3
2.9
3
3.0
7
7.3
45
67.2
8
12.9
in Each Industrial Subdivision
Petroleum products
Rayon
No.
%
No.
%
60
2.6
23
1.0
4
0.2
7
0.3
28
1.3
9
0.4
399
20.1
11
0.6
606
35.6
21
1.2
122
7.9
151
10.2
4
0.3
25
1.7
69
5.4
21
1.6
11
0.9
328
28.3
16
1.4
13
1.2
21
2.1
4
0.4
31
3.3
5
0.5
13
1.6
14
1.8
37
4.7
3
0.4
........
10
1.4
1
0.2
20
3.5
2
0.4
16
3.5
4
1.1
19
8.9
18.8 25.4
" *38
*76!o
........
21
100
1 " stS
16.7
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dusts
The material on this page was copied from the collection of the National Library of Medicine by a third party and may be protected by U.S. Copyright
64
TABLE 20a -- PAINT AND VARNISH -- PERCENTAGE OF EXPOSED WORKERS PROVIDED WITH CONTROL MEASURES FOR SPECIFIED MATERIALS
Control Measures
w *0)
V)
a<u HdI
ils, fats and waxes
Cw o
*s
S bUo
O
Pm
o
ead and pounds acquers varnishe
:s com-
T43>
fc T)
W
g
C
W
s
d
T)
3
0
o
B
c
'2
oj
U(U tn "55
o
XI
buo .3 V C0
i4
o
Oa
O
Number o f workers exposed........ .. 523 488 472 444 426 355 322 247 208 179
General negativeventilation.............. 0.4 S .l Local exhaust ..................................... 2.7 8.8 Enclosure ............................................... 4.4 1.2 W et m e th o d ................................................................... Gas mask .........................................................................
Respirator ........... .......................................................... Pressure helmet ............................. 0.4 . . . . Protective clothing.............................. 5.9 1.2
4.4 3.6 2.8 3.1 3.4 0.4
5.1 5.6 11.3 5.6 1.9 0.4
7.2 3.6 4.7 4.2 12.1 8.1
4.7
5.6 5.6 7.3
o!i 12.2
ii.3 *9.0 6^9
6.5
7.4 ' 4.1 0.9 10*.i 9.6 *8*i
1 0 4.5 1 o 72.6 19 17 8.7
9.1
1.2
TABLE 21 -- PETROLEUM PRODUCTS --EXPOSURE BY OCCUPATION TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS
Occupations
Total number of workers in
plants surveyed, 853
Number of workers.............................. ........
Percent o f workers exposed.............
Boiler makers ......................................... Car loaders ............................................. Cleaners .................................................... Compounders ........................................... Grease makers ....................................... Laborers ................................................... M ixers ...................................................... Operators ................................................. Packers ...................................................... Pipe fitters ............................................... Refiners .................................................... Still men ................................................. Supervisors ............................................. ........ Technical men .......................... .......... Treaters ................................................... Truck drivers ....................................... Other ........................................................ Maintenance ...........................................
606 399 328 151 122 69 60 31 28 46.8 38.5 17.7 14.3 8.1 7.0 3.6 3.3
49
49 49
2
2
2
1
4
3
26
25
14
i2
25 25
46 48
4
4
7
5
8
5
28 88
20
2
7
19
18
10
1
74
9
9
9
73 75 30
13 14
5
7
13 21
26
5
5
5
6
9
1
1
2
47 28 37 51
6
3
9
OF EXPOSED JRES FOR
D yes
1 .S
V aa
6
322 247
3 .4
0.4
1.9 0 .4
12.1
8 .1
5.6 7 .3
To T9
9.6 T l
H v>
0
3
3
*3
30 Oa
y
0
8
l C(3
O
208 179
1.0 4 .5 1 .0 72.6
1 .9
1.7
8 .7
9 .1
"7l2
65
TABLE 20a -- PAINT AND VARNISH-- PERCENTAGE OF EXPOSED WORKERS PROVIDED WITH CONTROL MEASURES FOR
SPECIFIED MATERIALS -- Concluded
(ft
*3 d
-3
*d c
03 o.
