Document Jq06w5Rg9MpBDvnBG8MD4Q6a

CONFIDENTIAL * U.J PU.VI IV THE COLORIMETER CHART COLOR ADJUSTMENT SYSTEM df^?- - H. Edwar<^R^P , ' t* '*v ' /,' ' *** - $5fi&$lt ,'rHCi Mi--H-- . *> '.. r i'-'-. -w-V1-- i! Ancrr d u i a mr-3$ (2M) intercept iti tfei vltuafelen is achieved Vy reversing, the direction of the tlMj-Ooloraot B Hat sad extending 'l&at line until It intersects the Colorant 0 rector. hi inter- section is (2M.), (note Figure XXII., ) DUP030002519 Consider further the problem of selecting the proper Colorant C, lost of the Color Effect Chart will contain vectors representing the three-dimensional color effects of four or five individual colorants. If two of these are selected as Colorants A and B* this leaves only two or three colorants which could be Colorant C, While the third A plot (,e,9 the one not used to determine points (WL) md (IX) in step 2) will normally give a clear definition of Colorant c* it is possible that the construe* felon of step 3 will show that all of these colorants are inter- .seated in this third A plot and should be considered as Colorant 0, In this ease -reference must then be made to the other two A plots to determine which of these colorants will produce the desired movement toward fete origin in all three .A plots. If upon completion of the construction m detailed in steps 1 through $* any of the ooloraat adds are found to represent Hegative quantities of one of the colorants* the mum usually can W ffiraii'd to the improper selection of Colorant G. The first move would toe to inspect the construefelon to determine if another Colorant G is feasible. If not* than either some error has been made in the selection of Colorants A and B or major construction error has occurred. QHB AID WO. COl&MMg OQRRECfXOMS While the nature of color adjustment requires a three-color correction at least 99$ of the time. It Is hypothetically possible In' certain cases to have a situation which will require the use of only one or two colorants to adjust the color of the batch to that of the standard. ..However* these situations are easily identified. 1) One Colorant Correction - will always toe required . If the batch (Point P) lies m the same colorant vector in all three A plots in such a position that the addition of the colorant to point (?) will saove the color to the origin of the A plot, 2} fwo Colorant Correction - will always toe required if points (in) and (lx) of step 2 lie on fete Color ant B vector in ell'three A plots in.such a position that the addition of Colorant B will move the color to the origin of the A plots. Alternately* a two-colorant correction will always toe required if point (X) of step -4 lim on fete origin of the three A plots. DUP030002520 MEtMjjc comm >3? Metallic colors differ f&m non-meballle colors in their pigmentation# which la usually ca&po&ed of transparent colored pigment dispersions and a metallic flalee# which sets as a series of small mirrors embedded in the flinty reflecting the light entering the film with $ high degree of diractlenal intensity, This dttrectitmal reflectance f the light entering the film produces the pisof -"two-tone" which is associated with metallic finishes... Twtn@,! is nothing more Wasn the change in the intensity of light reflected fro* the film with a change in'viewing angle. A modifica tion of the <1-3 diossmebsrr Ms been developed to measure two-tow m the intensity difference between light .reflected at the .angles f maximum and minimum iatensity., The use of this instrument' to define two-tone in numerical terms is an integral part of the ColorimeterOfeart Oplor Adjustment System procedure for handling metallic colors-. Because of the, construction of this iMtrument* it measures *two-tone* as a function of laightnes.s Cl,-},. The control Of "two-tone" (hereafter referred to m IT 5 is achieved 'by adjusting the light scattering power .of the film# thereby adjusting the reflectance of the minimum reflectance angle,. This control of Ught~scatberlng is achieved through the we of a highly Hfdifc-scattering pigment dispersion# such as Titanium Pi-oxide whitts to compensate for the lot to lot scattering power of the colorants used in- the .manufacture of the formulation, - Color 'control of metallic-type finishes mean the control of M*, da and4b and AIT. Basically this is achieved in the same manner previously outlined for controlling Ak Aa and db for non-eetaille colors# with minor system modification necessary for Air control, for purposes of ira-trarantal control# there are two separate types of metallic finish, The first type is the conventional metallic color* containing small quantities of white. "Incite* Copper metallic (887-93579) is a' typical .example of this type. The second type of wetaHis color la a .recent Innovation of the formulators. In reality* it is a--cross-breed between non-metallic formulations and the con ventional metallic feraulabien and is used to obtain an increased saturation over that which can be obtained in conventional metallic*. It is unique la that it contains a considerable- amount of lightscattering Titanium Dioxide 'white pigsent la the film in order to achieve a degree of eaturatlon which'cannot he achieved with con ventional metallic films, "Incite* Turquoise metallic (o8t939^6) is a typical ctimple of this type of finish, which is bnown as a high white-content metallic, I - HIGH MSX!IS-50!IS!ffi 1MM0S kt chart Preparation ffev ic ej\V*t charts used' in the color adjustment -of Mgjfc white-? >.ct*>et are obtained by the preparation of Specific coldest tj-.ili pp^ls in the same manner previously -de tailed for x^i cows.,* I typical color of this type is composed of rive reinvent*; s,** t colors* white* black and a&smitm sod m<juiie& i! yiv ^ration of the following sis vector paBtlg \ii\iF- r`\Ki etwuPafd p-ivt--.U {) f'. hu > , . DUP030002521 If BtMB&md phm Colorant A 2) $Madm%I plus Colov$% M 31 St&Msrd -pins Meek 4) Standard plm liiit# | Stsaiarcl plus ilwlmws. $3 Standard plus aiimittw/Vhi'ts o,wfei&ttio* found in forjnfta . flies panels rai for 0* R, B (uslog the rota*- ting top eolpriaeter) and IT (using torn awsgs of I readings at 90*, ISO*, STO^ sM 360..) %%e IT readings should be ssade first as the papal clips, on fcfet colorimeter spinning attach** jl win ar' the panel surface. calculations are aade in terns .of AhiA*4&ib and .Affftm stented, tisifeg tlAj*,4e#4'b and 4 iTlnforation obtained afewe* the color effect chart is sons trueted. Four pints an wade; nauely* 4a 4h 4J.4S, AX Ah and AITI* Sine the . first three plots are stellar to those obtained innoh-metellle colors, the remainder of the discussion will fee devoid to the preparation of the 41* AiTchart, DUP030002522 If-39 The ATTA L chart Is prepared m shown ip Figure XXIII, Mote that thetAtTAb effect for all pane la except the standard plus aluminum and the standard plug whit la essen tially a straight line, This particular line (1) show the relationship between lightness and ir.for this color,. In other words, if a given batch is at theAitA% point shewn by (a ), the adjustment of this color to match the standard, using the color* ants whose points define the slope of this line., will result .in a IT match .to standard as well as a At, d a and 4 b match, A second line {<?) may be drawn from the A1TWQ, AL0 (standard) point through the4irs &%, point representing the star* dard plus aluminum panel, this line, known as the effect line'* represents. th* real increase in'IT which can be ob tained in these high white-content metallics by Increasing the amount of aluminum in the color without a proportionate increase in the white content. % A third line (35 can be drawn from the standard point through the 4#14 L point representing the standard plus white panel. This line is known as the "white effect line* and .repre sents the real decrease in irwhloh can be obtained in high whitecontent .met&TTlca by increasing the white content of the color without a proportionate increase in the aluminum content. Chart Use stwttcs In high white-content me tallies, the IT adjustment 1b ide as an integral part of the^overall color correction. (lot Figure XXIV.) DUP030002523 3PMo far '* tttwt'* a cv.i sHi of fctei higfe ^Mte-Hsofttont sgikailie -vui\^A -;a.i< im JiH &a.? &fe awl ST eras tiai A& W*.iu ^.**j&p#,r*hvs ia point S of Pigw XXilf, ;ft follcwll^g 8#e,U#M;0 *,>* foiJuj^r stop. t.s fi.ofc Um Hiteli poio&n n the fes4 fe9 4:4113* A 1*%^ m& plots* fMa 1 feti biteb fsoisif (B) pri- i eorrofctoa.s SiiMse poittt <j$j .U$ s ta |:miB.d iiift -of tbo&VfeL Ha fe-r tty! a Hmtsa tinting ($87~O100) it111 to# .re'9uJuu.a U7 ittf ife fir to the %v% skoi fey Itm tSf k 1 " ioe fw ji> solar, 2pi n lit* vtm point CBj psuvHH to m& In tti dirnotiem of fete alanimm sffest !k# >887-C&OOl mt.il it iatx*#ofe tfie-iW'4 & I in fee **>.* color ti paint (Cl* |lfc red eomiterae> iion is Figaro 21,} tslflg. fc'fef vrifeS# npriag oiiH of the Cotorts&eter- tloitisg iktfi,es# iei iti# scale to iiewnr 1,00 uoJtA ko u sail} between tt afettiriiM point Ski Hi ' ini tits callbrafcioa point (3,0) on i&t Sj-jOOrt Hr* ^k':t9r til I#EgtM Of %l'li fro tH ?, f01 ns * portion'f the scale o&li* fcrsOvo (i,o^ * 0,;?5 of iiPttsoe SK)* Step H Ift '&$mA i &H Al.