Document Jr3wowY61oLYeDpROBdd7qV46
MONSANTO TECHNICAL BULLETIN No. P-113
August 15, 1945
Monsanto Chemical Company Phosphate Division St. Louis, Missouri
New York - Chicago - Boston - Birmingham - Charlotte - Cincinnati Detroit - San Francisco - Seattle - Los Angeles - Montreal
ARESKAP - ARESKET - ARE3KLENE
These trade names are applied to surface active agents manufactured and distributed by Monsanto Chemical Company having the following chemical composition:
Areskap - Monobutyl phenylphenol sodium monosulfonate
Aresket - Mono'outyl biphenyl sodium monosulfonate Aresklene - Dibutyl phenylphenol sodium disulfonate
The active concentrations of the several grades are shown as follows:
Areskap 50 Areskap 100
Aresket 240 Aresket 300 Aresklene 375 Aresklene 400
(water solution) (dry powder)
(water solution) (dry powder) (water paste) (dry powder)
% Active
50 100' 40 100 75 100
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Dry Powders
ARESKAP 100
ARESKET 300
ARESKLENE. 400
Color Odor Melting Range*
Ash Sulfates Chlorides Volatility Saponification Value Acidity Value Bulk Density gm./cc. pH (1$ Solutions in
Distilled Water 9 30C)
Tan Tan Tan
31. aromatic
SI. aromatic
SI. aromatic
Decomposition Decomposition Decomposition
160C
l60bC
160C
Approx. 25.73* Approx. 28.53* Approx. 22.53*
Trace
Trace
Trace
Trace
Trace
Trace
Less than 13* up to 160C decomposition point.
Less than 10 mgm. KOH per gram of powder.
Less than 5 mgm. KOH per gram of powder.
0.490
0.485
0.603
8 7-
7-
*Slnce these products are sodium saltB of organic acids, they decom pose rather than melt. The liquid decomposition products give the appearance of a melt at temperatures above 150C to l60C.
-1-
0166501
TOWOLDMON0024552 WATEFLPCB-00009021
SOLUTIONS
Since the dry powders are quite hygroscopic, It is frequently found that they are better adapted to commercial application as solutions.
The properties of these solutions are comparable with the respective dry powders shown above.
Specific Gravity
Areskap 50 Aresket 240 Arosklene 375
.
1.155 - 1.165 @ 20C1.145 - 1.155 @ 20C Approx. 1.2 @ 20G
SOLUBILITIES
ARESKAP, ARESKET and AKESKLENE are used in such varied fields that it is impossible to completely compile their solubilities. The ap pended table gives the solubility of 10 grams of powder in 90 grams of the most common solvents.
Solvent
ARESKAP
' ARESKET
ARESKLKNE
Water
Soluble
Soluble
'Soluble
Ethyl Alcohol
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble `
Acetone
Soluble
Insoluble
Soluble
Pine Oil
Soluble
Insoluble
Soluble
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Soluble
Insoluble
Soluble
Butyl Cellosolve
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble
Ethylene Glycol
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble
Dlchlor-Ethyl Ether
Insoluble
Insoluble
Insoluble
Ethyl Ether
Soluble
Insoluble
Soluble
Pentasol
Soluble
Insoluble
Soluble
Diethylene Glycol
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble
Petroleum Ether Gasoline
Insoluble Insoluble #
Insoluble Insoluble
Insoluble Insoluble*
Kerosene
Insoluble # Insoluble
Insoluble
Glycerine
Soluble
Soluble
Soluble**
Chloroform
Soluble
Insoluble
Soluble
Carbon Tetrachloride
Soluble
Insoluble
Insoluble
Cellosolve Acetate Ethyl Acetate
Soluble Soluble
Soluble Insoluble
Soluble Soluble
Butyl Acetate
Soluble
Insoluble
Soluble
Oleic Acid
Soluble
Tung Oil
Insoluble
Insoluble
Insoluble
Turpentine
Insoluble
Insoluble
Insoluble
Solvent Naphtha (Mineral
Spirits) (Varnoline)
Insoluble
Insoluble
Insoluble
Linseed Oil
Insoluble
Insoluble
Insoluble
Ethylene Dichloride
Soluble
Insoluble
Soluble (hot)
(Jells)
Ortho Dichlorbenzene
Soluble(hot) Soluble(hot) Soluble
(jells)
* Some solubility on warming.