C
cn
(A (ft
(ft 03 3
*.3 rt 1 5 w (0 <S) *03 33 33 X(>4 LO. rt T3
& s
3
3
eft
Li
rt rt c o l a S o a
y
'O
u
3 0
*2 0 3 3
I f rt rt rt rt 0 $
gH
LO
a
N b0 d
(S
sd
L
ov
.+1J 6O
0 d0
<;
O
W
0& U
3
s
U<
163 162 142 126 115 113 111 109 82 65 56 56 45 31 28 19 14 3
1.2 2.5 5.6
2.6
13.8 7.1 5.4
35.5 14.3
1.8 4.3 62.7
2.6 13.2
11.0 3.7 23.1 7.1
0.6 9.9 2.1 10.3 2.6
2.7
1.2
3.6
160
12.9
13.9 7 .i 7.2
23.2
17^8
42^1 57.i
i.4
8.6
15.7 16.5
0.9 4.0 24! 6
8^9
"! li'.s
4.3 3'.7
9.6 3 1 U A
5^4
Materials for which no control measures were indicated are as ion ow s. ycrm auui, pi in
ducers (70), Inks (57), Salts (18), Aniline and its compounds (8 ), Halogenated hydrocarbons (7),
Aldehydes (3).
.
x /iis', fa w axes
O th er 1 1O rg an ii
its S alts
Y OCCUPATION
(0
c
3
vi
*0
a
a
CJ
<2
u 1 ^ 0 s 'C
jS
J=
. "rt JA <
>9 60
31
28
1
7.0
3.6
3 .3
3
25
"5
7
19
1
26 5
TABLE 21 -- PETROLEUM PRODUCTS -- EXPOSURE BY OCCUPATION TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS-- Concluded
6u *3
rt rt ! 1 JA
0
L
(ft
u3
TJ I'H0 *3 ,, (Oft. (303
a g
*42
0
rt <L> O
*rt
rt WrO
a
u
5
rt 0rt rt I! *c3 o
V d
rt 0 EL
g s , 1)
0
*3
to L
js y
o
U
a
hJ
O
C/3
0o
25 21 20 19 18 17 16 14 13 13 11 10 4 4 3 2 2 1
2.9 2.5 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.3 1.2 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.1
* *2 5
*3 *'i
7
18 IS
3 !!!
1
1
4
2
*12
12 *12
"9
*7
_7
5 "l
"5 *4
*3 *14 *17
2
"i
7
3i 2
O ils, fats, and waxes Other chemicals Other gase Inks
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68
Soap Factories (Tables 23 and 23a)
The principal exposures, as would be expected, are alkaline com pounds and oils. Exposure to alkaline compounds was indicated not only for workmen engaged in handling caustic raw materials, but also to work ers exposed to soap dust itself. The non-specific occupation of operators is dominant in this group and includes employes in various departments. Enclosures and local exhausts are the principal means of control with respirators and protective clothing applied to certain exposures.
Blackings,
Salts; principal a many type; establishme icals, and, t cipal occup indicated.
TABLE 23 -- SOAP FACTORIES -- EXPOSURE BY OCCUPATION TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS
Number of workers exposed to s jecifiec materials by occupation
rt rt *tG5
UVo
(0 y
Occupations
33
oQ.
*o0 8
d
m
'P
au
a
u UP.
o
>
i
u
V) E
u
3 E td
oin
Total number of workers in
.5
3V
o
C
y
`5
o
'E
c
plants surveyed, 3,475
1 Cu il t)
rOtP u
rt 1
rbte L
y .5
3
Q F4
O
U CD o
Number o f workers ex p o sed ... . 956 446 382 225 177 173 153 142 111 110 87 75
Percent o f workers e x p o se d .... . 27.5 12.8 11.8 6 5 5.1 5.0 4.4 4.1 3.2 3.2 2.5 2.2
Assemblers ......................................
129 2
Bakers ...............................................
20
22
Cleaners ........................................... . 76 31
Compounders ................................
10
io
8
Cookers .............................................
30
4
Fillers ...............................................
15 53
Glycerine makers ......................... . 9
Laborers ...........................................
64 2 22 4 63 12
Material handlers ....................... . 28 12
M ixers .............................................
15 3 2 1 8
Operators .........................................
62
13 1 43 12
Packers ........................................... . 230 19 167
12 8
Pressmen .......................................
44
12
Printers ...........................................