*4?t asiliil,&ls plotfe* m lint fr. point (B) parallel to -and' i -Urn direction of tb' 087*0100 v**tar M & of tliess plain m% tfe tariafeia siting ecala fee issM 1,00 nssite at tul1 ,*1> > s'* i < * g , fi Ms 80f*OlO0 wtp tec! lay off 11 iliiiistia m the M?r? '`ij'iuk.f fro point (B) ontdvaiant 'a "H`, ean a *tp 3 o,75 of ^at Hkitl of ffee -8S7010.' *otoy saiiferation in fliis oai>; Mls^i Mhi$ paint |B I, Stop 3* ```i < - **. n t*|S ' 4/* *>< ,vu<* in tv`? ltj, oooa'lmiot a e?. pk'f'ik listag *mm pro* K-P < * . -i .. ..u>k. ii- aon "K^yiillo eo.icr ocroti<* BiOo kuc 'Bi i:<. c/c? mrm (b q ;-h o i o b m :^?-0K.n>^TC3S? II fats SSF* U88S1B til MiXMiifAymmt commmtm wvsm wm$ WiCJlSSM'*'- i3;t,flir4 a:*S Mtiitt ftro afeonO in fae jkk. r it-*< & .:v oj'ib piots aaj*ly fnsp ofeift- , ( * ^ *- * v !f \ p. M4 : py miT oorfftotlon (i,a, f,:rp B t- > fi 2 <-> ' ' ; K *<' t.-'sk. ->f .it is Mimxmm H*t k. t ,^'j Nt{ \r,\r Hi u Oft OOOpOftftS 1' < * * < * \ >. v <>>' 1 Imi Cor tli# pir- v , i*. te^vii far oolo? ftS^tts*tkt. If Hm ^msbimbi:m aaloriatf poalsinatien is ms#i ' *' . t' f x 1 ** ; . .1 < , :>' >\ " Hu * DUP030002524 .ItMii la tilt specific mmi .jmsfc detailed* the W&S-* at CB) Is* Figure XXST* ie.# low ia fT* If it bad been at (w) it would have been high in Tf and wouM then have required a white (885-060) adjustment from (Bn) to {" ) to redo* the W jailor to the mlor adjustment.. 11- I*CM MtCT-dOMTgHT MKfAHJSS gbart Preparation Hypothetically* there should be no difference 1b the type of color affect chart spared for Mgb white-content aettliie.i and those prepared for low white-content at tallies ,, la actual practice* however, there 1 a difference, due primarily to the affect of the small amounts of white on the color. Swell amounts of white tend to .obscure the mirror effect of the metallic flake wore rapidly - through scattering the light thaa It will .raise the lightness of the color* 'She resultant color change is a decrease in lightness brought about fey a reduction in the directional intensity of the light reflected fro the film because the light is mm partially diffused* Because of this effect* there is no cnslatent color direction for white addition to a low white-content metallic and the system described earliar for high whiteeontsnt metallise is not feasible. On this basis* the color effect chart is prepared from the following panels plus the standard panel. Standard plus colorant A Standard plus oolorant 8 Standard plus black Standard plus aluminum Standard plus white (2 levels) Of the above panels* panels number p violate the rale on the escteot of colorant add. The amount of white used in preparing these .panels is equivalent to the amount of white ia the fcwwale -end half that amount* fb#B panels are read for -0* 1 and 8 using the rotating colorimeter attachment end for Tf using the average of t if made t $X>% 180% 270 and 380** The shite add panels are read only for TT* lla.isg the ah* da* as send 40 information -thus obtained* the 4a 4b* sib 4a* 41 cb and a special 4TT chart are prepared* The white data is only used for the 4TT chart Which is c is trusted as shown in Figure HOT. DUP030002525 iiMa effect line lies .close to tine elope of the line proetaee fcy the^Tf *M points M-aihed with the sfcafKlar^ ami the etaiite$ plus olorant (except sltwlrojm) p&mis * In ffiasy foxmi.ii'tioha the #!*aiftw afreet line msy actually colnelcie 'with this .other line* p^rtleuiafly if the fopfflilafcioa sails tor tery little whit#.,. in my c u bs * the proxitoi&y .of the altitsdman effect line shows clearly that it is extf-esiiely difficult to laereaay the gal `Sf f a tow white- eonfcent ssetallis, - ~ B* Chart Bee 'the use of the color effect; chart In the asXJnstnesifc of low wmit^-eentent wetallics it s wtm eoaevhat from the teehnique preview ly described for high white-content ta1Ule## pi*$mj"*ly hmomkm of the differences in the ilft plots,, the ppocfe-'l^s iwlf4 is detailed toe lows --.^'gswtfis:-^Saa Plot the bn Into fB) in tr:a of the Aa iibJ; Als-J^s, AI:< 4'fs awl .s&i'isSto plots* (Soto PtfpjFo 30C?i for o 1<h - >v? ' v.a.h. J DUP030002526 riM-3 DUP030002527 stfp Si Step ? l&Iog Ui# &`?l'4l plot,, elevennisi tb@ Jilt distance from poit (b ) to point (&) which is cm the JUTS va 4L line tv? this color, afe the 'lightness (Abl of the butch* if point |b ) Is on the negative side of this line# tehe batch must he reworked as outlined in the section on rework procedures* Using the Mf distance determined la step g, and iim Jf$ vs, -white portion of the 4TT plot# determine the aitouat of white necessary to adjust the AWt of tt Mich to mro* Sisrliug at the hitch point originally plotted {B} adjust the color difference between the batch and standard Is the conventional wanner previousli' de tailed for sos-*fesllle colors, Mot that in most cases no adjustment Is made of the original hatch .point (b ) to compensate for the addition of the &t$ whit correction. This is primarily because the white -does not have a predictable .effect on tii# Alt, 4a and Ah directions, this shortcoming is overcome by using a loiliag formal which contains a rmfcaearfbl* proportion of the white in the fcrania, 3teUi loading formula should hold out sufficient white to pat the hatch charge on the right side of -the OtTAL line* loading a hatch in this wanner will insure that the white correction will be relatively small and thus limit its effect os the , Mp M end A h of the ha.tcb -while correcting its XsfS2 deficiency* As in Mm case -of the high white*content metallic colors discussed earlier# the overall color correc tion of a low white-content metallic involves a four color component adjustment? white * tor ATS correction plan the tfcree colorants Involved in the color ccawecticfn* DUP030002528 X?~3f BATCH WWFPSMm TBCHHKHffiS FOB OFflMIM RESPITES The use f the Coloris t@?-hart Color Adjustment Systen will result In increased color adjustment productivity saS inereftacd plant capacity due to mom rapid .mixer -turnover when compared to current visual color adjustment techniques. These advantages em b further enhanced through plant operstioii a g fixed femulation basis* eliminating the individual batch prefomula&ion inherent in certain phases of our industry* Even greater advantage can b attained if the fixed formulation .considers all of the Ioritri factors inherent in the effective operation of the system* Foremost of the factors which mist fee considered ia the lot to lot variation inherent in the .manufacture of standardised single pigment colorants,, The effectiveness of any color adjustment system is measured by Its rate f productivity and the amount of rework it oreates, The basic problem in the manufacture of. blended colors resolves into two incompatible criteria. 1) Manufactore of the greatest percentaga of initially *0K, on Load" batches, 9) The amount of the colorants used to adjust the color of a batch to that of the standard must be kept to a minimum to avoid rework* These two- criteria are basically incompatible since* under most conditions* emphasis on ns will result in the violation of the other criteria. To Illustrate this point* consider the mm of a light and saturated color containing omr $0$ white. Manufacture -of this color on a fixed formulation designed to match the color stan-. dard with standard colorants will produce a number of -"O.K, on load" batches* the percentage being dependent upon the reproducibility of the individual colorants and the tightness of the allowable color tolerance. However* there will fee an inherent number of off-color batches requiring color adJus teat to the standard. Bom of these off-color hatches will fe darter than st@si.dsrd. Such a batch will mqutm. the addition f several hundred parts of white per 100 parte of the charged batch to adjust the lightness of ths batch to that of the standard and will create a considerable volume f rework.. How than can these opposite objectives be reconciled end still result in production operation on a fixed formulation basis? The answer is found in a consideration f the colorant formulation and the hm%& e.omrnsrcisi color tolerance of the specifie color. If the commercial color tolerance is relatively tight* as in the cam of automotive finishes* and the color formulation eontafmi a pre ponderance of one of the colorants, the emphasis 'should be on adjusting: the color of each batch to standard with a minimum quantity fwcoI^w inf, .......... This effect can be achieved*.a a fixed formulation basis* fey using a fixed formulation which in'deliberately off-color fro the standard in the specific direction which will allow the color of the hatch to be adjusted to standard with a minimum colorant volume add. This formulation will normally contain a slight excess of the pre dominant colorant and at the same time be "short" on the black colorant. DUP030002529 X~38 Certain color formulations are not critical with respect to any of the colorants involves in the blend, i.e,, a slight overcharge of any one of the colorants can be readily rectified with small quan tities of the remaining colorants. These colors should be blended on a fired formulation designed to give a direct color match to the standard. Some blended color lines are manufactured to a commercial color tolerance which is rather