** Tendency to jell.
# Slightly soluble if first dissolved in benzene or toluene.
-2-
TOWOLDMON0024553 WATER_PCB-00009022
SURFACE TENSION EFFECTS
There are several methods for determining the surface tension effects of wetting agents. We have included the more common ones: DuNuoy Tensiometer and Draves Method.
- DU NUOY TENSIOMETER
The following determinations represent the average of five readings:
Solution
DuNuoy Determinations Dynes/cm.__________
---------------- TTJ------------- r
ARESKAP 100 ' ' ARESKET 300
ARESKLENE 400
1.0*
0.25* 0.0625*
33.7
33.9 40.1
35.7 36.0 45.3
32.5 29.5 35.0
The smaller the number indicates greater wetting and spreading power of the solutions.
DRAVES METHOD
`
The Draves method as employed 13 outlined in detail in the 1938 Year book of the American Association of Textile Chemists and. Colorists. Briefly, this methods the time required for a skein of cotton yarn
in a solution under standardized conditions closely approximating commercial wetting-out practice.
Wetting Time in 3econds - Distilled Water @ 25 degrees C.
% Concentration ARESKAP 100
ARESKET 300
ARESKLENE 400
0.5 0.25 0.125
0.0625
'
10.5 38.7 >180.0
-
11.6
23.1 78.4 >180.0
2.6
6.6 18.2 90.4
Wetting Time in Seconds - 2* Sulfuric Solutions @ 25 degrees C.
0.5 C.25
0.125 0.0625
Inst. 11" 128" 180"
9" 19"
99" *180"
Inst.
5" 16" 158"
Wetting Time in Seconds - 2* Sodium Hydroxide 9 25 degrees C.
0.5 0.25
0.125 0.0625
180"
-
.
-
15"
33" 94"
. +180"
102" *180"
_
-
-3- olbbW''
TOWOLDMON0024554 WATER_PCB-00009023
Wetting Time in Seconds - 5% Sodium Hydroxide @ 25 degrees C.
% Gone.
ARESKAP 100
AEESKET 300
ARESKLENE iOO
0.5 0.25
0.125 0.(562 5
-
105 +180
_
-
19 51
143 l8o
29 120 +180
-
STABILITY TO METALLIC 10
Many industrial applications Involve the use of soluble metallic salts, and it is important that a wetting agent be stable to them, i.e., retain wetting action without forming insoluble 3alts or form ing complexes with surface tension reducing properties. In certain other operations, it is desirable that an Insoluble salt be formed.
TABLE
Humber of milligrams of metallic salt required to cause Insoluble salt formation with 100 mgm. of dry wetting agents (100 ngm. maximum amount of salt added).
Metal Salt
ARESKAP 100
ARESKET 300
ARESKLENE 409
Aluminum Sulfate Barium Chloride Copper Sulfate Calcium Chloride Ferric Sulfate Lead Nitrate Magnesium Sulfate
Nlckelous Nitrate Zinc Sulfate
8 20
88 100
17 3? 100 100 100
6
9 100
14
7 21 100 100 100
6
15 100
23
27 35 100 60 100
Average
62.9
' 50.8
51.8
APPLICATIONS
EMBALMING
0.5% Areskap 50 added to concentrated embalming fluids make3 it possible for these solutions to permeate the body completely. By reducing the surface tension of the embalming liquids, they readily flow into even the smallest capillaries. So effective is the dis persion of color through the use of "Areskap 50," that a healthier glow than enjoyed in life is attained.
Embalming fluids are generally formulated with alcohol, glycerine and formaldehyde as the chief constituents. The following typifies such a product to which is added Areskap 50, as follows:
166 505
TOWOLDMON0024555 WATER_PCB-00009024
Water Glycerine
Methanol Borax Phenol 4$ Formaldehyde Areskap 50
38 33 33 3
5
' 200
3
parts
INSECTICIDES
The following formulations have been found of proved merit:
Rotenone - Sulfur dust
Cube rotenone
Sulfur
Talc Aresket 300
15$
15$ 69$
1$
The wetting agent dissolves in the dev and spreads the insecticide.
European cornborer (Circular No. 114, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Conn., June, 1936)
Per 100 gals.
No. 1 Areskap 100 Ground Derris Root
6 0z. 4 lbs
OJ
s0
Areskap 100 Phenothlazine
6 oz. 4 lbs
No. 3 Areskap 100
'
Liquid Tannin
Free Nicotine (50$)
6 OZ. 3 lbs 1 lb.
Control of Gypsy Moth
Lead Arsenate Fish Oil Motor Oil Aresket 240 Water
Use five gallons per acre of tree3.