30
Pumpers ......................................... . 40 34
43
Receivers ....................................... . 2 2 i
4
Soap maker ..................................
51
i
2 *57
Stampers ......................................... . 54
Stock kepers ................................
*i5
Supervisors ...................................
20
io *17 11
Technical men ............................ . 7 4
151
Truckers .........................................
5
Other ............................................... . 10 7
Maintenance ................................
11
i l l 10
*28
10 20
3 53
1 *20 8
3 3 6
1 21 *12
7
77 8
2 8
6 27
8
1
25 1 29
14
30 *72 "i
2
8
...
TABLE 2!
2.1 1.9 1.8 10 12
13 26 6 1
12 10
21 ... ~4 i
6 "i :. | >
6 ...
cted, are alkaline com5 was indicated not only erials, but also to work-
occupation of operators in various departments, means of control with tin exposures.
69
Blackings, Cleaners, etc. (Tables 24 and 24a)
_ Salts; alkaline compounds, organic dusts, and silicate dusts are the principal exposures in this group. These are well-known ingredients in many types of detergents. This group is comprised mainly of small establishments which are engaged in mixing and compounding raw chem icals, and, therefore, fillers, mixers, and packers are found to be the prin cipal occupations. Local exhaust is the only significant control measure indicated.
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3Y OCCUPATION TO
pecified materials by occupation
o
0 X
G
o c
w
V
0
rt
G
0
*o
G 4) *So
<v
u
l
G
rtu
c/5
153 142 111 110 87
4.4 4.1 3.2 3.2 2.5 2.2
fl
10
.. 53
6
12 1 *20
23
1
25 1 29 14
30 72 3
57
ii
28
TABLE 23 -- SOAP FACTORIES -- EXPOSURE BY OCCUPATION TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS -- Concluded
Number of workers exposed to specified materials by occupation
M fi
jjs U) __ 'S
Q O
oo TO3 U Q*
cc O ^ c
(U8 o1. in *-1
74 66 61 57 51 51 50 46 S3 30 17 9 9 7 4 3 2 1 2.1 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.4 1.3 0.9 0.9 0.5 0.3 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0
12
' 8 6
13 *26
1 *11 12 10 a
6
21
4
io
4 i 20
1 6
6 **2 *16
*13 T
i 76
*ii
* *2 ie
' 8 0
*6 "2 "2
*3 **3
*30 2 10 2 13 22
*30
2 2
*6 " i
**2
"5
6
To
*20 "ii *20
oo
oc *d o 3
Fluorides
Mineral acids
Arsenic and its compounds
Chromium and its
compounds
2!
Coal dust
ca
(bituminous)
oCD*
Manganese and its o compounds
o
Selenium and its **
compounds
^
Oils, fats, and waxes
Antimony and its compounds
Sulfur
Inks
ap
Other chemicals
3.
p
Dermatitis producers
: o c to 8:
o o nto's.
* CO -JCO 03
Asbestos dust
Alcohols, esters, and
ethers
CO
Cadmium and its compounds
Cyanides
6
uswa*.stvwrw,j.- ?i
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Table 58)
implements, automobile facnd boat building, which are ired. Blast furnaces and roll-
heat treating; and machine of manufacture. The manu59 and 59a) includes foundry jrk, and woodworking, as is tomobile factories (Tables 60 isted in the appendix, include is here are related to those of 1 later in detail. Car and railprimarily in the manufacture ling (Tables 63 and 63a) inel fabrication. There is nothany of these groups, classified cannot be more satisfactorily
c.
=3 >s .0 T3 O o jo Q.
co
E 03
CO Q.
~o
>> -Q
O TD CD
i o
i .Q
1 03
; C ` O
ro
CD
XI o c O
CD XI a o O CD O
O
CD 03 CO Q_
C o "co & "co
E
CD XI
i3
TABLE 61 -- BLAST FURNACES AND STEEL ROLLING MILLSEXPOSURE BY OCCUPATION TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS
______________Number o f workers exposed to specified materials by occupation
Occupations
Total number o workers in plants surveyed, 33,088
M Ui
o
2 a
%
a
ji
o
tn 0 a 2
1
3
E o 3 2
3
T3
a 3 S 3
Ja I"
Ci
O V) cn is
AS
3%
Number of workers exposed .15,735 12,517 11,830 9,009 6,742 3,132 2,312 2,212 1,842 1,418 1
Percent of workers exp osed ... 47.6 87.8 35.8 27 2 17.4 dTB L 0 6 7 5 6 O
Annealers .......