broad by comparison with automotive color tolerances for the same color. If this range of color tolerance for the color exceeds the lot to lot color variation inherent in the manufacture of the individual colorants making up the color blend, the color may be loaded on a colorant formulation designed to match the color standard with standard lots of the colorants. Under this system, the bulk of the batches will be within an acceptable color variation of the standard and require no color adjustment. However, there Is always the inherent risk of an occasional batch of a critical formu lation being outside the acceptable color variation and requiring an extensive amount of the colorants for color adjustment. HAMDI3M0 EXCESS "TRACE* COLORAMTS As long as the color formulations which are to be graphically color controlled contain only four pigments fincluding white) for a non-metallic color and five pigments (including white and aluminum) for a metallic color* there is no danger of obtaining a metamerlc color match. However, a considerable number of our current color offerings contain one or more extraneous pigments* usually in trace quantities. To avoid the possibility of a metamerlo color match, it is necessary to have these trace pigments present in. each batch. In order to do this, the proper amount of.the trace colorants should be charged in the fixed batch formulation prior to any color adjustment, Many formulas will contain the minimum number of pigments as defined above with one or more of the colorants in trace quantities. In this case, these "trace" colorants are not extraneous. The fixed formulation used for charging the batch, under these conditions, will not include any of the lton-extraneous "trace" colorants but will use %hm for color adjustment. DUP030002530 ir-rn- % 1 S I 0,06 | .6,000 I I 0.02, I 0* 02 '0, 016 0.0s} 0.02 3 0.64 0.032 0.05 0,09 0,10 | V> 0.11 0,12 olioo 0,13 I o.ios O.X-4 I 0,116 0.15 0,245 IX DUP030002531 DUP030002532 Colorant WB" +&b Colorant 5!C W-34 Figure xxi Since points (11} and (lx) are not directly avaliable fro -the eonstruetion of steps 1 through 3 it is mce.ss.exy to obtain the two intersections on the Colorant Q line by other means * In the specific ease shown in Figure XXI ,, the CIx)-Co:lorant B line Intersect* the Colorant C vector on the wrong side of the origin. In view of the infinite number of parallel .lines which could exist* this ay 'he considered as a valid (2X) intersection. i line freepoint (111 parallel to and in the direction of the Colorant B does act internet Colorant 0 at any point. Bow then mn a suitable 101) intercept be achieved? DUP030002533 DUP030002534 2-3S exist* Inspection of this tabulation indicates two situations 1) Bo useable color vectors -are crossed by the 8h colorant effect line in each of two A plots. 2} One of the tour colorant effect lines (253-0222) doss not cross any useable colorant vector in any of the A plots. in turn, its colorant vector is not crossed in the useable position by any of the otter colorant vectors. The. significance of the second situation is by far the most important. When one of the exponent colorants is not involved in any way in the table of useable colorant vectors, it means that this specific colorant (253-0222) will not be utilised la the color adjusts ent, This, .In turn, wems that the remaining three colorants {253"QS53a 253-0312, and 253-05Q5) are colorants A, IB and C* the order depending on which one we use to start with. in this specific case, -253-0312 was arbitrarily chosen .as colorant A and the graphical construction was started on the ,AL Aa plot:. From the table of useable colorants .(Figure III) It can be' .seen that this approach fixes 253-6953 -as colorant B, leaving 253-0505 as colorant C,` Lines are drawn in all three Aplots parallel to and in the direction of the Colorant A vector.. (Mote red line in Figure SC.) this line in the Au db plot, also crosses the colorant B (253*0953) vector tout on the wrong side of the origin of the plot to toe picked up in the table of useable colorant vectors -(Figure XXX ). This point is .marked (Hi) and used Just as if If had been a useable intercept. The remaining graphical construction .procedure is carried out m per .steps 1 through 6,. (Figure XX.) SELBCTXCM OF COLORA G The bulk of the difficulties inherent .in the use of the Colorimeter-Chart Color Adjustment System result fro the improper selection of Colorant G In'step 3 (note page This Improper .se.lect.ion usually results from an unusual circumstance of extraction which does not provide a positive intersection of the (lUj-Oolorant B or (1X)~Colorant B line with the Colorant S vector when the mechanics. of step 3 are followed. In mf consideration of the selection of Colorant C, it must toe resaembe'red that the 'lines drawn, in step 3* from points (.B!) and (IX) parallel to and in the direction of the . vector representing Colorant B are only two of an infinite number of lines which could toe drawn from the Colorant A line. (Mote Figure XXX.) if all r these lines are drawn, it can then toe seen that the lines parallel to the Colorant B vector will intersect the Colorant C vector on the right side f the origin only If they originate on the.Oolorant A Use at a paint intermediate between points (U8*) and (IX* ). DUP030002536 DUP030002537 o DUP030002539 YVf O'us of the dfiniaa in^arcping parallel ii is very simple-. Assume that from point (P), it is desired fce draw -a line ^ p&mtMl to tli ^eotor ^presenting Colorant A (Keci line in Pigare XXIX } Plane a permit on point (Fj and slide the plotting deirioe so that the drawing edges is against the pmeil point. Rotate the plotting device until the Colorant A vector is .aligned b&tmm and visually parallel to two of the fecrihad lines onthe plotting device. The- desired line c.a Umn be draws by siw&ig the p&ac'll along the dre^ipg edge. {Sots Figure XIII3 DUP030002540  oyaot msiam B&pe&t ftMB mm t*m ptrtllel lias mfp mwilg Wm. % Wm prmicm atting <%ms.xm is 4 fco taoasmo g tflii 'ScgiiOi ! .-> y c 5 s ymsoxml n&e > f'J* fv, , Vv-^T'it O': ", *' fr n- V in ?:.,(ve XX? ,,'.1 bv **W$ < *-.*;? ?'ca r,tam ami <m is xnmrmctim -of miss t;fe# sal siM} sctftd . 'i . > * - 5 IiiSi&atos? it aaitixmsiaB a$ar.ki*tg at? tis - s .\ ;m;s3 i., 0 parto f tim micm ; Mfceip eaafe c.i it >1 i'. *' Vi,' .h'.yDBk- mf to tVM tmiltrsifeisa of ms ; tie sm'ia ea iiat; ftp s ;*o s ` <" "~im i"r < - ppCOU.iSiVl to tls* Iltt?-, fins# i cajyJiippsOftclto ifift itrii*' f 1 l,iMrip^ftbiith * 5 CimS) V v>m 2 mil'? v " gd.x *r ,, C ,*,s, . '. .c Xupt > DUP030002541 *w* <WH'l!.^#l1't!('*: 2) -CtoMtoraitoC ye tote elftoter fcfem vetoes? m 1?3 s$ea&3?e$ SscssS'Svii'l^T"s'' iiff"IfxITTyT TiT^iS8"' oi t&- atollftoetei 'M:-ctlm::* Tlfto aachlmt is h&.mk%&& hj f Hs* w-*totoXo teals m tlm'%' tto lesagibls of the -'c a to i...'! } .,-, <h'.* in m% W 150 ina? cv *f 1 to ' p sv-e tose-cto soyM', 'flie sst- poijat ' t>3tm vstows Is anally ^^jwaiij* fey the estoB-ut to wlitoto tse solita^attosi jsssfe fee Midiipltoto -Co- eea yap-ass t-fee length ot fetes lim ft is ostotoi l. i.-_v *, ite Ctotltoittog fcalmlsti&s is given as si hmtki goiias ^ tsmM eeac-ctoy wxz\.,` &\ & | ;,#/-? tottow, $. toiitfs vi vp;.w.5' efe eiififtoie-st- fee the lesg-ito of fefee eaiiferabsS isleta Itogane XfT > to - a'u u > & - .*.*. tog L* of the I&j i Ttotctotoi in itoy calibratirisi reanias fetes wlbhWkl if'tos-sfclng the 00! tit tfe plotting totototo elsa fto or-o i>t- 1'ei ( D} at .cess M -of the lino- ini noaHors tone 'tongto of I-iia Use in fern of ite xftixit j.nco.Tosoato, toor axasaple, ssaisisa the Mi BS iiser&si^ate long, Otoe leagtfe of tils l:l?ia;i B%:K}TmfiSts<& in fetosie :o.f parts of ooloraat pey 1.00 ya:H;n ai hm-m -is ea-tooilated ferns equation Ito-S to;ml4 ton 0 -* at (h%\ - 1..T-X ?.arf Of % a a.ii 'parts of bafeeli c$m mjmfmm m^rt- toar. fur to||: toto tow: if -to toofctoe <if tto: ftolftoissafartoiissrt Co I-s p t&$mtmnb Spiffs lit fin: ail. i an too :;;i Of fifii; i'VT* to-.'? 7Vi ff f. -as n^iatiss to tow i a to'toti, 813$ w rtotototol on a vwniiao f,;-rcfto: a S d | s'fto l;iv f' ,`3 .a, ;ftos bssto ixiva'il.-a^s: of ft# t ICn yprfyw ii.&B is i - Jc ; *; . , ? flip fae t fehfi fj ;al ay tor agiiiitooiagyto .and a fra -sififto to if raffy;..ys,r et mh improved effiefimi; 51 ' At ton i-i^tototo f'c- to atoif tick's eeier e$^ttsfe*tmfe si:; .fxt f X, fv : -.1.1 V ' C/OI-C^ft Color ftS^wstw^nfe' Bystesi to h.mm. nfitm s-;n:-fn'i i-j't b:iO'h>x- xVto;ff -0:d toitfd.lif lasl etoiiattoatios:i -cfetailtod to this fmai-i-O'':;-,.. 14.1'a ili grai:tlyf totof y, d'tototoVtol ?i8-as it i .b %q oereali xmt-mxx xxim- V ;to;:)'3 td ' tj -i-.f1 f 'to "dto tag ? > to riot tCii aoouraoy of m$ CfjI?tof .to^I- "'-: df' vdi. VT)bi W. 1 fl iff. 1 f :;ii to , ' to" - v V DUP030002543 ?tW` ,i' c;*v,'s 'v'!t- .vv -i >; ;>&!. r:.: daU'^f lo rsft tbo er'sss"eiiskia|| pro- S'pi|i'U'.::'f;5.:> lotll >,Sft ;lfc lift ftftftl'.' f 4 'v 1 ,> * ^ >WSH, tc>S? ?Hy re-e-us* iu tftfe liuor fr-ftt-ft;, 9f fftis Is cteae m4 Hi pjp- K'feftft-iBlftOft ri ?9ft=. jv^try. lft;r fti-ftr. f9ft I'fc'Sylfcs 'rill tst- eexiSiS'feBtlj? | WitMr - tie o 1 lor sSfisr th@ first Cio'l-Of' l .:1ft?': feftvi ,, Itr i;t,ih-tim lu'loif rill rawo;- 9<>'*,95$ of fch# eau-fSB fftos*? ift s;,rtift;.;.ftftft.ft; ooCft>p orjo* . ft-jor ls.ro ftfteiiftiocs&i ftasisft oftiftift ftftftftftft? -ft ft;.;;t: v .