'
30.0 lbs. 6.0 " 1.2 "
1.2 " 45.0 gals
Control of stinking smut on wheat
Areskap Formaldehyde 40$
0.25$ 0.31$
Treating bulbs
Aresket 300 is used in a cresol dip for gladiolus bulbs before plant ing to combat mites.
TOWOLDMON0024556 WATER_PCB-00009025
Sumner oil 3prays
An oil emulsion prepared at the New Jersey Experiment Station, "Jew Brunswick, New Jersey, said to be as good as can be prepared with any other emulsifier, consists of the following:
' Summer oil
Water Aresklene 400
66$
33.5$ 0.5$
The dry Aresklene Is dissolved In water. While this is circulated with a pump, the oil is added slowly with constant agitation with pumping. After all the oil has been added, the pumping is contin ued for about 10 to 15 minutes, then passed through a colloid mill.
The customary oil emulsions, as manufactured by Government formula, consist of 2 gallons of oil, one gallon of water and one pound of
40$ potash fish oil soap, the latter as an emulsifier. This gives an emulsiflable oil, containing 66$ active unsulfonated oil. Re cently the Standard Oil Company of Indiana have begun to market an oil containing practically no water, 96$ unsulfonated oil and 5$ of oil-soluble emulsifying agent. These oils are diluted at the point of application to yield a concentration of approximately 2$ oil in a water emulsion. This latter being applied as a spray to trees.
For dormant or winter sprays, an oil having a viscosity pf 150-200 Saybolt Seconds is employed; whereas, for summer sprays, an oil having a viscosity of 75-100 Saybolt Seconds is employed. The winter
oil sells for 25^ per gallon and the summer oil for 50^ per gallon.
Home-made Oil Emulsions for Summer Spraying in Apple Orchards
Joseph M, Ginsburgh, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick, New Jersey, states that based on experiments conducted for
several years with various petroleum oil distillates, and with dif ferent emulsifying agents, a formula has been developed by which the farmer can readily prepare a stable home-made oil emulsion for summer spraying in apple orchards, resulting in a large financial saving, A semi-refined paraffin distillate of the following specifications proved equally as safe as the highly refined oil heretofore used and is, of course, considerably cheaper:
Bolling Range--Initial Final
A.P.I. Or. Viscosity--3nybolt U./lOO
V.I. U.S.F.
570-590F 750-750F 31 or higher
65-75 90-100 or higher 82-84$
Of the many emulsifiers tested, sodium lauryl sulfate was found very effective. It produces a stable emulsion, compatible practically with all kinds 'of water available on the farm for spraying purposes.
The stock emulsion consists of 70$ oil, 29$ water, and about 0.5 to 1.0$ emulsifier.
-6- 016650?
TOWOLDMON0024557 WATEFLPCB-00009026
The following procedure was found satisfactory with the ordinary power sprayer. The emulsifier is first added to 10-20 gallons of water and transferred to the spray tank, containing the rest of the water. With the agitators and pump running at a pressure of 50 lbs. or higher, the oil is slowly run in. After all the oil has been added, mining is continued for about 50 minutes or until the emulsion becomes thick, creamy and homogeneous, showing no free oil on the surface. The finished emulsion is pumped into clean drums for stor ing. If foaming becomes excessive, reaching top of tank, about 1 to 4 pints of defoamer (3 lbs. of wool grease In one gallon of kerosene) may be added.
For spraying,the home-made emulsion is diluted with water to the desired oil concentration in the same way as the commercial oil emul sion.
Pea Aphids
Rapid strides have been made during the past in solving the problem of the control of pea aphids. Canners and growers have a choice of several controls, embodying the use of derri3 and cube in spray and dust form, nicotine in vaporized and dust applications,, and quite possibly combinations of these methods. It is a question now of a choice of method rather than a search for suitable insecticide. "
One point stands out as being vitally Important in both dust and 3pray applications and that is the necessity, economy and advantage of uaing a satisfactory wetting and spreading agent.
An excellent material for this purpose Is Dry Aresket 300 and the
solution form of this product, Aresket 240.
In dust applications containing derris, cube or nicotine, from 3 to 5 pounds of Dry Aresket 300 is used. This provides satisfactory sticking properties to the dust application and at the same time by breaking down the surface tension of the moisture, promotes wider and more even spread of the insecticide.