Bessemer men . Blockers .................. Boiler makers . . . . Bottom makers . .. Brass men .............
Catchers .................. Chippers ..................
Cleaners .................. Core makers ......... Crane men .............
Cupalo chargers .. Doublers ................
Draw men ............. Feeders ..................
Furnace tappers ...
Furnace tenders ... G alvan izers...............
Gin men ....................
Grinders .................... Heater men ..
Hot enders ............... Inspectors ...............
K e e p e r s ..................
Laborers .................. Ladle m e n ................ Loaders .....................
Machinists ................
Mill hands ..............
Mixers ........................ M o ld e r s....................
Open hearth men . Operators ................
Other steel workers
P ic k le r s .....................
Pressmen .................
Pump men ............. Reelers ....................
Riggers ......................
Rollers .......................
Rougher ................
Rulers ....................
Shake out men.........
Shear men ...........
Shippers ....................
Straighteners ........... Supervisors ...............
Switchers .................. Technical men .......
Truck drivers ......... Winders ..................... Other ......................... Maintenance .............
147 359 187 15 6 139 139
100 196 100 319
102
48 131 87 25 28
121 106 108
12
78
20
348 295 190
23 77
88
30
9 18 i i
246
92 92
66
5
3 3 13 69 54
41 52 90
123 123
408 392 849 196 110 47 33 13
615 IS 8
268 261 85 269
183
52 284
9
66 70 66 66
5 167
67 67 150
369 134 433 560 40 125 206 216
39
27
70 40 40 40
40
241
8
17 236 23 78
. 1,166 1,065 1,444 1,587 47
. 95 89 88 87 ...
. 680
10
25
. 3,387 1,888 2,807 2,003 461 777 551 126
6~1 61 121 85 . . . 12 12 50
312 317 298 46 150 200 377
! 1,072 358 441 . . 1,115 217 .. 451
370
1
99
11 181 181
35 702
17 2 20
--
27 ::
51 15 11
14 283
. . . 2,485 2,069 1,959 1,791 1,337 *64 245 76 54 329
ios 299
8
12 12 48
99
. . . 282
4
4
. . 89 63
3 79
. . . 114 58 46 46 81 41
681 711 715 142 23
48 58 48
231 359
4
81
12
34 24
. . . 822 777 762
23 23
. . . 193 95 68 27 63
12
92
. . . 282 128 184
10
. . . 69 120 69 42 91 7 5 19 43
. . . 16 51
tol
61
. . . 36 11 11
51
8
191
... 3
9
45 57 2
. . . 19
ioo 165 74 hi 40 89 Si 113 89 1,145 1,077 144 1,172 190 144 127 408 75 84 248
'{ '
-1 -r V" I! t, R ^5, x -
Coal dust (bit umini
Lead and ids
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TABLE 61 -- BLAST FURNACES AND STEEL ROLLING MILLS EXPOSURE BY OCCUPATION TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS
Number of workers exposed to specified materials by occupation___________
J
&
OS
S 8*8 -
I
Oh
g g o Ja o O O Cu o
552 483 459 396 334 272 251 154 150 139 129 196 104 73 55 64 44 1< 1.7 1 6 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0 3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.2 0 1 0 i
100
15
12 ' 123
............. *95 5
72 6 37 42
............... 209 ............... *3 12 13 . . . 46 114 .
...
... 249
...
. . . 86 .. 27
23 24 1
Silica dust Other metai Core gases Oils, fats, and
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142
TABLE G4*--FOUNDRIES -- EXPOSURE BY OCCUPATION TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS
Number of workers exposed to specified materials by occupation
a
&
Occupations
o
0 S9
A
3
o
1u
s
sl>
a6 5 p
T3
Total number of
8
G a s !
e a 3
workers in plants survejed, 21,306
5
u "3 % t
S
i
8
i
^e c e
(73
6
o
&6
O
u
Number of workers exposed . 8,128 7,920 7,766 5,680 3,459 2,544 2,405 1,898 1,618 1,039 1,008 935 536
Per cent of workers exp osed .... 38.1 37.2 36.4 26.7 16 2 12.0 11.3 8.9 7.6
9 4.7 4.4 2.5
Assemblers .......