^eo .*. no ;/: .la ftoiftf ups-ftft in DUP030002544 ho the standard, cannot fee aoPfced bj i&H>cdu.re .as detailed below* flrieBe eases can fee classified into five hmM classes each of which is readily mhogmiisn'Ma and requires only slight modi.fi01t.ioa of the detailed system* liie basic graphical teeimifu. is detailed ita the follow tg Steps? Step is Plot the Ah, Aa and Afe values of the batch (Ah *0.20, A% * Ah * -2.00) on the 41a Ab, AX At .and A& Afe plots label these point* {P), fa lag the para!lei line plotter of the Colorimeter-Chart Plotting Device, draw a iigtsfe line frci point |f) parallel to and in the direction of the'color effect vectors for each of .the component colorants. Prepare a table (Figure x?xj# listing for each of the A plots the colorant vectors which 'bead toward the origin from the point whir .they .are crossed &f these lines fro point (P), for mmpl# in Figure XfXI these lines are shewn as cashed red lines awl the line from point (p) in the 4 a Ah plot, which corresponds to the effect of white (253-0953),, crosses the 253-0312 line in such a position that' the .addition of 253"0312 froa the crossing point will move the color ia the direction of the origin. She (P)-253-Q953 line also crosses the 253-0505 line, but in such a position that the addition of 253-0505 aiH neve the color away from the 'origin, %%m9 the intersection with -253-0312 is listed for 253-0053 in the A .a 4 b plot hat the intersection with .25.3"*0505 is not. The list of inter sections should include even those which fallbeyond the scope of the chart, The list of intersections is for our specific example m tabulated helps. FXSSBS OT pmmm eoumm psg .momm pi cqwm edimm& Plot component Colorants fro 'point (?) 253r0953 253-0222 g&23 tsi=ffis Aa Afe' 253-0312 233-0310 253.*t0953 253-0622 : A Is Aa &L&1> "' 253-0595 253-0222 .253*0312 253-9312 253-0505 253-0953 253-Q2S2 2S3-O053 253-0222 253-09B3 iafevlatlo should fee inspected to^detemin which of fet color veofrr tsrec Wilson Truss flit hatch (P) will intersect the s>t^*> coior vec **>*' 'fe$fej,t the origin In at least two different A pU-*rs\ {Jr this cites art iwpen., refer to discussion on page feTM*-- '>'* Uni ^olor *v*ojr Am the featefe ft.) is called Colorant A **>< inter w*/*'** v^ctnr i5#|!esnsiis 4&S*rtat S Si the DUP030002545 s pantile eat a or one eeppp.#, there is a rptB-e&p f s&lO'X-aat A. &iA B <r>ioiB'aBlons is ororse firm, -253~O^.V-. eotiii fee mtm* tecl m A 3 lira a ,ti Ii^erspets tit ?5303J2 TMwtO:t in >ol!i aval AhM> plots* 253-^sa emiifi foe salsetsil m -mtimw* h fo&eAuse .is Interseets 253^0312 vectors is bWi s Ab k A AX. As slots, 253**03 1,2 -eoulj be seXeeiefi as .oiopssi A tsoauso Ifc Si^rmvi* 25!>103S`3 sector a is ihtAe Afo &n& ALAfe plots sr! 553"- 622^ pastors 3.a theAs Afc aMAbAa plots. $hm &ueh a variety of ehoio? is msiMhJjp the seise- tton is usmslly upon plotting; tail gosling oonslders** iAmm^ fli selfstAm. should $w mite to provide the great- sat sosls-up of tfe plot la refer to pf#tl<ls tfm m.&xtmm accuracy, o&Xomnt vmb&m ehonM s&t be tiseil male bp it la absolutely to a satiafaetory graphical c.aioi? atljiistiissrito Xa the spoifie etae of -or ,*apie 853-6312 ism arbitrarily m eol^rsnt A sad :2!>3-"S22g as eolaratst b C |g.,Ill itolhg tli# parallel lime plofctes' sf tli# Coioriseter-Charfe -- piotilajg Iteviee and with the Mteh {$} m a starting point* <irm .a lis# parallel to sad ia the ilreottas At the we tor* of the.oolorant & eeleebstl is step 1 aM extend it until it tntarssets with the vector representing the colorant B selected in .step X. Siam thin interaction will oersmlly occur in Only .two of file fcltfee Mr.Beta fit* mtjr oecaf la all \ tferec A plots I, tfe lim sSimM !lv o^WswSed far enough to / he itsealfla la the following operations. * lefeel the first- ihtorespt; of the cBwa colorant A line with *h'* colorant B sector as poip.i |Bete -- point (ISI shvuld he tli# closest poiat to |F) ii nil three plots*,? Si# ftarth#rsfe intnrsopt of tint oo1.#f*a:nt A li.si# fro the featofa {?) witfe the eeloront B weetor mill fee in a sipflpad ApMt mA sSmUM ho lahltil (lx)* fha a8*;t o*.'rf4tlon is to nooumtoly thoso flM) arid (IX) i ai-s ii- `r-H' |P) * Celotwt A line in ef-sh of the ^* ' < % (ib-.tc.. tbs m4 hwa %y& iett^rlag in fiKOfrs K5<BJ f f ,,* .v-faction -r-cvail hy stop 2.} Si teaB. f*v';.-'sat A i*s* v xr^^s-ntn i'\' Uroetion in ishiola 1;fes 9&$iblm of i.,. isponsit of oolorant A will c.0ieristrioallf <i-> *-. {'?)* .llfAtji5 Ifeio A!is ptr-sil-lsi. li.v& plotter of tfe# Soloariootor-^hort ...* * . ','yA ~ * * * '* v <r < W - Ji t itK\ |3'C) in. -in : r .' ;-i . to * . *'v v1- ',< . ` % 1 *u toloifSBl B '?8So:r m zk&m. in e-top ls Haiiig th A pint Aktfsh fees 'tfe ^ra-vl'0Vi?4f hstsi r;@cl' f; ifetr&isates point (IH) or 4 IS} ifi.s, tht Als,fii pint in cysir sgee ifip iiaspip'l,/i4w 3 lie* lisea gpiete CM} ani (lx) J 1" `A -'S' - 5i*.v- ' r'," ' ;coifing feaiic ) %tard tfeo eri.ginc ffelB #el.o;oa?iii -renter 1# m >`A,v^r' M :ttm !?>?< $rootInn #f fell B 11b < <A' * * ,, *<>*i *1 ^ entifii m . > ms B A so oiib iha rrstss? :, ;..'.: "! :' op olxsi^et B :l.p ifierstifiesl #a :.irl.-rh ' r- " r DUP030002546 feesifetfefes? efee- fe..-,: ooe texfefe is _intwfseete<! tf fete iy'>liWQut B te'oex fexea /ec polote <3&) m4 ClX) fe fcbte ^-By fete oife-oxe suet b* 0033Mp ;&a .*'% b ate bite yamfctsii?y steps SBPX'leil et. ^sstll torn ov Me teifetes ;la pretea fsXote la rove eases Both o;teote Eaj is -ntetesbis ss mlorimfe Cl Im this a poeIf;ia bate* '-N- ,...Mr,3i -ion of tho fiaisis jpssfe 'fo ** aite fete iHtecsut tha .greatest pro** porfciew a* $bs terrsu.iteioB fes-d to 'g&emrib tm limit as iKiteitete fflatareia feiteafete I;a eerisxn asea* eoXy vm litm fusualX tjte fix] * olop* *i *& B Hot ) will iteterse-fe fete a suitable soioraet G ''oafcost, SMa age :1s ecsmpsi &t the expanded fttsvamitm. m page ,W*3S* Sfetntjms* poit |2it) be tte C;iM}-0olarar*t B lim In eseh of fete fsttmr* & pie&u \ -k \v :i iv. i'll) >~o tfee |{k ) - PolOTtefe B Aim* In saebi of: $5*e fetter te^ptefete {Mot the SAM* %im* stel lettering la figure XfXX for the onsipuation <fewr#4 by step 3.) Draw ill's fe&rouite its fai`) euit (2X) la the H plots wtiieh wire .oof? uses? Mb ptexte (ail east (2X) Ci.0 the A a Ah atei Hoi? Lets Is tbs of our speoifAS osvteaille .> Mote fi#xHim. fm Mu %m rtprm*attng ti* v&mttso: s fellte Of ;t' j?.> ,Bxfeted tlifui lii'-ue ajatll It it'B'Bor'si ?:! lv te t: co h ,-i:!li ft - fr fete rMs iiTteraeetlcm As Jabtixx >tent ? low 1;x ixxes-tete the i*8|5eit of fete XolOlfXXi: B msdltlen,: te;u:. t I -nte<irt be :a fn eelomrt C ^eefop to fete S a oi> losxucshxpixxeaseeilf..`itte-.ed jiotetiifteIf-.yfetej^feArvt*swr addition of 1 will. ymm c.eXoP&sit the eolor 6 to ite xxigiii f tho ft picX, Xf tei not fete oass.j, fetes fell fem.g; eoife # 0 has teea'ti s.vl, ifresarpose poiat I to ib feife! fl s>lof,: *- tp.v , , i* fvi e i - .;*> r. o' f M.u 1 elumM fee "* '. - ' '.* *j wu > . > r. V. j ,, eirro to instire if.te aeuuoasy of fete |*lo%t:log 'tesli:pwe,, Any .erx^rs at &Mm jx^iufc eiioulil :te sal ua:i'ac!te4 bs/f-oru prooeecliog teiy JX'vrotoa itbij of poiefe I fee ofter iyerleolcst tmtik tfe ;^ / ,. ->.*% >.w - 'i > , fkt ii plaae., fp ' ' '. ' . . * , -e i I Mltee {orlglii- 'X ,, > " ^ , !'!>' Jf bX03P~* * te ', - ' ; if " .. b - . wteA I m tli oxer* aut 0 tete Am fir'is tea sx of ^oDjrtat C sis4 ik I *J ` ' '. f . ). ixrufe $ a^its fciXti .pill?) " - te ` >' * - f/ ' v J * * i* l s-- .: a ' t Ui . "i* c < ' fe >^ X v * , te ^ , * j'r c , , o:te paint "> * ? of " < k ^I Tie" < X to ctefctio. fete otsrtiep '- . imp is aa&i.0wfl , ; ' /o sb* 4, i is >' '^ iws&mB&ni'iifi eolep?;;ot l?`i)""',i:Step` :r(X)X"`';te'`'c'etaaeiai tjsiMA It |.i-i:s::ii!es<V::s 'tee beret te). eteotete': ? XI a te; X polst steia* DUP030002547 Step 5i 3tap &g Is labeled point IX* If this e&nnob 'be done, a mistake has been made either in plotting; m In the selection of Colorant 0* Foist il in each Aplot should be carefully checked between plots to insure the accuracy of the graphical construction*. .Any variations greater than 0.10 NB3 unit between plots should be resolved and eorreebed. Tim overall colorant add then 'becomes t Colorant A trow point (P) to point XI Colorant B from point XX to point I Colorant C from point 1 to the origin Using the variable scale portion of the Colorimter-Charb Plotting Device, measure the amounts of Colorants A, B and c required to adjust the batch color to that of the standard* Use the calibration of the Color Effect Chart plus any expansion or reduction of scale required to keep the construction on the chart to make this measurement* Because of minor unresolvab'la inaccuracies in plotting*, it Is necessary to measure the amount of colorants A, Be and .0 in at least two of the A plots and average them* These measurements'sHbuld be made as a percentage of the full-scale calibration by .setting the .full scale of the plotting device to the calibration of the vector and directly measuring the proportional part of full scale, fills value is called If the plotting scale has been