In spray applications a pint of Aresket 240 to 100 gallons of spray
is generally used. This addition to the spray greatly Increases the
effectiveness of the Insecticide and makes the treatment more econom ical.
Aresket is variously mentioned throughout the literature as Diphenyl Butyl Sodium Sulfonate, Sulfonated Phenylphenol, Sulfonated Alkylated Diphenyl, and' others. It can be used in any kind of water and there is no record of its ever causing Injury to plants.
According to the JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOOf 28, P. 224, J. M.
Olnsburg of the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, New Brunswick, New Jersey, outlines the use of wetting agents for oil insecticides:
-7-
0 S>vbb->
I
TOWOLDMON0024558 WATER_PCB-00009027
Against aphis poml
To yield equivalent mortality of 80# required the following dilu tions :
Gardlnol W.A.
1:210
~
Aresket or Areskap
1:550
Rat Poison
.
In treating sunflower seeds with poison for rats, it was found that' Aresket 240 added to the soaking solution increases the speed of soaking (reduces to 25 minutes) and insures a perfect kill.
Vfa. Buettner of 0. J. Buettner & Sons, Inc., Brooklyn, New York, In Service Letter #253, distributed by the National Pest Control Asso ciation, Inc., to their membership, stated:
". . . if a wetting agent such as Aresket or Santomerse D is used, there can be brought Into a workable solu tion the arsenic in a micron size."
for use in rat control.
Red Mite
According to Ralph E. Heal, New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station (JOURNAL ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 29:550), summer control of European red mites on apples with derrTs and neutral wetting agents (foliage previously sprayed with sulfur and lead arsenate, which precluded use of oil or soap.)
Derrls root (4# Rotenone)
Areskap 100
.
per 100 gallons
it - 2 lbs. 10 oz.
On the basis of Areskap 100 as 100# effective, the other wetters had the following values:
Aresklene Aresket
100.5# 91-2#
Apple washing to remove Spray Residues
To reduce spray residues -within food law tolerances, use 2# Areskap 50 In 1J# Muriatlo Add solution, heated to 100F.
Ant Control
The University of Idaho, Department of Entomology, recommends a stock solution to be diluted as follows:
Carbon Bisulfide Crude Naphthalene Aresklene 400 Water
-8-
l4 gallons 5o ounces it ounces 2 quarts
TOWOLDMON0024559 WATER_PCB-00009028
Preparation of stock material: Dissolve the crude naphthalene in the carton bisulfide. All lumps
must be broken up and the material completely dissolved. The mix ing can be done with electrically driven equipment or a small cream churn.
Place ther water and Aresklene together and agitate in the mixing apparatus until it has the appearance of very foamy soapsuds. Slowly add the carbon bisulfide - crude naphthalene solution to the water - Aresklene, agitating vigorously while adding. Continue the agitation for several minutes after all the materials are com bined. This completes preparation of the stock material.
Use of the material: The stock emulsion, prepared as described above, is diluted 1 part to 80 parts of water
(l/2 pt. emulsion to 5 gals, of water). The ant colony is prepared for treatment by building a dike of dirt about 2 Inches high around the outside. The area enclosed by the dike can then be filled once or twice with the diluted emulsion until enough is added to soak thoroughly through the colony. The amount of diluted material will vary between 5 and 10 gallons, depending upon the size of the colony. All stages of the ants are killed. The best time to treat is at dusk when the ants have all returned to the colony.
Wire Pickling
Using 0,75# Areskap 100 in a 15# HC1 bath (not 15# of l8Be Muria tic) based on the diluted weight of bath. Contact time of 9 seconds in a 20-ft. tank with very good results. Without Areskap it does not work.
Areskap 50 in Muriatic Acid pickling bath for wire has the following advantages:
1. Reduces the loss of Muriatic Acid through dragout.
2. Reduces the formation of dross in their galvanizing pot. Under their present process any iron salts which adhere to the work are carried into the gal vanizing pot and combine with zinc to form dross. . Better drainage of the work should aid in eliminat ing this.
5. Secure better pickling thru quicker penetration of tha acid to the center of the colls.
*
The Information in this bulletin is based on our experience, repre sents our best judgment in the matter, and is intended to be help ful; but we cannot assume responsibility for any loss or accident that may result from its use.
-9-
TOWOLDMON0024560 WATER_PCB-00009029