26
127
33 15
Chargers ........... 62 66 86 27 101 18
Cbippers ............. 482 506 518 269 40 40
Cleaners .........
98 127 167 20 18 17
Coremakers . . . . 492 933 24 781 696 549
59 14
32 100
5 54 99
4
63
86
79
8
3
1 13
1
5 120 717 79
Cranemen . ..
136 160 51 101 24
9
8
19
Cupalo tenders.. 122 125 230 96 224 127 15 43 234 10
Cutters ...............
5
2 18
2 140
Drillers ...............
2
2 40
45 80
Erectors ............. 289 109 45
135 132
Forgers ...........
88
109 66 85 23
7
Galvamzers .......
20
10 13
34
Grinders ........... 466 219 981 56
31 380
90
Heat treaters.
2
2 41
1 90 84 39
11 26
28
Inspectors .
28 49 11 22 12
8 16
1
2
Laborers ........... 1,246 1,307 769 804 288 63 108 29 211 63
Machinists ......... 273 31 1,094 19 122 118 1,033 763
2
Millv. rights . . 10 16 14
4 13
8 35
6
Mixers .-............ 113 114
61
9
8
7
67
Molders ........... 2,921 2,967 1,171 2,773 179 27 11 45 781 203
Operators ...........
3
3 143
76 251
2
Oven tenders. .. 25 31 20 27 41 36 10
25
P a i n t e r s ............. 97 75 86
11 11
Pattern makers.
38 96 109 10 64 55
26
288
Ptcklers ..............
26
171 6 53 3 4
18 10
67 230
67
14
18
165
9
21
Platers ..............
38
Pourers . . . . 237 246 240 233 86
8
2
1 221
Receivers . . . .
1
1
1
2
1
1
Sand blasters__
73 132 143
4
2
Shake out m e n .. 313 313 69 283 42
4
8
S h e e t m etal
w ork ers......... 325
231
201 205
28
Shippers . . .
7
4
2
12
S o r te r s ................
25 18 17
8
Supervisors ..
103 114 38 57 18 10
3 23
Technical .men
3
5
7
1
2
2
7
Tool makers .
29
3 122
19 15 19 65
Welders ...........
14 17 892
3 760 886 200 68
Other .................. 41 49 44
4 43 12 12 19
Maintenance
88 90 Si IS 202 66 199 14
24
23
2
1
5
211
2
3
15
2
2 205
2 33
4 14 11
88
1 142 2
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154
TABLE 68--BRASS FACTORIES --EXPOSURE BY OCCUPATION TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS
Occupations in plants surveyed 7,232
dusts
s Number of workers exposed to specified materials by occupation
ww
M s
s a s
3
S
3
o W 03
Lead and its compounds
9
o
s 5
K
a 5
e,
0
% paS s
Es
1
s
.2 a
2 e
Oils,
o. c
& 6 16
.a 1 6
i H6
Number of workers exposed .......................
2,075 2,002 1,803 1,504 1,868 1,256 1,220 1,073 794 484 876 341
exposed ...................... 41.1 27 7 26.2 20 8 18.9 17.4 16.9 14 8 11.0 6.7 5.2 4.7
Assemblers . .
.
G r in d e r s ............................. I n s p e c to r s .........................
Oven tenders ................
362 140
70 76 73
31 261 321 162 61 63 305 173 105
6
5 14
173 146 139
564 148
1
44 49 40
707 708
8
9
42 118
56 52 11 9
13
60 15 15 11 12
6
298 232 198 14 249 2 80
73
9 40 156 102
166
31 11 17 132
212 10
2 10 11
89
5 113 81 66 2
io
116 526
89 86 184
6
45
2
2
297 16 668 185 157
167 *64
501
16 16 1 24
11 15 15
9
182
4 34
64
279 20 181 30 25 25
27 16 28 21 49 49
S h ip p e r s .........................
9 19 " 8 " 8
Supervisors ...........
78 37 36
Technical m e n ..............
Welders .
.. . .
12 15
M aintenance......................