expanded or reduced for plotting purposes, the suit able factor should be applied at this point to get (%} in terms of vector calibration. * Using the table of non-linear calibration, look up the vs to of (jfe) and .determine the value of This step represents a transformation to a .non-linear calibration. It will be noted that this table &om not show full calibra tion at 1.00 of calibration. This Is because the are of useage is m the negative aid of the standard and the ra.libratioa is positive side and by our color 1m Of diminishing rtMrmWSf^'ooIor effect on the positive side of the standard will be less than that on the negative side. DUP030002548 rr-30 Step fs dorfect the sion^linear calibration (Ml for ttie calibration Of the vector (8) toy multiplying (S.f t.la {&) ho obtain (Cn) which repsafes the amount of colorant to toe added per 1G0 pounds of batch if m strength correction 1* m* quired for the batch. Step. Si ' '"" -Barely doe* .4 fetich have the easae overall color strength as the standard. ffe strength f it feaiefe results fro the individual tinting stwngths of the component colorant** Since the standard and the featelss imve. different t.loas (or the color sseuM lie the same}* the hatch rarely hm the same tinting strength as the standard. If the hatch is wetter than the standard* m4h colorant will hate a greater effect than predicted. . batch strength C%1 in mm specific ease Is 10# weak or -00# of standard. Therefore* the |S|,j factor 'weSTis ,0,9m."...tte"correction Is wade toy wltipiying (Sp) thee* (?) to obtain If the hatch was ifl# strong the CS^I factor wM Mm been 1.1-0.. .Step f s ftm. Color gffeot Charts are prepared from standardised colorants adjusted to standard strength, la reality* plant batches of colorants rarely natch standard strength. it it necessary to adjust the colorant add for the strength of the specific colorant lots need, in this case it should . he mwmm'mrM .that wcmM of a weak colorant lot is required to provide the attmfsT Similarly* it %m mmm>* ary to ns Its of a strong colorant lot* Thus* in enr 'Specific exSSjSIe the 35!Pd 5m2 is Igl weak and therefcre inquires 1*1 times fete amount of^-Sloralt .to achieve the proper coWeffeot. Since 25B""02S2 ! l#. strong la per example .only O.pO tines the standard afSmbt of $53~2 i required to achieve the proper color effect. Since the 853093 is at <$ strength* no correction is required, The tinting strength Multiplied by-the MMHftoiYeeted oraaMt of colorant (%) to Main the actual amount of colorant (C) wed in the color adjustment of the imteh. dotes *TO^*' The above syetesi s? he modified slightly tor netallic-* colors. flame laMiftcations me cohered later in this handbook, mmum tmtmmm mm *m b a s is muss o f mmwa The Coloriaseter-Chart O-olor Adjusta^mt Systen will hare specific cases# idstioh on ft surface* appear to aiolat# fell general conetraction rule# as defined on p^ges l-f6 fferou^i' 1#*3CM* fh reconcile &$mm apim^ent violations' with the ocespall ays ten* it is mcessary to study in mom detail* the fundnaental 'basis of tsm graphical oowtructioa. Xu general, step 1 autossttlcally selec'hs dolownts A and B and step 3 wtowatically select* dolorimt C, However* in certain case* the selection of all three colorant* 3* carried out in step 1 WIimi thl* occurs* ccn*lder*hle lenmy ia giten ia the B@t,.iaiiii aspect*" of 'the graphical cmsstnactiim jsroces* is detailed ip mm of the fllowiir^ e^aeple*. DUP030002549 XV-30-A sim mim mmm sm mcsssECfEP m $ mm fhia case is a violation of step 1 of fete fea&ic graphical teelmi^e in tha I none of the lines fro point f which i k parallel to, amt'in the direction of,s the oo.l0ra.fit wetora will inter*. .Sect the nt color vector loading the origin in at least tan different 4plet* low then nan Colorant* A and B fee selected? Lit m take a specifis example as the has is tot discussion. Assume that hatch point ff) l* located %t AL - +0.30, a * * -1.40 ,and4h -tO.pO* CUfete Figure XX.) fh@ graphical operation of step 2 1* carried out hydrawing the dashed line (red) to represent the effect of adding each colorant Individually' to hatch (I)* the table of useable colorant vector# is then prepares! m sheen in Figure XXI* U- *<^.<9wsi;k c w FXOTE XIX 0SEABIB ClOLOBAiT ViCtOHS CROSSED M GCMCmffl COMAMS Plot MAfc AX4S Component Colorants from Point (P| "&88* 253-0505 253-0312 253-0312 253-0953 253-0505 L 253-0953 _5 DUP030002550 FIGURE XI 4> jfe1 BT *m. c o l o r ime t e r CKfHf COIiJH ApmSMSafS SYSlEi- r% \:'4 *,iv*?r,y.utur,mr B^Jt>r-t,yxwsw pr*duetlon of bleMei -colors to within a commercially 2e color tolersnoe is few basic objective of the - finishes industry. Ms objective 'om be achieved only if techniques are available for the -slsfels gai rap'll adjustment of fe# color blend formulation for the lot to lot color variation inherent in -fete mau facture of the color bied> Historically* these color adjustments have bees mad by highly tiwi&ed socialists who depended upon combination of visual color p&rcfption- and experience. Tshs efficiency of this historical color -adjustment system is controlled by the inherent limitations of visual color perception and Judgment, A new color is usually a color problem In production until sufficient visual color experience him; been built up tp allow the estimation of the amount and typo of colorant necessary to adjust a 'given color difference* Batches which fall -outBide the area of color experience remain a color matching problem. Hecent experiaeatetJUai in the field of color has led to the ' development of a bye tern which eliminates the need for viaual Judg?at and extensive color experience. Ibis system* kamm as the doloriweterChart dolor Adjustment System, replaces' visual color perception with instruffienfcation and color estperience with a calibrated chart, flic system Goto* mt require an extensive technical or practical feaelcw ground in the field of color and thus Is readily applicable to large seal rapid application to any ftnitSm Hoe meeting fee basic papm'- requisifeas required for the eystem* b a s is q i? tm coijQRm^EMBMf CQsm mjmmm 0? fhe dolorimter^Cfcart Colo? Adjustment System is based upon fee fact that visual color eoorft&itte ay4ms* such as the Kedlfied MasaiJ Coordinate System* -feapfet fcfeelr iw'ferfeufc act*'-linear pigmenta tion .ehareeteriat ie-s* are virtually 'linear over the relatively"short distances usually encountered In production color adjustment. If I* also theorised that If. a variety of batches having essentially the mane composition end are within a reasonable color difference of the standard* %h% addition f a fixed amount of a given colorant to each of these' batches will result in a color wwement which is essentially tise mm in both magpltu^e end dirsctl&w, Since the. control- charts are established wife given lota of .standardised colorants, few owyntioa ia often^aslced* ''feat happens when different lot# -'' fev-fe c:v?.:-m>H are 4mdt* 3?tu*se colorants will admittedly vary .'-uw It.*. fe Ub in colors the effect of these variations i* nww.;i sn^rfe;- in the adjustmente la the prefciu lation of few IfiiKKi oo'u>rsr- :?*.# ,<yfe to get a close match to standard. Soever* these lot. to lot eolvs feu'ife fvt' are normally relatively spall, wife res*' .'f fc to the ovew 11 wit^r^xtvsB of oln? Bisace. An analogy n be "m. wife x*cep*.v*t l,>- 'ti-iNg a rifle at a target. DUP030002553 r?~a Xf the sis of this target Is considered as the area of acceptable color variation fro the standard., it may be seen that In long-range shooting (which la analogons to the formulation or preformulation of the color) a relatively small deviation In the angle of the rifle barrel (which represents the lot to lot variation of the colorants) will cause the bullet to miss the target. Conversely* in the process of color adjustment, we are firing the rifle virtually point-blank at the target and it would require much greater aiming deviation to miss the target. The Colorimeter-Chart Color ...Adjustment System is actually based upon a graphical construction technique found in the science of Descriptive Geometry. This graphical construction is most frequently used in the construction f mine shafts or tunnels,. If we have two tunnels, one starting at a given point (batch) and heading in a given direction, the other .arriving at a given point (standard) from another direction, and wish to connect these two tunnels with a third tunnel which moves In a fixed direction, there is only one point in the first tunnel (Colorant a ) where we can dig the connecting tunnel (Color ant B) and intersect the third tunnel (Colorant'C). (Note Figure 1} The Colorimeter-Chart Color Adjustment System, .like any system, has its limitations, . Its single adjustment effectiveness is limited to a maximum of 4 to 5 TO units from standard. However, even with batches of greater deviation, the system has the inherent advantage of always moving the batch color toward the standard. 3PRBREQDZS XTES OF THE C01CRIMETER-CHART COLOR ADJDSMHT SYSTEM The Colorimeter-Chart Color Adjustment System like any other system,-is based upon certain conditions or prerequisites which serve to rigorously, define the limi.teti.ons under which It can be used. The prerequisites of the Colorimeter-Chart ..Color Adjustment System are ? 