36 88 43
19
8
42
3
17
3
6
16
2
8
11 23 20
5 22 12 29 135
148 144 165
13
6
44 6
2
4
52
20
50 52 3 41 41 9 ~
33 19
*72 40 8 ie
142 128 122 118 101 79 60 49 31 30 28 26 23 16 15 15 15 14 4 2 1 2.0 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.4 1.1 0 8 0.7 0.4 0 4 0 4 0 0 0.2 0 2 0.2 0.2 0 2 0.1 0 0 00
9 10
32 31 . . .
16
11 12
4
1
1
76 8
*ii 5 '28
1 .. 1
!!! i
2 ! '
!
35
2 9 0 2 ... /. 5
1
30 94
60
6
36 . .
41 25 *67
*9
3
15
*29 24
. . . 10 **i
*15
5
*14
........... i 2
... 1
1
4 "i 4
42
*8
"i
1
"5 " 2 **i ' 4 2 1 1
5
........... i
1
. 1
22 18
i 1i
41
1
3 4 '22 6
1 4
"i
'5 '9 .
-- -------------
^
1
Brass Factories (Tables 68 and 68a)
Clock and Watch Factories (Tables 69 and 69a)
This group includes brass and bronze casting and machining. The operations are similar to those encountered in iron foundries and machine
Woodworking, metal stamping, and machining are tLe principal oper^
shops but differ in the type o f materials used. The principal exposures are other metals, which include copper, tin, and zin c ; and silica and silicate dusts used in molding, sandblasting, grinding, and polishing. Lead, to which 20.8% o f the workers in this group are exposed, originates pri
" S
" db-- ;
,
measures listed.
,, iW
m eth od,
, 1,0 d o --
, o o o ,,.l
marily from the lead used in bronze castings. Local exhaust, which applies to crucible furnaces, grinding operations, ibuffing, plating, etc., is the domi
1|
nant control measure. General negative ventilation for foundry atmos
pheres and protective clothing for plating and painting operations are also
im p ortan t.
1
TABLE 105-
BY OCCUPA-
Occupations
Total number of workers in plants surveyed, 2,716
Number of workers
Percent of workers
Assemblers Buffers ...........
Compounders . Coverers ........... Curing men ... Cutters .............
Decorators ....... Developers .. Dippers .............
Engravers ....... Fillers ............. Finishers ..
Forming girls.. G rin d e rs........... Inspectors _ ....... Laborers Machinists ....... Mill men ......... . Mixers . Holders
Operators Plattee]rs ............. Pressmen . . . . . Printers ..........
Refiners .. .. Rollers ........... Shippers ........... Stampers . . . , Stamp makers . Strippers ......... Supervisors . . . . Technical men Trimmers .. . Truckers .. . Vulcanizers . . . Washers ........... Other ................ Maintenance ..
exposed. exposed.
Number o f workers exposed to sppeecciiffieicd m aterials by occupation
3
c
1
8 `S 6 5
O h' o
1S
S
<6
T3
r
1C
>
o
u
C 3 "3ej| z r/i <
s
529 466 819 284 239 232 m .
19.6 16.8 11.7 10.5 8.7 8 5 8 2
3 77 11 11 8
T 22 1
7 30 27
12
S6
4
32 19
14
33 3
3
33
35
1
15 15
3
97
144
5
23
229 5 6 206 2
36
20
19
1
26 56
20
12 15
41
20 20
6
80 47
8l
5
64 2
20
15
15
6
31 17 56 10
10 32
10
2
6
1
To ~9
13
Ti6 3
20 30
3
15 2 1 2 16
1 186 151 149 121 117 97 6 8 5 6 65 45 43 36 16 13 9 15
1 .. 2 2.
materials and ingredients used being similar in both groups '
Rubber Tires (Tables 104 and 104a) The principal exposures in the rubber tire industry are silicate dm
organic solvents, organic dusts, and other metals A l t w v , tiT*
213
t a b l e 105-- o t h e r r u b b e r f a c t o r ie s -- e x p o s u r e by o r r n p
_________________ TION TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS
--Number of worker, exposed to specified materials by occupation
I
</' 5
S ..
S J`
3s
a |
O w
S | ||
u <, < u
61 52 41 38 23 20 13 2 2 8 2.4 2.2 1.9 1 5 1.4 0,8 0 7 0 5 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 T T ~ o T ~ T 7 ~ T
28 10 8 4
12 11 50
through the mixing, compounding, and m.llmg operations, and were no indicated in the tire building and curing operations. A large part of thi materials was controlled in part by general negative ventilation loca
exhaust, enclosures, and protective clothing. Respirators are also an im portant method of control in certain selected exposures.