1) Standardisation of Colorants. The system is dependent upon the calibration of .Its charts. This calibration is mainly dependent upon the strength of the colorants used in the prepara tion of these charts. Therefore, strength standardisation of these colorants must be reasonably accurate since variations in this strength standardisation will directly affect the accuracy of the color adjustment. 2) The color to be controlled must not have any color drift from the time it Is sampled until the completion of the color adjustment.. Any color drift due to agitation, flocculation or defInoculation of the pigment system will b@ directly reflected m a color deviation from Standard after the color adjustment has been made. > For this reason, batch samples should not be taken until the color of the batch has reached equilibrium. * DU P030002554 ANALOGY BETWEEN COLOR ADJUSTMENT AND TUNNEL SHAFT LAYOUT Jfel FLOURS X Tunnel B Direction 120* 60 Tunnel (Colorant ) A Tunnel(Colorant}B ^Standard Tunnel (Colorant) C DUP030002555 3) The reproducibility of pans! preparation and instrumental color measurement .must be signifi cantly lose than the required color tolerances.. 'There is no sense in attempting to control a color to a narrow tolerance unless it can be reproducible measured to within this tolerance. 4) The color must be measured and controlled under conditions which insure that the differences im measurement are directly corrciatable to differences in pigmentation. This means t for example, that gloss differences between the batch and the standard must be adjusted prior to reflectance measurement. It also, means that products which are normally controlled at in complete hiding .must fee evaluated at complete hiding to avoid .the effect of differences in the intensity of the substrate color on the reflectrace measurements of the batch and standard. imTBmmmtmon o f t h e c o x o h x met s b-c h ar t c o l o r mmsTmws sxsrm The Colorisaefcer-ClMirf Color Adjustment System is based upon the replacement of visual color perception with instrumental color measureiaent.. There are three instruments which are recommended for the commercialisation. of this system. They ares ,1} "Colormaster* Differential Colorimeter - Model 4 manufactured fey Manufacturers Engineering and Equipment Corporation, Hatfeoro, Pennsylvania, This is the basic color measuring instru ment for the Colorimeter-Chert color Adjustment System, It provides Green, Bed and Blue reflect ance measurements on a color panel or wet sample which can be converted into a coordinate system which precisely locates the color of -the panel in a color solid (note discussion of color coordinate system starting on page fIV-6). This instrument should be purchased with certain auxiliary equipment. a) A screen multiplier available from $SBCCO. This unit is used to increase the sensitivity and accuracy of the Colormaster on reflectance values below 10. b) A metallic panel measuring .head currently under development and to fee available from M3CCG. This unit is required for reproducible color measure ments on sEetallio-type- finishes, where the orientation of the metallic particles can affect the reflectance values obtained by the ^Colormastar'', DUP030002556 ,nr~5 Z) & am'** teteruissspi, fhis wait -may 'te 'aul.% : into fete |'-3 Slcesffletsj1 at a cost of IfCtef-Of, Orders fcr conversion of existing units ay be ;teees through } E, -6. .StereokeMgaai .- Marshall laboratory B* 2, d; font cl ifemour'8 & Co.., Inc* 3500 Spays 'Errry Avenue Philadelphia 46, Fa* this im*trusofc 1b required for the .aeg:-np;`gp@pfe of the R two-*tone" characteristics of iaett'lXic colors. fba "two-tooew installation can also be tel It into the ,J~4 Colorimeter and -aiossateEer unit., 3) the Mate 2 Color Difference Computer is also recoaKs-s-idted equipment for the -Color tee ter^Chart Color Adjustment -System, This unit calculates the AL, Aa and A to difference between two sets of ilrea. Red., end Blue reflectance readings representing a batch color panel .and a standard color panel'In 30 seconds or less, A stellar hand calculation would take about 10 minutes with tte inherent possibility of error in read** tBg the tables or in arithmetic operation. Site unit will cost $3,500-4,000 and may be akimixu^ by referring the order to? If, H, jSdwar<te - Process Engineering E, I, du Pont de IfeBOUt's & Co., IhC, 3500 firays Ferry Avenue FhiXndelphle 4.6, Pa, --' Qommmm_jsgtxie tte* ultimate eceursey of-the Colorimeter-Chart Color Adjust- eat; Bytea ie le tent-Mt upon the accuracy with which the color effect panels are prepiu'ah md read. Co torteeter accuracy is obtained by a special -technic decried to use the wCoXorsiastr* differential colorteeter as diffn.renc@ unit, in -order to use the coXori* sater properly, tne fallowing procedure should be used, (Res - DM-142) I) 8 :a.vV.i` lime the colortea ten for Srid Bias, by te-terf te filter switch to the "OFF" positions ^&h& .; the 55HIgb Sensitivity11 button and adjust* fri*.; \Y.i -sueter to sere using the Orid Bias adjust- l -p , > on the right-hand side of the case, 2) ste~u->p-<Use the machine to the 0, E and B value of vfrXfce -ceramic placque. Always approach tee reteipg from the same dial direction, 3) Bead the 0, B,. and 3 values of the standard pace), v-te'ig the time* 10 screen for all "> ti > tel', 1.7 (sa steps X-3 &..' obtain calibration of standard if DUP030002557 4} steutsijriar&lsc on the S va.lus -of the standard panel', recsd -S of batch pgoel. 5) Switch So K#d filters standardise on R value of strsferS pen?., read B .of batch panel. - 6) Switch to Blue filter's standardise cm B value of panel, reed B of batch panel. ?Mb iecfeniciU3 la ore saturate than conventional techniques because the filter -- reel ts Xtx precisely the same position for all panel readings on a particular filter, thus eliminating any inherent error due fco'mtodr y.triatKms in the filter position between batch and standard panels. COLOR GQCmimm SffS-M Th& p R, .and B values .obtained by colorimeter measurement "of a panel i^pr^-rcf- the percentage of {green,. .Blue and Red light reflected from irticl, Thase values, while measuring the color, do not eorrelatf directly with visual interpretation of color .{i,<?,~ what the eye sees}.- la order to obtain agreement with visual color interpretation* it is mcobBturj to translate these 0, R, and B values into a color toardia.at-3 system which measures visual color perception to numerical terms* Color ooorsiinate systems are very simple and can be compared to many things with 'vdiieh we are familiar. Wo t example, a simple visuaitoats-oe f- tbs color solid can be made by comparison with a apokei wb^sel er?* m .%xlev The axle is our "neutral axis", having one end pain'*** ,<ocv* white, the other end pure black and the -remainder of ibn* axle : s mlXf darker series of neutral grays ringing from pure white to i>u. j t'/fiek. This neutral axis represents the first chnrateristi . o/ &$':w known as lightne-ss. if we call the lightness of pure whits. I. ~%m the lightness * of" SEs pure black 0, all colors can be c.'lsssiO. *w having a lightness equivalent to that of a neutral tray tob ululate somewhere between pure white and pure black. If fhs l.t'pitmss axis is considered as an axle, the remain- ing color oh&tmt^-h :tica am be -considered m elements of a s-poked wheel wfeifthcisy to any position of lightness on our neutral axis. At a giver 31 -ihtnass position, the a poked wheel contains all colon? of this X'^yv- ess. "2he spoke# of the wheal represent the various tout -or .Vs*. of the color solid. In other words each spoke reps^s cisfe* a ` hue? blue, green,yellow, red or some intervening color shade. :Tfo- ,* TEpt&m} at a color can is determined by seme fixed angle with respect to one hue or spoke to much the same way that East. South m-i ?i*fc are .matured on a compass as specific angles from Sarif ibs tbtoo -uslor eher&sterisfcis expressed by axle and wheel tb^ uoS/w s.:4-yi is m i:. a ^ration, Saturation is I by tf Xu^sgth of the pnf`t1c'vjir'-^j Tpdke which in turn is' syrrbolic Of tivi vyvidnesv ft* clarity of the particular color. Sia? the* %y;s -aad tbs# wheel hub represent gray colors iimlmi o but <-r the length of the- spoke is representative of hoe* m!s rrf thvi .y.rsy 3a seized with cur pure color, ffe longer DUP030002558 :p?-T the tauij spoke becomes 5 the less gray Xv mixed with the pure sol?* and the greater the asterstion* Saturation is, therefore, a measure of the city taue-a the c-ol^r lies from the neutral axis. While th original color coordinate systems were 'baaed on angles am. distanced? the mathematics involved in obtaining these factors from 3, E, and B colorimeter 'values were not suitable .from the standpoint of routine production use, Therefore, the .for of the color oeordinita system was altered to & recti linear coordinate system,. Th rectilinear color coordinate system may be visualised as nothing more than two pieces of cardboard intersecting at right angles in the form of m liJ" (note Figure XI }> The intersection of bhe&e two pieces of -cardboard is identical with our axle or "neutral axis", if we label one of the' pieces of cardboard "a" and the other one bw. we have the completed color solid. A -particular color can be pinpointed in this color space in terms of three numbers, L (m1 lightness )* a and b -which are components of the hue and saturation. While "L mast always be positive* both a and b can be either positive or negative, and serve to pinpoint the color in terms of redness (plus a), greenness (minus a), yellowness (plus b) and blueness (mitM b). The coordinate system used in the 0olorimeter~Chart Color Adjustment -System is known as the modified Adams* Coordinate System-. -This coordinate system is used because it agrees most closely with visual perception and 'because it is the system in which many of our !