Other Rubber Factories (Tables 105 and 105a)
:
The materials encountered in this group are similar in type to those already discussed under rubber tires except that the order of their preva lence has changed in certain cases. Outstanding occupations are com pounders, mill men, mixers, operators, molders, and inspectors. Nearly all of the exposures are controlled in part by general negative ventilation, local exhaust, and enclosure, with respirators and protective clothing apply ing to certain exposures.
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W et method ........... R espirator .............. Protective clothing O ther .......................
1.5 2.4 .............. 1-0 5 .0 6.2 5.4 . . . 6.0 6.0
1.5
0...1....0...2....1...0
... 0.6
17...2....4...6.......................................................................
41.2 6.8
1.5
Materials for which no control m easures were indicated are as follows: A lcohols, esters and ethers and its compounds (9), Coal tar products (8 ), O ther chemicals (6) and Halogenated hydrocarbons (3).
(210),
21.9 Petroleum
products
(121),
100.6 Salts (38),
100.6 A ntim ony
... yK'1'
TABLE 1 0 6 - MISCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURING -- EXPOSURE TO SPECIFIED MATERIALS
Number and Percentage o f T otal Exposure to the Specified M aterials in Each Ind ustrial Sub division
Number of.
Signs Toys and Other
Materials
workers Brooms exposed to and
Electrical Instru-
Gas and electrical
storage
Dental supplies
Optical goods
(non elec
unclassi manufac
fied #
turing
specified materials
brushes
machinery
ments
fixtures batteries
trical) novelties plants
No. % No. % No. %
N o. % No. Vo 9 0.1 5,872 76.6 128 1.7
726 9.5 356 4.6 98 1.3
S 0.1
15 0.2 127 1.7 331 4.3 108 2.0
7,670 5,454
1 0.0 2,968 54.4 42 0.8 1,461 26.8
1.9 2250 00..45 3137 00..63 2239 00..46 362 7.0
5,146 4,770
14 0.3 3,766 73.2 3 0.1 2,582 54.1
86 1.7 328
44
1,227 25.7
2.1 22 0.ft 29 0.6 22 0.5 110 2.3
0.0 4 0.2 23 0.9 2 0.1 103 3.9
Carbon m onoxide............................ Lead and its com pounds...............
2,652 3 0.1 1,681 63.4 2,267 129 5.7 723 31.9
16 0.6 5 0.2
169 6.4 650 24.5 1 350 15.4 424 18.7 113 5.0
3 0.1 4.9
38 1.7 110 4.9 372 16.4 13 0.6 95 4.2 105 4.7
Organic du sts...................................
2,246 12 0.5 1,321 58.8 22 1.0
339 15.1 3.47 6.5
82 3.7 110 5.6 75 4.4
13 0.8
96 5.6 326 18.9
N on-silicious dusts .......................
1,723 1,232
4 0.2 17 1.4
954 55.4 758 61.5
93 5.4 2 0.2
53 4.3
37 3.0
69 5.6 6.5
6 0.5
19 1.5 109 8.8 162 13.1
8 0.8
67 6.4
1,049 25 2.4 557 53.1 3 0.3
4.5 $ 0.3 11 1.1 20 2.0 65 6.5
Alkaline compounds ......................
1,000 990
1 0.1
818 81.8 624 63.0 **8 o!s
150 15^2 15.2
22 2.3
10 1.0
5 0.5 45 4.7
35 3.5 32 3.3
84 8.5 96 10.0
Lacquers and varnishes..............
956 *35 3.7 795 3 0.4
564 59.0 516 64.9
7 0.7 15 1.9
145 36 4.5
32 4.0
1 0.1
148 18.6 o .i 34 4.3
33 4.2 11 1.4 10 1.3 186 23.5
793
278 35.1 4 0.5
53 6.7
773
768 99.4 3 0.4
"
K)
132 24.8 7 1.3 w
532
344 64.7 2 0.4
*
Or 13 2.7
Antimony and its compounds..