| color tolerances arc now or will be expressed., This coordinate system is expressed by winy equations. However,, the preparation of tables has reduced the individual calculations to the following equationss b :S (3 ) .o , , , , , B .-> o .a , , .* . * o * ., . , , & .(1 ) f ( - ,=' i v,, .t ,,. , ij! b tq hpg .Cl/3J- - ai o,8 (j r ) 4- 0,2 (b ) A-form has teen prepared (note Figure xxi), covering the calculation of h* a sad b from 0* .R, and B, la .any case, the' use of the Table's in'determining X, an** a, % and bgi is necessary to avoid excessive arithmetic. The color coordinate tables are -used as follows Step 1. - Rec-ord the 6, S *nd B colorimeter readings (i.v ) s ** J50.00 R W 55.00 B 60,00 Step 2 tfalculate B* 0.8 B 4- 0.2 B R' * te8 (55.00) -4* 0.2 <60,00) H* * -P-. 00 4- 12.00 56.00 DUP030002559 I~3 DUP030002560 Step 3 - Obtain tfm functions of 0 trim bite tables fli# table pages are .Mentl.ie0 in th upper rigfetlfiS ear*!? by the raag of 0, B, it B rftfteofcamMMi whose fwictiow are fc.bra$st0 cm that .page* Slacks m are after functions of 0 whm 8 *? 50 P0 we mist open the tables to the pa Mefciffe4 im 49,-00-51.00. 4 mpre&eu&afclea of a portion of this page ii given m the mx% pftgt. (Mote Figure IF) 9WjSfflFW#SSWS^ami*mJ*S^.<^^ wimm in j % | CQOB: BATCH M0. KULi DA3 F2HE> 30SS3 SfECs )afip J IIS ;V :'V T--^*:'-W: S.. *. .-i-.<*!ivI vijJ ^f'.'5.:-w.y FINENESS BAfCBt 11 $ss*sss8sss8asw!i$38<i8i^swss^^swil!^^ | x.A; iUfev'wii.vV /> 1 ; 2 | R !? ' ' 4 I JM. H fV.xj. 4v-<-'\.x^4H*V'.V^o.v.1,' . !< * UUbM#c>KiyMC->;y-:''i:WV->^p*:'>'^<.".:- ' ::>> -r-v--.- .< -v . -.* . ' I. . . ! I I. . i ^ 1 < 11I I 5 1 0.88 IT I 6 I (4) + 15) ^1' jl .* I l l lb 1 a j %a 1 I 9 ! as I T~~ i T~ j i } IQ I l,i J 11 ] , 11 12 1% i! 16 ! S aC-Wjjr'** || jy | fll) * &L /^ b .... ~---ir~ J DUP030002561 ^ -vV;' Q , * wv? m F.1CI1JRB IF 49,00-51.00 f || F.j,M'<rA )s / Is' -':... ^ L ff/x.sr.-.ynKz xr i.J.' a. .a7:, 7 J.V.3, j R jU If ft I# jI3i Bjfji > \ I;!? i- ^,S,AV,V,, ;.,,,.,,,iy,, r W."4(>XV'.( wy.v, . ,,,.,.v..v ,v,,..v .. . ,^v.,v ,, .... 1 h :r* 1 ** r/-jy, j 4,.i-..:- ! 4.9, .:'. 'Ufi 1 1 \.. :$! ' .-'V^v/'\^. j-ii* ,`i"-\ f3,^ 3 73.'^ 73.97 r 7m 1; ; -i y*''' * "' o.w.-r *:.-; j .v I IB % t...vv W'*-w>i'i'i':#"J.i .v.vciwu.i v J It I] ,:^0 " <4| If.,, \J-i 193.97f i *0 I ,, V* VI |1 50.00ij0 1 0.02 | 5-COG4 ** 7744..5,55S ?JK5v ?4.-60 312.,19 312*24 312.30 18 4.851 124.8' m, 891>K i ^.^.>;^v-*v*v*svv..- 'f: * :* . f-'****,tt# v *V7W.y*:nK.<w-.viy,-'*.-.3W*A'Ur;**W^r^-y^,W^^Wrs>^>0W^WB(ew*W4iW<C>ae'''m'l. 0* M6 i? Aj I/x . ^:5 I'r'?X- i/.C'Ltsr. im*:-.,'SKii!ilBcol Sln;^cmjf *cK&^ltSB tfoa refle-ctaaee tallies for mtl.mft Oft mf l,--0 >.-!?'?>.? $ ry': for. lff fssj 1`riiS i -|l ? rot? eonfeisl ft.3 g''^ >ht;r-li J.S i/)'} of H3 a^sl .'VA-' Vty&PSi* : ^ '^iifi-gi'i * 'Ss OO W^ '-'-X' 7; <yf> i. , Vo th& valtift of ..the fiinsfcloas p i|s, i'fd'll.-i Xiroft. ' p -'I 80.00 arm re-eoi'sS the valuos of %, ag- fc>.f| *1S iilMr'B fS I,'3fV>, I 9? I A" 1 7V -f\ ,: -./'; 'i;%r :1; .-ai/'',t.drV, -- , -' V'.-' r- 'f- $ yxatTOK 49.00-51.0 Ilt|l :';'.TQ>7:W'5S| | 1I 6 { II R! iI jjB I.t l&f. I! 1 il!I i ?3 * f~,r-~.-\\r, '.' y..;'t**Bl v *; f xa?',Yn' ' .'-VO.'.- --,V.-.TWT, , :?V}:i'.w j i /ri :i ' f' 50.00 *r^KWW's>w*^iW^SMa^?S3aT^'^iJ*y:Si>^,''r.v-SWWXx- >> \* 74.58 312.19 I! 124,85 I *> 1 -5: * './ ^ 73.9Y O-. i | C:-:ij2 7lt ft 31.2.24 12*. 0/ I ;r;. ';5... 7? H5 :-6lj | 50.04 T4.60 312.30 124,89 jj -fv,.: Jin......... -Iiurr-*--lnn ln, ........ ....mm.....n,,, |,.iT} V; -w.4*VW**'-Tv:*- fv .;'>' '''f!>w/!''.-i'm.:a'''"' :l Hm 7`l;m: -of tlm. pjp: fomtXon of E5# forio^l;ng r ;r ! ' t'i 7 <7j !ict~e fci'iii'fe :p ? 3& tlso oniy :.,;,'K, >vs;i.'!. \ -,f< i;Sj i 'Ij IC V ;l ..'ll c^i B% ""'Sinee a* Is fjCai . 7 wu ?* psp* :S.donsa.fio4i i>y 55.00-5?-.&( I*? fc-:r:r Ol-ir'i/ 5;1S s::;;! tl5fe|ld DUP030002562 XH FIGURE VI 55.00-57.00 t GL R wa B * aG aRS <or *>G | 0I bB | 56.0O 56.02 56.04 78.22 78.23 78.24 327.42 327.47 327.52 130.94 j 130.96 I 130*98 1 Step Obtain fete aebslmiction of B^followlng the technique of step 3. Mote that tog is the only coordinate function of B. Since B for our example is 60,00 t o must use the table page identified by .59.QO-61 .-Op in the upper right-hand corner. a 327*42 - 312.19 * +15.83 .to - 124.85 - 134.76 . 9,91 finis color would be positioned in color space as show in Figure VIII, DUP030002563 .tAis Colop Mjuetwnt Sysie-? i hs&& upon tfca -aoloy &i$fevnm Klfclag between the sf&ncSard ani! the batch*' 3 the the color of the sbanG&M the batch are x-epresentei by sjofti-rto s jmit b Tal.uf-3^, th color `ixffercmc listing betm&n tfea atsafisx'fi im4 tbs batch Is repre^fn-r-cdi by ^Xfferences In fc:h@ % a8 *sd b -iralacB of i:ti b^fe&h aM siaMayil, $ho$@ ecsler coo^Al-bat SltTcrra^ies j, Spfrosm as L, Ah* bw S Ab are ealcniiattc! fmr* this folios?TM if g iVix:*uJst All. r I,(.Bt3h) * (W*51 A a ^ iMtzk) - a j'Starafe&JKt) ........, {X?-6) At> I - |3fcaiistr3; |Xf-7l DUP030002564 2?-i3 Particular car mat bs takea to obtain the proper .sigh In the calculation of A a and Ah because a and b .can be either' positive or negative, lot that Al , A a or Ab can be either positive or negative and depend upon the relationship in color space existing between the batch color and the standard color. The proper signs are particularly important in the ..Colorimeter-Chart Color Adjustment System because they control both the type and amount of the colorants added to the batch in order to match the color of the standard. As can be seen from the preceding discussion* the calcu lation of Al*As and Ab is time-consuming (estimated calculation time is 10 minutes) and is subject to many possibilities of error, particularly in the mechanics of calculation. Recognising this limitation* the F. & F, Department commissioned the Engineering Research .Laboratory, in 1955# to develop and build a special purpose computer designed to compute Ah, Aa, and Ab directly from the Cl, B and B reflectance data of the batch and standard panels. The computer requires about 30 seconds to make this calculation* .effective ly eliminates the possibility of any computation error and, in reality, makes the Colorimeter-Chart Color Adjustment System commercially feasible. COLOR EFFECT CHARTS WMtaas>ms>mtsw ) The Colorimeter-Chart Color Adjustment System is based upon the use of a special chart which pictures the colorimetric effects of the individual component colorants upon the color of the standard. This chart, called the Color Effect Chart, is specific to a given color formula and replaces visual color memory and experience in the selection of tb@ identity and the mount of the component colorants necessary to adjust the color of a batch to that of the standard. A separate Color Effect Chart is required for .each color formula brought under the control of the Colorimeter-Chart Color Adjustment System. The function of the Color Effect Chart Is to present. In a useable.form, all of the date required to adjust the color of the batch to that of the .standard by. using the Colorimeter-Chart Color .Adjustment System, This data ie obtained from .a series of panels which illustrate the colorimetric effect obtained by adding a given amount of each .of the component colorants separately to 100 parts of the color standard. .The color difference between these panels and the standard is measured and the result expressed as the A I** Aa and Ab difference representing the colorimetric effect of .a known amount of a .specific component colorant upon the standard, for example, if the addition of 1,0 part of blue (253-0505) to 100 parts of color standard (S) produces a colorimetric difference (X) which is measured as' AL *"2.25# A* a sr-0.38 and Ab * -2.91, the overall effect In three-dimensional color space is shown. in figure IX as black lim (SX). DUP030002565 fills overall three-dimensional color effect C$x) of the blue .(253~05Q5) eon fee broken down Into three two-dimensional eeeponente fey promoting the <3X) line into the two-dimensional plots a s Aba Ah 4t and AI* Ah* thus, line (fix) can fee pictured In tilt Aa Ab IOmen) plot as lint (SA),, in the Al Aa (Bed) plot at line (SB) and in the At Ab (Mlue) .plot m line (SC). While the three-dimensional effects cm fee adequately pictured on any two off tfoinsw plots, the technique of the ColorlaterCharb Color Adjustment System requires tee use of all three A plots, Mote that the stan dard is at Ah * 0, A# * -0 and Ab * 0* fader the concept of the Colorlmeter-C^rt Color Adjust ment System, if lint (SX) represents the color effect produced fey the Milt ion of (x) parts of a colorant to 100 parte of the standard color ($), then a directly opposite directional effect will occur it s o b* of this colorant is renewI from the color standard (g), hypothetically, we can tssuiae**ffS't (x) parte of the colorant can' he resowed mm If they are not in the foraul&tlon, However, the re* ml of (X) parts of the colorant will not give an equal color move* mm% in the opposite direction since the fuuIienfcal*!SSsmaties of color ar essentially non-linear and follow a color law of %.lmirdjsfe tgsteg that. the..eedoad-Jinineaen^^ will have lees "off a^iolcr1 afthe first incv^m^T^^^mmr*, when" the color tearlHfe prep&reiT^ color effects of addition and subtraction of (%) parts of the color are assumed equal for plotting the direction off the sector. An arrowhead is used along with the vector colorant marking (35*53^0505) to indicate the direction of color movement resulting from the addition of the colorant, Sine# it is necessary to know not only wlFT6Xrsnti are used but bow much of each is 'required to make the mommtf color adjustment, the was tor must be calibrated at .the Ah, 'As, Ab values representing, tlte color effect iMM^S^r^^ablishing the vector effect;, In cm? specific case, this calibration would fee set at' i;0. ft Solos* ,Effect dhsrt, in addition t the At Ab, Ah Am and AhA'b plots, contains other iitffomiliW? of value in the prepara^ tion and use' of the charte. Ah a* b, chart Is Incorporated giving tim location of the color standard in absolute color' apace to serve at m guide In checking the direction of the component colorant vectors for direction of color .movement due to colorant addition, (For information on tee retetlonsfcip of'pigmentation effects to color# refer to fart I of the y. & F, color Handbook, *Introduction to Color tetralogy"). fti Color Effect Charts for metallic colors contain a plotting area which summarises "tee-lene* data* DUP030002566 1M5 Figure IX RELATICHSHIP BSTWEEH THREE-DIMEMSIOHAL COLOR SPACE AHR Aa &b> Ah A a, MB Ah At> PLOTS Reel a Alia plot Blue TMiXiA fc plot Green mA&Ab plot Slack * plot Ira three^dlronslonaX color space ... r<.<n .ryjx^ry.v DUP030002567 DUP030002568 fhe preparation of the .00lor* Effect Chart requires the following steps; ' ..Step Is Prepare two separately w.elgtecl seta of color effect panels* these panels .are normally based on wet color standard material, if it is available. Otherwise* a previously shaded acceptable batch of the same material cap he used as a basis for preparing the panels, A panel of the "standard" Is also prepared as a base for measuring the color differences attributable to the component colorants. One panel is prepared for each, cemponent colorant, including all trace colorants. fhe amount of the component colorant used per .100 parts of the standard material will vary widely, depending both on the strength of the colorant and the area' of the color solid in which it is used. A gooi yardstick for the amount of the colorant used per loo parts of standard la the preparation of these panels .is the A&, A a and Ab color difference obtained., fhe color blend should be adjusted so that the maximum At, A a or Ab lies between 2 and 3 JUS units, .For simplicity la the calibration of the dolor Effect charts, the amount of the colorant used per WO parts of the standard should be selected from the following listing* 0.1, 0.2, -0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 5*0, 10.. 0, 20.0 or 0,-0, Experience is generally the best .guide to fcfce selection -.of the colorant level to 'be used. Its our specific sample, the following panels were prepared* Tmm 1 Panel MO Colorant PartsA'OO parts standard .Standard i*. 233-0505 251-0312 253-0953 253-0222 1,0 1.0 .20,0 0.5 It the Color Effect Chart Is being prepared for a metallic type color, the aluminum flake .pigment will replace the white in the non-metallic color system. -White colorant is used is the metallic color system primarily for the correction of two-tone differences. therefore, a -panel representing 100 parts of the metallic color standard plus sufficient white to give a reasonable two-tope difference is also prepared, normally, the amount of white used would be equal to or less than 0.5 parts of white per 100 parts of the metallic color -standard. DUP030002569 Step 8s IV-18 The panels are coated using an. approves method to complete hiding and road on the colorimeter* using the semi-bbsolirte method given in this handbook and detailed la TMl%2o `a standard panel is used as the calibration standard for the colorteeter readings. The color difference is computed using either the Tables of Modified Adana Coordinates or the Color Difference Computer* Since two sets of panels are used it Is necessary to reconcile any noteahle deviations'existing between the sets f panels. In the specific case of the example the following readings vpre -obtained? ' TABLE II Colorant Calibration AL Aa Ab 253-0505 (Blue:) 253-O312 CHed) 253-0953 jWhlte) 253-0222 (Black) 1.0 1,0 20.0 0.5 -2.25 -2.01 +.56 +2v S6 -1.00 -0.38 +2.28 -0,74 -0.90 -2.9I -1-0.33 +1.04 4-1.97 Mote that the amount of the colorant used per 100 parts f the standard Is also the calibration of the colorant vector* ) Step. 3? (For 'metallic colors only) In addition to the panels prepared uider step .1, prepare a panel representing 100 parte of tie standard plus sufficient whit to give a reasonable reduction in the two-tone characteristics Determine m the Two-Tone Meter, the two-tone difference . axisting between the standard and the standard plus the white panel. Step %t Using Me t igsn #332 paper or its equivalent and a scale of 1.-0 MBS mite per inch (i,,-e.* a minor scale sub-division equals 0.1 MBS unit), lay put the basic AsAb,, AL&b and a*b axes as shown in Figure XI. Step 5t ' *' " Using the Aa* Ab data for each color component add, plot these points on the A Ab -plot* Plot the reverse points (i.e,* -a ft) on the Aa Ab plot. Connect these two points and add an arrow head and colorant identification to indicate the color direction which would result fro the addition of the colorant to the standard color. Mote? this line should pass through the origin of the AaAb plot. Calibrate the lines .at the Aa#Ab point representing the addition and subtraction of the. component colorant. In our specific example 253-0505 would provide point in the A a Ab plot at As -O.38, Ab * -2-91 and A a * +0*38* Ab +2,91, Draw .a line between these points and through tee origin of the A .Ab plot. Extend this line beyond the points until it crosses the As * t.O or Ab 4,0 line. DUP030002570 .IMS Identify tm direction of so lor movement resulting from the addition of solor^Tit by an arrowhead at the end of' the lino and Identify the lina with fell colorant identi fication* i,@, 253~<W. Certain color fomilatioas citato an excess color pigment dispersion, usually in trace form, fhe colorant 'vectors of these excess color pigment dispersions are marked with tbs colorant code followed by a .($) and are used only, is cases .of. necessity* i,e,,, if the 253-0503 vector ^eureaeatec! a trace colorant it would be marked? 253-^05 (1?)* Black colorants even when used in trace quantities are .never considered as trace constituents. Excess -colorants'are also narked la this manner. Step .61 fife points An, Ab and -6a,-4b, mark the colorant vector with the calibration as detrained in step 2. Repeat steps 5 am* 6 for each colorant,. Steo 7? lepeat .steps 3 sad 6 for each colorant in the ALAa ^ and ALAb plots (note Figure' XX), Step 8s Plot .the location of the color standard on the a,b plot. identify the lightness value of the standard on this plot. Check the Jt plots for the proper color direction of the ) vectors. Record on the Color Effect Chart the 0, B m<& B of the standard together with the cosaiereial color., tolerance of the oolrr (if available) Stag j|s (Metallic colors only) Plot the colorant calibration n ' the teo-toi; .jgasl# at'the left-hand edge of the a,b plot, Qmmmmm-cums mififg imim fhe graphical technique of the Colorimeter-Chart color J&jmtmnt System' is based upon fclie coostraction of parallel lines and Idie measurement of linear distances as & percentage of s calibrated distance, k special device, known as a Colorimeter-Chert Plotting Device has been 4asigoi specifically for this purpose and is available trt<m the Serber Scientific Instrument Company, 89 Sprue Street, $&rtfor& Coes,, as the WCC Plotting Device*1, 'Phis unit is eonpemsed of e vtrinbV t*?rlwg scale and a parallel line drafting unit which is temper' *?. rt ,, :ar plastic scribed with parallel line at 03-quarter iuwo i^tr..vt3e (Bote Plfg&r XXZ*) fba variable spring scale is a trin: ;;ulor which when stretched* expands uni* formally throi*khr>%;'. A -V Ua^h* Biasli -of the 100 increments of the spring scale .i ibiS-: with the, exception of tbs fifth increments Which are prom cmi ' ':v -iftth inc*v>ment which are red. One end of the scale is in s ?i\.ve iW5i*i<t and the other end is attached to a vhi-h t>o . * * r eo&hr&ots tfe# scale. . Tte fixed end of the. soafr '* >. :;.rk:.u {*>) xmro and thi remaining Imsremente are marked 2, 6* 8, ?r*0 10 *i intervals of twenty units with the 1- marking rapratin <1 -.'i- 5.* I'm'.k i 100 iaortmamts* DUP030002571