478
386
313 65.5 219 56.7
*15 3.9 1 0.3
2 0.5
29 7.5
32 8.3
88 22.8 1 0.3
H alogenated hydrocarbons........
327
310
283 86.5 94 30.3 ' *3 i!o
165 53*2
3 1.0
12^5 34 11.0 ~~3 1.0
4 1.3 1.2
2 0.6 4 1.6
2 0.6 28 11.4
Alcohols, esters and e th ers.... Coal dust (b itum inous)..............
245 * 2 6!6 120 49.0
61 24.9 27 11.0
3
Core gases ....................................... .
239 225 " 3 1*3
239 100.0 48 21.3 `*3 i '.3
" 3 i*.3 *9 4*.0
*37 16.4 **6 2*7 116 51 '.6 28 12.7
Chromium and its compounds. .
221
Other chemicals ...........................
211
.
193
169 76.5 16 7.6 186 96.4 77 41.6
*4 i.*9
150 71.1 ] 0.5
25 13.5
30 14.2 62 33.5
9 4.3
**6 3.1
1 6.5 *i4 7*6
1 0.5 **7 3^8
Temperature change .................. . 185
69 41.6
A sbestos dusts ............................... . .
166 163 *48 29.4
96 57.8 110 67.5 **3 i.*8
2 1.2
*5 4.3
.
116
75 64.7
12 2L 9 **2 i!7 10 9.6
3 2.9
Mercury and its com pounds... . .
104 67 *25 37.3
41 39.4 3 4.5
*2i 20.2
_ 2 3.0 37 55.2
" 7 10.*8
Organic acids ......................... ..
Cadmium and its compounds.. .
65
48 73.8
io 15*4 33 53.2 *29 46*8
Manganese and its compounds. . .
62 62 "21 33l9
*32 6L6
2 3.2 7 11.3
**9 16.4
. Fluorides ........................................ .
55 32
44 8.0...0
'i s 56!3
31 100.0
1 3.1
.
31
*i3 ioo!6
Phosphorus and com pounds.-- .
13
Arsenic and its compounds---- .
10
A ccelerators ................................... .
3
10 100.0 " 3 ioo!o
ttpwl
^
The matenai on this page was copied from the collection of ihe National Library of Medicine by a third party and may be protected by U.S. Cop)
o I-J
en p to g .
*
e 4W nh
a o 2.3
3 O
g.
2. w . 2
d . fc :
: : OSq':.
CO 2 2 M
to <r 00IMOOt0fk0. Hl*I. ^OHOJCOOM
Co M to
<5 o n Q. Mol
3
k
o1
Sr
Other gases Lead and its com
pounds Carbon monoxide
&.3
c 3 *S1 3
M O A. O
co p L$
-o* h oo bo H
CO c o w i--i . t o . t o CO 0 0
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CO COCO CO
M
(X>
. . CO 00 8
. . CO CO CO
. 8. --!
88 -* M -0
8
8. . . .
. 8.
Petroleum products
Organic dusts
Other metals Mineral acids
Organic solvents Antimony and its
compounds Silicate dusts
Salts
Alkaline compounds
Silica dust
Oils, fats, and waxes Paints and enamels
Other chemicals M anganese and its
compounds Coal# dust
(b itum inous) Lacquers and
varnishes Cyanides Chromium and its
compounds Non-silicious dusts
Accelerators Alcohols, esters, and
ethers Sulfur
Asbestos dusts
Izz
H > W
5
in
H O
0
> o 0
63
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M e o 0> i f k H O l rfk.
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Other gases Carbon monoxide Other metals
co S>. bo c>
Organic dusts Silicate dusts
: ; ; 88
* *>J to M o <r ^ ; *,; ooi 00 eo
CO to OS CO
. . . . bo M __ Cl
tO
Petroleum products
Lead and its com pounds
A lcohols, ester, and ethers
Alkaline compounds
Lacquers and varnishes
M ineral acids
Coal dust (bitum inous)
Non-silicious dusts
Silica dust
en
: F.8 : : bo* -
s . . a.
S; ; g;
to*
S; ; g
CO . 8. S.
SS
Organic solvents
Paints and enamels
Manganese and its compounds
Salts
Cyanides
Fluorides
Chromium and its compounds
Asbestos dusts
Cadmium and its compounds
Dyes
j
9zz
H > tfl
wr
h---1 g*
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